Pesticides are reported to be teratogenic for non-target species. Our studies have unraveled the teratogenicity of 50 % Chlorpyrifos & 5 % Cypermethrin combination (Ci) in developing chick embryos. A sub-lethal dose of this combination when administered to chick embryos, caused several developmental anomalies, with defects in eye development being frequent. Eye development begins at an early embryonic stage, with Sonic hedgehog (Shh) serving as a crucial signaling molecule. Shh plays a pivotal role in the early development of multiple organs, including the eye, by interacting with Pax6 and other regulatory molecules to guide the proper patterning of the eye. Thus, we hypothesized that Ci administration may lead to alteration in Shh expression which subsequently hampers downstream signaling molecules potentially contributing to congenital eye defects. Morphological, anatomical, histological, transcriptional and protein level analyses at various stages (Days 1,2,4 and 10) were carried out to evaluate the hypothesis. The results revealed a remarkable alteration of key regulators in treated embryos compared to control, providing insights into plausible causative mechanisms underlying Ci-induced congenital eye defects.
据报道，农药对非目标物种有致畸作用。我们的研究揭示了 50% 毒死蜱和amp；5% 氯氰菊酯组合（Ci）对发育中的小鸡胚胎的致畸性。在对小鸡胚胎施用亚致死剂量的该组合物时，会导致多种发育异常，其中以眼睛发育缺陷最为常见。眼睛的发育始于胚胎的早期阶段，其中音速刺猬（Shh）是一个关键的信号分子。Shh通过与Pax6和其他调控分子相互作用来引导眼球的正常模式化，从而在包括眼球在内的多个器官的早期发育中发挥关键作用。因此，我们假设 Ci 的施用可能会导致 Shh 表达的改变，进而阻碍下游信号分子的表达，从而可能导致先天性眼部缺陷。为了评估这一假设，我们在不同阶段（第1、2、4和10天）进行了形态学、解剖学、组织学、转录和蛋白质水平分析。结果表明，与对照组相比，经处理的胚胎中关键调节因子发生了显著变化，这为研究 Ci- 诱发先天性眼缺陷的合理致病机制提供了启示。
{"title":"Chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin combination disrupts sonic hedgehog signaling and associated regulatory molecules, leading to congenital eye defects in chick embryos","authors":"Shashikant Sharma , Juhi Vaishnav , Pooja Raval , Suresh Balakrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pesticides are reported to be teratogenic for non-target species. Our studies have unraveled the teratogenicity of 50 % Chlorpyrifos & 5 % Cypermethrin combination (Ci) in developing chick embryos. A sub-lethal dose of this combination when administered to chick embryos, caused several developmental anomalies, with defects in eye development being frequent. Eye development begins at an early embryonic stage, with Sonic hedgehog (Shh) serving as a crucial signaling molecule. Shh plays a pivotal role in the early development of multiple organs, including the eye, by interacting with Pax6 and other regulatory molecules to guide the proper patterning of the eye. Thus, we hypothesized that Ci administration may lead to alteration in <em>Shh</em> expression which subsequently hampers downstream signaling molecules potentially contributing to congenital eye defects. Morphological, anatomical, histological, transcriptional and protein level analyses at various stages (Days 1,2,4 and 10) were carried out to evaluate the hypothesis. The results revealed a remarkable alteration of key regulators in treated embryos compared to control, providing insights into plausible causative mechanisms underlying Ci-induced congenital eye defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100414"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100415
Qiqing Yu , Weijiao Liu , Likang Zhao , Xiangzhen Zhu , Punniyakotti Elumalai , Li Wang , Kaixin Zhang , Dongyang Li , Jichao Ji , Liang Jin , Junyu Luo , Jinjie Cui , Xueke Gao
Imidacloprid is a potent neonicotinoid insecticide that exerts control over cotton aphids. Binodoxys communis is the predominant parasitic threat to cotton aphids, serving as a crucial biological means to control cotton aphids. Imidacloprid has been Sprayed to control cotton aphids, but it also causes toxic effects on the natural enemies of cotton aphids, such as parasitic wasps, Binodoxys communis. However, the sublethal impact of imidacloprid on parasitic antagonists has remained unclear. This study sought to investigate the sublethal effects of imidacloprid on B. communis at the biological phenotype and transcriptional level, as well as the impact of imidacloprid on the microbial composition in the B. communis. Our research indicated that the sublethal dosages of imidacloprid imparted significant biologic adverse impacts on B. communis, including extended larval and pupal stages, as well as reduced parasitism and emergence rates. Following treatment with imidacloprid, transcriptomic analysis identified 1263 significantly differentially expressed genes. These differentially expressed genes were predominantly annotated in metabolic routes, and the annotated genes mainly belong to the fatty acid metabolism pathway, the carbon metabolism pathway, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway. 16S rDNA sequencing results showed significant changes in the composition of the microbial community in B. communis after exposure to imidacloprid. A total of 14 bacteria exhibiting the highest abundance in parasitic wasps were found, and the microbiota abundance of Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Streptomyces, Helicobacter, and Prevotellaceae UCG_001 was noticeably reduced, while Lactobacillus, Escherichia Shigella, Ligilactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae, Rikenellaceae RC9_gut_group, Erysipelatoclostridium, Acinetobacter, Enterococcus, and Aquabacterium were significantly elevated. By evaluating the enrichment pathways of microbial functions, it was found that the microbial functions with significant changes in proportion were mainly annotated to the carbon, fatty acid, and amino acid (aa) metabolic pathways, which was consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. This finding mirrored transcriptome analysis results. According to transcriptomics analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing data, imidacloprid limits changes in metabolic pathways of B. communis, including fatty acid metabolism, impacting the development and parasitic competence of B. communis. Accordingly, the gene expression linked to detoxification and the cytochrome P450 gene family was significantly elevated at 1 h and significantly declined after three days.
