Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.21608/esugj.2022.158495.1018
A. Zohri, S. Ibrahim, Maysa M. A. Ali
Environmentally friendly technologies are becoming more popular because of the increase in environmental pollution. One of them is the ethanol production process using renewable resources. One of these renewable resources is Sugar Beet Pulp (SBP) as a renewable, available and inexpensive raw material with high sugar content for ethanol fermentation. The process of converting biomass to ethanol consists mainly of three stages: pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. In this study, ethanol production from SBP was achieved through three steps: acid treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose content in treated SBP into fermentable sugar and fermentation of fermentable sugar to ethanol. The weight of dried SBP after acid treatment was 34% of the original dried SBP. Two cellulase commercial enzymes named SternEnzymeC21032 and Cellic C Tec2 were used for hydrolysis of cellulose content in 10 and 15% solid load of the treated SBP. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains CY3079 and AH15 were used for the fermentation of the reduced sugar. The highest ethanol yields by S. cerevisiae CY3079 and AH15 were 5.61 and 5.58% of reduced sugar in hydrolyzed SBP with a 15% solid load. According to the results reported in this study, each ton of dried SBP gives 100 kg of ethanol. However, this level is relatively low, and more experiments are still needed to increase the productivity of this bioprocess.
由于环境污染日益严重，环境友好型技术越来越受欢迎。其中之一是利用可再生资源生产乙醇的过程。甜菜果肉是一种可再生、廉价、高糖的乙醇发酵原料。生物质转化为乙醇的过程主要包括预处理、酶解和发酵三个阶段。在这项研究中，从SBP中生产乙醇通过三个步骤:酸处理，酶解SBP中纤维素含量为可发酵糖，可发酵糖发酵为乙醇。酸处理后的干燥SBP重量为原始干燥SBP的34%。两种纤维素酶sternenzyme 21032和Cellic C Tec2分别用于水解处理后的SBP在10%和15%固载下的纤维素含量。利用酿酒酵母CY3079和AH15菌株进行还原糖的发酵。在固体负荷为15%的条件下，酿酒酵母CY3079和AH15水解SBP的乙醇收率分别为5.61%和5.58%。根据本研究报告的结果，每吨干燥的SBP可产生100公斤乙醇。然而，这一水平相对较低，还需要更多的实验来提高这一生物过程的生产率。
{"title":"Separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) of pretreated sugar beet pulp (SBP) into ethanol","authors":"A. Zohri, S. Ibrahim, Maysa M. A. Ali","doi":"10.21608/esugj.2022.158495.1018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/esugj.2022.158495.1018","url":null,"abstract":"Environmentally friendly technologies are becoming more popular because of the increase in environmental pollution. One of them is the ethanol production process using renewable resources. One of these renewable resources is Sugar Beet Pulp (SBP) as a renewable, available and inexpensive raw material with high sugar content for ethanol fermentation. The process of converting biomass to ethanol consists mainly of three stages: pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. In this study, ethanol production from SBP was achieved through three steps: acid treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose content in treated SBP into fermentable sugar and fermentation of fermentable sugar to ethanol. The weight of dried SBP after acid treatment was 34% of the original dried SBP. Two cellulase commercial enzymes named SternEnzymeC21032 and Cellic C Tec2 were used for hydrolysis of cellulose content in 10 and 15% solid load of the treated SBP. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains CY3079 and AH15 were used for the fermentation of the reduced sugar. The highest ethanol yields by S. cerevisiae CY3079 and AH15 were 5.61 and 5.58% of reduced sugar in hydrolyzed SBP with a 15% solid load. According to the results reported in this study, each ton of dried SBP gives 100 kg of ethanol. However, this level is relatively low, and more experiments are still needed to increase the productivity of this bioprocess.","PeriodicalId":11564,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Sugar Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85090223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-11DOI: 10.21608/esugj.2022.150163.1015
S. Mostafa, M. Gameh, Mohamed Abd ElWahab, Mohamed El Desoky, O. Negim
This study aims to investigate the environmental negative and positive impacts of treated sewage water on the soil at two sites (El Cola and El-Deir), Sohag Governorate, Egypt. The changes in soil properties and nutrient contents due to prolonged treated sewage water irrigation were also studied compared to non-irrigated soils on the subsurface layers. The results indicate that most of the soil samples in El Cola and El Deir area - Sohag governorate have a sandy texture. soil pH values of the studied area varied between 7.1 and 8.23 In most cases, pH of the surface layers was lower than that of the subsurface ones, especially for those irrigated by sewage water for a long time (20, 19, 29 and 21 years). The ECe values of the soils (El Cola