Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives are common pollutants that require effective remediation techniques. PAH biodegradation using bacterial and fungal enzymes has gained popularity because it effectively removes these contaminants. Ligninolytic enzymes (LEs), such as laccase (Lac), lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and versatile peroxidases (VPs), have been studied for their role in PAHs biodegradation. These enzymes, produced by different living organisms, have demonstrated significant potential in degrading complex PAH structures, contributing to cleaner and more sustainable remediation techniques. This review evaluates the biodegradation capacity of PAHs using different strains and/or their LEs and provides an in-depth analysis of their mechanisms and removal efficiencies. In addition, the fundamental catalytic mechanisms governing the biodegradation of PAHs and factors that must be optimized to promote effective breakdown and detoxification are highlighted. This review also highlights recent biosensor developments that provide enhanced sensitivity and specificity for PAH detection. Although some LE-producing strains are efficient in completely biodegrading certain PAH types, further research is needed to explore the complete biodegradation of PAHs with higher molecular structures using genetically modified strains or their LEs. Despite progress, challenges remain in optimizing enzyme activity and integrating biosensors into large-scale use. Future research should focus on enhancing stability and improving field deployment for better environmental monitoring.
多环芳烃（PAHs）及其衍生物是常见的污染物，需要有效的修复技术。使用细菌和真菌酶进行多环芳烃生物降解能有效去除这些污染物，因此受到了广泛欢迎。人们研究了木质素分解酶（LEs），如漆酶 (Lac)、木质素过氧化物酶 (LiP)、锰过氧化物酶 (MnP) 和多功能过氧化物酶 (VPs)，以了解它们在多环芳烃生物降解中的作用。这些由不同生物体产生的酶在降解结构复杂的多环芳烃方面具有巨大潜力，有助于采用更清洁、更可持续的修复技术。本综述评估了利用不同菌株和/或其 LEs 对 PAHs 进行生物降解的能力，并对其机理和去除效率进行了深入分析。此外，还重点介绍了多环芳烃生物降解的基本催化机制，以及为促进有效分解和解毒而必须优化的因素。本综述还重点介绍了最近开发的生物传感器，这些传感器可提高多环芳烃检测的灵敏度和特异性。尽管一些产生低浓有机溶剂的菌株能有效地完全生物降解某些类型的多环芳烃，但仍需进一步研究，利用转基因菌株或其低浓有机溶剂来探索具有更高分子结构的多环芳烃的完全生物降解。尽管取得了进展，但在优化酶活性和大规模使用生物传感器方面仍存在挑战。未来的研究应侧重于提高稳定性和改进现场部署，以更好地进行环境监测。
{"title":"Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: The role of ligninolytic enzymes and advances of biosensors for in-situ monitoring","authors":"Eshet Lakew Tesfaye , Fekadu Mazengiaw Bogale , Tadele Assefa Aragaw","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives are common pollutants that require effective remediation techniques. PAH biodegradation using bacterial and fungal enzymes has gained popularity because it effectively removes these contaminants. Ligninolytic enzymes (LEs), such as laccase (Lac), lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and versatile peroxidases (VPs), have been studied for their role in PAHs biodegradation. These enzymes, produced by different living organisms, have demonstrated significant potential in degrading complex PAH structures, contributing to cleaner and more sustainable remediation techniques. This review evaluates the biodegradation capacity of PAHs using different strains and/or their LEs and provides an in-depth analysis of their mechanisms and removal efficiencies. In addition, the fundamental catalytic mechanisms governing the biodegradation of PAHs and factors that must be optimized to promote effective breakdown and detoxification are highlighted. This review also highlights recent biosensor developments that provide enhanced sensitivity and specificity for PAH detection. Although some LE-producing strains are efficient in completely biodegrading certain PAH types, further research is needed to explore the complete biodegradation of PAHs with higher molecular structures using genetically modified strains or their LEs. Despite progress, challenges remain in optimizing enzyme activity and integrating biosensors into large-scale use. Future research should focus on enhancing stability and improving field deployment for better environmental monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100424"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100423
Joshua O. Babayemi , Innocent C. Nnorom , Roland Weber
The global management of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and related plastics, and the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) contained in it constitute a global challenge in particular for low-income countries in Africa where monitoring capacity and waste management infrastructure are lacking. While plastic recycling is highlighted as an important part of the solution to plastic pollution, such recycling is threatened by the presence of POPs. Overall, there is a lack of data on POPs in (W)EEE plastics with the exception of PBDEs. The objective of this study was to analyse the overall imports of (W)EEE into Nigeria and estimate the associated amount of plastics and POPs for better planning and management of WEEE plastics. This study assessed all EEE importation categories and compiled the importations of 28 EEE product groups with the highest importation, covering more than 98 % of officially imported EEE based on the United Nations Comtrade Database using harmonized system (HS) codes. The impact factors of POPs and plastic from the UNEP inventory guidance were used for the estimates. Overall, 4568 kilo-tonnes (kt) of EEE were officialy imported between 1990 and 2022 containing 1337 kt of plastic. If considering also the estimated imported WEEE and EEE not covered in the Comtrade statistics, the total imported (W)EEE is estimated to 12,259 kt including 3644 kt of plastics and an estimated 1043 t of hexaBDE/heptaBDE and 8511 t of DecaBDE as major POP additives, and lower levels of 154 t of HBCD, 91 t of SCCPs, 364 t of MCCP, and 146 t of Dechlorane Plus. The study is the first estimate of all major POPs in (W)EEE plastics in a low-income country and provides important information for their management.
