Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100339
Anam Bajwa , Yumna Sadef , Rabia Nazir , Muhammad Zaheer , Sidra Siddique , Hanan Abdulaziz Alismail , Lalita Ambigai Sivasamugham , Adeel Mahmood
The current study aimed to employ integrated risk assessment models to estimate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human health risks of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from Pakistan. GIS-based geostatistical technique was used to classify OCPs' polluted risk zones using risk indexes. The residual level of ∑OCPs detected in wheat and rice ranged from 1.78 to 12.46 ng g−1 and 4.92–18.19 ng g−1, respectively with the prevalence of DDD, DDE and HCH. The distribution pattern revealed a significantly higher concentration towards downstream region, suggesting industrial and agricultural activities as a pollution source in the area. Single pollution index (SPI) was employed for the identification of pollution zones. The findings of SPI for detected OCPs were found (0.7 < Pi < 1), respectively, depicting minimal pollution at the studied sites. Furthermore, risk assessment results reflected non-cancer risk (>1) for studied ∑OCPs. However, the suggested USEPA value for tolerable carcinogenic risk is < 10−6 (one in a million) which was found higher for DDD, DDE, HCH, CT, and HC in the current study. Consequently, the carcinogenic risk in the study area indicated the need for an assessment, monitoring, and reporting program grounded on laws that can reduce pollution and exposure levels to pesticides in Pakistan for good health and well-being.
{"title":"Integrated risk assessment and human health hazards via dietary intake of OCPs from cereal crops cultivated across river chenab","authors":"Anam Bajwa , Yumna Sadef , Rabia Nazir , Muhammad Zaheer , Sidra Siddique , Hanan Abdulaziz Alismail , Lalita Ambigai Sivasamugham , Adeel Mahmood","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current study aimed to employ integrated risk assessment models to estimate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human health risks of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from Pakistan. GIS-based geostatistical technique was used to classify OCPs' polluted risk zones using risk indexes. The residual level of ∑OCPs detected in wheat and rice ranged from 1.78 to 12.46 ng g<sup>−1</sup> and 4.92–18.19 ng g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively with the prevalence of DDD, DDE and HCH. The distribution pattern revealed a significantly higher concentration towards downstream region, suggesting industrial and agricultural activities as a pollution source in the area. Single pollution index (SPI) was employed for the identification of pollution zones. The findings of SPI for detected OCPs were found (0.7 < Pi < 1), respectively, depicting minimal pollution at the studied sites. Furthermore, risk assessment results reflected non-cancer risk (>1) for studied ∑OCPs. However, the suggested USEPA value for tolerable carcinogenic risk is < 10<sup>−6</sup> (one in a million) which was found higher for DDD, DDE, HCH, CT, and HC in the current study. Consequently, the carcinogenic risk in the study area indicated the need for an assessment, monitoring, and reporting program grounded on laws that can reduce pollution and exposure levels to pesticides in Pakistan for good health and well-being.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024000404/pdfft?md5=ce46c178783613704d914254ab32c322&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024000404-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140549170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bisphenols are ubiquitous chemicals used in various industries, raising concerns due to their potential to disrupt endocrine systems, particularly among occupational populations. This study concurrently assessed bisphenol A (BPA) and its 12 analogues in 325 urine samples from cashiers and non-cashiers residing in South China. Results revealed that BPA was the most prevalent bisphenol in urine, subsequent to bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F, bisphenol AF (BPAF) and bisphenol E (BPE), with detection frequencies at 60−99%. BPA exhibited the highest median concentration of 1.16 ng/mL. Urine samples from cashiers showed relatively high levels of BPA, BPS and BPE, highlighting potential occupational exposure implications. Variations in urinary bisphenol concentrations across gender and age groups were explored. Significant correlations were identified between urinary BPA and BPE, as well as BPS and BPAF, indicative of shared exposure sources and pathways. Cashiers had 1.50–13.4 times higher exposure than non-cashiers to these bisphenols. The median exposure to five bisphenols exceeded the established tolerable daily intake for BPA, set at 0.2 ng/kg bw/day, by 1.10–180 times. This study underscores the urgent need for assessing the potential health implications of bisphenol exposure, especially for high-exposure groups like cashiers, and suggests actions to reduce these risks.
