Emerging Contaminants最新文献_第9页

Atmospheric detection, prevalence, transmission, health and ecological consequences of antibiotic resistance genes and resistant bacteria: A comprehensive review 大气检测、流行、传播、健康和生态后果抗生素耐药基因和耐药细菌：综合综述

IF 5.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Emerging Contaminants

Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100514

Liang Fan , Chun Chen , Haijie Zhang , Yang Zeng , Tiejun Li , Rui Gao , Junling Li , Yanqin Ren , Zhenhai Wu , Fang Bi , Yangxi Chu , Hong Li , Jingnan Hu , Jian Xu , Yisheng Xu

Globally atmospheric transmission of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) poses a serious challenge to human health and the environment. Thus, a comprehensive and systematic review was established to focus on the detection and analytical methods, distribution characteristics, transmission mechanisms, potential impact on human health and ecological environment of ARGs and ARB in the atmosphere. Emerging methods, such as machine learning and deep learning in artificial intelligence, as well as isothermal amplification methods, have considerably improved the detection efficiency of ARGs and ARB in the atmosphere, along with conventional methods such as Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR derivative methods, and metagenomic sequencing. ARGs and ARB are widely detected in various atmospheric environment, significantly in hospitals, pharmaceutical factories, animal farms, wastewater treatment plants, municipal solid waste landfills and densely populated indoor environments. They can be transferred over extensive distances in the atmosphere via bioaerosols, with their distribution and survival markedly affected by meteorological and climatic factors as well as air contaminants. The transmissions of ARGs and ARB may alter microbial community structures, impact biodiversity, and enhance human exposure risks via inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion. This review synthesizes ARGs and ARB in the atmosphere and provides scientific evidence for policy development and further research, which should focus on the development of intelligent and accurate detection methods, construction of cross-media transmission mechanism and global model, establishment of global health risk assessment system to face the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance.

抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）和抗生素耐药细菌（ARB）在全球范围内的大气传播对人类健康和环境构成了严重挑战。因此，本文对大气中ARGs和ARB的检测分析方法、分布特征、传播机制、对人类健康和生态环境的潜在影响等方面进行了全面系统的综述。新兴的方法，如人工智能中的机器学习和深度学习，以及等温扩增方法，以及传统的方法，如聚合酶链反应（PCR）、PCR衍生方法和宏基因组测序，大大提高了大气中ARGs和ARB的检测效率。ARGs和ARB广泛存在于各种大气环境中，特别是在医院、制药厂、动物养殖场、污水处理厂、城市固体废物填埋场和人口密集的室内环境中。它们可以通过生物气溶胶在大气中远距离转移，其分布和生存受到气象和气候因素以及空气污染物的显著影响。ARGs和ARB的传播可能改变微生物群落结构，影响生物多样性，并通过吸入、皮肤接触和摄入增加人类接触风险。本文综述了大气中ARGs和ARB的综合情况，为政策制定和进一步研究提供了科学依据，应着眼于开发智能准确的检测方法，构建跨媒介传播机制和全球模型，建立全球健康风险评估体系，以应对抗生素耐药性的全球挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Veterinary antibiotics in contaminated animal manure: Fate, removal challenges, and future perspectives on conventional and emerging technologies 受污染动物粪便中的兽医抗生素：命运，去除挑战，以及对传统和新兴技术的未来展望

IF 5.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Emerging Contaminants

Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100515

Chen Ding , Yun Lang , Liwen Xiao , Xinmin Zhan , Lin Shi

The pollution caused by veterinary antibiotics (VAs) has become a global concern due to their role in promoting antimicrobial resistance in the environment. Animal manure, often referred to as animal slurry, contains substantial amounts of VAs originating from animal urine and feces. Since animal manure is commonly used as a nutrient-rich fertilizer, understanding the degradation of VAs and ensuring their efficient removal are essential for effective manure management. This article critically reviews the emerging technologies effective in VA removal, such as adsorption, membrane separation, advanced oxidation processes, carbonization, and bioelectrochemical systems. While these technologies have been extensively studied for their ability to remove pharmaceuticals from common water and wastewater, their applicability to real manure treatment remains insufficiently explored. This article outlines the challenges associated with each technology, particularly concerning the complex composition of animal manure. It highlights the potential of these technologies as supplementary or post-treatment options to improve VA removal, particularly during periods of high VA usage for therapeutic purposes. Finally, the article offers several recommendations, including advancements in animal manure collection, the importance of VA removal to mitigate antimicrobial resistance, and the potential for integrating multiple technologies to optimize VA removal.