{"title":"Comprehensive inventory of imports of electrical and electronic equipment and related plastics and POPs plastic additives into Nigeria in the past 32 years (1990–2022)","authors":"Joshua O. Babayemi , Innocent C. Nnorom , Roland Weber","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global management of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and related plastics, and the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) contained in it constitute a global challenge in particular for low-income countries in Africa where monitoring capacity and waste management infrastructure are lacking. While plastic recycling is highlighted as an important part of the solution to plastic pollution, such recycling is threatened by the presence of POPs. Overall, there is a lack of data on POPs in (W)EEE plastics with the exception of PBDEs. The objective of this study was to analyse the overall imports of (W)EEE into Nigeria and estimate the associated amount of plastics and POPs for better planning and management of WEEE plastics. This study assessed all EEE importation categories and compiled the importations of 28 EEE product groups with the highest importation, covering more than 98 % of officially imported EEE based on the United Nations Comtrade Database using harmonized system (HS) codes. The impact factors of POPs and plastic from the UNEP inventory guidance were used for the estimates. Overall, 4568 kilo-tonnes (kt) of EEE were officialy imported between 1990 and 2022 containing 1337 kt of plastic. If considering also the estimated imported WEEE and EEE not covered in the Comtrade statistics, the total imported (W)EEE is estimated to 12,259 kt including 3644 kt of plastics and an estimated 1043 t of hexaBDE/heptaBDE and 8511 t of DecaBDE as major POP additives, and lower levels of 154 t of HBCD, 91 t of SCCPs, 364 t of MCCP, and 146 t of Dechlorane Plus. The study is the first estimate of all major POPs in (W)EEE plastics in a low-income country and provides important information for their management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100423"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100421
Haoyan Xiao , Hanxia Yu , Adam Frew , Wei Jiang , Yusen Wu , Cheng Wang , Beidou Xi , Wenbing Tan
Both microplastic (MP) pollution and zinc (Zn) deficiency have adverse effects on terrestrial plants. However, the combined effect of MPs and Zn deficiency on plant physiology remains unexplored. In this study, a pot-culture experiment and 13C stable isotope tracing technology were employed to investigate the combined effects of MPs and Zn deficiency on the growth, photosynthetic physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, as well as synthesis and distribution of photosynthetic products in Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd seedlings. The results revealed significant reductions in biomass, gas exchange parameters, carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities, and photosynthetic parameters including Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, ETR and qp in seedlings subjected to both individual and joint treatments of MPs and Zn deficiency compared to the control group. Notably, the combined Zn deficiency and MPs exhibited a more pronounced inhibitory effect on root biomass (RR = −0.42) compared to the single Zn deficiency (RR = −0.37) and MP (RR = −0.26) treatments. Random forest analysis indicated that chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics (37.5 %) had the greatest impact on biomass variation in seedlings, followed by 13C accumulation in various organs (26.7 %). MPs exacerbated the inhibition of photosynthesis (Pn and Gs) under Zn deficiency by suppressing chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm and ΦPSII), further reducing 13C accumulation in roots. In conclusion, the addition of MPs intensified the suppression of photosynthetic parameters caused by Zn deficiency, weakened the carbon assimilation capacity of leaves, and hindered the synthesis of photosynthetic products in leaves and their transport to roots, thereby further inhibiting root growth. This study reveals the combined stress of MP pollution and Zn deficiency on terrestrial plants, deepens our understanding of potential ecological risks, and provides scientific basis for the development of effective mitigation measures to protect plant ecosystems.
{"title":"Microplastics aggravate zinc deficiency-induced inhibition of physiological-biochemical characteristics in apple rootstock Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd seedlings","authors":"Haoyan Xiao , Hanxia Yu , Adam Frew , Wei Jiang , Yusen Wu , Cheng Wang , Beidou Xi , Wenbing Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Both microplastic (MP) pollution and zinc (Zn) deficiency have adverse effects on terrestrial plants. However, the combined effect of MPs and Zn deficiency on plant physiology remains unexplored. In this study, a pot-culture experiment and <sup>13</sup>C stable isotope tracing technology were employed to investigate the combined effects of MPs and Zn deficiency on the growth, photosynthetic physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, as well as synthesis and distribution of photosynthetic products in <em>Malus hupehensis</em> (Pamp.) Rehd seedlings. The results revealed significant reductions in biomass, gas exchange parameters, carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities, and photosynthetic parameters including <em>F</em><sub>v</sub>/<em>F</em><sub>m</sub>, ΦPSII, ETR and <em>q</em><sub>p</sub> in seedlings subjected to both individual and joint treatments of MPs and Zn deficiency compared to the control group. Notably, the combined Zn deficiency and MPs exhibited a more pronounced inhibitory effect on root biomass (RR = −0.42) compared to the single Zn deficiency (RR = −0.37) and MP (RR = −0.26) treatments. Random forest analysis indicated that chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics (37.5 %) had the greatest impact on biomass variation in seedlings, followed by <sup>13</sup>C accumulation in various organs (26.7 %). MPs exacerbated the inhibition of photosynthesis (Pn and Gs) under Zn deficiency by suppressing chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (<em>F</em><sub>v</sub>/<em>F</em><sub>m</sub> and ΦPSII), further reducing <sup>13</sup>C accumulation in roots. In conclusion, the addition of MPs intensified the suppression of photosynthetic parameters caused by Zn deficiency, weakened the carbon assimilation capacity of leaves, and hindered the synthesis of photosynthetic products in leaves and their transport to roots, thereby further inhibiting root growth. This study reveals the combined stress of MP pollution and Zn deficiency on terrestrial plants, deepens our