双酚是一种普遍存在于各行各业的化学品,由于其可能扰乱内分泌系统(尤其是在职业人群中),因此引起了人们的关注。本研究同时评估了华南地区 325 份收银员和非收银员尿样中的双酚 A(BPA)及其 12 种类似物。结果显示,双酚 A 是尿液中最常见的双酚,其次是双酚 S(BPS)、双酚 F、双酚 AF(BPAF)和双酚 E(BPE),检出率为 60-99%。双酚 AF (BPAF) 和双酚 E (BPE) 的检测频率为 60-99%,其中双酚 AF 的中位浓度最高,为 1.16 纳克/毫升。收银员的尿样显示出相对较高的双酚 A、双酚 BPS 和双酚 E 含量,凸显了职业暴露的潜在影响。研究还探讨了不同性别和年龄组尿液中双酚浓度的变化。尿液中的双酚 A 和双酚 BPE 以及双酚 S 和双酚 F 之间存在显著的相关性,表明存在共同的接触源和接触途径。收银员接触这些双酚的比例是非收银员的 1.50-13.4 倍。五种双酚暴露量的中位数超过了双酚 A 规定的每日可容忍摄入量(0.2 纳克/千克体重/天)的 1.10-180 倍。这项研究强调,迫切需要评估双酚暴露对健康的潜在影响,特别是对收银员等高暴露群体的影响,并建议采取行动降低这些风险。
{"title":"Cashiers and bisphenols: Occupational exposure and health implications in south China","authors":"Zhenni Zhu , Yanan Pan , Xiang Chen , Xin Wei , Xiaoyue Zhou , Zixiong Tang , Renli Yin , Xiaoyang Jiao , Adela Jing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bisphenols are ubiquitous chemicals used in various industries, raising concerns due to their potential to disrupt endocrine systems, particularly among occupational populations. This study concurrently assessed bisphenol A (BPA) and its 12 analogues in 325 urine samples from cashiers and non-cashiers residing in South China. Results revealed that BPA was the most prevalent bisphenol in urine, subsequent to bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F, bisphenol AF (BPAF) and bisphenol E (BPE), with detection frequencies at 60−99%. BPA exhibited the highest median concentration of 1.16 ng/mL. Urine samples from cashiers showed relatively high levels of BPA, BPS and BPE, highlighting potential occupational exposure implications. Variations in urinary bisphenol concentrations across gender and age groups were explored. Significant correlations were identified between urinary BPA and BPE, as well as BPS and BPAF, indicative of shared exposure sources and pathways. Cashiers had 1.50–13.4 times higher exposure than non-cashiers to these bisphenols. The median exposure to five bisphenols exceeded the established tolerable daily intake for BPA, set at 0.2 ng/kg bw/day, by 1.10–180 times. This study underscores the urgent need for assessing the potential health implications of bisphenol exposure, especially for high-exposure groups like cashiers, and suggests actions to reduce these risks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024000428/pdfft?md5=3d7fe8afbbf8129a044993a81441cc10&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024000428-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140554794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100338
Hongwei Lou , Jianghong Yang , Qinghong Liu , Qin Yang
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, aiming to establish a scientifically grounded understanding of trichloroethylene (TCE)-induced hepatotoxicity. Relevant studies published prior to February 29, 2024 were meticulously searched. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was employed to assess the correlation between the control group and the TCE exposure group, while heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 index. After a thorough screening and exclusion process, a total of 57 articles met the eligibility criteria. Important parameters pertaining to liver health, such as ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-1β, and others, were analyzed, resulting in the identification of 40 parameters related to liver injury. The results revealed that GLB, ALP, CYP2E1, GR, IL-6 (mRNA), and TGF-β (mRNA) did not exhibit statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). However, high heterogeneity was observed in indicators other than F4/80, EGR1 (mRNA), and MDA-protein adducts (P < 0.1, I2 > 50%). Notably, TCE exposure significantly increased the activity of ALT, AST, LDH, as well as the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, TNFR1, IL-6, P65, P-P65, F4/80, IFN-γ, iNOS, C3a, TNF-α (mRNA), IL-1β (mRNA), IL-6R (mRNA), GP130 (mRNA), EGR1 (mRNA), CCL2 (mRNA), CCL5 (mRNA), iNOS (mRNA), liver coefficient, MDA, anti-dsDNA, MDA protein adduct, anti-MDA protein adduct antibody, and ANA. Conversely, TCE exposure decreased the activities of CAT, GPx, SOD, as well as the expression levels of Nrf2, TP, ALB, and GSH. Additionally, this study provided a comprehensive review of the two mechanisms underlying liver injury following TCE exposure. In conclusion, our findings furnish compelling evidence that TCE exposure induces liver injury, as manifested by alterations in various physiological indicators, including cytokines and oxidative stress-related markers, among others.