兽医用抗生素（VAs）引起的污染已成为全球关注的问题，因为它们在环境中促进了抗菌素耐药性。动物粪便，通常被称为动物粪便，含有大量来自动物尿液和粪便的输精管。由于动物粪便通常被用作一种营养丰富的肥料，因此了解增值肥料的降解并确保其有效去除对于有效的粪便管理至关重要。本文综述了有效去除VA的新兴技术，如吸附、膜分离、高级氧化工艺、碳化和生物电化学系统。虽然这些技术已经被广泛地研究了它们从普通水和废水中去除药物的能力，但它们在真正的粪便处理中的适用性仍然没有得到充分的探索。本文概述了与每种技术相关的挑战，特别是关于动物粪便的复杂组成。它强调了这些技术作为辅助或治疗后选择来改善VA去除的潜力，特别是在用于治疗目的的高VA使用期间。最后，本文提出了一些建议，包括动物粪便收集的进展，去除VA对减轻抗菌素耐药性的重要性，以及整合多种技术优化VA去除的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Occurrence and ecotoxicity of cosmetic ingredients in aquatic ecosystems: A narrative review 化妆品成分在水生生态系统中的发生及生态毒性研究进展

IF 5.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Emerging Contaminants

Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100512

Sandra Mota , Emília Sousa , Maria Teresa Cruz , Isabel Martins de Almeida

Consumer demand for cosmetic products continues to rise which can pose an environmental risk as cosmetic ingredients can enter aquatic systems through wastewater discharge, consumer behaviors, inadequate environmental policies, and ineffective water treatment processes. This review compiles the evidence regarding the occurrence of cosmetic ingredients in aquatic systems, and their potential toxicity to aquatic life and the associated environmental concerns. Existing research primarily targets exfoliants, ultraviolet (UV) filters, antioxidants, preservatives, fragrances, and solvents, representing less than 1 % of known cosmetic ingredients. Plastic microbeads and preservatives were identified as the predominant ingredients in aquatic environments, primarily in wastewater samples. Many of the identified compounds were reported to exhibit toxicity towards aquatic organisms, namely invertebrates, algae and fish. Among the cosmetic ingredients assessed, octocrylene and ethylhexyl dimethyl p-aminobenzoic acid (UV filters), butylated hydroxytoluene (antioxidant), musk xylene (fragrance), and diethylhexyl phthalate (solvent) exhibited the highest degree of toxicity towards aquatic organisms. Understanding these dynamics is important for devising mitigation strategies on environmental risks and providing knowledge for future research and regulatory endeavors in this field.

消费者对化妆品的需求持续上升，这可能带来环境风险，因为化妆品成分可能通过废水排放、消费者行为、不适当的环境政策和无效的水处理工艺进入水生系统。这篇综述汇编了关于化妆品成分在水生系统中出现的证据，以及它们对水生生物的潜在毒性和相关的环境问题。现有的研究主要针对去角质剂、紫外线过滤器、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、香料和溶剂，这些成分在已知化妆品成分中所占比例不到1%。塑料微珠和防腐剂被确定为水生环境中的主要成分，主要是废水样品。据报道，许多已确定的化合物对水生生物，即无脊椎动物、藻类和鱼类具有毒性。在被评估的化妆品成分中，八烯和乙基己基对氨基苯甲酸二甲基（紫外线过滤器）、丁基羟基甲苯（抗氧化剂）、麝香二甲苯（香料）和邻苯二甲酸二乙基己基（溶剂）对水生生物的毒性程度最高。了解这些动态对于制定环境风险缓解策略以及为该领域的未来研究和监管工作提供知识非常重要。

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引用次数: 0

Unleashing the power of receptor-based assay on high-throughput detection: Assessing the feasibility of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on large-scale antibiotic monitoring 释放基于受体的检测在高通量检测中的力量：评估酶联免疫吸附法在大规模抗生素监测中的可行性