and El Deir) ranged from 0.7 to 1.4 ds/m with an average value of 1.1 dS/m. Most of the cultivated soil samples had low salinity (ECe < 4dS/m). In most of the sewage water irrigated soils, the surface layers showed higher ECe values than the subsurface ones due to the salt accumulation of this sewage water. Moreover, soil organic matter content tended to decrease with depth and soil prolonged irrigated with sewage water increased the soil organic matter compared to the short time irrigated soil. In general, the results also showed that increases in the total N, available phosphorus and available K of all studied soils irrigated with sewage water occurred compared to those of the non-irrigated soil. The soils irrigated with sewage water for a long time were higher than those under short-term use. A positive significant correlation between nutrients (total N and available K) and soil organic matter was found and it suggests that sewage irrigation helps to increase levels of soil organic matter and hence improve the fertility status of the soil.,Regarding to heavy metals, the soil contents of all investigated heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni) are lower than their corresponding values of the common range, background and average concentrations for world soils. However, in term of contamination factor (CF), the soil samples have CF values ranged from 1 to 48 in El-Cola and from 0.6 to 19 in El-Deir, indicating the pollution levels are in the range of low or moderate to very high levels Among all metals, Pb showed the highest values of CF (48 mg per kg).
{"title":"Environmental negative and positive impacts of treated sewage water on the soil: A case study from Sohag Governorate, Egypt","authors":"S. Mostafa, M. Gameh, Mohamed Abd ElWahab, Mohamed El Desoky, O. Negim","doi":"10.21608/esugj.2022.150163.1015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/esugj.2022.150163.1015","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the environmental negative and positive impacts of treated sewage water on the soil at two sites (El Cola and El-Deir), Sohag Governorate, Egypt. The changes in soil properties and nutrient contents due to prolonged treated sewage water irrigation were also studied compared to non-irrigated soils on the subsurface layers. The results indicate that most of the soil samples in El Cola and El Deir area - Sohag governorate have a sandy texture. soil pH values of the studied area varied between 7.1 and 8.23 In most cases, pH of the surface layers was lower than that of the subsurface ones, especially for those irrigated by sewage water for a long time (20, 19, 29 and 21 years). The ECe values of the soils (El Cola and El Deir) ranged from 0.7 to 1.4 ds/m with an average value of 1.1 dS/m. Most of the cultivated soil samples had low salinity (ECe < 4dS/m). In most of the sewage water irrigated soils, the surface layers showed higher ECe values than the subsurface ones due to the salt accumulation of this sewage water. Moreover, soil organic matter content tended to decrease with depth and soil prolonged irrigated with sewage water increased the soil organic matter compared to the short time irrigated soil. In general, the results also showed that increases in the total N, available phosphorus and available K of all studied soils irrigated with sewage water occurred compared to those of the non-irrigated soil. The soils irrigated with sewage water for a long time were higher than those under short-term use. A positive significant correlation between nutrients (total N and available K) and soil organic matter was found and it suggests that sewage irrigation helps to increase levels of soil organic matter and hence improve the fertility status of the soil.,Regarding to heavy metals, the soil contents of all investigated heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni) are lower than their corresponding values of the common range, background and average concentrations for world soils. However, in term of contamination factor (CF), the soil samples have CF values ranged from 1 to 48 in El-Cola and from 0.6 to 19 in El-Deir, indicating the pollution levels are in the range of low or moderate to very high levels Among all metals, Pb showed the highest values of CF (48 mg per kg).","PeriodicalId":11564,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Sugar Journal","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77144114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.21608/esugj.2022.150162.1014
S. Mostafa, M. Gameh, Mohamed Abd ElWahab, Mohamed El Desoky, O. Negim