{"title":"Hazards of trichloroethylene on the liver in animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Hongwei Lou , Jianghong Yang , Qinghong Liu , Qin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, aiming to establish a scientifically grounded understanding of trichloroethylene (TCE)-induced hepatotoxicity. Relevant studies published prior to February 29, 2024 were meticulously searched. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was employed to assess the correlation between the control group and the TCE exposure group, while heterogeneity was quantified using the I<sup>2</sup> index. After a thorough screening and exclusion process, a total of 57 articles met the eligibility criteria. Important parameters pertaining to liver health, such as ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-1β, and others, were analyzed, resulting in the identification of 40 parameters related to liver injury. The results revealed that GLB, ALP, CYP2E1, GR, IL-6 (mRNA), and TGF-β (mRNA) did not exhibit statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). However, high heterogeneity was observed in indicators other than F4/80, EGR1 (mRNA), and MDA-protein adducts (P < 0.1, I2 > 50%). Notably, TCE exposure significantly increased the activity of ALT, AST, LDH, as well as the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, TNFR1, IL-6, P65, P-P65, F4/80, IFN-γ, iNOS, C3a, TNF-α (mRNA), IL-1β (mRNA), IL-6R (mRNA), GP130 (mRNA), EGR1 (mRNA), CCL2 (mRNA), CCL5 (mRNA), iNOS (mRNA), liver coefficient, MDA, anti-dsDNA, MDA protein adduct, anti-MDA protein adduct antibody, and ANA. Conversely, TCE exposure decreased the activities of CAT, GPx, SOD, as well as the expression levels of Nrf2, TP, ALB, and GSH. Additionally, this study provided a comprehensive review of the two mechanisms underlying liver injury following TCE exposure. In conclusion, our findings furnish compelling evidence that TCE exposure induces liver injury, as manifested by alterations in various physiological indicators, including cytokines and oxidative stress-related markers, among others.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024000398/pdfft?md5=b27006f388266a70ab3976c28fa09caa&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024000398-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140535292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100336
Shabnam Ahmadi , Sina Pourebrahimi , Alhadji Malloum , Majid Pirooz , Christian Osagie , Soumya Ghosh , Muhammad Nadeem Zafar , Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
Hydrogels have various potential applications due to their unique characteristics and recently, hydrogels have been utilized as adsorbents in wastewater treatment because of their ability to remove contaminants from water. Constructing strong hydrogels with high adsorption capabilities is crucial for effective wastewater treatment. Scientists and researchers are working to improve the properties of hydrogels by incorporating inorganic elements into polymer networks, which further reduces the costs as well as simplifies their preparation. Natural polymers like starch and alginate are widespread due to their economic and biological advantages, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, environmental friendliness, and low cost. The adsorption of pollutants onto hydrogels as well as their use as antimicrobial agents has garnered significant attention. This review paper summarizes the latest studies on using hydrogels as adsorbents to remove endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and other emerging pollutants from water environments along with their use as antimicrobial agents. In the first step, different classes of hydrogels and different characterization techniques have been discussed. Next antimicrobial potential of hydrogels is elaborated to understand how these hydrogels can be a potential candidate for such activities. While discussing the adsorption application of hydrogels, different isothermal, kinetics and thermodynamics models have been discussed to highlight the mechanism and nature of forces involved in adsorption of pollutants. Further different simulations such as DFT and MD have been discussed to get more holistic understanding of pollutants adsorption onto hydrogels. A limited number of studies have utilized other techniques such as Monte Carlo simulations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) so it is important to explore a variety of computational methods to gain a comprehensive understanding of the adsorption process onto hydrogels.