IF 5.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Emerging Contaminants

Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100511

Yun Yang , Jinxin Wang , Lulu Li , Haofei Yang , Yu Quan , Jason Jia Shun Liao , Wei Ouyang , Gang Yu , Li Ling

Antibiotics are detected in aquatic environments with heterogeneity in their occurrence and associated risk levels. Thus, high spatiotemporal resolution monitoring in a large scale is essential to better cope with their risks. Mass spectrometry (MS) techniques are sensitive and precise, yet complex, expensive, and time-consuming for antibiotic detection. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is among a mature receptor-based assays that offer a cost-effective alternative and are particularly notable for their high throughput analytical capabilities. However, its high throughput power on environmental monitoring is underutilized. ELISA is remarkably rapid (3800–37,000 tests per day), inexpensive ($1.8 per test, capital costs ranging from $35,000 to $270,000), and ready-to-use (97 commercial kits available) for detecting frequently reported antibiotics. Adopting solid phase extraction decreases their limits of detection to as low as 0.125 ng/L. Their quantification results are robust as they also generally agreed well with those of MS methods. A conservative way at present is to use ELISA for initial screening of large numbers of samples, with subsequent quantification of a small proportion of “positive” samples through MS methods. Yet, the applicability of ELISA can be further improved, such as developing a standardized quantification procedure for ELISA and microfluid chip-based ELISA kits and instruments.

在水生环境中检测到抗生素，其发生率和相关风险水平具有异质性。因此，大尺度的高时空分辨率监测对于更好地应对其风险至关重要。质谱（MS）技术是敏感和精确的，但复杂，昂贵和耗时的抗生素检测。酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）是一种成熟的基于受体的测定方法，它提供了一种具有成本效益的替代方法，并以其高通量分析能力而特别值得注意。但其在环境监测方面的高通量能力尚未得到充分发挥。ELISA非常快速（每天检测3800 - 37000次），价格低廉（每次检测1.8美元，资本成本从3.5万美元到27万美元不等），并且用于检测经常报告的抗生素（可获得97个商用试剂盒）。采用固相萃取法，其检出限低至0.125 ng/L。他们的定量结果是稳健的，因为他们也普遍同意那些质谱方法。目前比较保守的方法是采用ELISA法对大量样品进行初步筛选，然后通过质谱法对一小部分“阳性”样品进行定量。然而，ELISA的适用性还有待进一步提高，如制定标准化的ELISA定量程序和基于微流体芯片的ELISA试剂盒和仪器。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial distribution of microplastic pollution and its relation to pollution index-based water quality status in Progo River, Indonesia 印尼Progo河微塑料污染空间分布及其与基于污染指数的水质状况的关系

IF 5.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Emerging Contaminants

Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100510

Prieskarinda Lestari, Bayu Dwi Apri Nugroho, Hanggar Ganara Mawandha, Chandra Setyawan, Eka Riskawati, Anggraeni Intan Maharani, Brillian Ravi Alvriano, Dhanny Riski Hutama, Nashita Andjani Ludmila Saraswita

Progo River, one of the largest rivers on Java Island, serves as the primary source of clean water and irrigation for Central Java and the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Despite its importance, the Progo ranks among the top 20 global plastic-polluted rivers. Therefore, the objectives of this study were 1) to investigate spatial distribution and characteristics of microplastic (MP) pollution in the Progo River, and 2) to examine MP relation to the Nemerow Pollution Index (NPI) based water quality status, 15 physicochemical biological water quality parameters, flow velocity and anthropogenic factors, marking the first comprehensive effort in Indonesia. Water and MP samples were collected simultaneously from eight sampling locations. MP abundance in the Progo River ranged from 75.02 to 435.53 particles/m³. The MP characteristics were predominantly large, transparent, film-shaped particles, and identified variably as LDPE, PET, PP, PS, PAA, cellophane. The Pearson Correlation Test results revealed positive correlations between MP abundance and nine water quality parameters (TSS, turbidity, salinity, BOD, COD, phosphate, nitrate, detergent, Cd) and flow velocity. The other six parameters (pH, temperature, TDS, DO, total coliforms, Pb) and two anthropogenic factors (population number and density) were negatively correlated with MP abundance. Notably, DO exhibited a strong and significant negative correlation with MP abundance (r = -0.770, p = 0.043). NPI scores (2.10–16.02) revealed slight to heavy polluted levels in the Progo River and were positively correlated with MP abundance (r=0.336, p=0.461). Multiple Linear Regression analysis (R² = 0.639) identified flow velocity, BOD, COD, turbidity, total coliform, and population number as significant predictors of MP distribution. These findings emphasize the impact of MP pollution on river water quality status, highlighting the need of a novel approach to incorporate MP pollution in periodic water quality assessment to address ecological risks.