The objective of this study was to assess the physicochemical parameters of effluents from sewage treatment plant effluents: A case study from Sohage Governorate, Egypt. Additionally, the levels of heavy metals were evaluated. The quality of effluent from the sewage treatment plant was assessed to determine the effect that may have appeared on environmental pollution. Effluents were sampled before treatment and after treatment were collected and analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrates, phosphate, oil and grease. After treatment, the average values were 7.4 and 8.08 for pH, 523 and 484 for TDS, 45 for NO 3 , 8 and 9 for NO 2 , 171 and 24.1 for BOD, 227 and 72.5 for COD, 22 and 5.5 for oil and grease, 5.4 and 9.2 for TKN, and 2.8 and 0.19 for PO 4 , 3.9 and 0.22 for H 2 S, and 0.5 and 4.28 at west Sohag and El-Cola treatment plant, respectively. Most of these parameters, including BOD, COD,total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), PO 4 , H2S and oil and grease at west Sohag sewage treatment plant, DO at El-Cola, NO 2 and NO 3 at two treatment plants, were above the Egyptian standards. However, the results indicate that the estimated concentration of heavy metals (Al, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Cd, Zn, Cr, Hg, V, Co, Br, Mo) in waste disposal (final seepage) are generally low at the two treatment plants and they do not exceed the permissible limits for the Egyptian code. It could be concluded that caution must be taken during the discharge of poor-quality effluent (especially from west Sohag treatment plant) into the environment.
{"title":"Assessment of the physicochemical and toxic trace metals of sewage effluents: A case study from Sohag governorate, Egypt","authors":"S. Mostafa, M. Gameh, Mohamed Abd ElWahab, Mohamed El Desoky, O. Negim","doi":"10.21608/esugj.2022.150162.1014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/esugj.2022.150162.1014","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to assess the physicochemical parameters of effluents from sewage treatment plant effluents: A case study from Sohage Governorate, Egypt. Additionally, the levels of heavy metals were evaluated. The quality of effluent from the sewage treatment plant was assessed to determine the effect that may have appeared on environmental pollution. Effluents were sampled before treatment and after treatment were collected and analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrates, phosphate, oil and grease. After treatment, the average values were 7.4 and 8.08 for pH, 523 and 484 for TDS, 45 for NO 3 , 8 and 9 for NO 2 , 171 and 24.1 for BOD, 227 and 72.5 for COD, 22 and 5.5 for oil and grease, 5.4 and 9.2 for TKN, and 2.8 and 0.19 for PO 4 , 3.9 and 0.22 for H 2 S, and 0.5 and 4.28 at west Sohag and El-Cola treatment plant, respectively. Most of these parameters, including BOD, COD,total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), PO 4 , H2S and oil and grease at west Sohag sewage treatment plant, DO at El-Cola, NO 2 and NO 3 at two treatment plants, were above the Egyptian standards. However, the results indicate that the estimated concentration of heavy metals (Al, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Cd, Zn, Cr, Hg, V, Co, Br, Mo) in waste disposal (final seepage) are generally low at the two treatment plants and they do not exceed the permissible limits for the Egyptian code. It could be concluded that caution must be taken during the discharge of poor-quality effluent (especially from west Sohag treatment plant) into the environment.","PeriodicalId":11564,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Sugar Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82318501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.21608/esugj.2022.152681.1016
A. Zohri, G. Mohamed, E. Hafez, F. Fahmy
Ethanol is one of the most important biofuels that can be produced from different renewable sources. Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is used as renewable and cheap raw material for ethanol production. SBP is the by-product of the sugar industry from sugar beet that is used as animal feed after processing (pressing, dehydration, and pelletizing). Ethanol from SBP will be more profitable value than the other uses as animal feed.The two highest cellulases producer isolates S11 and S88 from the previous work were subjected to DNA identification using the 16S rRNA gene. 16S rRNA is tool used to identify the origin, classification, evolutionary and relationship history. The isolates S11 ( Streptomyces sp. strain FDZH12) and S88 ( Streptococcus mitis strain FDZH16) had been submitted to EMBL and their accession numbers are OK033363 and OK033364, respectively. Cellulase gene from S11 Streptomyces FDZH12 then cloned into E.coli to produce superior strain for cellulases production.The recombinant E. coli was confirmed by colony PCR using gene-specific primers of cellulases. Ethanol