{"title":"Hydrogel-based materials as antibacterial agents and super adsorbents for the remediation of emerging pollutants: A comprehensive review","authors":"Shabnam Ahmadi , Sina Pourebrahimi , Alhadji Malloum , Majid Pirooz , Christian Osagie , Soumya Ghosh , Muhammad Nadeem Zafar , Mohammad Hadi Dehghani","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogels have various potential applications due to their unique characteristics and recently, hydrogels have been utilized as adsorbents in wastewater treatment because of their ability to remove contaminants from water. Constructing strong hydrogels with high adsorption capabilities is crucial for effective wastewater treatment. Scientists and researchers are working to improve the properties of hydrogels by incorporating inorganic elements into polymer networks, which further reduces the costs as well as simplifies their preparation. Natural polymers like starch and alginate are widespread due to their economic and biological advantages, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, environmental friendliness, and low cost. The adsorption of pollutants onto hydrogels as well as their use as antimicrobial agents has garnered significant attention. This review paper summarizes the latest studies on using hydrogels as adsorbents to remove endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and other emerging pollutants from water environments along with their use as antimicrobial agents. In the first step, different classes of hydrogels and different characterization techniques have been discussed. Next antimicrobial potential of hydrogels is elaborated to understand how these hydrogels can be a potential candidate for such activities. While discussing the adsorption application of hydrogels, different isothermal, kinetics and thermodynamics models have been discussed to highlight the mechanism and nature of forces involved in adsorption of pollutants. Further different simulations such as DFT and MD have been discussed to get more holistic understanding of pollutants adsorption onto hydrogels. A limited number of studies have utilized other techniques such as Monte Carlo simulations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) so it is important to explore a variety of computational methods to gain a comprehensive understanding of the adsorption process onto hydrogels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024000374/pdfft?md5=acca01969b8786d4620620e2a7567997&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024000374-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140344881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100337
Shabana Siddique, Gong Zhang, Rocio Aranda-Rodriguez, Leonora Marro, Cariton Kubwabo
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used primarily as flame-retardants and plasticizers. OPEs are commonly detected in various environmental matrices, food and drinking water, and their metabolites are frequently found and quantified in urine. Potential adverse impacts on human health, including carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity have been well documented. Urinary concentration of OPE metabolites can vary in the same individual, depending on the sampling time, thus introducing significant uncertainty in exposure assessment. The current study focusses on the assessment of short term temporal variability in adult men and women residing in Canada's Capital Region. Fifteen OPE metabolites were analyzed in 562 daily urine samples, collected every three days for five weeks from 11 volunteers. Sample extraction procedure was performed on an automated SPE and extracts analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS. In spot urine samples as well as first morning void (FMV), the detection frequency was greater than 50% for bis (2-chloroethyl) hydrogen phosphate (BCEP), bis (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP), bis (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) and bis(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) hydrogen phosphate (B2,4DtBPP). Significant difference was observed in males and females for BCEP and BCIPP. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for creatinine corrected data for the spot urine samples ranged from 0.37 to 0.69. Good reproducibility was observed for creatinine corrected DPHP and BCIPP in both spot urine and FMV samples. More variation was observed between study participants in the spot urine samples when compared to the FMV samples. However, when considering diurnal difference there was a considerable inter-day variation in the FMV samples compared to the spot samples. The strength of the study is that the participants belonged to the same geographical location and working in the same facility, hence spatial variability did not influence the outcome of the results.
{"title":"Short term temporal variability of selected organophosphate esters among healthy adults living in the National Capital Region of Canada","authors":"Shabana Siddique, Gong Zhang, Rocio Aranda-Rodriguez, Leonora Marro, Cariton Kubwabo","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used primarily as flame-retardants and plasticizers. OPEs are commonly detected in various environmental matrices, food and drinking water, and their metabolites are frequently found and quantified in urine. Potential adverse impacts on human health, including carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity have been well documented. Urinary concentration of OPE metabolites can vary in the same individual, depending on the sampling time, thus introducing significant uncertainty in exposure assessment. The current study focusses on the assessment of short term temporal variability in adult men and women residing in Canada's Capital Region. Fifteen OPE metabolites were analyzed in 562 daily urine samples, collected every three days for five weeks from 11 volunteers. Sample extraction procedure was performed on an automated SPE and extracts analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS. In spot urine samples as well as first morning void (FMV), the detection frequency was greater than 50% for bis (2-chloroethyl) hydrogen phosphate (BCEP), bis (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP), bis (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) and bis(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) hydrogen phosphate (B2,4DtBPP). Significant difference was observed in males and females for BCEP and BCIPP. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for creatinine corrected data for the spot urine samples ranged from 0.37 to 0.69. Good reproducibility was observed for creatinine corrected DPHP and BCIPP in both spot urine and FMV samples. More variation was observed between study participants in the spot urine samples when compared to the FMV samples. However, when considering diurnal difference there was a considerable inter-day variation in the FMV samples compared to the spot samples. The strength of the study is that the participants belonged to the same geographical location and working in the same facility, hence spatial variability did not influence the outcome of the results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024000386/pdfft?md5=b789ee3a87b94b7bfef7fb0e30868aba&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024000386-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140344827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100335
Sixten Dahlbom , Fanny Bjarnemark , Björn Nguyen , Sarunas Petronis , Tove Mallin
This investigation delves into the extraction dynamics of 22 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from PFAS contaminated firefighting materials. Two distinct test sets were executed: one contrasting a commercial product with water following an elaborate decontamination procedure, and the other assessing seven washing agents on materials from firefighting installations, with one agent examined at 22 °C and 50 °C. A general tendency for improved desorption at the higher temperature was observed. Furthermore, a discernible influence of the cleaning agent's pH on the extraction of specific PFAS species was observed, elucidating the role of chemical environment in the extraction process. PFAS rebound was studied for a period of up to 157 days, this unveiled a gradual escalation in PFAS22 levels, indicative of a protracted desorption mechanism. Intriguingly, PFAS with abbreviated carbon chains (C4–C6) exhibit superior desorption efficiency compared to their elongated congeners, suggesting a chain-length-dependent decontamination potential. A comparative scrutiny between a commercially available cleaning product, featuring multiple washing and flushing steps, and a water-only treatment regimen underscores the potential efficacy of the former. This exhaustive investigation furnishes nuanced insights into PFAS extraction complexities, offering a foundation for informed decontamination strategies.
