Emerging Contaminants最新文献

{"title":"Global review of PCBs and chemical flame retardants in e-waste recycling sites: Addressing geographic imbalances","authors":"Moyofoluwa O. Ogunyemi ,&nbsp;Temilola O. Oluseyi ,&nbsp;Aderonke O. Oyeyiola ,&nbsp;Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah ,&nbsp;Stuart Harrad","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Informal e-waste recycling poses substantial environmental and human health risks due to contamination by flame retardants (FRs) and related chemical additives. This study systematically reviews the status of research on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) in e-waste recycling sites, with a particular focus on concentration levels and geographic disparities in data availability. Only a few studies have been conducted in Africa and South America and there are significant gaps. This geographic imbalance and other factors impede accurate assessment and comprehensive understanding of global e-waste pollution and associated risks. In examining the concentrations of PCBs and FRs, the study finds notable variations across different countries. For instance, high levels of these toxic chemicals were reported in China and India, which are major hubs for e-waste recycling in Asia. Concentrations in these regions often exceed international safety standards, posing severe risks for workers and local communities. Conversely, data from Africa and South America are sparse, despite the growing presence of informal e-waste recycling activities in these continents. Factors driving these differences include the prevalence of informal recycling practices, variations in waste import volumes, regulatory gaps, and disparities in technological capacity for safe waste management. In developing countries, weaker enforcement of environmental laws and reliance on rudimentary recycling methods lead to higher levels of contamination. However, developed nations with stricter regulations and advanced technologies exhibit lower concentrations of these pollutants. While high concentrations of FRs are documented in environmental matrices, human biomonitoring and epidemiological studies are needed to correlate environmental concentrations with health outcomes, particularly for workers at e-waste sites. In summary, this review emphasizes the critical need for broader geographical coverage, standardized methodologies, and robust regulatory frameworks to mitigate the significant health and environmental risks associated with FRs and PCBs in e-waste recycling sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100426"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sewage sludge as soil amendment in arid soils - A trace metal, nutrient and trace organics perspective","authors":"Saif Uddin ,&nbsp;Mohammad Zaman ,&nbsp;Karell Martínez-Guijarro ,&nbsp;Mohammad Al-Murad ,&nbsp;Montaha Behbehani ,&nbsp;Nazima Habibi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Al-Mutairi","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sewage sludge management has emerged as a critical environmental challenge due to the large volumes generated globally. Valorization techniques, including energy production and agricultural applications, offer sustainable solutions, particularly in regions with low soil fertility. The sewage sludge utilization in the Middle East region is low. This paper presents a pragmatic risk-based assessment using the risk-based corrective action approach to evaluate sludge application in desert soils. This methodology focuses on the source-pathway-receptor interaction and assesses the likelihood of contaminants posing a real threat. In arid desert regions like Kuwait, where soil organic content and moisture are extremely low, the application of sewage sludge presents a feasible option to enhance soil quality and valorize unutilized sludge dumps which pose significant environmental concerns but are left to desiccate in the absence of any environmental regulation towards its utilization and due to religious apprehensions. Since the sludge characterization is not well detailed a brief review of the available data was included to establish the bounds of various organic, metal and nutrients that were used for generating the model. This study examines the changes in the physico-chemical properties of desert soils following sludge application, focusing on the likely fate of trace metals and organic contaminants. The alkaline desert soils of Kuwait, with a pH range of 7.7–8.9, are particularly suitable for sludge application due to the low mobility of metals in alkaline conditions. Additionally, sludge application lowers soil pH, improving conditions for plant growth. The region's deeper water table and scant annual precipitation (&lt;0.15 m) further reduce the risk of groundwater contamination and deeper soil profile contamination. The presence of organic content, nitrates, Zn, and Cu in sludge can promote native vegetation growth. However, trace organic contaminants, including PAHs, PCBs, and pharmaceuticals, pose a potential risk to soil contamination, but since the geological section shows intervening impervious layers the contamination is going to be localized, even if there is sufficient leachable fraction. Given the minimal risk of contamination under the unique conditions