{"title":"Assessing the effects of imidacloprid exposure on the microbiota of Binodoxys communis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and gene expression","authors":"Qiqing Yu , Weijiao Liu , Likang Zhao , Xiangzhen Zhu , Punniyakotti Elumalai , Li Wang , Kaixin Zhang , Dongyang Li , Jichao Ji , Liang Jin , Junyu Luo , Jinjie Cui , Xueke Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imidacloprid is a potent neonicotinoid insecticide that exerts control over cotton aphids. <em>Binodoxys communis</em> is the predominant parasitic threat to cotton aphids, serving as a crucial biological means to control cotton aphids. Imidacloprid has been Sprayed to control cotton aphids, but it also causes toxic effects on the natural enemies of cotton aphids, such as parasitic wasps, <em>Binodoxys communis</em>. However, the sublethal impact of imidacloprid on parasitic antagonists has remained unclear. This study sought to investigate the sublethal effects of imidacloprid on <em>B. communis</em> at the biological phenotype and transcriptional level, as well as the impact of imidacloprid on the microbial composition in the <em>B. communis</em>. Our research indicated that the sublethal dosages of imidacloprid imparted significant biologic adverse impacts on <em>B. communis</em>, including extended larval and pupal stages, as well as reduced parasitism and emergence rates. Following treatment with imidacloprid, transcriptomic analysis identified 1263 significantly differentially expressed genes. These differentially expressed genes were predominantly annotated in metabolic routes, and the annotated genes mainly belong to the fatty acid metabolism pathway, the carbon metabolism pathway, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway. 16S rDNA sequencing results showed significant changes in the composition of the microbial community in <em>B. communis</em> after exposure to imidacloprid. A total of 14 bacteria exhibiting the highest abundance in parasitic wasps were found, and the microbiota abundance of <em>Akkermansia</em>, <em>Bacteroides</em>, <em>Streptomyces</em>, <em>Helicobacter</em>, and <em>Prevotellaceae UCG_001</em> was noticeably reduced, while <em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Escherichia Shigella</em>, <em>Ligilactobacillus</em>, <em>Lachnospiraceae</em>, <em>Rikenellaceae RC9_gut_group</em>, E<em>rysipelatoclostridium</em>, <em>Acinetobacter</em>, <em>Enterococcus</em>, and <em>Aquabacterium</em> were significantly elevated. By evaluating the enrichment pathways of microbial functions, it was found that the microbial functions with significant changes in proportion were mainly annotated to the carbon, fatty acid, and amino acid (aa) metabolic pathways, which was consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. This finding mirrored transcriptome analysis results. According to transcriptomics analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing data, imidacloprid limits changes in metabolic pathways of <em>B. communis</em>, including fatty acid metabolism, impacting the development and parasitic competence of <em>B. communis</em>. Accordingly, the gene expression linked to detoxification and the cytochrome P450 gene family was significantly elevated at 1 h and significantly declined after three days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100415"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) is a promising, sustainable approach that converts plant biomass into valuable biocompatible antibacterial agents, providing sustainable solutions to mitigate toxic and hazardous chemicals. This review aims to examine the relationship among cited, citing publications, present themes and emerging research trends based on these selective keywords “green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity from 2007 to 2023”. The bibliographic data was retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database on July 02, 2023, yielding 1041 documents. Inclusion criteria were based on (Topic) which includes titles, abstract, keyword plus and author keywords. Document type (Articles), publication year (2007–2023) and language (English). Review articles, proceeding papers and book chapters were excluded. The bibliometric analysis employed science mapping techniques, including co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, and co-occurrence analysis of keywords, using the VOSviewer software. The findings highlight the need for a deeper understanding of the synthesis and antibacterial mechanisms of AgNPs, as well as the importance of optimizing the synthesis process to enhance production efficiency and stability while minimizing the use of toxic substances. The analysis identifies main keywords for future research, such as “leaf extracts”, “antioxidant activity”, “anticancer activity”, “in-vitro studies”, “metallic oxide nanoparticles”, and “zinc oxide nanoparticles”. These science mapping techniques provide a comprehensive overview of the thematic and intellectual landscape of the field. By utilizing co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, and co-word analysis, researchers can uncover core themes, emerging trends, and interconnections within the literature, offering a clearer understanding of the field's development and focus areas. Articles with higher total link strength indicate their influential nature and highly valued research content. Ultimately, our findings provide both theoretical and practical insights into the green synthesis of AgNPs using various plant extracts and their antibacterial properties.