production from SBP is achieved through three steps: first, acid-base treatment for SBP and then the resulting cellulose content hydrolyzed to fermentable sugar using genetically engineered E.coli cloned by cellulases enzyme. Finally, the fermentable sugar is fermented to ethanol using S.cereviciae FDZH2O The weight of dried SBP after acid-base treatment was 45.5 % of the original dried SBP. Cellulose contents of untreated SBP were 27.95 % and reached 84.22 % after acid-base treatment (842.2g/kg). The maximum yields of glucose by the recombinant E.coli after 24 hours of saccharification of treated SBP were 28.36 g/50 g of acid base treated SBP (67.52% of their cellulose content). _______________________________________ Each 100 ml saccharified solution has 5.672 g glucose. After fermentation, each 100 ml saccharified solution has 2.83 ethanol (0.5008 g/g sugar 98% of the theoretical value). The maximum yield of ethanol by S. cerevisiae FDZH2O (equal to 14.20 g ethanol / 50 g of hydrolyzed SBP which have 42.11 g cellulose) and achieved at pH 6, 30 ºC, and 10% inoculum size after 72 hours of fermentation. According to the mass balance in our study each 6.557 kg, wet beet pulp with the moisture of 86% produces 1 kg dried SBP (DSBP) with moisture of 7.92% then after acid-base treatment produces 455 g treated DSBP that saccharified by recombinant E. coli into 258 g glucose and fermented finally by S. Cerevisiae into 129.24 g ethanol. This level is relatively low and more experiments are still needed to increase the productivity of this bioprocess.
{"title":"Production of Bio-ethanol from sugar beet pulp using recombinant E. coli and S. cereviceae","authors":"A. Zohri, G. Mohamed, E. Hafez, F. Fahmy","doi":"10.21608/esugj.2022.152681.1016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/esugj.2022.152681.1016","url":null,"abstract":"Ethanol is one of the most important biofuels that can be produced from different renewable sources. Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is used as renewable and cheap raw material for ethanol production. SBP is the by-product of the sugar industry from sugar beet that is used as animal feed after processing (pressing, dehydration, and pelletizing). Ethanol from SBP will be more profitable value than the other uses as animal feed.The two highest cellulases producer isolates S11 and S88 from the previous work were subjected to DNA identification using the 16S rRNA gene. 16S rRNA is tool used to identify the origin, classification, evolutionary and relationship history. The isolates S11 ( Streptomyces sp. strain FDZH12) and S88 ( Streptococcus mitis strain FDZH16) had been submitted to EMBL and their accession numbers are OK033363 and OK033364, respectively. Cellulase gene from S11 Streptomyces FDZH12 then cloned into E.coli to produce superior strain for cellulases production.The recombinant E. coli was confirmed by colony PCR using gene-specific primers of cellulases. Ethanol production from SBP is achieved through three steps: first, acid-base treatment for SBP and then the resulting cellulose content hydrolyzed to fermentable sugar using genetically engineered E.coli cloned by cellulases enzyme. Finally, the fermentable sugar is fermented to ethanol using S.cereviciae FDZH2O The weight of dried SBP after acid-base treatment was 45.5 % of the original dried SBP. Cellulose contents of untreated SBP were 27.95 % and reached 84.22 % after acid-base treatment (842.2g/kg). The maximum yields of glucose by the recombinant E.coli after 24 hours of saccharification of treated SBP were 28.36 g/50 g of acid base treated SBP (67.52% of their cellulose content). _______________________________________ Each 100 ml saccharified solution has 5.672 g glucose. After fermentation, each 100 ml saccharified solution has 2.83 ethanol (0.5008 g/g sugar 98% of the theoretical value). The maximum yield of ethanol by S. cerevisiae FDZH2O (equal to 14.20 g ethanol / 50 g of hydrolyzed SBP which have 42.11 g cellulose) and achieved at pH 6, 30 ºC, and 10% inoculum size after 72 hours of fermentation. According to the mass balance in our study each 6.557 kg, wet beet pulp with the moisture of 86% produces 1 kg dried SBP (DSBP) with moisture of 7.92% then after acid-base treatment produces 455 g treated DSBP that saccharified by recombinant E. coli into 258 g glucose and fermented finally by S. Cerevisiae into 129.24 g ethanol. This level is relatively low and more experiments are still needed to increase the productivity of this bioprocess.","PeriodicalId":11564,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Sugar Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79270003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.21608/esugj.2022.143054.1011
A. Zohri, M. Soliman, O. Ibrahim, A. Abdelaziz