普罗戈河是爪哇岛上最大的河流之一，是爪哇岛中部和印度尼西亚日惹特区清洁用水和灌溉的主要来源。尽管它很重要，但普罗戈河仍是全球塑料污染最严重的20条河流之一。因此，本研究的目的是：(1)调查Progo河微塑料污染的空间分布和特征；(2)研究微塑料与基于Nemerow污染指数（NPI）的水质状况、15个理化生物水质参数、流速和人为因素的关系，这是印度尼西亚首次进行综合研究。同时从8个采样点采集水和MP样品。Progo河的MP丰度在75.02 ~ 435.53颗粒/m3之间。MP的主要特征是大、透明、薄膜状颗粒，可分为LDPE、PET、PP、PS、PAA、玻璃纸等。Pearson相关检验结果显示，MP丰度与9个水质参数（TSS、浊度、盐度、BOD、COD、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、去污剂、Cd）和流速呈正相关。其他6个参数（pH、温度、TDS、DO、总大菌群、Pb）和2个人为因子（种群数量和密度）与MP丰度呈负相关。值得注意的是，DO与MP丰度呈显著负相关（r = -0.770, p = 0.043）。NPI评分（2.10 ~ 16.02）表明Progo河的污染程度为轻度至重度，与MP丰度呈正相关（r=0.336, p=0.461）。多元线性回归分析（R2 = 0.639）表明流速、BOD、COD、浊度、总大肠菌群和种群数量是MP分布的显著预测因子。这些发现强调了多聚氰胺污染对河流水质状况的影响，强调了将多聚氰胺污染纳入定期水质评估以应对生态风险的新方法的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Occurrence of micropollutants and enterobacteria in Ticino Valley: an insight of water contamination in an agricultural area with highly anthropogenic impact 提契诺山谷微污染物和肠杆菌的发生：对高度人为影响农业区水污染的洞察

IF 5.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Emerging Contaminants

Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100509

Aurora Piazza , Francesca Merlo , Aseel AbuAlshaar , Francesca Piscopiello , Federica Maraschi , Alice Bernini , Melissa Spalla , Michela Sturini , Roberta Migliavacca , Giorgio Pilla , Antonella Profumo

This study investigates the groundwater quality of an aquifer located in medium-populated area of the Ticino Valley with strong agricultural vocation. Two monitoring campaigns were carried out according to the phases of rice cultivation (pre- and post-flooding) on the subsurface and surface irrigation network, Ticino River and wastewater effluents, highlighting a diffuse contamination. The isotopic analyses evidenced mixing phenomena, with both contributions from local rainfall and irrigation network. Combining chemical and microbiological approaches, the anthropogenic impact was evaluated by analysing a selection of traditional and emerging pollutants, such as pesticides, antibiotics and hormones, and assessing the extent of enterobacterial contamination and potential antibiotic resistance genes. Most of the investigated contaminants were found in concentrations from 0.1 ng/L to 632 ng/L, with the exception of Glyphosate and AMPA up to 5 and 20 μg/L, respectively. Even at these low concentrations, contamination of water resources is a serious issue because long-term exposure to such pollutants may cause detrimental effects. The most frequently detected pesticide was the fungicide Tricyclazole, while glucocorticoid Dexamethasone was the most frequent steroid hormone. Noteworthy is the ubiquity of Trimethoprim and a recurrent presence of fluoroquinolones. The occurrence of antibiotics at most sites, although at very low levels, is of environmental and public health concern, as they exert a selective pressure on bacterial populations, allowing the development of antibiotic resistant microbes, as highlighted by microbiological investigations. Indeed, a high microbial load was found in both campaigns, in particular in those sampling sites close to wastewater treatment plants, with the β-lactams and quinolones classes of antibiotics as the most affected by the phenomenon of resistance.