{"title":"Bibliometric exploration of green synthesized silver nanoparticles for antibacterial activity","authors":"Abdulrahman Sani Aliero , Siti Halimah Hasmoni , Abdurrashid Haruna , Mustapha Isah , Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek , Nurliyana Ahmad Zawawi","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) is a promising, sustainable approach that converts plant biomass into valuable biocompatible antibacterial agents, providing sustainable solutions to mitigate toxic and hazardous chemicals. This review aims to examine the relationship among cited, citing publications, present themes and emerging research trends based on these selective keywords “green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity from 2007 to 2023”. The bibliographic data was retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database on July 02, 2023, yielding 1041 documents. Inclusion criteria were based on (Topic) which includes titles, abstract, keyword plus and author keywords. Document type (Articles), publication year (2007–2023) and language (English). Review articles, proceeding papers and book chapters were excluded. The bibliometric analysis employed science mapping techniques, including co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, and co-occurrence analysis of keywords, using the VOSviewer software. The findings highlight the need for a deeper understanding of the synthesis and antibacterial mechanisms of AgNPs, as well as the importance of optimizing the synthesis process to enhance production efficiency and stability while minimizing the use of toxic substances. The analysis identifies main keywords for future research, such as “leaf extracts”, “antioxidant activity”, “anticancer activity”, “in-vitro studies”, “metallic oxide nanoparticles”, and “zinc oxide nanoparticles”. These science mapping techniques provide a comprehensive overview of the thematic and intellectual landscape of the field. By utilizing co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, and co-word analysis, researchers can uncover core themes, emerging trends, and interconnections within the literature, offering a clearer understanding of the field's development and focus areas. Articles with higher total link strength indicate their influential nature and highly valued research content. Ultimately, our findings provide both theoretical and practical insights into the green synthesis of AgNPs using various plant extracts and their antibacterial properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100411"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024001124/pdfft?md5=5654741a256a7a6013ed3206f1e744d7&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024001124-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100413
Jianchao Liu , Yinuo Xie , Jinghua Ren , Lei Han , Chenyang Jing , Guanghua Lu , Jun Hou , Wenliang Ji
Per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFASs) contaminates the arable soil through multiple paths, and poses a threat to both farmland ecosystems and human health. In this study, the potential sources and distribution characteristics of 12 legacy PFASs in the soil and rivers for irrigation purposes were investigated in farmland systems, and the risks posed by PFASs to earthworm and aquatic organisms were also assessed. Based on field investigations in Yangtze River Basin, we found long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were the major contaminants in arable soil and rivers for irrigation purposes, with PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic acid) being the most dominant monomer. Concentration levels of PFASs in arable soil were strongly related to land use types, the average concentration of PFASs (341.18 ± 600.19 ng/g) in the paddy fields was 100-fold higher than that of dry fields (3.79 ± 4.11 ng/g). Source apportionment revealed that PFASs detected in paddy fields were mainly associated with industrial effluents, domestic sewage, and irrigation water. In rivers for irrigation purposes, higher PFASs contamination were primarily distributed in industrial areas, such as plastic processing, paper, textile and electronics factories. The PFASs in the irrigation river water posed a low-medium risk to daphnia and fish, while the PFASs (PFOA and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA)) in soil posed a medium-high risk to earthworms. These results provided insights that sewage irrigation caused serious pollution of PFASs in the agricultural environment, should be paid more attention.