understanding of potential ecological risks, and provides scientific basis for the development of effective mitigation measures to protect plant ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100421"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The extensive use of plastics has led to significant microplastic pollution, posing threats to environmental and human health. Concerns are growing about the toxicity of microplastics (MPs) and their ability to adsorb contaminants like Copper (Cu2+). Therefore, this study investigated the effects of environmentally realistic concentrations of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)-MPs and Copper, both individually and together, with a particular focus on triggering Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-driven apoptosis in the liver of Channa punctatus. Well-habituated fish were organized into four groups: Group I (Control), Group II (0.5 mg/L PVC-MPs), Group III (0.85 mg/L Copper), and Group IV (0.5 mg/L PVC-MPs + 0.85 mg/L Copper). The treatment period was 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Various liver parameters were assessed according to standard protocols to understand the repercussions of intoxication. A significant (p < 0.05) increment in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) pointed to a substantial rise in oxidative stress. Enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed significantly (p < 0.05) elevated extents while reduced glutathione (GSH) levels significantly (p < 0.05) dropped in a duration-dependent pattern. Additionally, lipid peroxidation (LPO) activities surged significantly (p < 0.05), and notable hepato-structural disruptions were observed. The evidence of liver damage was further verified by a significant (p < 0.05) rise in concentrations of hepatic biomarkers viz. Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Moreover, ER-stress was validated through the increased intracellular calcium levels along with the heightened expression of grp78, chop, atf4, perk, eIF2α, and gadd34 in exposed groups. This intricate cascade subsequently elicited the activation of bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, and apaf-1, while modulation of bcl-2, thereby driving hepatocyte-apoptosis via ER-stress response in C. punctatus, a widely consumed food-fish. Our findings underscore the toxic threats of Copper-laden PVC-MPs to aquatic life and potentially the broader ecosystem.
{"title":"“Copper-loaded microplastics unleash endoplasmic reticulum stress-driven liver apoptosis in fish Channa punctatus”","authors":"Jumman Bakhasha , Vaishnavi Saxena , Neeti Arya , Pradeep Kumar , Alok Srivastava , Kamlesh K. Yadav , Abha Trivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive use of plastics has led to significant microplastic pollution, posing threats to environmental and human health. Concerns are growing about the toxicity of microplastics (MPs) and their ability to adsorb contaminants like Copper (Cu<sup>2+</sup>). Therefore, this study investigated the effects of environmentally realistic concentrations of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)-MPs and Copper, both individually and together, with a particular focus on triggering Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-driven apoptosis in the liver of <em>Channa punctatus.</em> Well-habituated fish were organized into four groups: Group I (Control), Group II (0.5 mg/L PVC-MPs), Group III (0.85 mg/L Copper), and Group IV (0.5 mg/L PVC-MPs + 0.85 mg/L Copper). The treatment period was 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Various liver parameters were assessed according to standard protocols to understand the repercussions of intoxication. A significant (<em>p</em> < 0.05) increment in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) pointed to a substantial rise in oxidative stress. Enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed significantly (<em>p</em> < 0.05) elevated extents while reduced glutathione (GSH) levels significantly (<em>p</em> < 0.05) dropped in a duration-dependent pattern. Additionally, lipid peroxidation (LPO) activities surged significantly (<em>p</em> < 0.05), and notable hepato-structural disruptions were observed. The evidence of liver damage was further verified by a significant (<em>p</em> < 0.05) rise in concentrations of hepatic biomarkers viz. Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Moreover, ER-stress was validated through the increased intracellular calcium levels along with the heightened expression of <em>grp78, chop, atf4, perk, eIF2α,</em> and <em>gadd34</em> in exposed groups. This intricate cascade subsequently elicited the activation of <em>bax, caspase-3, caspase-9</em>, and <em>apaf-1</em>, while modulation of <em>bcl-2</em>, thereby driving hepatocyte-apoptosis via ER-stress response in <em>C. punctatus</em>, a widely consumed food-fish. Our findings underscore the toxic threats of Copper-laden PVC-MPs to aquatic life and potentially the broader ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100422"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100419
Ali Feezan , Samina Afzal , Syed Muhammad Shoaib , Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash , Kanwal Rehman , Ahmed Nadeem , Sabry M. Attia , Asif Shahzad
Environmental exposure to heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni), is implicated in chronic metabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). This cross-sectional study assessed the Pb and Ni levels in groundwater using ICP-OES and urine samples collected from 2688 participants using ICP-MS. We aimed to establish the associations between Pb and Ni exposure and risk factors for DM and metabolic disorders. Groundwater analysis revealed the elevated levels of total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, hardness, turbidity, Ni, and Pb, exceeding the WHO guidelines. The mean concentration of Pb in groundwater samples of study area was 0.025 mg/L which was higher than the WHO permissible limit of 0.01 mg/L. Similarly the mean concentration of Ni in groundwater samples of study area was 0.038 mg/L which was also higher than the WHO permissible limit of 0.02 mg/L. In human study, participants, categorized into Pb-detected and Ni-detected groups, exhibited significantly higher Pb and Ni levels and non-exposed non-diabetic groups. Ni-detected diabetics showed elevated Ni levels compared to non-exposed non-diabetics. Similarly, Pb-detected diabetics showed elevated Pb levels compared to non-exposed non-diabetics. These findings suggest a potential contribution of Pb and Ni exposure to DM development. The study also identified associations between heavy metal exposure and disruptions in various biomarkers related to DM, lipid profile, inflammation, oxidative