本研究对提契诺河谷人口中等、农业产业较强的含水层的地下水水质进行了研究。根据水稻种植阶段（洪水前和洪水后），对地下和地表灌溉网络、提契诺河和废水排放进行了两次监测运动，突出了弥漫性污染。同位素分析证明了混合现象，当地降雨和灌溉网络都有贡献。结合化学和微生物学方法，通过分析农药、抗生素和激素等传统和新兴污染物的选择，并评估肠杆菌污染的程度和潜在的抗生素抗性基因，评估了人为影响。除草甘膦和AMPA分别高达5和20 μg/L外，大多数污染物的浓度在0.1 ~ 632 ng/L之间。即使在这种低浓度下，水资源污染也是一个严重问题，因为长期接触这种污染物可能造成有害影响。检出频率最高的农药是杀菌剂三环唑，而检出频率最高的类固醇激素是糖皮质激素地塞米松。值得注意的是甲氧苄啶的普遍存在和氟喹诺酮类药物的反复出现。正如微生物学调查所强调的那样，抗生素在大多数地点的出现，虽然水平很低，但引起了环境和公共卫生方面的关注，因为它们对细菌种群施加了选择性压力，使抗生素耐药微生物得以发展。事实上，在这两个运动中都发现了较高的微生物负荷，特别是在靠近废水处理厂的采样点，β-内酰胺类和喹诺酮类抗生素受耐药性现象影响最大。

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引用次数: 0

Antibiotic resistance occurrence and ecological impact in landfill leachate: A review on compound effect of antibiotics and non-antibiotics 垃圾渗滤液中抗生素耐药性的发生及生态影响：抗生素与非抗生素复合效应研究进展

IF 5.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Emerging Contaminants

Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100508

Yongtao Xu , Dan Li , Ying Yuan , Fei Fang , Beidou Xi , Wenbing Tan

Landfilling remains one of the primary methods for managing municipal solid waste (MSW), processing approximately 350 million tons of waste annually. Among the various components of landfill waste, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), including both antibiotics and non-antibiotic compounds, pose significant environmental challenges. Landfill leachate is a highly complex medium, consisting of diverse contaminants such as non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals (average concentration ∼1.74 μg/L), antibiotics (average concentration ∼527 ng/L), heavy metals, dissolved organic matter, and micro/nano-plastics (concentration range 0.64–2.16 mg/L). This unique mixture can alter the native microbial community structure, profoundly impacting antibiotic resistance, potentially disrupting soil and groundwater ecosystems, and threatening ecological balance. Existing research has extensively investigated the composition, physicochemical properties, environmental behavior, and microbial community structure of landfill leachate, leading to significant advancements in the field. However, due to the complexity and large volume of landfill leachate, current risk assessment approaches predominantly rely on conventional pollutant indicators, and most treatment strategies are designed for general contaminants. There is a lack of systematic descriptions that integrate pollutants with their direct impacts on microbial communities. This review focuses on the current pollution status, spatiotemporal trends, interactions, and migration risks of antibiotics and non-antibiotic pollutants in landfill leachate. In particular, we explore the in situ emergence of antibiotic resistance in landfill leachate (rather than the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes) and examine the influence of various leachate components on antibiotic resistance. By emphasizing the importance of understanding the combined effects of antibiotics and non-antibiotic pollutants in landfill environments, this review highlights the necessity of long-term ecological risk assessments for antibiotic-induced resistance as an emerging contaminant.