{"title":"Occurrence characteristics, source analysis and ecological risk of PFASs in different cultivated soil at an urban scale in Yangtze River Basin","authors":"Jianchao Liu , Yinuo Xie , Jinghua Ren , Lei Han , Chenyang Jing , Guanghua Lu , Jun Hou , Wenliang Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFASs) contaminates the arable soil through multiple paths, and poses a threat to both farmland ecosystems and human health. In this study, the potential sources and distribution characteristics of 12 legacy PFASs in the soil and rivers for irrigation purposes were investigated in farmland systems, and the risks posed by PFASs to earthworm and aquatic organisms were also assessed. Based on field investigations in Yangtze River Basin, we found long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were the major contaminants in arable soil and rivers for irrigation purposes, with PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic acid) being the most dominant monomer. Concentration levels of PFASs in arable soil were strongly related to land use types, the average concentration of PFASs (341.18 ± 600.19 ng/g) in the paddy fields was 100-fold higher than that of dry fields (3.79 ± 4.11 ng/g). Source apportionment revealed that PFASs detected in paddy fields were mainly associated with industrial effluents, domestic sewage, and irrigation water. In rivers for irrigation purposes, higher PFASs contamination were primarily distributed in industrial areas, such as plastic processing, paper, textile and electronics factories. The PFASs in the irrigation river water posed a low-medium risk to daphnia and fish, while the PFASs (PFOA and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA)) in soil posed a medium-high risk to earthworms. These results provided insights that sewage irrigation caused serious pollution of PFASs in the agricultural environment, should be paid more attention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100413"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024001148/pdfft?md5=a6c9cb3ebfa345c7c67fcba69265907e&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024001148-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100412
Yi Huang , Yiming Ge , Chenglin Li , Linshen Xie , Xiujuan Qi , Pu Ye , Xixiang Guo , Chen Deng , Rong Hu , Jinling Wang , Yihong Liu , Bei Wang , Tingting Zhu , Shaoyou Lu
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are emerging flame retardants widely used in products such as furniture, electronic equipment, construction, and plastics. It has been demonstrated that OPEs are harmful to humans and aquatic organisms, thus posing a threat to ecosystems. Considering that reservoirs are critical sources of drinking water for residents in Southern China, this study quantified nine OPEs in water samples collected from 29 reservoirs and their tributaries. The temporal and spatial distributions of OPEs were analyzed and their ecological risks were assessed. The results showed an extensive presence of OPEs in reservoirs, and the median concentration of Σ9OPEs was much higher in the dry season (65.3 ng/L) than in the wet season (21.3 ng/L). Triisobutyl phosphate (TiBP) (median: 5.24 ng/L) and tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) (median: 10.8 ng/L) dominated in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Other OPEs varied considerably in concentrations over time, related to their physical and chemical properties, environmental factors (e.g., precipitation and temperature), and varied applications. Furthermore, the significant correlations of individual OPEs suggest their shared utilization, emission sources, and environmental behaviors. Spatially, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) among the Σ9OPEs concentrations in water samples from different sites (inlet, reservoir, outlet, and tributary) of the reservoirs. Additionally, the concentrations of OPEs in reservoir water samples could be linked to industrial development, economic conditions, and population density. OPEs in the reservoir pose low ecological risks (RQ < 0.1), except for EDHPP and TEHP, which present median ecological risks (RQ = 0.54 and 0.38, respectively). Future studies could investigate more OPEs and their joint effects with other organic pollutants, as well as survey the chemical reactions and degradation pathways of OPEs in different environmental matrices to assess their potential ecotoxicity more comprehensively.
{"title":"Organophosphate esters in reservoir water from a metropolitan city in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China, and their ecological risk","authors":"Yi Huang , Yiming Ge , Chenglin Li , Linshen Xie , Xiujuan Qi , Pu Ye , Xixiang Guo , Chen Deng , Rong Hu , Jinling Wang , Yihong Liu , Bei Wang , Tingting Zhu , Shaoyou Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are emerging flame retardants widely used in products such as furniture, electronic equipment, construction, and plastics. It has been demonstrated that OPEs are harmful to humans and aquatic organisms, thus posing a threat to ecosystems. Considering that reservoirs are critical sources of drinking water for residents in Southern China, this study quantified nine OPEs in water samples collected from 29 reservoirs and their tributaries. The temporal and spatial distributions of OPEs were analyzed and their ecological risks were assessed. The results showed an extensive presence of OPEs in reservoirs, and the median concentration of Σ<sub>9</sub>OPEs was much higher in the dry season (65.3 ng/L) than in the wet season (21.3 ng/L). Triisobutyl phosphate (TiBP) (median: 5.24 ng/L) and tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) (median: 10.8 ng/L) dominated in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Other OPEs varied considerably in concentrations over time, related to their physical and chemical properties, environmental factors (e.g., precipitation and temperature), and varied applications. Furthermore, the significant correlations of individual OPEs suggest their shared utilization, emission sources, and environmental behaviors. Spatially, there was no significant difference (<em>P</em> > 0.05) among the Σ<sub>9</sub>OPEs concentrations in water samples from different sites (inlet, reservoir, outlet, and tributary) of the reservoirs. Additionally, the concentrations of OPEs in reservoir water samples could be linked to industrial development, economic conditions, and population density. OPEs in the reservoir pose low ecological risks (RQ < 0.1), except for EDHPP and TEHP, which present median ecological risks (RQ = 0.54 and 0.38, respectively). Future studies could investigate more OPEs and their joint effects with other organic pollutants, as well as survey the chemical reactions and degradation pathways of OPEs in different environmental matrices to assess their potential ecotoxicity more comprehensively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100412"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024001136/pdfft?md5=bc998cdda6085abbe8f7e44f6d5f7959&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024001136-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100410
Wei Zhou , Mengmeng Li , Varenyam Achal
This review critically examines the multifaceted impacts of chemical pesticides on environmental ecosystems and human health, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable pest management practices. The widespread use of pesticides, such as organochlorine compounds (e.g., DDT, endrin) known for their persistence and bioaccumulation, poses significant risks to biodiversity, water quality, and food safety. By accumulating in the food chain, these substances threaten higher trophic levels and amplify the potential for adverse health outcomes, including acute poisoning, cancer, and neurological disorders. Specific examples such as glyphosate and atrazine illustrate the pervasive nature of pesticide contamination in various environments. Key findings include the association of pesticide exposure with increased risks of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Parkinson's disease, and the development of antibiotic resistance in microbial communities. The review discusses potential remediation methods, including physicochemical techniques like photodegradation and advanced oxidation processes, as well as bioremediation strategies involving microbial degradation. Photodegradation rates are influenced by environmental factors such as sunlight intensity, soil properties, and organic matter content. Bioremediation using specific microbial consortia has shown promise in degrading persistent pesticides, enhancing soil recovery. Emphasizing the importance of integrated pest management (IPM), enhanced regulatory frameworks, and user education, this review advocates for a strategic shift towards practices that minimize environmental harm and safeguard human health. Implementing these measures can significantly contribute to the advancement of sustainable agriculture by reducing pesticide reliance and promoting ecological balance.