本研究深入探讨了从受全氟辛烷磺酸污染的消防材料中萃取 22 种全氟和多氟烷基物质的动态过程。我们进行了两组不同的测试:一组是在经过精心设计的净化程序后,将一种商用产品与水进行对比;另一组是对消防设施材料上的七种清洗剂进行评估,其中一种清洗剂在 22 °C 和 50 °C 两种温度下进行测试。结果发现,温度越高,解吸效果越好。此外,还观察到清洗剂的 pH 值对特定全氟辛烷磺酸种类的萃取有明显的影响,从而阐明了化学环境在萃取过程中的作用。对 PFAS 反弹进行了长达 157 天的研究,结果表明 PFAS22 的水平在逐渐上升,这表明存在一种长期的解吸机制。耐人寻味的是,碳链(C4-C6)较短的 PFAS 比其较长的同系物表现出更高的解吸效率,这表明链长决定去污潜力。通过对具有多个清洗和冲洗步骤的市售清洁产品与纯水处理方案进行比较研究,强调了前者的潜在功效。这项详尽的调查提供了对全氟辛烷磺酸提取复杂性的细微洞察,为制定明智的去污策略奠定了基础。
{"title":"Analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) extraction from contaminated firefighting materials: Effects of cleaning agent, temperature, and chain-length dependencies","authors":"Sixten Dahlbom , Fanny Bjarnemark , Björn Nguyen , Sarunas Petronis , Tove Mallin","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This investigation delves into the extraction dynamics of 22 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from PFAS contaminated firefighting materials. Two distinct test sets were executed: one contrasting a commercial product with water following an elaborate decontamination procedure, and the other assessing seven washing agents on materials from firefighting installations, with one agent examined at 22 °C and 50 °C. A general tendency for improved desorption at the higher temperature was observed. Furthermore, a discernible influence of the cleaning agent's pH on the extraction of specific PFAS species was observed, elucidating the role of chemical environment in the extraction process. PFAS rebound was studied for a period of up to 157 days, this unveiled a gradual escalation in PFAS<sub>22</sub> levels, indicative of a protracted desorption mechanism. Intriguingly, PFAS with abbreviated carbon chains (C4–C6) exhibit superior desorption efficiency compared to their elongated congeners, suggesting a chain-length-dependent decontamination potential. A comparative scrutiny between a commercially available cleaning product, featuring multiple washing and flushing steps, and a water-only treatment regimen underscores the potential efficacy of the former. This exhaustive investigation furnishes nuanced insights into PFAS extraction complexities, offering a foundation for informed decontamination strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024000362/pdfft?md5=983fd0875257c3b73e5ca19f534beec1&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024000362-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ecotoxicity of tellurium (Te) compounds (oxide and nitrate) is assessed by changing the biological properties of soils of contrasting properties: Haplic Chernozem (Loamic), Eutric Cambisol, and Eutric Arenosol. Soil stability was assessed by the most sensitive and informative biological indicators: microbiological (total number of bacteria), biochemical (catalase and dehydrogenase activity), and phytotoxic (changes in the length of wheat roots and shoots). Te contamination was simulated at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 3, 10, and 30 possible permissible concentrations (PPC). It has been established that already at minimum concentrations of Te (0.5 and 1 PPC), the biological indicators of soils decrease. As a rule, a direct relationship between Te concentration and the degree of deterioration of the studied soil properties was observed. Te nitrate showed higher ecotoxicity than oxide. A stronger negative effect of Te contamination was manifested 10 and 30 days after contamination. After 90 days, the restoration of the biological properties of the soils was observed. Haplic Chernozem (Loamic) showed greater resistance to Te contamination than Haplic Cambisols Eutric and Eutric Arenosol. The obtained results can be used to predict environmental risks from soil contamination with Te and to develop maximum permissible concentrations of Te in soils of contrasting properties.