of arid regions, this approach highlights the potential for eco-friendly sludge valorization, that will improve vegetation cover and arrest the suspended particulate suspension. However, before the large-scale implementation of this modelled concept, a detailed experimental study on the pilot scale or lysimeters is recommended to assess the long-term impacts of sludge application and to obtain data that can inform policy guidelines for sustainable sludge management in desert environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100420"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: The role of ligninolytic enzymes and advances of biosensors for in-situ monitoring","authors":"Eshet Lakew Tesfaye ,&nbsp;Fekadu Mazengiaw Bogale ,&nbsp;Tadele Assefa Aragaw","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives are common pollutants that require effective remediation techniques. PAH biodegradation using bacterial and fungal enzymes has gained popularity because it effectively removes these contaminants. Ligninolytic enzymes (LEs), such as laccase (Lac), lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and versatile peroxidases (VPs), have been studied for their role in PAHs biodegradation. These enzymes, produced by different living organisms, have demonstrated significant potential in degrading complex PAH structures, contributing to cleaner and more sustainable remediation techniques. This review evaluates the biodegradation capacity of PAHs using different strains and/or their LEs and provides an in-depth analysis of their mechanisms and removal efficiencies. In addition, the fundamental catalytic mechanisms governing the biodegradation of PAHs and factors that must be optimized to promote effective breakdown and detoxification are highlighted. This review also highlights recent biosensor developments that provide enhanced sensitivity and specificity for PAH detection. Although some LE-producing strains are efficient in completely biodegrading certain PAH types, further research is needed to explore the complete biodegradation of PAHs with higher molecular structures using genetically modified strains or their LEs. Despite progress, challenges remain in optimizing enzyme activity and integrating biosensors into large-scale use. Future research should focus on enhancing stability and improving field deployment for better environmental monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100424"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive inventory of imports of electrical and electronic equipment and related plastics and POPs plastic additives into Nigeria in the past 32 years (1990–2022)","authors":"Joshua O. Babayemi ,&nbsp;Innocent C. Nnorom ,&nbsp;Roland Weber","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global management of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and related plastics, and the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) contained in it constitute a global challenge in particular for low-income countries in Africa where monitoring capacity and waste management infrastructure are lacking. While plastic recycling is highlighted as an important part of the solution to plastic pollution, such recycling is threatened by the presence of POPs. Overall, there is a lack of data on POPs in (W)EEE plastics with the exception of PBDEs. The objective of this study was to analyse the overall imports of (W)EEE into Nigeria and estimate the associated amount of plastics and POPs for better planning and management of WEEE plastics. This study assessed all EEE importation categories and compiled the importations of 28 EEE product groups with the highest importation, covering more than 98 % of officially imported EEE based on the United Nations Comtrade Database using harmonized system (HS) codes. The impact factors of POPs and plastic from the UNEP inventory guidance were used for the estimates. Overall, 4568 kilo-tonnes (kt) of EEE were officialy imported between 1990 and 2022 containing 1337 kt of plastic. If considering also the estimated imported WEEE and EEE not covered in the Comtrade statistics, the total imported (W)EEE is estimated to 12,259 kt including 3644 kt of plastics and an estimated 1043 t of hexaBDE/heptaBDE and 8511 t of DecaBDE as major POP additives, and lower levels of 154 t of HBCD, 91 t of SCCPs, 364 t of MCCP, and 146 t of Dechlorane Plus. The study is the first estimate of all major POPs in (W)EEE plastics in a low-income country and provides important information for their management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100423"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics aggravate zinc deficiency-induced inhibition of physiological-biochemical characteristics in apple rootstock Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd seedlings","authors":"Haoyan Xiao ,&nbsp;Hanxia Yu ,&nbsp;Adam Frew ,&nbsp;Wei Jiang ,&nbsp;Yusen Wu ,&nbsp;Cheng Wang ,&nbsp;Beidou Xi ,&nbsp;Wenbing Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Both microplastic (MP) pollution and zinc (Zn) deficiency have adverse effects on terrestrial plants. However, the combined effect of MPs and Zn deficiency on plant physiology remains unexplored. In this study, a pot-culture experiment and ¹³C stable isotope tracing technology were employed