stress, liver function, and kidney function. Pb-detected diabetics demonstrated elevated levels of glycemic index biomarkers, including fasting blood glucose (P < 0.0001) and HbA1c (P < 0.0001). Ni-detected diabetics exhibited increased inflammatory markers, such as CRP (P < 0.0001) and IL-6 (P < 0.0001). Both Pb and Ni exposure were associated with dyslipidemia, as indicated by elevated levels of total cholesterol (P < 0.0001) and LDL (P < 0.0001). Additionally, heavy metal exposure was linked to impaired liver and kidney function, supported by elevated levels of AST (P < 0.0001), ALT (P < 0.0001), creatinine (P < 0.0001), and blood urea nitrogen (P < 0.0001), with Pb exposure also associated with higher levels of MDA (P < 0.0001). Correlation analyses demonstrated significant associations between urinary Pb and Ni concentrations and various biomarkers related to DM and metabolic disorders. In conclusion, this study provides substantial evidence linking Pb and Ni exposure to the development of DM and metabolic disorders in a Pakistani population, emphasizing the need for strict regulations and preventive measures to reduce heavy metal contamination and safeguard public health. Future longitudinal studies and interventions are warranted to elucidate mechanistic links between heavy metal exposure and metabolic diseases.
{"title":"Impact of lead and nickel contamination on metabolic health: Associations with diabetes mellitus in a pakistani cohort","authors":"Ali Feezan , Samina Afzal , Syed Muhammad Shoaib , Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash , Kanwal Rehman , Ahmed Nadeem , Sabry M. Attia , Asif Shahzad","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental exposure to heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni), is implicated in chronic metabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). This cross-sectional study assessed the Pb and Ni levels in groundwater using ICP-OES and urine samples collected from 2688 participants using ICP-MS. We aimed to establish the associations between Pb and Ni exposure and risk factors for DM and metabolic disorders. Groundwater analysis revealed the elevated levels of total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, hardness, turbidity, Ni, and Pb, exceeding the WHO guidelines. The mean concentration of Pb in groundwater samples of study area was 0.025 mg/L which was higher than the WHO permissible limit of 0.01 mg/L. Similarly the mean concentration of Ni in groundwater samples of study area was 0.038 mg/L which was also higher than the WHO permissible limit of 0.02 mg/L. In human study, participants, categorized into Pb-detected and Ni-detected groups, exhibited significantly higher Pb and Ni levels and non-exposed non-diabetic groups. Ni-detected diabetics showed elevated Ni levels compared to non-exposed non-diabetics. Similarly, Pb-detected diabetics showed elevated Pb levels compared to non-exposed non-diabetics. These findings suggest a potential contribution of Pb and Ni exposure to DM development. The study also identified associations between heavy metal exposure and disruptions in various biomarkers related to DM, lipid profile, inflammation, oxidative stress, liver function, and kidney function. Pb-detected diabetics demonstrated elevated levels of glycemic index biomarkers, including fasting blood glucose (<em>P</em> < 0.0001) and HbA1c (<em>P</em> < 0.0001). Ni-detected diabetics exhibited increased inflammatory markers, such as CRP (<em>P</em> < 0.0001) and IL-6 (<em>P</em> < 0.0001). Both Pb and Ni exposure were associated with dyslipidemia, as indicated by elevated levels of total cholesterol (<em>P</em> < 0.0001) and LDL (<em>P</em> < 0.0001). Additionally, heavy metal exposure was linked to impaired liver and kidney function, supported by elevated levels of AST (<em>P</em> < 0.0001), ALT (<em>P</em> < 0.0001), creatinine (<em>P</em> < 0.0001), and blood urea nitrogen (<em>P</em> < 0.0001), with Pb exposure also associated with higher levels of MDA (<em>P</em> < 0.0001). Correlation analyses demonstrated significant associations between urinary Pb and Ni concentrations and various biomarkers related to DM and metabolic disorders. In conclusion, this study provides substantial evidence linking Pb and Ni exposure to the development of DM and metabolic disorders in a Pakistani population, emphasizing the need for strict regulations and preventive measures to reduce heavy metal contamination and safeguard public health. Future longitudinal studies and interventions are warranted to elucidate mechanistic links between heavy metal exposure and metabolic diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100419"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100418
Maria Francisca Portilha-Cunha , Pedro Norton , Arminda Alves , Ana R.L. Ribeiro , Adrián M.T. Silva , Mónica S.F. Santos
Antineoplastic drugs (ADs) are hazardous medicinal products highlighted in the EU strategic framework on health and safety at work 2021–2027. To minimize workers' chronic exposure in oncologic settings, regular monitoring programs for these drugs are crucial and mandatory in the EU (Directive 2004/37/EC). No surveillance exists in Portugal, thus we intended to assess environmental contamination and to perform occupational exposure and risk graduation in a Portuguese tertiary hospital. Wipe sampling and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry were employed to analyze thirteen drugs of concern (bicalutamide, capecitabine, cyclophosphamide, cyproterone, doxorubicin, etoposide, flutamide, ifosfamide, imatinib, megestrol, mycophenolate mofetil, paclitaxel, prednisone), eight for the first time worldwide, in 152 surface samples over three sampling campaigns. Surface contamination before general cleaning (worst-case scenario) was higher and more widespread in the pharmacy (84%–98 % positive samples) than in the day-care hospital (40%–72 %). No samples were found above the “action limit” (10000 pg/cm2), but concentrations were frequently above the “safe”/alert level (100 pg/cm2), particularly for cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide (largest campaign's 90th percentiles: 2197 pg/cm2 and 1898 pg/cm2). Despite the approach's nuances, the maximum daily dermal intake calculated (1.6 μg/day, considering a single genotoxic drug) was lower than the acceptable daily intake. This study provided knowledge regarding surface contamination in a European hospital, where occupational exposure to some ADs of concern cannot be ruled out and follow-up monitoring is recommended, even if workers seem unlikely to develop cancer from handling them. Furthermore, this work contributes to the implementation of regular environmental monitoring programs for ADs in Portugal, enhancing compliance with EU recommendations.