通过改变不同性质土壤的生物特性来评估碲(Te)化合物(氧化物和硝酸盐)的生态毒性:这些土壤是:Haplic Chernozem(Loamic)、Eutric Cambisol 和 Eutric Arenosol。土壤稳定性通过最敏感、信息量最大的生物指标进行评估:微生物指标(细菌总数)、生化指标(过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性)和植物毒性指标(小麦根和芽长度的变化)。模拟的 Te 污染浓度分别为 0.5、1、3、10 和 30 个可能的允许浓度 (PPC)。结果表明,在 Te 的最低浓度(0.5 和 1 PPC)下,土壤的生物指标就会下降。一般来说,Te 浓度与所研究土壤性质的恶化程度之间存在直接关系。硝酸碲的生态毒性高于氧化碲。碲污染后 10 天和 30 天的负面影响更大。90 天后,土壤的生物特性得到恢复。与 Haplic Cambisols Eutric 和 Eutric Arenosol 相比,Haplic Chernozem(Loamic)对 Te 污染的抵抗力更强。所获得的结果可用于预测土壤受 Te 污染对环境造成的风险,并制定不同性质土壤中 Te 的最大允许浓度。
{"title":"Assessment of ecotoxicity of tellurium in soils of contrasting properties","authors":"Sergey Kolesnikov, Natalia Evstegneeva, Tatiana Minnikova, Alena Timoshenko, Natalia Tsepina, Kamil Kazeev","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ecotoxicity of tellurium (Te) compounds (oxide and nitrate) is assessed by changing the biological properties of soils of contrasting properties: Haplic Chernozem (Loamic), Eutric Cambisol, and Eutric Arenosol. Soil stability was assessed by the most sensitive and informative biological indicators: microbiological (total number of bacteria), biochemical (catalase and dehydrogenase activity), and phytotoxic (changes in the length of wheat roots and shoots). Te contamination was simulated at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 3, 10, and 30 possible permissible concentrations (PPC). It has been established that already at minimum concentrations of Te (0.5 and 1 PPC), the biological indicators of soils decrease. As a rule, a direct relationship between Te concentration and the degree of deterioration of the studied soil properties was observed. Te nitrate showed higher ecotoxicity than oxide. A stronger negative effect of Te contamination was manifested 10 and 30 days after contamination. After 90 days, the restoration of the biological properties of the soils was observed. Haplic Chernozem (Loamic) showed greater resistance to Te contamination than Haplic Cambisols Eutric and Eutric Arenosol. The obtained results can be used to predict environmental risks from soil contamination with Te and to develop maximum permissible concentrations of Te in soils of contrasting properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024000350/pdfft?md5=b036b990c69be65f00dc8124d7177a60&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024000350-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140187972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) are human-made chemicals that remain unregulated. The continuous detection of CECs in aquatic ecosystems, due to their incomplete removal, emphasizes the importance of understanding their fate and impact on the environment and human health. The detrimental effects of CECs on marine eukaryotes are well documented in multiple studies. However, their impact on marine bacteria and their biodegradation by these organisms are not well understood. In this study, two marine bacteria, Priestia sp. 35 ODPABA G14 and Rhodococcus sp. 23 AHTN G14, previously isolated from submarine sediments, were used. These two strains were tested for their resistance as well as their capacity to degrade different classes of hydrophobic and hydrophilic CECs, including synthetic musks, UV filters, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Both strains showed high resistance to all of the hydrophobic tested CECs even up to 500 mg L−1. Only Ketoprofen was toxic to bacterial cells, particularly to Rhodococcus sp. starting at concentration as low as 4 mg L−1. Furthermore, Priestia sp. and Rhodococcus sp. strains exhibited high biodegradation potential, especially for hydrophobic compounds. Although this may not apply to all pollutants, the data presented in this study suggest a positive correlation between marine bacterial resistance to CECs and their high biodegradation potentials.