{"title":"A comprehensive review on environmental and human health impacts of chemical pesticide usage","authors":"Wei Zhou , Mengmeng Li , Varenyam Achal","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review critically examines the multifaceted impacts of chemical pesticides on environmental ecosystems and human health, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable pest management practices. The widespread use of pesticides, such as organochlorine compounds (e.g., DDT, endrin) known for their persistence and bioaccumulation, poses significant risks to biodiversity, water quality, and food safety. By accumulating in the food chain, these substances threaten higher trophic levels and amplify the potential for adverse health outcomes, including acute poisoning, cancer, and neurological disorders. Specific examples such as glyphosate and atrazine illustrate the pervasive nature of pesticide contamination in various environments. Key findings include the association of pesticide exposure with increased risks of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Parkinson's disease, and the development of antibiotic resistance in microbial communities. The review discusses potential remediation methods, including physicochemical techniques like photodegradation and advanced oxidation processes, as well as bioremediation strategies involving microbial degradation. Photodegradation rates are influenced by environmental factors such as sunlight intensity, soil properties, and organic matter content. Bioremediation using specific microbial consortia has shown promise in degrading persistent pesticides, enhancing soil recovery. Emphasizing the importance of integrated pest management (IPM), enhanced regulatory frameworks, and user education, this review advocates for a strategic shift towards practices that minimize environmental harm and safeguard human health. Implementing these measures can significantly contribute to the advancement of sustainable agriculture by reducing pesticide reliance and promoting ecological balance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100410"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024001112/pdfft?md5=70bf5c24ce40066d8914158a898a1d66&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024001112-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142088281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100408
Muhammad Jahanzaib , Shambhavi Sharma , Duckshin Park
Microplastics in the air are becoming a concern, especially in indoor environments. Outdoor microplastics can travel from far spaces while indoor ones remain suspended and recirculate in the indoor environment. In this study, we collected air samples from the same buildings indoors and outdoors and observed the indoor microplastic concentration was 1.8 times higher than the outdoor. 24-hour sampling was performed with a mini-volume air sampler at the rate of 5 L/min. In this study, along with a comparison of indoor and outdoor concentrations, we also studied the microplastics' type size, and shape. We found that fiber-type microplastics account for nearly 90 % of the total and synthetic fibers. We also reported the 10 highest present microplastics are Polyethylene, Polyethersulfone, Polyamide, Polystyrene, Acrylic, Polyvinyl Chloride, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Alkyd, and Polyurethane. It is also observed the indoor ventilation rate plays a major role in the microplastic concentrations, long and periodic ventilation resulted in the lower concentration of the indoor microplastics. This study resulted in higher indoor air concentrations than outdoor and even in the outskirts of the metropolitan city which shows that indoor air concentrations are dependent on indoor sources and human activity.