{"title":"Antineoplastic drugs in healthcare settings: Occupational exposure and risk graduation","authors":"Maria Francisca Portilha-Cunha , Pedro Norton , Arminda Alves , Ana R.L. Ribeiro , Adrián M.T. Silva , Mónica S.F. Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antineoplastic drugs (ADs) are hazardous medicinal products highlighted in the EU strategic framework on health and safety at work 2021–2027. To minimize workers' chronic exposure in oncologic settings, regular monitoring programs for these drugs are crucial and mandatory in the EU (Directive 2004/37/EC). No surveillance exists in Portugal, thus we intended to assess environmental contamination and to perform occupational exposure and risk graduation in a Portuguese tertiary hospital. Wipe sampling and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry were employed to analyze thirteen drugs of concern (bicalutamide, capecitabine, cyclophosphamide, cyproterone, doxorubicin, etoposide, flutamide, ifosfamide, imatinib, megestrol, mycophenolate mofetil, paclitaxel, prednisone), eight for the first time worldwide, in 152 surface samples over three sampling campaigns. Surface contamination before general cleaning (worst-case scenario) was higher and more widespread in the pharmacy (84%–98 % positive samples) than in the day-care hospital (40%–72 %). No samples were found above the “action limit” (10000 pg/cm<sup>2</sup>), but concentrations were frequently above the “safe”/alert level (100 pg/cm<sup>2</sup>), particularly for cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide (largest campaign's 90th percentiles: 2197 pg/cm<sup>2</sup> and 1898 pg/cm<sup>2</sup>). Despite the approach's nuances, the maximum daily dermal intake calculated (1.6 μg/day, considering a single genotoxic drug) was lower than the acceptable daily intake. This study provided knowledge regarding surface contamination in a European hospital, where occupational exposure to some ADs of concern cannot be ruled out and follow-up monitoring is recommended, even if workers seem unlikely to develop cancer from handling them. Furthermore, this work contributes to the implementation of regular environmental monitoring programs for ADs in Portugal, enhancing compliance with EU recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100418"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100417
Muneera Al-Mansoori, Mia Stephenson, Stuart Harrad, Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah
There is increasing concern for public health over inadvertent human exposure to MPs due to potential adverse health effects linked to MPs polymeric composition, toxic chemical additives, and/or harmful microorganisms adsorbing onto their surfaces. While numerous studies have reported MPs occurrence and risk in the freshwater aquatic environment and drinking water sources (e.g., rivers, lakes, and reservoirs), the current state-of-knowledge on MPs pollution in drinking water (i.e., tap water and bottled water) remains limited at a global level. This paper provides the first comprehensive study of the occurrence, concentrations, size distribution, shape, and polymer type of MPs in 177 tap water samples from 13 cities in the United Kingdom, as well as 85 samples of bottled water from 17 popular brands, with various packaging materials, on the UK market.
MPs were detected in all tap water samples (range 6–100 MP/L) and bottled water samples (range 12–62 MP/L). Average MPs concentration in tap water (40 ± 16 MP/L) was statistically indistinguishable from that in bottled water (37 ± 11 MP/L). However, the average MPs particle size in tap water (32.4 μm) exceeded significantly (p < 0.05) that in bottled water (26.5 μm), indicating the various purification processes applied to bottled water may help remove larger MPs, but raises concern over the potential adverse health effects from exposure to smaller MPs. The most frequently detected polymer types were: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in tap water, and PE, PP and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in bottled water. A strong correlation was observed (r = 0.68, P = 0.049) between the plastic cap material (PE) and the predominant polymer type in the bottled water. In terms of morphology, fragments and fibres were the most abundant MPs, together constituting 92 % and 96 % of MPs detected in tap and bottled water samples, respectively.