{"title":"Insights into bacterial resistance to contaminants of emerging concerns and their biodegradation by marine bacteria","authors":"Hatice Turan , Bahia Khalfaoui-Hassani , Alisson Godino-Sanchez , Zulfatun Naimah , Mathieu Sebilo , Rémy Guyoneaud , Mathilde Monperrus","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) are human-made chemicals that remain unregulated. The continuous detection of CECs in aquatic ecosystems, due to their incomplete removal, emphasizes the importance of understanding their fate and impact on the environment and human health. The detrimental effects of CECs on marine eukaryotes are well documented in multiple studies. However, their impact on marine bacteria and their biodegradation by these organisms are not well understood. In this study, two marine bacteria, <em>Priestia</em> sp. 35 ODPABA G14 and <em>Rhodococcus</em> sp. 23 AHTN G14, previously isolated from submarine sediments, were used. These two strains were tested for their resistance as well as their capacity to degrade different classes of hydrophobic and hydrophilic CECs, including synthetic musks, UV filters, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Both strains showed high resistance to all of the hydrophobic tested CECs even up to 500 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. Only Ketoprofen was toxic to bacterial cells, particularly to <em>Rhodococcus</em> sp. starting at concentration as low as 4 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, <em>Priestia</em> sp. and <em>Rhodococcus</em> sp. strains exhibited high biodegradation potential, especially for hydrophobic compounds. Although this may not apply to all pollutants, the data presented in this study suggest a positive correlation between marine bacterial resistance to CECs and their high biodegradation potentials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024000337/pdfft?md5=fb4cbc1f8a97a11cb12a9e380b1f3c25&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024000337-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140275589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100331
J.D. Gillis , G.W. Price , S.O. Prasher
Metformin is among the most prescribed pharmaceuticals in many countries, and as a result has shown up in biosolids derived from municipal wastewater treatment that are destined for land application. In humans taking metformin, the effects include reduced glucose uptake in the intestine, a reduction in gluconeogenesis, increased oxidation of fatty acids, and reduced fatty acid synthesis. The effects of metformin on soil-dwelling organisms are not well understood. This study tested the effects of metformin exposure (0, 10, 40, 160, 640 μg g−1) on the earthworm (E. fetida) at four time points (6 h, 2 d, 7 d, and 14 d) using GC-MS to reveal sub-lethal effects and elucidate potential modes of action for metformin. There were no mortalities observed, and earthworms exposed to the highest concentrations (160 and 640 μg g−1) gained weight relative to the control on days 7 and 14. Significant reductions on day 7 were observed for glucose and malic acid (consistent with a reduction in gluconeogenesis), and for palmitic and margaric acid (consistent with increased oxidation and reduced synthesis of fatty acids). Lactic acid ranked first and second among canonicals 1 and 2 respectively and led to significant differences in discriminant scores across concentration and time. Metabolite levels increased to equal or greater than the control on day 14, likely caused by reduced exposure as metformin is reported to be readily transformed by microorganisms under aerobic conditions. The observations were consistent with the known effects of metformin in humans, and suggests that a similar mode of action exists in earthworms.
{"title":"Perturbations in the earthworm metabolite profile during a two-week exposure to metformin","authors":"J.D. Gillis , G.W. Price , S.O. Prasher","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metformin is among the most prescribed pharmaceuticals in many countries, and as a result has shown up in biosolids derived from municipal wastewater treatment that are destined for land application. In humans taking metformin, the effects include reduced glucose uptake in the intestine, a reduction in gluconeogenesis, increased oxidation of fatty acids, and reduced fatty acid synthesis. The effects of metformin on soil-dwelling organisms are not well understood. This study tested the effects of metformin exposure (0, 10, 40, 160, 640 μg g<sup>−1</sup>) on the earthworm (<em>E. fetida</em>) at four time points (6 h, 2 d, 7 d, and 14 d) using GC-MS to reveal sub-lethal effects and elucidate potential modes of action for metformin. There were no mortalities observed, and earthworms exposed to the highest concentrations (160 and 640 μg g<sup>−1</sup>) gained weight relative to the control on days 7 and 14. Significant reductions on day 7 were observed for glucose and malic acid (consistent with a reduction in gluconeogenesis), and for palmitic and margaric acid (consistent with increased oxidation and reduced synthesis of fatty acids). Lactic acid ranked first and second among canonicals 1 and 2 respectively and led to significant differences in discriminant scores across concentration and time. Metabolite levels increased to equal or greater than the control on day 14, likely caused by reduced exposure as metformin is reported to be readily transformed by microorganisms under aerobic conditions. The observations were consistent with the known effects of metformin in humans, and suggests that a similar mode of action exists in earthworms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024000325/pdfft?md5=ee6eeaad417426479f0715860d5ce296&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024000325-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140273748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100314