The world energy scene is undergoing a period of transition. As the inevitability of exhaustion of fossil fuels is becoming increasingly intensive, efforts are exerted to find and use substitutes for energy. Bioethanol is one of the most substitute renewable fuels contributing to the reduction of the global warming effect and negative environmental impact. Bioethanol production generally utilizes derivatives from food crops such as corn grain and sugarcane. In Egypt, sugarcane molasses is mainly used as feedstock for bioethanol production. However, molasses contains a concentration of heavy metals. Heavy metals are presented in high concentrations in the fermentation medium causing a critical problem during fermentation. This study focuses on reducing heavy metals content in molasses to improve bioethanol fermentation using heating, centrifugation, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid. Heating and centrifugation were sufficient to decrease Ca with less effect on other metals. Sulfuric acid reduced heavy metals content and the reduction addition of phosphoric acid had less effect on lowering the levels of heavy metals in molasses. Pretreatment of molasses with 0.3% H2SO4 decreased the contents of various inhibitory metals: Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn making molasses healthier for fermentation by yeast strains and increasing subsequent ethanol yield as well as high fermentation efficiency.
{"title":"Reducing heavy metals content in sugarcane molasses and its effect on ethanol fermentation efficiency","authors":"A. Zohri, M. Soliman, O. Ibrahim, A. Abdelaziz","doi":"10.21608/esugj.2022.143054.1011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/esugj.2022.143054.1011","url":null,"abstract":"The world energy scene is undergoing a period of transition. As the inevitability of exhaustion of fossil fuels is becoming increasingly intensive, efforts are exerted to find and use substitutes for energy. Bioethanol is one of the most substitute renewable fuels contributing to the reduction of the global warming effect and negative environmental impact. Bioethanol production generally utilizes derivatives from food crops such as corn grain and sugarcane. In Egypt, sugarcane molasses is mainly used as feedstock for bioethanol production. However, molasses contains a concentration of heavy metals. Heavy metals are presented in high concentrations in the fermentation medium causing a critical problem during fermentation. This study focuses on reducing heavy metals content in molasses to improve bioethanol fermentation using heating, centrifugation, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid. Heating and centrifugation were sufficient to decrease Ca with less effect on other metals. Sulfuric acid reduced heavy metals content and the reduction addition of phosphoric acid had less effect on lowering the levels of heavy metals in molasses. Pretreatment of molasses with 0.3% H2SO4 decreased the contents of various inhibitory metals: Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn making molasses healthier for fermentation by yeast strains and increasing subsequent ethanol yield as well as high fermentation efficiency.","PeriodicalId":11564,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Sugar Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76168451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.21608/esugj.2022.138312.1008
A. K. Kamal El‐dean, M. Tolba, Mohamed F. Galal, Najat O. A. Al-Salahi, E. Hashem
Antibiotic pollution in the aquatic environment has emerged as one of the most serious concerns caused by the use of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Antibiotic levels in wastewater from pharmaceutical factories and hospitals have been detected at varying levels. An effective method for the removal of ceftriaxone (a β-lactam antibiotic) in aqueous systems has been developed. The method uses Fe(III) to complex ceftriaxone and removes it from the solution. Ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) detection techniques were used to identify the ceftriaxone-Fe(III) complex, while high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was used to quantify the amount of ceftriaxone removed. Results showed that 99.7 % of ceftriaxone was removed in 3 h by Fe (III) ions in a 1:1 concentration ratio at pH 3.3 and at room temperature. The study demonstrated that reaction time, and concentration ratio of the reactants are critical parameters for effective complexation. The complexation reaction technique has the potential to be used in a treatment process for the removal of ceftriaxone chemically from industrial wastewater. However, a neutralization step is required to process the waste aqueous phase.