Using EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) recommended daily water intakes, the corresponding exposures to MPs in different UK age groups were estimated. On a body weight (BW) basis, infants and toddlers were exposed (4 MP/kg BW/day) at a higher level than adults (1 MP/kg BW/day). This raises concern, given the former's incompletely developed immune/nervous systems rendering them at higher risk of adverse health effects from such exposure.
{"title":"Synthetic Microplastics in UK tap and bottled water; Implications for human exposure","authors":"Muneera Al-Mansoori, Mia Stephenson, Stuart Harrad, Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is increasing concern for public health over inadvertent human exposure to MPs due to potential adverse health effects linked to MPs polymeric composition, toxic chemical additives, and/or harmful microorganisms adsorbing onto their surfaces. While numerous studies have reported MPs occurrence and risk in the freshwater aquatic environment and drinking water sources (e.g., rivers, lakes, and reservoirs), the current state-of-knowledge on MPs pollution in drinking water (i.e., tap water and bottled water) remains limited at a global level. This paper provides the first comprehensive study of the occurrence, concentrations, size distribution, shape, and polymer type of MPs in 177 tap water samples from 13 cities in the United Kingdom, as well as 85 samples of bottled water from 17 popular brands, with various packaging materials, on the UK market.</div><div>MPs were detected in all tap water samples (range 6–100 MP/L) and bottled water samples (range 12–62 MP/L). Average MPs concentration in tap water (40 ± 16 MP/L) was statistically indistinguishable from that in bottled water (37 ± 11 MP/L). However, the average MPs particle size in tap water (32.4 μm) exceeded significantly (p < 0.05) that in bottled water (26.5 μm), indicating the various purification processes applied to bottled water may help remove larger MPs, but raises concern over the potential adverse health effects from exposure to smaller MPs. The most frequently detected polymer types were: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in tap water, and PE, PP and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in bottled water. A strong correlation was observed (<em>r</em> = 0.68, <em>P</em> = 0.049) between the plastic cap material (PE) and the predominant polymer type in the bottled water. In terms of morphology, fragments and fibres were the most abundant MPs, together constituting 92 % and 96 % of MPs detected in tap and bottled water samples, respectively.</div><div>Using EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) recommended daily water intakes, the corresponding exposures to MPs in different UK age groups were estimated. On a body weight (BW) basis, infants and toddlers were exposed (4 <em>MP/kg BW/day</em>) at a higher level than adults (1 <em>MP/kg BW/day</em>). This raises concern, given the former's incompletely developed immune/nervous systems rendering them at higher risk of adverse health effects from such exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100417"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100416
Fernanda Sobreira Silva , Maíra de Vasconcelos Lima , Dewson Rocha Pereira , Ana Maria Mendonça de Albuquerque Melo , Jorge Vinícius Fernandes Lima Cavalcanti , Ramón Raudel Peña Garcia , Alex Leandro Andrade de Lucena , Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz , Fernanda Araújo Honorato , Daniella Carla Napoleão
Population growth and the increase in the consumption of different pharmaceuticals combined with the insufficiency in the removal of these compounds by conventional treatments have contributed to the increase in the detection of these contaminants in aquatic matrices. Aiming to contribute in solving this problem, this promoted the degradation of a mixture of the drugs lamivudine and zidovudine in different matrices (aqueous solution and synthetic effluent) using the heterogeneous photo-Fenton process applying pyrite as a catalyst and artificial solar radiation. At the end of the treatment, degradations greater than 99 % were found for zidovudine in both matrices studied, while for lamivudine, 97 % and 94 % degradations were obtained for aqueous solution and synthetic effluent, in that order. In the investigation of toxic effects using Biomphalaria glabrata molluscs, embryotoxicity tests showed embryonic lethality in 100 % of individuals for all samples. Acute toxicity tests on adult molluscs resulted in mortality rates of 100 % (aqueous solution after treatment) and 50 % (synthetic effluent after treatment). Thus, to investigate cellular changes, genotoxicity analyses were carried out, and different degrees of DNA damage were observed, however, the highest level of damage to this organism was not observed. Therefore, B. glabrata demonstrated to be sensitive to toxic effects at the concentrations present in the matrices studied, providing evidence to predict the ecotoxicological potential of samples when released into aquatic ecosystems.