{"title":"Microplastics comparison of indoor and outdoor air and ventilation rate effect in outskirts of the Seoul metropolitan city","authors":"Muhammad Jahanzaib , Shambhavi Sharma , Duckshin Park","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics in the air are becoming a concern, especially in indoor environments. Outdoor microplastics can travel from far spaces while indoor ones remain suspended and recirculate in the indoor environment. In this study, we collected air samples from the same buildings indoors and outdoors and observed the indoor microplastic concentration was 1.8 times higher than the outdoor. 24-hour sampling was performed with a mini-volume air sampler at the rate of 5 L/min. In this study, along with a comparison of indoor and outdoor concentrations, we also studied the microplastics' type size, and shape. We found that fiber-type microplastics account for nearly 90 % of the total and synthetic fibers. We also reported the 10 highest present microplastics are Polyethylene, Polyethersulfone, Polyamide, Polystyrene, Acrylic, Polyvinyl Chloride, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Alkyd, and Polyurethane. It is also observed the indoor ventilation rate plays a major role in the microplastic concentrations, long and periodic ventilation resulted in the lower concentration of the indoor microplastics. This study resulted in higher indoor air concentrations than outdoor and even in the outskirts of the metropolitan city which shows that indoor air concentrations are dependent on indoor sources and human activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100408"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100407
Fatemeh Momeniha , Hosna Janjani , Mina Aghaei , Mohammad Hadi Dehghani , Ali Salimifard , Suhas , Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
Municipal waste management and processing facilities produce various pollutants, including phthalic acid esters (PAEs), which are released into the environment depending on waste components, process type, and time elapsed. PAEs are widely used in industries, particularly in plastics, but their mismanagement poses risks to human health and the environment. The review aims to assess the levels of PAEs in different units of waste processing and management facilities and their health effects. This systematic review collected and analyzed studies investigating the levels of selected PAEs (DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, DEHP, and DNOP) in waste processing and management facilities. The databases of Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched from the inception of the studies up to Oct 14, 2022. Studies were screened, duplicates removed, and relevant studies selected independently by two reviewers. Data from the final articles were extracted according to the study's objectives. A total of 26 studies were analyzed to assess the levels of PAEs, focusing on landfill leachate, soil, air, surface, and groundwater. The findings revealed that approximately 37 % of the studies were conducted in landfills, with DEHP having the highest concentration of PAEs. Moreover, all reviewed studies reported DEHP as the most prevalent PAE in leachate. Around 23 % of the studies were conducted on air and soil media, with DEHP, DBP, and DEP identified as the primary phthalates, comprising over 94 % of all the studied phthalates.
The levels of PAEs in waste management facilities were often high, posing potential health risks to workers. Therefore, reducing plastic use and subsequently reducing waste generation should be considered as the priority action. Also, preventive measures such as dust control, personal protective equipment, and using anti-leak materials and membranes in waste processing and management sites should be implemented to reduce environmental pollution and human exposure.
城市废物管理和加工设施会产生各种污染物，包括邻苯二甲酸酯 (PAE)，这些污染物会根据废物成分、加工类型和所经过的时间释放到环境中。PAEs 广泛应用于工业，尤其是塑料工业，但管理不当会对人类健康和环境造成危害。本综述旨在评估废物加工和管理设施不同单元中的 PAEs 含量及其对健康的影响。本系统综述收集并分析了调查废物加工和管理设施中特定 PAEs（DMP、DEP、DBP、BBP、DEHP 和 DNOP）水平的研究。我们在 Scopus、PubMed 和 Web of Science 数据库中搜索了从研究开始到 2022 年 10 月 14 日的所有研究。由两名审稿人对研究进行筛选，去除重复的研究，并独立选出相关研究。根据研究目标提取最终文章的数据。共分析了 26 项研究，以评估 PAEs 的水平，重点关注垃圾填埋场沥滤液、土壤、空气、地表水和地下水。研究结果显示，约有 37% 的研究是在垃圾填埋场进行的，其中 DEHP 的 PAEs 浓度最高。此外，所有审查过的研究都报告 DEHP 是沥滤液中最常见的 PAE。约 23% 的研究是在空气和土壤介质中进行的，DEHP、DBP 和 DEP 被确定为主要邻苯二甲酸盐，占所有研究邻苯二甲酸盐的 94% 以上。因此，应优先考虑减少塑料的使用，进而减少废物的产生。此外，还应在废物处理和管理场所实施粉尘控制、个人防护设备、使用防泄漏材料和薄膜等预防措施，以减少环境污染和人体接触。
{"title":"A systematic review of occurrence and concentrations of selected phthalic acid esters in waste processing and management facilities: Challenges and the future research perspectives","authors":"Fatemeh Momeniha , Hosna Janjani , Mina Aghaei , Mohammad Hadi Dehghani , Ali Salimifard , Suhas , Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Municipal waste management and processing facilities produce various pollutants, including phthalic acid esters (PAEs), which are released into the environment depending on waste components, process type, and time elapsed. PAEs are widely used in industries, particularly in plastics, but their mismanagement poses risks to human health and the environment. The review aims to assess the levels of PAEs in different units of waste processing and management facilities and their health effects. This systematic review collected and analyzed studies investigating the levels of selected PAEs (DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, DEHP, and DNOP) in waste processing and management facilities. The databases of Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched from the inception of the studies up to Oct 14, 2022. Studies were screened, duplicates removed, and relevant studies selected independently by two reviewers. Data from the final articles were extracted according to the study's objectives. A total of 26 studies were analyzed to assess the levels of PAEs, focusing on landfill leachate, soil, air, surface, and groundwater. The findings revealed that approximately 37 % of the studies were conducted in landfills, with DEHP having the highest concentration of PAEs. Moreover, all reviewed studies reported DEHP as the most prevalent PAE in leachate. Around 23 % of the studies were conducted on air and soil media, with DEHP, DBP, and DEP identified as the primary phthalates, comprising over 94 % of all the studied phthalates.