水生环境中的抗生素污染已成为使用药品和个人护理产品(PPCPs)引起的最严重问题之一。在制药厂和医院的废水中已检测到不同水平的抗生素含量。建立了一种有效的去除头孢曲松(一种β-内酰胺抗生素)的方法。该方法使用Fe(III)络合头孢曲松并将其从溶液中去除。采用紫外(UV)和傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)检测技术对头孢曲松- fe (III)配合物进行鉴定，采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)定量头孢曲松的脱除量。结果表明:在pH 3.3、室温条件下，以1:1的浓度Fe ~ (III)离子在3h内脱除头孢曲松99.7%;研究表明，反应时间和反应物的浓度比是有效络合的关键参数。络合反应技术有潜力用于从工业废水中化学去除头孢曲松的处理过程。然而，需要一个中和步骤来处理废水相
{"title":"Detection of Ceftriaxone antibiotic and removal via complexation with Fe (III)","authors":"A. K. Kamal El‐dean, M. Tolba, Mohamed F. Galal, Najat O. A. Al-Salahi, E. Hashem","doi":"10.21608/esugj.2022.138312.1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/esugj.2022.138312.1008","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic pollution in the aquatic environment has emerged as one of the most serious concerns caused by the use of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Antibiotic levels in wastewater from pharmaceutical factories and hospitals have been detected at varying levels. An effective method for the removal of ceftriaxone (a β-lactam antibiotic) in aqueous systems has been developed. The method uses Fe(III) to complex ceftriaxone and removes it from the solution. Ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) detection techniques were used to identify the ceftriaxone-Fe(III) complex, while high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was used to quantify the amount of ceftriaxone removed. Results showed that 99.7 % of ceftriaxone was removed in 3 h by Fe (III) ions in a 1:1 concentration ratio at pH 3.3 and at room temperature. The study demonstrated that reaction time, and concentration ratio of the reactants are critical parameters for effective complexation. The complexation reaction technique has the potential to be used in a treatment process for the removal of ceftriaxone chemically from industrial wastewater. However, a neutralization step is required to process the waste aqueous phase.","PeriodicalId":11564,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Sugar Journal","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81105948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.21608/esugj.2022.129137.1009
F. Fahmy, A. Zohri, G. Mohamed, E. Hafez
Introduction Sugar beet is considered the second source of sugar production in the world, but it becomes the first source in Egypt and several other countries all over the world. The present study aimed to convert the agro-industrial beet pulp that consists of cellulosic material into fermentable sugars as a friendly source of energy. The cellulases producing bacteria and actinomycetes are associated with beets' pulps and roots. The study also aimed to optimize the conditions of cellulases production, e.g., incubation time, temperature and pH. One hundred and two isolates of bacteria and actinomycetes were isolated from these samples and then screened to determine their potency to produce cellulases. Seven isolates were recorded as high producers (two from rhizospheres, one from endophytes, and four from the beet pulp). These seven isolates were classified according to morphological and biochemical tests as S11 (Streptomyces), S31 (Streptomyces), S45 (Bacillus), and S72 (Bacillus), S73 (Streptomyces), S85 (Streptococcus) and S88 (Bacillus). Optimization for the incubation period, temperature, and pH showed that activities of the highest three tested isolates S11, S45, and S88 were 0.73, 0.17, and 0.54 U/ml after two days of the incubation period. These levels increased to 1.33, 0.24 and 0.76 U/ml on the fourth incubation day at different temperatures and pH degrees. According to the results, it is recommended to use bacteria (Streptomyces), which is sample No. S11 isolated from the rhizosphere soil of beetroots was the high producer of cellulases at 50°C and pH 7.