to investigate the combined effects of MPs and Zn deficiency on the growth, photosynthetic physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, as well as synthesis and distribution of photosynthetic products in <em>Malus hupehensis</em> (Pamp.) Rehd seedlings. The results revealed significant reductions in biomass, gas exchange parameters, carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities, and photosynthetic parameters including <em>F</em>_v/<em>F</em>_m, ΦPSII, ETR and <em>q</em>_p in seedlings subjected to both individual and joint treatments of MPs and Zn deficiency compared to the control group. Notably, the combined Zn deficiency and MPs exhibited a more pronounced inhibitory effect on root biomass (RR = −0.42) compared to the single Zn deficiency (RR = −0.37) and MP (RR = −0.26) treatments. Random forest analysis indicated that chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics (37.5 %) had the greatest impact on biomass variation in seedlings, followed by ¹³C accumulation in various organs (26.7 %). MPs exacerbated the inhibition of photosynthesis (Pn and Gs) under Zn deficiency by suppressing chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (<em>F</em>_v/<em>F</em>_m and ΦPSII), further reducing ¹³C accumulation in roots. In conclusion, the addition of MPs intensified the suppression of photosynthetic parameters caused by Zn deficiency, weakened the carbon assimilation capacity of leaves, and hindered the synthesis of photosynthetic products in leaves and their transport to roots, thereby further inhibiting root growth. This study reveals the combined stress of MP pollution and Zn deficiency on terrestrial plants, deepens our understanding of potential ecological risks, and provides scientific basis for the development of effective mitigation measures to protect plant ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100421"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Copper-loaded microplastics unleash endoplasmic reticulum stress-driven liver apoptosis in fish Channa punctatus”","authors":"Jumman Bakhasha ,&nbsp;Vaishnavi Saxena ,&nbsp;Neeti Arya ,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar ,&nbsp;Alok Srivastava ,&nbsp;Kamlesh K. Yadav ,&nbsp;Abha Trivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive use of plastics has led to significant microplastic pollution, posing threats to environmental and human health. Concerns are growing about the toxicity of microplastics (MPs) and their ability to adsorb contaminants like Copper (Cu²⁺). Therefore, this study investigated the effects of environmentally realistic concentrations of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)-MPs and Copper, both individually and together, with a particular focus on triggering Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-driven apoptosis in the liver of <em>Channa punctatus.</em> Well-habituated fish were organized into four groups: Group I (Control), Group II (0.5 mg/L PVC-MPs), Group III (0.85 mg/L Copper), and Group IV (0.5 mg/L PVC-MPs + 0.85 mg/L Copper). The treatment period was 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Various liver parameters were assessed according to standard protocols to understand the repercussions of intoxication. A significant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) increment in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) pointed to a substantial rise in oxidative stress. Enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) elevated extents while reduced glutathione (GSH) levels significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) dropped in a duration-dependent pattern. Additionally, lipid peroxidation (LPO) activities surged significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), and notable hepato-structural disruptions were observed. The evidence of liver damage was further verified by a significant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) rise in concentrations of hepatic biomarkers viz. Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Moreover, ER-stress was validated through the increased intracellular calcium levels along with the heightened expression of <em>grp78, chop, atf4, perk, eIF2α,</em> and <em>gadd34</em> in exposed groups. This intricate cascade subsequently elicited the activation of <em>bax, caspase-3, caspase-9</em>, and <em>apaf-1</em>, while modulation of <em>bcl-2</em>, thereby driving hepatocyte-apoptosis via ER-stress response in <em>C. punctatus</em>, a widely consumed food-fish. Our findings underscore the toxic threats of Copper-laden PVC-MPs to aquatic life and potentially the broader ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100422"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of lead and nickel contamination on metabolic health: Associations with diabetes mellitus in a pakistani cohort","authors":"Ali Feezan ,&nbsp;Samina Afzal ,&nbsp;Syed Muhammad Shoaib ,&nbsp;Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash ,&nbsp;Kanwal Rehman ,&nbsp;Ahmed Nadeem ,&nbsp;Sabry M. Attia ,&nbsp;Asif Shahzad","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental exposure to heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni), is implicated in chronic metabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). This