</p><p>The levels of PAEs in waste management facilities were often high, posing potential health risks to workers. Therefore, reducing plastic use and subsequently reducing waste generation should be considered as the priority action. Also, preventive measures such as dust control, personal protective equipment, and using anti-leak materials and membranes in waste processing and management sites should be implemented to reduce environmental pollution and human exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100407"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024001082/pdfft?md5=2ab8234e43654185c1a38c4c43b430e7&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024001082-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-17DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100409
Pierre J. Obeid, Bilal El Khoury, John Hanna El-Nakat
<div><p>Infant formula milk (IFM) is increasingly utilized as a substitute for natural breastfeeding despite the fact that breast milk has been always recognized as the optimal nourishment method. While IFMs are fortified with essential nutrients that are crucial for proper growth, they can also harbor non-essential toxic metal contaminants from various sources during the production process. Given the heightened vulnerability of newborns to such contaminants, it is imperative to thoroughly analyze, evaluate, and minimize the toxicity associated with the consumption of such IFMs. However, classical approaches to date, have been always adopted for assessing such risks by finding first the analytical concentration of metals in the IFMs followed by multiplying it by the average daily powder intake (ADI) then dividing by the average infant weight. The outcome is then compared to an established standard such a PTWI to assess the extent of toxicity. The drawback with such studies is the use of a fixed ADI for all samples as if all samples have the same and exact preparation directions while using somewhat different infant masses.</p><p>Accordingly, this study aims at assessing the toxic risk amongst newborns from IFM consumption through the identification and application of various highly important and toxicity-contributing parameters from each IFM and its directions of preparation label separately which are discussed here for the first time while providing comparisons between the classical approach versus our new approach to highlight its importance.</p><p>Seventy-three IFMs (0–6 months) were analyzed for lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and aluminum (Al) levels and unlike previous studies, this work incorporated various feeding parameters from each IFM for calculating the intakes thus, revealing potential toxicity risks even in IFMs that are considered safe by the classical approach. Metal contamination was significant, with 97.3 % of samples containing detectable Pb, 41.1 % Cd, 16.4 % As, and 93.2 % Al while highlighting Pb in exceeding its maximum allowable level (MAL). This novel approach, which considers new diverse feeding schedules/parameters that are ironically suggested by manufacturers that have been previously overlooked elsewhere, emphasized IFMs' potential as sources of heightened metal toxicity in comparison to classical approaches. Results highlighted Pb and Al as major concerns, with As and Cd of lesser concern. Findings also emphasized the importance of such new parameters for safeguarding newborn health and should be payed attention to by caregivers. The study strongly and highly recommends adherence to <em>minimum feeding schedules (MFS)</em> and proper scooping techniques to reduce newborn exposure to toxic metals. It also suggests continuous monitoring and stricter regulations by health authorities at the production level of such products so as to provide a safer commodity in the first degree and to also provide better and so
{"title":"Toxic risk assessment of selected metals in infant formula milk commercially available in Lebanon: A novel approach based on feeding parameters versus toxicity","authors":"Pierre J. Obeid, Bilal El Khoury, John Hanna El-Nakat","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Infant formula milk (IFM) is increasingly utilized as a substitute for natural breastfeeding despite the fact that breast milk has been always recognized as the optimal nourishment method. While IFMs are fortified with essential nutrients that are crucial for proper growth, they can also harbor non-essential toxic metal contaminants from various sources during the production process. Given the heightened vulnerability of newborns to such contaminants, it is imperative to thoroughly analyze, evaluate, and minimize the toxicity associated with the consumption of such IFMs. However, classical approaches to date, have been always adopted for assessing such risks by finding first the analytical concentration of metals in the IFMs followed by multiplying it by the average daily powder intake (ADI) then dividing by the average infant weight. The outcome is then compared to an established standard such a PTWI to assess the extent of toxicity. The drawback with such studies is the use of a fixed ADI for all samples as if all samples have the same and exact preparation directions while using somewhat different infant masses.</p><p>Accordingly, this study aims at assessing the toxic risk amongst newborns from IFM consumption through the identification and application of various highly important and toxicity-contributing parameters from each IFM and its directions of preparation label separately which are discussed here for the first time while providing comparisons between the classical approach versus our new approach to highlight its importance.