人口的增长和各种药物消费量的增加，再加上传统处理方法对这些化合物的去除效果不佳，导致在水生基质中检测到这些污染物的情况越来越多。为了解决这一问题，本研究以黄铁矿为催化剂，利用人工太阳辐射，采用异相光-芬顿工艺，促进了拉米夫定和齐多夫定混合物在不同基质（水溶液和合成污水）中的降解。处理结束时，发现齐多夫定在两种研究基质中的降解率均超过 99%，而拉米夫定在水溶液和合成污水中的降解率依次为 97% 和 94%。在使用水螅软体动物进行毒性影响调查时，胚胎毒性测试表明，所有样品中的胚胎致死率均为 100%。对成年软体动物进行的急性毒性测试显示，死亡率为 100%（处理后的水溶液）和 50%（处理后的合成污水）。因此，为了研究细胞的变化，进行了遗传毒性分析，观察到了不同程度的 DNA 损伤，但没有观察到对该生物的最高程度的损伤。因此，在所研究的基质中存在的浓度下，草履虫对毒性效应很敏感，这为预测样品释放到水生生态系统中时的生态毒性潜力提供了证据。
{"title":"Photocatalytic efficacy of pyrite in the degradation of antiretroviral drugs: Biomphalaria glabrata as a bioindicator of toxic and genotoxic effects","authors":"Fernanda Sobreira Silva , Maíra de Vasconcelos Lima , Dewson Rocha Pereira , Ana Maria Mendonça de Albuquerque Melo , Jorge Vinícius Fernandes Lima Cavalcanti , Ramón Raudel Peña Garcia , Alex Leandro Andrade de Lucena , Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz , Fernanda Araújo Honorato , Daniella Carla Napoleão","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Population growth and the increase in the consumption of different pharmaceuticals combined with the insufficiency in the removal of these compounds by conventional treatments have contributed to the increase in the detection of these contaminants in aquatic matrices. Aiming to contribute in solving this problem, this promoted the degradation of a mixture of the drugs lamivudine and zidovudine in different matrices (aqueous solution and synthetic effluent) using the heterogeneous photo-Fenton process applying pyrite as a catalyst and artificial solar radiation. At the end of the treatment, degradations greater than 99 % were found for zidovudine in both matrices studied, while for lamivudine, 97 % and 94 % degradations were obtained for aqueous solution and synthetic effluent, in that order. In the investigation of toxic effects using <em>Biomphalaria glabrata</em> molluscs, embryotoxicity tests showed embryonic lethality in 100 % of individuals for all samples. Acute toxicity tests on adult molluscs resulted in mortality rates of 100 % (aqueous solution after treatment) and 50 % (synthetic effluent after treatment). Thus, to investigate cellular changes, genotoxicity analyses were carried out, and different degrees of DNA damage were observed, however, the highest level of damage to this organism was not observed. Therefore, <em>B. glabrata</em> demonstrated to be sensitive to toxic effects at the concentrations present in the matrices studied, providing evidence to predict the ecotoxicological potential of samples when released into aquatic ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100416"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pesticides are reported to be teratogenic for non-target species. Our studies have unraveled the teratogenicity of 50 % Chlorpyrifos & 5 % Cypermethrin combination (Ci) in developing chick embryos. A sub-lethal dose of this combination when administered to chick embryos, caused several developmental anomalies, with defects in eye development being frequent. Eye development begins at an early embryonic stage, with Sonic hedgehog (Shh) serving as a crucial signaling molecule. Shh plays a pivotal role in the early development of multiple organs, including the eye, by interacting with Pax6 and other regulatory molecules to guide the proper patterning of the eye. Thus, we hypothesized that Ci administration may lead to alteration in Shh expression which subsequently hampers downstream signaling molecules potentially contributing to congenital eye defects. Morphological, anatomical, histological, transcriptional and protein level analyses at various stages (Days 1,2,4 and 10) were carried out to evaluate the hypothesis. The results revealed a remarkable alteration of key regulators in treated embryos compared to control, providing insights into plausible causative mechanisms underlying Ci-induced congenital eye defects.
据报道，农药对非目标物种有致畸作用。我们的研究揭示了 50% 毒死蜱和amp；5% 氯氰菊酯组合（Ci）对发育中的小鸡胚胎的致畸性。在对小鸡胚胎施用亚致死剂量的该组合物时，会导致多种发育异常，其中以眼睛发育缺陷最为常见。眼睛的发育始于胚胎的早期阶段，其中音速刺猬（Shh）是一个关键的信号分子。Shh通过与Pax6和其他调控分子相互作用来引导眼球的正常模式化，从而在包括眼球在内的多个器官的早期发育中发挥关键作用。因此，我们假设 Ci 的施用可能会导致 Shh 表达的改变，进而阻碍下游信号分子的表达，从而可能导致先天性眼部缺陷。为了评估这一假设，我们在不同阶段（第1、2、4和10天）进行了形态学、解剖学、组织学、转录和蛋白质水平分析。结果表明，与对照组相比，经处理的胚胎中关键调节因子发生了显著变化，这为研究 Ci- 诱发先天性眼缺陷的合理致病机制提供了启示。
{"title":"Chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin combination disrupts sonic hedgehog signaling and associated regulatory molecules, leading to congenital eye defects in chick embryos","authors":"Shashikant Sharma , Juhi Vaishnav , Pooja Raval , Suresh Balakrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pesticides are reported to be teratogenic for non-target species. Our studies have unraveled the teratogenicity of 50 % Chlorpyrifos & 5 % Cypermethrin combination (Ci) in developing chick embryos. A sub-lethal dose of this combination when administered to chick embryos, caused several developmental anomalies, with defects in eye development being frequent. Eye development begins at an early embryonic stage, with Sonic hedgehog (Shh) serving as a crucial signaling molecule. Shh plays a pivotal role in the early development of multiple organs, including the eye, by interacting with Pax6 and other regulatory molecules to guide the proper patterning of the eye. Thus, we hypothesized that Ci administration may lead to alteration in <em>Shh</em> expression which subsequently hampers downstream signaling molecules potentially contributing to congenital eye defects. Morphological, anatomical, histological, transcriptional and protein level analyses at various stages (Days 1,2,4 and 10) were carried out to evaluate the hypothesis. The results revealed a remarkable alteration of key regulators in treated embryos compared to control, providing insights into plausible causative mechanisms underlying Ci-induced congenital eye defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100414"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100415
Qiqing Yu , Weijiao Liu , Likang Zhao , Xiangzhen Zhu , Punniyakotti Elumalai , Li Wang , Kaixin Zhang , Dongyang Li , Jichao Ji , Liang Jin , Junyu Luo , Jinjie Cui , Xueke Gao