cross-sectional study assessed the Pb and Ni levels in groundwater using ICP-OES and urine samples collected from 2688 participants using ICP-MS. We aimed to establish the associations between Pb and Ni exposure and risk factors for DM and metabolic disorders. Groundwater analysis revealed the elevated levels of total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, hardness, turbidity, Ni, and Pb, exceeding the WHO guidelines. The mean concentration of Pb in groundwater samples of study area was 0.025 mg/L which was higher than the WHO permissible limit of 0.01 mg/L. Similarly the mean concentration of Ni in groundwater samples of study area was 0.038 mg/L which was also higher than the WHO permissible limit of 0.02 mg/L. In human study, participants, categorized into Pb-detected and Ni-detected groups, exhibited significantly higher Pb and Ni levels and non-exposed non-diabetic groups. Ni-detected diabetics showed elevated Ni levels compared to non-exposed non-diabetics. Similarly, Pb-detected diabetics showed elevated Pb levels compared to non-exposed non-diabetics. These findings suggest a potential contribution of Pb and Ni exposure to DM development. The study also identified associations between heavy metal exposure and disruptions in various biomarkers related to DM, lipid profile, inflammation, oxidative stress, liver function, and kidney function. Pb-detected diabetics demonstrated elevated levels of glycemic index biomarkers, including fasting blood glucose (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) and HbA1c (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). Ni-detected diabetics exhibited increased inflammatory markers, such as CRP (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) and IL-6 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). Both Pb and Ni exposure were associated with dyslipidemia, as indicated by elevated levels of total cholesterol (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) and LDL (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). Additionally, heavy metal exposure was linked to impaired liver and kidney function, supported by elevated levels of AST (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), ALT (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), creatinine (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), and blood urea nitrogen (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), with Pb exposure also associated with higher levels of MDA (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). Correlation analyses demonstrated significant associations between urinary Pb and Ni concentrations and various biomarkers related to DM and metabolic disorders. In conclusion, this study provides substantial evidence linking Pb and Ni exposure to the development of DM and metabolic disorders in a Pakistani population, emphasizing the need for strict regulations and preventive measures to reduce heavy metal contamination and safeguard public health. Future longitudinal studies and interventions are warranted to elucidate mechanistic links between heavy metal exposure and metabolic diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100419"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antineoplastic drugs in healthcare settings: Occupational exposure and risk graduation","authors":"Maria Francisca Portilha-Cunha ,&nbsp;Pedro Norton ,&nbsp;Arminda Alves ,&nbsp;Ana R.L. Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Adrián M.T. Silva ,&nbsp;Mónica S.F. Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antineoplastic drugs (ADs) are hazardous medicinal products highlighted in the EU strategic framework on health and safety at work 2021–2027. To minimize workers' chronic exposure in oncologic settings, regular monitoring programs for these drugs are crucial and mandatory in the EU (Directive 2004/37/EC). No surveillance exists in Portugal, thus we intended to assess environmental contamination and to perform occupational exposure and risk graduation in a Portuguese tertiary hospital. Wipe sampling and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry were employed to analyze thirteen drugs of concern (bicalutamide, capecitabine, cyclophosphamide, cyproterone, doxorubicin, etoposide, flutamide, ifosfamide, imatinib, megestrol, mycophenolate mofetil, paclitaxel, prednisone), eight for the first time worldwide, in 152 surface samples over three sampling campaigns. Surface contamination before general cleaning (worst-case scenario) was higher and more widespread in the pharmacy (84%–98 % positive samples) than in the day-care hospital (40%–72 %). No samples were found above the “action limit” (10000 pg/cm²), but concentrations were frequently above the “safe”/alert level (100 pg/cm²), particularly for cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide (largest campaign's 90th percentiles: 2197 pg/cm² and 1898 pg/cm²). Despite the approach's nuances, the maximum daily dermal intake calculated (1.6 μg/day, considering a single genotoxic drug) was lower than the acceptable daily intake. This study provided knowledge regarding surface contamination in a European hospital, where occupational exposure to some ADs of concern cannot be ruled out and follow-up monitoring is recommended, even if workers seem unlikely to