填埋仍然是管理城市固体废物（MSW）的主要方法之一，每年处理约3.5亿吨废物。在填埋垃圾的各种成分中，药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs），包括抗生素和非抗生素化合物，构成了重大的环境挑战。垃圾渗滤液是一种高度复杂的介质，由非抗生素药物（平均浓度~ 1.74 μg/L）、抗生素（平均浓度~ 527 ng/L）、重金属、溶解有机物、微/纳米塑料（浓度范围0.64 ~ 2.16 mg/L）等多种污染物组成。这种独特的混合物可以改变本地微生物群落结构，深刻影响抗生素耐药性，潜在地破坏土壤和地下水生态系统，并威胁生态平衡。现有研究对垃圾渗滤液的组成、理化性质、环境行为和微生物群落结构进行了广泛的研究，取得了重大进展。然而，由于垃圾渗滤液的复杂性和体积大，目前的风险评估方法主要依赖于传统的污染物指标，大多数处理策略都是针对一般污染物设计的。缺乏将污染物与其对微生物群落的直接影响结合起来的系统描述。本文综述了垃圾渗滤液中抗生素和非抗生素污染物的污染现状、时空趋势、相互作用及其迁移风险。特别是，我们探讨了垃圾渗滤液中抗生素耐药性的原位出现（而不是抗生素耐药性基因的水平转移），并检查了各种渗滤液成分对抗生素耐药性的影响。通过强调了解抗生素和非抗生素污染物在垃圾填埋场环境中的综合影响的重要性，本综述强调了抗生素引起的耐药性作为一种新兴污染物进行长期生态风险评估的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of anti-androgen cyproterone acetate on sperm characteristics, testosterone level, testicular and liver histology in male goldfish (Carassius auratus) 抗雄激素乙酸环丙孕酮对雄性金鱼精子特征、睾酮水平及睾丸和肝脏组织学的影响

IF 5.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Emerging Contaminants

Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100507

Hamed Abdollahpour , Milad Karimzadeh , Naghmeh Jafari Pastaki , Hosseinali Zamani

Cyproterone acetate (CA), a synthetic anti-androgen, was injected intraperitoneally into fish at two doses (5 and 50 mg/kg body weight) to evaluate its effects on physiological, biochemical, and reproductive parameters. A total of 180 fish were divided into three groups: Control (C), low-dose (LCA), and high-dose (HCA), with two replicates per group. Fish were observed daily for behavior, and water quality was controlled throughout the study. After 28-days of exposure, blood samples were collected to analyze plasma biochemical parameters. Sperm motility, concentration, and histological analyses of testes and liver tissues were also conducted. Results showed a significant dose-dependent decrease in cholesterol, triglycerides, and testosterone levels in the CA-treated groups, with the highest reduction observed in the HCA group (P < 0.05). Sperm motility was significantly reduced in the low-dose (66.1 ± 2.2 %) and high-dose (36.5 ± 3.9 %) groups compared to the control group (79.5 ± 2.2 %). Similarly, sperm concentration and motility time were significantly reduced in the CA-treated groups (P < 0.05). The gonadosomatic index (GSI) also decreased significantly in the treated groups, with the HCA group showing the lowest GSI (P < 0.05), indicating impaired gonadal development. Histological analysis of the testes revealed delayed spermatogenesis, with the HCA group predominantly showing immature gonadal stages (Stage II), and a significant reduction in spermatocytes and spermatozoa. Liver histology indicated necrosis, cell death, blood congestion, and vacuolization in both the LCA and HCA groups, particularly at the high dose (P < 0.05), suggesting hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, CA exerted significant endocrine-disrupting effects in fish, impairing sperm motility, gonadal development, and liver function in a dose-dependent manner. The high-dose treatment caused pronounced effects, including hepatocellular injury and a severe decline in reproductive health. These findings highlight the potential risks of cyproterone acetate as an endocrine disruptor and emphasize the importance of its effects on aquatic species, particularly in ecotoxicological assessments.

