Eksperimentalna meditsina i morfologiia最新文献

The morphological characteristics of neurones in the lower olivary complex of ground squirrels at various age were studied by electron microscope. Some peculiarities in the ultrastructure of these neurones were described as the presence of prickles, fringes. Changes which occurred with advancement of age, were studied such as: an increase in the number of intranuclear inclusions, an accumulation of a large amount of elderly pigment under the form of lipofudcinis, lamellar bodies, myelin-like figures, vacuole-like bodies and nucleolus-like inclusions, called also nematosomes. On the basis of the analysis of ultrastructural peculiarities of neurones in the lower olivary complex of ground squirrels at various age the changes, which occurred during various functional states and during aging, are discussed.

The influence of ACTH, CHM and of ACTH + CHM was studied on lipid metabolism of lungs of rats by usage of a radioactive precursor 14C-acetate. It was established that the biosynthesis of total lipids, of triacylglycerols as well as of free fatty acids was increased under the influence of ACTH and CHM as this effect was mostly manifested after combined action of ACTH and CHM. The investigated factors manifested inhibiting effect on the synthesis of free cholesterol and total phospholipids. ACTH stimulated incorporation of 14C-acetate in the glycerol part of triacylglycerols as well as of the total phospholipids, while CHM and the combination of CHM and ACTH had inhibiting effect on the biosynthesis of the glycerol part of triacylglycerols and of total phospholipids.

The effect of the commercial lectin (Con A, PHA, SRA, WGA and UEA) as well as of the prepared by us extract from roots of Arum maculatum (Am and AM 80 degrees C) was studied on migration of human spermatozoa in bovine estrous cervical mucus, using the capillary sperm penetration test of Kremmer. It was established that Con A, PHA and AM inhibited the migration of spermatozoa in a concentration, in which they agglutinated human spermatozoa in vitro. Nonagglutinating human spermatozoa SBA and AM 80 degrees C inhibited also the migration of spermatozoa in the mucus.

The morphological peculiarities of neurones and astrocytes in the sensorimotor cortex of mature (over 3 months) and elderly (over 24 months) rats were studied at electron microscopic level. Intranuclear inclusions are found in the nuclei of pyramidal neurones from the third and fifth layer. On the basis of their fine structure they could be grouped into the following types: 1. Filamentous bundles. 2. Filamentous crystalloids. 3. Granulofilamentous bodies. 4. Membrane-enclosed inclusions. 5. Combined intranuclear inclusions. Filamentous crystalloids are found in two varieties, composed of filaments with various diameter and way of arrangement. Membrane-enclosed bodies are formed as small vesicles or large vacuoles. Combinations from various types of inclusions in the nucleus of a neurone are discovered frequently. Only intranuclear inclusions of the type of membrane-enclosed bodies are observed in the nuclei of astrocytes. These bodies are found only in the nuclei of astrocytes of elderly animals. On the basis of the comparative analysis between ultrastructural characteristics and frequency of intranuclear inclusions in pyramidal neurones and astrocytes in sensorimotor cortex of mature and elderly rats their probable connection with age changes in the central nervous system is discussed.

The prophylactic effect of tetralabdanes, obtained by chemical decomposition of the natural diterpene sclareol (Il. Ognianov and T. Somleva) on the growth of artificially induced lung metastases was studied. After intravenous administration of 25 mg/kg of sclareol-lacton 30 minutes before the transplantation of tumorous cells of Lewis [correction of Luis] lung carcinoma the number of metastases was reduced with 37.5% but in a dose of 50 mg/kg from--33 to 63%. In a dose of 100 mg/kg of sclareol-lacton metastases were increased with 2--7%. Sclareolglycol administered in a dose of 25 mg/kg under the same experimental conditions, reduced lung metastases with 38%, but in a dose of 50 mg/kg--from 26% to 61%. Its administration in a dose of 100 mg/kg stimulated their formation with 62%.

The antiarrhythmic activity of IST was studied on some experimental models of cardiac arrhythmia--caused by adrenaline in rats, caused by barium in non-narcotized rabbits, caused by strophanthin in guinea pigs, caused by aconitine and calcium in rats. Rhythmic disturbances were recorded by a 12-channel polyphysiograph "Galileo" or a single-channel electrocardiograph "Cardiomat". The obtained results showed that IST manifested antiarrhythmic activity in respect to adrenaline, barium and strophanthin arrhythmias without affecting substantially aconitine and calcium arrhythmias. It is thought that antiarrhythmic activity of IST, found in the indicated experimental models of cardiac arrhythmias, is most probably connected with a lowering of the peripheral sympathetic activity, realized by a central way.

Production of effective anti-inflammatory drugs, affecting not only the acute but also the destructive phase of the inflammatory process is actual problem of pharmacology. One of the directions of production is the synthesis of drugs, which affect lipoxygenase way of metabolism of arachidonic acid, It is established that cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin greater than diclophenac greater than pyroxicam greater than flurbirpophen greater than metamizol are characterized by various mechanism and degree of effect on prostaglandin profile. Indomethacin and diclophanac at high concentrations enhance the formation of lipoxygenase product 12-HETE, which causes a series of side effects and affects slightly destructive inflammatory changes. The combination with lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguayretic acid (NDGA) induces inhibition of 12-HETE as well similar to the mixed cyclo-lipoxygenase blocker BW 755C. Effects analogous to BW 755C manifests glyciritinic acid at concentration of 2.10(-5)-1.10(-4) M. A correlation is found between the degree of the effect on prostaglandin synthesis and release of lysosomal enzymes from leucocytes. The possibility is discussed to produce combined preparations, affecting destructive inflammatory changes and reducing a series of side actions connected with damage of trophism of organism, by combining optimal proportions of cyclo- and lipoxygenase blockers.

The distribution of actin in neurons of sensorimotor cortex of newborn, 3-month- and 12-old-month old rats was studied by an immunohistochemical method. There was a diffuse staining of perikarya [correction of perikaryocytes] in contrast to the mature 3-month-old rats in which immunopositive material was located mainly at the periphery of neuronal bodies. A diffuse immunostaining was established in some nerve cells of the elderly 12-month-old rats.