{"title":"Sugar beet is a suitable source for cellulases-producing bacteria and actinomycetes","authors":"F. Fahmy, A. Zohri, G. Mohamed, E. Hafez","doi":"10.21608/esugj.2022.129137.1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/esugj.2022.129137.1009","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Sugar beet is considered the second source of sugar production in the world, but it becomes the first source in Egypt and several other countries all over the world. The present study aimed to convert the agro-industrial beet pulp that consists of cellulosic material into fermentable sugars as a friendly source of energy. The cellulases producing bacteria and actinomycetes are associated with beets' pulps and roots. The study also aimed to optimize the conditions of cellulases production, e.g., incubation time, temperature and pH. One hundred and two isolates of bacteria and actinomycetes were isolated from these samples and then screened to determine their potency to produce cellulases. Seven isolates were recorded as high producers (two from rhizospheres, one from endophytes, and four from the beet pulp). These seven isolates were classified according to morphological and biochemical tests as S11 (Streptomyces), S31 (Streptomyces), S45 (Bacillus), and S72 (Bacillus), S73 (Streptomyces), S85 (Streptococcus) and S88 (Bacillus). Optimization for the incubation period, temperature, and pH showed that activities of the highest three tested isolates S11, S45, and S88 were 0.73, 0.17, and 0.54 U/ml after two days of the incubation period. These levels increased to 1.33, 0.24 and 0.76 U/ml on the fourth incubation day at different temperatures and pH degrees. According to the results, it is recommended to use bacteria (Streptomyces), which is sample No. S11 isolated from the rhizosphere soil of beetroots was the high producer of cellulases at 50°C and pH 7.","PeriodicalId":11564,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Sugar Journal","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75130192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-15DOI: 10.21608/esugj.2022.128090.1006
A. Zohri, M. Soliman, O. Ibrahim, Adel Abdel Aziz
11 / Published online: 15 May 2022 Abstract Introduction Bioethanol is one of the most employed liquid biofuels due to the easy adaptability of this fuel to existing engines and because this is a cleaner fuel with a higher-octane rating than gasoline. Among the widely used substrates for ethanol production is sugarcane molasses. Unsuitable storage of molasses results in deterioration of fermentable sugars consequently ethanol yield quality and efficiency. The present study aimed to shed light on the effect of the storage period on the efficiency of sugarcane molasses and its effect on ethanol fermentation efficiency in distillery factories. The results showed that the total fermentable and non-fermentable sugars involved in sugar cane molasses varied between samples that were collected according to the location source. Also, ethanol yield and fermentation efficiency were different in the fermented molasses media which contained the same concentration of fermentable sugars. About 2.65-11.20% of fermentable sugars in molasses were lost when stored under different temperatures. The loss was increased with the increasing storage temperature. Most of the loss happened in the first two months, especially at high temperatures. The decrease in ethanol yield and fermentation efficiency was affected sharply in the molasses storage at high temperatures than the low ones. From this study, the suitable storage temperature must not exceed 40°С to maintain molasses quality
{"title":"Deterioration of sugarcane molasses during storage and its effect on ethanol fermentation efficiency in distillery factories","authors":"A. Zohri, M. Soliman, O. Ibrahim, Adel Abdel Aziz","doi":"10.21608/esugj.2022.128090.1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/esugj.2022.128090.1006","url":null,"abstract":"11 / Published online: 15 May 2022 Abstract Introduction Bioethanol is one of the most employed liquid biofuels due to the easy adaptability of this fuel to existing engines and because this is a cleaner fuel with a higher-octane rating than gasoline. Among the widely used substrates for ethanol production is sugarcane molasses. Unsuitable storage