develop cancer from handling them. Furthermore, this work contributes to the implementation of regular environmental monitoring programs for ADs in Portugal, enhancing compliance with EU recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100418"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic Microplastics in UK tap and bottled water; Implications for human exposure","authors":"Muneera Al-Mansoori,&nbsp;Mia Stephenson,&nbsp;Stuart Harrad,&nbsp;Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is increasing concern for public health over inadvertent human exposure to MPs due to potential adverse health effects linked to MPs polymeric composition, toxic chemical additives, and/or harmful microorganisms adsorbing onto their surfaces. While numerous studies have reported MPs occurrence and risk in the freshwater aquatic environment and drinking water sources (e.g., rivers, lakes, and reservoirs), the current state-of-knowledge on MPs pollution in drinking water (i.e., tap water and bottled water) remains limited at a global level. This paper provides the first comprehensive study of the occurrence, concentrations, size distribution, shape, and polymer type of MPs in 177 tap water samples from 13 cities in the United Kingdom, as well as 85 samples of bottled water from 17 popular brands, with various packaging materials, on the UK market.</div><div>MPs were detected in all tap water samples (range 6–100 MP/L) and bottled water samples (range 12–62 MP/L). Average MPs concentration in tap water (40 ± 16 MP/L) was statistically indistinguishable from that in bottled water (37 ± 11 MP/L). However, the average MPs particle size in tap water (32.4 μm) exceeded significantly (p &lt; 0.05) that in bottled water (26.5 μm), indicating the various purification processes applied to bottled water may help remove larger MPs, but raises concern over the potential adverse health effects from exposure to smaller MPs. The most frequently detected polymer types were: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in tap water, and PE, PP and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in bottled water. A strong correlation was observed (<em>r</em> = 0.68, <em>P</em> = 0.049) between the plastic cap material (PE) and the predominant polymer type in the bottled water. In terms of morphology, fragments and fibres were the most abundant MPs, together constituting 92 % and 96 % of MPs detected in tap and bottled water samples, respectively.</div><div>Using EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) recommended daily water intakes, the corresponding exposures to MPs in different UK age groups were estimated. On a body weight (BW) basis, infants and toddlers were exposed (4 <em>MP/kg BW/day</em>) at a higher level than adults (1 <em>MP/kg BW/day</em>). This raises concern, given the former's incompletely developed immune/nervous systems rendering them at higher risk of adverse health effects from such exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100417"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic efficacy of pyrite in the degradation of antiretroviral drugs: Biomphalaria glabrata as a bioindicator of toxic and genotoxic effects","authors":"Fernanda Sobreira Silva ,&nbsp;Maíra de Vasconcelos Lima ,&nbsp;Dewson Rocha Pereira ,&nbsp;Ana Maria Mendonça de Albuquerque Melo ,&nbsp;Jorge Vinícius Fernandes Lima Cavalcanti ,&nbsp;Ramón Raudel Peña Garcia ,&nbsp;Alex Leandro Andrade de Lucena ,&nbsp;Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz ,&nbsp;Fernanda Araújo Honorato ,&nbsp;Daniella Carla Napoleão","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Population growth and the increase in the consumption of different pharmaceuticals combined with the insufficiency in the removal of these compounds by conventional treatments have contributed to the increase in the detection of these contaminants in aquatic matrices. Aiming to contribute in solving this problem, this promoted the degradation of a mixture of the drugs lamivudine and zidovudine in different matrices (aqueous solution and synthetic effluent) using the heterogeneous photo-Fenton process applying pyrite as a catalyst and artificial solar radiation. At the end of the treatment, degradations greater than 99 % were found for zidovudine in both matrices studied, while for lamivudine, 97 % and 94 % degradations were obtained for aqueous solution and synthetic effluent, in that order. In the investigation of toxic effects using <em>Biomphalaria glabrata</em> molluscs, embryotoxicity tests showed embryonic lethality in 100 % of individuals for all samples. Acute toxicity tests on adult molluscs resulted in mortality rates of 100 % (aqueous solution after treatment) and 50 % (synthetic effluent after treatment). Thus, to investigate cellular changes, genotoxicity analyses were carried out, and different degrees of DNA damage were observed, however, the highest level of damage to this organism was not observed. Therefore, <em>B. glabrata</em> demonstrated to be sensitive to toxic effects at the concentrations present in the matrices studied, providing evidence to predict the ecotoxicological potential of samples when released into aquatic ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100416"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}