将合成抗雄激素醋酸环丙孕酮（Cyproterone acetate， CA）按5和50 mg/kg体重两种剂量腹腔注射给鱼，以评价其对生理、生化和生殖参数的影响。将180尾鱼分为对照组(C)、低剂量组（LCA）和高剂量组（HCA），每组2个重复。研究人员每天观察鱼的行为，并在整个研究过程中控制水质。暴露28天后，采集血样分析血浆生化参数。精子活力、浓度、睾丸和肝脏组织的组织学分析也进行了。结果显示，在ca治疗组中，胆固醇、甘油三酯和睾酮水平有明显的剂量依赖性下降，HCA组的下降幅度最大(P <；0.05)。与对照组（79.5±2.2%）相比，低剂量组（66.1±2.2%）和高剂量组（36.5±3.9%）精子活力显著降低。同样，ca处理组的精子浓度和活动时间显著降低(P <；0.05)。各治疗组的促性腺指数（GSI）也显著降低，其中HCA组的GSI最低(P <；0.05)，表明性腺发育受损。睾丸的组织学分析显示精子发生延迟，HCA组主要表现为未成熟性腺阶段（II期），精母细胞和精子显著减少。肝脏组织学显示LCA组和HCA组均出现坏死、细胞死亡、血液充血和空泡化，特别是在高剂量时(P <；0.05)，提示肝毒性。综上所述，CA对鱼类具有显著的内分泌干扰作用，以剂量依赖的方式损害精子活力、性腺发育和肝功能。高剂量治疗造成了显著影响，包括肝细胞损伤和生殖健康严重下降。这些发现强调了醋酸环丙孕酮作为内分泌干扰物的潜在风险，并强调了其对水生物种影响的重要性，特别是在生态毒理学评估中。

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引用次数: 0

Microplastics in settled indoor dust: Implications for human exposure 室内尘埃中的微塑料：对人体暴露的影响

IF 5.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Emerging Contaminants

Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100506

Hassan Khalid Ageel, Stuart Harrad, Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah

In recent years, microplastics (MPs) occurrence in indoor environments has raised significant concerns due to their distinctive physicochemical properties and potential toxicity. Indoor dust is well-documented as important vector for human exposure to emerging contaminants via inadvertent ingestion. Consequently, the main aim of the present study is to assess human exposure to MPs in settled indoor dust by determining concentrations, and characteristics (size, shape, and polymer type) of MPs in dust samples collected from houses (n = 30) and workplaces (n = 30) in Birmingham, UK. The average MPs concentrations were 155 ± 222 MP/mg in homes, and 125 ± 209 MP/mg in workplaces. Statistical analysis revealed the mean concentration of MPs in the studied homes was significantly higher than that in workplaces, which was attributed mainly to carpeting. In terms of morphology, various shapes of MPs (e.g., fiber, fragment, foam, foil) were identified, with fibres and fragments constituting ∼90 % of the identified MPs in all studied samples. Within the MPs particle size range (10–150 μm) investigated in the current study, the particle size fraction (50–100 μm) was predominant (>49 %) in all the studied samples, followed by particles >100 μm, with fibres having the largest average size (67 μm) among the detected MPs shapes. Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) were the most abundant polymer types in the studied samples, followed by Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). Typical daily exposures of UK adults and toddlers to MPs through inadvertent ingestion of indoor dust were estimated at 56 and 103 MPs/day. The higher exposure of toddlers was exacerbated by their lower body weight with an estimated typical exposure of 9.7 MP/kg Bw/day, compared to 0.8 MP/kg Bw/day for adults. The higher ingestion exposure to MPs in toddlers raises concern over potential adverse health effects due to their incompletely developed immune and nervous systems.

近年来，由于微塑料具有独特的物理化学性质和潜在的毒性，其在室内环境中的存在引起了人们的极大关注。有充分证据表明，室内灰尘是人类通过无意摄入而暴露于新出现的污染物的重要载体。因此，本研究的主要目的是通过确定从英国伯明翰的房屋（n = 30）和工作场所（n = 30）收集的灰尘样本中MPs的浓度和特征（大小、形状和聚合物类型）来评估人类对室内尘埃中MPs的暴露。家中MPs平均浓度为155±222 MP/mg，工作场所为125±209 MP/mg。统计分析显示，在被研究的家庭中，MPs的平均浓度明显高于工作场所，这主要归因于地毯。在形态方面，鉴定了各种形状的MPs（例如，纤维，碎片，泡沫，箔），在所有研究样品中，纤维和碎片占鉴定的MPs的90%。在本研究研究的MPs粒径范围（10-150 μm）内，在所有研究样品中，粒径分数（50-100 μm）占主导地位（> 49%），其次是粒径为>；100 μm的颗粒，在检测到的MPs形状中，纤维的平均粒径最大（67 μm）。聚丙烯（PP）和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）是研究样品中最丰富的聚合物类型，其次是聚氯乙烯（PVC）。据估计，英国成年人和幼儿每天因无意中摄入室内灰尘而接触到MPs的典型量为56和103 MPs/天。幼儿较低的体重加剧了较高的暴露量，估计典型暴露量为9.7 MP/kg Bw/天，而成人为0.8 MP/kg Bw/天。由于幼儿的免疫和神经系统发育不完全，摄入较多的MPs引起了人们对潜在的不良健康影响的担忧。