</p><p>Seventy-three IFMs (0–6 months) were analyzed for lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and aluminum (Al) levels and unlike previous studies, this work incorporated various feeding parameters from each IFM for calculating the intakes thus, revealing potential toxicity risks even in IFMs that are considered safe by the classical approach. Metal contamination was significant, with 97.3 % of samples containing detectable Pb, 41.1 % Cd, 16.4 % As, and 93.2 % Al while highlighting Pb in exceeding its maximum allowable level (MAL). This novel approach, which considers new diverse feeding schedules/parameters that are ironically suggested by manufacturers that have been previously overlooked elsewhere, emphasized IFMs' potential as sources of heightened metal toxicity in comparison to classical approaches. Results highlighted Pb and Al as major concerns, with As and Cd of lesser concern. Findings also emphasized the importance of such new parameters for safeguarding newborn health and should be payed attention to by caregivers. The study strongly and highly recommends adherence to <em>minimum feeding schedules (MFS)</em> and proper scooping techniques to reduce newborn exposure to toxic metals. It also suggests continuous monitoring and stricter regulations by health authorities at the production level of such products so as to provide a safer commodity in the first degree and to also provide better and so","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100409"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024001100/pdfft?md5=e6c4d8eb4dc2982e8131219de60f85e4&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024001100-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100397
Zhichao Wang , Yaxinyue Li , Long Bai , Chenli Hou , Chunli Zheng , Weiping Li
Microplastics (MPs) are present throughout the environment, and due to their nature, they are extremely difficult to decompose. Reportedly, microorganisms play an important role in degrading and decomposing MPs. Bacillus pasteurii can degrade various complex organic matter, including MPs, which are a class of polymeric organic compounds. This study investigated the degradation effect of B. pasteurii on polypropylene MPs (PP-MPs) in soil. B. pasteurii was extracted from gold mine tailings. Herein, three experimental groups were established—a blank control treatment group, a group with bacteria without Ca2+ added (T2 group), and a group with bacteria supplemented with Ca2+ (T3 group)—for a 30-day indoor simulation of MP degradation in MP-treated soil. The results showed that the total mass change rate of the PP-MPs in the T2 group was 20.95 %, and grooves and holes appeared on the PP-MP surfaces. The total mass change rate of the PP-MPs in the T3 group was 23.22 %, and abundant fissures and pits appeared on the PP-MP surfaces. Additionally, new dominant phyla, such as Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, appeared after bacterial addition. The relative abundance of several common soil genera, such as Bacillus, Brevundimonas, Flavobacterium, and Arthrobacter, and genera capable of breaking down complex compounds increased after B. pasteurii addition. The soil microbial community diversity improved, with the distribution of each species being relatively uniform. These findings indicated that the B. pasteurii strain can be used to degrade PP-MPs. Additionally, the addition of Ca2+ generated microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation, which further improved the degradation of MPs. This study provides theoretical support for studying the degradation mechanism of PP-MPs.
{"title":"Biodegradation of polypropylene microplastics by Bacillus pasteurii isolated from a gold mine tailing","authors":"Zhichao Wang , Yaxinyue Li , Long Bai , Chenli Hou , Chunli Zheng , Weiping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microplastics (MPs) are present throughout the environment, and due to their nature, they are extremely difficult to decompose. Reportedly, microorganisms play an important role in degrading and decomposing MPs. <em>Bacillus pasteurii</em> can degrade various complex organic matter, including MPs, which are a class of polymeric organic compounds. This study investigated the degradation effect of <em>B. pasteurii</em> on polypropylene MPs (PP-MPs) in soil. <em>B. pasteurii</em> was extracted from gold mine tailings. Herein, three experimental groups were established—a blank control treatment group, a group with bacteria without Ca<sup>2+</sup> added (T2 group), and a group with bacteria supplemented with Ca<sup>2+</sup> (T3 group)—for a 30-day indoor simulation of MP degradation in MP-treated soil. The results showed that the total mass change rate of the PP-MPs in the T2 group was 20.95 %, and grooves and holes appeared on the PP-MP surfaces. The total mass change rate of the PP-MPs in the T3 group was 23.22 %, and abundant fissures and pits appeared on the PP-MP surfaces. Additionally, new dominant phyla, such as <em>Bacteroidetes</em> and <em>Firmicutes</em>, appeared after bacterial addition. The relative abundance of several common soil genera, such as <em>Bacillus</em>, <em>Brevundimonas</em>, <em>Flavobacterium</em>, and <em>Arthrobacter</em>, and genera capable of breaking down complex compounds increased after <em>B. pasteurii</em> addition. The soil microbial community diversity improved, with the distribution of each species being relatively uniform. These findings indicated that the <em>B. pasteurii</em> strain can be used to degrade PP-MPs. Additionally, the addition of Ca<sup>2+</sup> generated microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation, which further improved the degradation of MPs. This study provides theoretical support for studying the degradation mechanism of PP-MPs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100397"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024000982/pdfft?md5=4cc1dc5870e24b4c6adb269dd16e1faa&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024000982-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141953966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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