Kimberly R. Beisner , Rebecca E. Travis , David A. Alvarez , Larry B. Barber , Jacob A. Fleck , Jeramy R. Jasmann
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment but sources are not well defined for temporal and spatial aspects within an urban environment, and especially for an arid urban environment subject to seasonal short term high-intensity precipitation events. A focused diel sampling was conducted in the summer of 2021 to assess the temporal and spatial variability of PFAS in the Rio Grande near Albuquerque, New Mexico and showed an order of magnitude increase of PFAS as it flows through the Albuquerque urban area. Discrete samples were collected at two different locations on the Rio Grande in addition to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent that discharges directly to the Rio Grande between the sampling locations. Short-term high-intensity precipitation events occurred during the study period and mobilized PFAS from urban runoff. Dissolved organic matter composed of tryptophan-like organic substances and refined fuel and fuel byproducts, characteristic of an urban signature, were also related to the precipitation events. The PFAS in discharge from the WWTP was consistent over a 24-h period with slight differences in some compounds. Wastewater presence on the Rio Grande downstream of the WWTP was evidenced by a gadolinium anomaly as well as increases in several other trace elements, total dissolved nitrogen, and fluorescence indicators, in addition to PFAS. PFAS varied depending on source contribution, where urban runoff was associated with PFOA, PFOS, and PFBA, whereas PFHxA and PFPeA were associated with wastewater effluent. In addition, passive polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) using hydrophilic-lipid balance (HLB) sorption media were deployed for a month at two locations on the Rio Grande to assess longer term PFAS concentrations. The POCIS results show some compounds (PFPeA and PFHpA) were greater than the average concentration from discrete samples, whereas other compounds (PFHxA, PFOA, PFDA, and PFNA) were lower in the POCIS, and PFOS was very similar between the two. The POCIS did not detect PFBA, which may be related to the HLB media not performing well for short chain PFAS compounds. The results show promise for integrative samplers utilizing sorbent media. More detailed investigation of the spatial and temporal variability of water chemistry on the Rio Grande as it flows through Albuquerque could provide information applicable to urban areas worldwide.
{"title":"Temporal variability and sources of PFAS in the Rio Grande, New Mexico through an arid urban area using multiple tracers and high-frequency sampling","authors":"Kimberly R. Beisner , Rebecca E. Travis , David A. Alvarez , Larry B. Barber , Jacob A. Fleck , Jeramy R. Jasmann","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment but sources are not well defined for temporal and spatial aspects within an urban environment, and especially for an arid urban environment subject to seasonal short term high-intensity precipitation events. A focused diel sampling was conducted in the summer of 2021 to assess the temporal and spatial variability of PFAS in the Rio Grande near Albuquerque, New Mexico and showed an order of magnitude increase of PFAS as it flows through the Albuquerque urban area. Discrete samples were collected at two different locations on the Rio Grande in addition to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent that discharges directly to the Rio Grande between the sampling locations. Short-term high-intensity precipitation events occurred during the study period and mobilized PFAS from urban runoff. Dissolved organic matter composed of tryptophan-like organic substances and refined fuel and fuel byproducts, characteristic of an urban signature, were also related to the precipitation events. The PFAS in discharge from the WWTP was consistent over a 24-h period with slight differences in some compounds. Wastewater presence on the Rio Grande downstream of the WWTP was evidenced by a gadolinium anomaly as well as increases in several other trace elements, total dissolved nitrogen, and fluorescence indicators, in addition to PFAS. PFAS varied depending on source contribution, where urban runoff was associated with PFOA, PFOS, and PFBA, whereas PFHxA and PFPeA were associated with wastewater effluent. In addition, passive polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) using hydrophilic-lipid balance (HLB) sorption media were deployed for a month at two locations on the Rio Grande to assess longer term PFAS concentrations. The POCIS results show some compounds (PFPeA and PFHpA) were greater than the average concentration from discrete samples, whereas other compounds (PFHxA, PFOA, PFDA, and PFNA) were lower in the POCIS, and PFOS was very similar between the two. The POCIS did not detect PFBA, which may be related to the HLB media not performing well for short chain PFAS compounds. The results show promise for integrative samplers utilizing sorbent media. More detailed investigation of the spatial and temporal variability of water chemistry on the Rio Grande as it flows through Albuquerque could provide information applicable to urban areas worldwide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024000155/pdfft?md5=b1623199fd55abefc96be24403bbdab9&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024000155-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140135021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}