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引用次数: 0

Challenges and persistence of contact lenses in wastewater treatment plants: Environmental implications 隐形眼镜在污水处理厂的挑战和持久性：环境影响

IF 5.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Emerging Contaminants

Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100505

Rita Martins- Alves , Ana Vera Machado , Fernanda Cássio , Madalena Lira

Contact Lens (CLs) are often disposed of via toilet or sinks, ending up in the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Millions of CLs enter WWTPs worldwide each year in macro and micro sizes. Despite WWTPs' ability to remove solids, CLs can persist and potentially contaminate watercourses and soils.

This study evaluates whether different CLs degrade in WWTP aeration tanks. Six daily CLs (Nelfilcon A, Delefilcon A, Nesofilcon A, Stenfilcon A, Narafilcon A, Somofilcon A) and four monthly CLs (Lotrafilcon B, Comfilcon A, Senofilcon A, and Samfilcon A) were immersed in aeration tanks for twelve weeks. Their physical and chemical properties, including water content (WC), refractive index (RI), chemical properties (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and mechanical properties were assessed.

Results show that all CLs maintained their physical appearance after 12 weeks. Neither Nelfilcon A nor Narafilcon A exhibited significant changes in WC and RI, (p > 0.05, Tukey test), while other daily lenses showed variations in at least one parameter.

Among monthly CLs, only Senofilcon A showed significant differences in both WC (p < 0.001, Tukey test) and RI (p < 0.0001, Tukey test). No differences in Young's modulus were observed for any lenses (p > 0.05 Tukey test). However, Somofilcon A displayed significant changes in stress at break (p < 0.0001, Tukey test), and Elongation at Break (p < 0.05, Tukey test). No changes were found in the chemical structure of any CLs suggesting that twelve weeks in WWTP aeration tanks is insufficient for CLs degradation. These findings highlight CLs as a potential emerging pollutant, emphasizing their persistence in sludge or migration into watercourses and soils.

隐形眼镜（CLs）通常通过厕所或水槽处理，最终进入污水处理厂（WWTPs）。全球每年有数百万的CLs以宏观和微观的方式进入WWTPs。尽管污水处理机具有去除固体的能力，但CLs可能会持续存在，并可能污染水道和土壤。本研究评价了不同氯化氯在污水处理厂曝气池中的降解情况。将6个日型超滤细胞（Nelfilcon A、delfilcon A、nesfilcon A、Stenfilcon A、Narafilcon A、somfilcon A）和4个月型超滤细胞（Lotrafilcon B、Comfilcon A、senfilcon A和Samfilcon A）浸泡在曝气池中12周。评估了它们的物理和化学性质，包括含水量（WC）、折射率（RI）、化学性质（傅立叶变换红外光谱）和力学性能。结果显示，所有CLs在12周后保持其物理外观。Nelfilcon A和Narafilcon A均未表现出WC和RI的显著变化(p >；0.05， Tukey检验)，而其他日常镜头显示至少一个参数的变化。在月度CLs中，只有Senofilcon A在两种WC (p <；0.001， Tukey检验)和RI (p <；0.0001， Tukey检验)。任何透镜的杨氏模量均无差异(p >；0.05 Tukey检验)。然而，Somofilcon A在断裂时表现出显著的应力变化(p <；0.0001， Tukey检验)，断裂伸长率(p <；0.05， Tukey检验)。在化学结构上没有发现任何CLs的变化，这表明在污水处理厂曝气池中12周的时间不足以降解CLs。这些发现突出了氯化氯作为一种潜在的新兴污染物，强调了它们在污泥中持续存在或迁移到水道和土壤中。

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引用次数: 0