Imidacloprid is a potent neonicotinoid insecticide that exerts control over cotton aphids. Binodoxys communis is the predominant parasitic threat to cotton aphids, serving as a crucial biological means to control cotton aphids. Imidacloprid has been Sprayed to control cotton aphids, but it also causes toxic effects on the natural enemies of cotton aphids, such as parasitic wasps, Binodoxys communis. However, the sublethal impact of imidacloprid on parasitic antagonists has remained unclear. This study sought to investigate the sublethal effects of imidacloprid on B. communis at the biological phenotype and transcriptional level, as well as the impact of imidacloprid on the microbial composition in the B. communis. Our research indicated that the sublethal dosages of imidacloprid imparted significant biologic adverse impacts on B. communis, including extended larval and pupal stages, as well as reduced parasitism and emergence rates. Following treatment with imidacloprid, transcriptomic analysis identified 1263 significantly differentially expressed genes. These differentially expressed genes were predominantly annotated in metabolic routes, and the annotated genes mainly belong to the fatty acid metabolism pathway, the carbon metabolism pathway, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway. 16S rDNA sequencing results showed significant changes in the composition of the microbial community in B. communis after exposure to imidacloprid. A total of 14 bacteria exhibiting the highest abundance in parasitic wasps were found, and the microbiota abundance of Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Streptomyces, Helicobacter, and Prevotellaceae UCG_001 was noticeably reduced, while Lactobacillus, Escherichia Shigella, Ligilactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae, Rikenellaceae RC9_gut_group, Erysipelatoclostridium, Acinetobacter, Enterococcus, and Aquabacterium were significantly elevated. By evaluating the enrichment pathways of microbial functions, it was found that the microbial functions with significant changes in proportion were mainly annotated to the carbon, fatty acid, and amino acid (aa) metabolic pathways, which was consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. This finding mirrored transcriptome analysis results. According to transcriptomics analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing data, imidacloprid limits changes in metabolic pathways of B. communis, including fatty acid metabolism, impacting the development and parasitic competence of B. communis. Accordingly, the gene expression linked to detoxification and the cytochrome P450 gene family was significantly elevated at 1 h and significantly declined after three days.
{"title":"Assessing the effects of imidacloprid exposure on the microbiota of Binodoxys communis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and gene expression","authors":"Qiqing Yu , Weijiao Liu , Likang Zhao , Xiangzhen Zhu , Punniyakotti Elumalai , Li Wang , Kaixin Zhang , Dongyang Li , Jichao Ji , Liang Jin , Junyu Luo , Jinjie Cui , Xueke Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imidacloprid is a potent neonicotinoid insecticide that exerts control over cotton aphids. <em>Binodoxys communis</em> is the predominant parasitic threat to cotton aphids, serving as a crucial biological means to control cotton aphids. Imidacloprid has been Sprayed to control cotton aphids, but it also causes toxic effects on the natural enemies of cotton aphids, such as parasitic wasps, <em>Binodoxys communis</em>. However, the sublethal impact of imidacloprid on parasitic antagonists has remained unclear. This study sought to investigate the sublethal effects of imidacloprid on <em>B. communis</em> at the biological phenotype and transcriptional level, as well as the impact of imidacloprid on the microbial composition in the <em>B. communis</em>. Our research indicated that the sublethal dosages of imidacloprid imparted significant biologic adverse impacts on <em>B. communis</em>, including extended larval and pupal stages, as well as reduced parasitism and emergence rates. Following treatment with imidacloprid, transcriptomic analysis identified 1263 significantly differentially expressed genes. These differentially expressed genes were predominantly annotated in metabolic routes, and the annotated genes mainly belong to the fatty acid metabolism pathway, the carbon metabolism pathway, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway. 16S rDNA sequencing results showed significant changes in the composition of the microbial community in <em>B. communis</em> after exposure to imidacloprid. A total of 14 bacteria exhibiting the highest abundance in parasitic wasps were found, and the microbiota abundance of <em>Akkermansia</em>, <em>Bacteroides</em>, <em>Streptomyces</em>, <em>Helicobacter</em>, and <em>Prevotellaceae UCG_001</em> was noticeably reduced, while <em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Escherichia Shigella</em>, <em>Ligilactobacillus</em>, <em>Lachnospiraceae</em>, <em>Rikenellaceae RC9_gut_group</em>, E<em>rysipelatoclostridium</em>, <em>Acinetobacter</em>, <em>Enterococcus</em>, and <em>Aquabacterium</em> were significantly elevated. By evaluating the enrichment pathways of microbial functions, it was found that the microbial functions with significant changes in proportion were mainly annotated to the carbon, fatty acid, and amino acid (aa) metabolic pathways, which was consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. This finding mirrored transcriptome analysis results. According to transcriptomics analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing data, imidacloprid limits changes in metabolic pathways of <em>B. communis</em>, including fatty acid metabolism, impacting the development and parasitic competence of <em>B. communis</em>. Accordingly, the gene expression linked to detoxification and the cytochrome P450 gene family was significantly elevated at 1 h and significantly declined after three days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100415"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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