of molasses results in deterioration of fermentable sugars consequently ethanol yield quality and efficiency. The present study aimed to shed light on the effect of the storage period on the efficiency of sugarcane molasses and its effect on ethanol fermentation efficiency in distillery factories. The results showed that the total fermentable and non-fermentable sugars involved in sugar cane molasses varied between samples that were collected according to the location source. Also, ethanol yield and fermentation efficiency were different in the fermented molasses media which contained the same concentration of fermentable sugars. About 2.65-11.20% of fermentable sugars in molasses were lost when stored under different temperatures. The loss was increased with the increasing storage temperature. Most of the loss happened in the first two months, especially at high temperatures. The decrease in ethanol yield and fermentation efficiency was affected sharply in the molasses storage at high temperatures than the low ones. From this study, the suitable storage temperature must not exceed 40°С to maintain molasses quality","PeriodicalId":11564,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Sugar Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89762237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.21608/esugj.2022.125012.1004
A. Galal, Mohammed El-Noury, Mamdouh Essa, A. Abou El-Yazied, S. Abou-Elwafa
Cultivation of sugar beet in the tropical and subtropical regions is rapidly growing as an important component of the sugar industry. The present study was carried out at the Agricultural Research Farm of the Delta Sugar Company, El-Hamoul, Kafr El-Sheikh, north of Egypt, in two growing seasons 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 to determine the effect of the foliar application of algae extract as a source of bio-stimulator and inter-row planting distances on the yield and quality of four sugar beet varieties. The results revealed that decreasing the inter-row planting distance (50 cm) accompanied with foliar application of algae extract has significantly promoted sucrose content, Na content, quality index%, root yield, recoverable sugar%, recoverable sugar yield and sugar loss yield, and reduced K%, α-amino-N% and sugar loss%. The multigerm variety Husam produced the highest values of sucrose content (20.17%), Na content (1.63%), quality index (82.50%), and recoverable sugar (17.86%) with sprayed of algae extracts compared to the control. Meanwhile, foliar application of algae extract to the monogerm variety Garrot produced the highest root yield (48.55 t feddan -1 ; Feddan = 4200 m2), recoverable sugar yield (7.71 t fed -1 ) and sugar loss yield (1.16 t fed -1 ). In general, planting sugar beet at 50 cm inter-row distances with foliar application of algae extract resulted in the highest values of sucrose content, Na content, quality index %, root yield, recoverable sugar %, recoverable sugar yield, and sugar loss yield, and the lowest values of K %, α -amino-N %, and sugar loss %.
作为制糖业的重要组成部分，热带和亚热带地区的甜菜种植正在迅速发展。本研究于2019/2020和2020/2021两个生长季节在埃及北部Kafr El-Sheikh El-Hamoul的Delta糖业公司农业研究农场进行，以确定叶面施用藻类提取物作为生物刺激源和行间种植距离对四个甜菜品种产量和品质的影响。结果表明，在叶面施用海藻提取物的同时减少行间距(50 cm)，显著提高了蔗糖含量、钠含量、品质指数%、根系产量、可采糖%、可采糖产量和糖损失量，降低了K%、α-氨基n %和糖损失量%。与对照相比，施用海藻提取物的多胚品种胡桑的蔗糖含量(20.17%)、钠含量(1.63%)、品质指数(82.50%)和可回收糖(17.86%)最高。与此同时，单元制品种Garrot叶面施用海藻提取物的根产量最高(48.55 t feddan -1;Feddan = 4200 m2)，可采糖产量(7.71 t -1)和糖损失产量(1.16 t -1)。总体而言，以50 cm行距种植甜菜，叶面施用海藻提取物，其蔗糖含量、钠含量、品质指数%、根系产量、可采糖%、可采糖产量和糖损失量最高，K %、α -氨基氮%和糖损失量最低。
{"title":"Effect of algae extract foliar application and inter-row planting distances on the yield and quality of sugar beet","authors":"A. Galal, Mohammed El-Noury, Mamdouh Essa, A. Abou El-Yazied, S. Abou-Elwafa","doi":"10.21608/esugj.2022.125012.1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/esugj.2022.125012.1004","url":null,"abstract":"Cultivation of sugar beet in the tropical and subtropical regions is rapidly growing as an important component of the sugar industry. The present study was carried out at the Agricultural Research Farm of the Delta Sugar Company, El-Hamoul, Kafr El-Sheikh, north of Egypt, in two growing seasons 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 to determine the effect of the foliar application of algae extract as a source of bio-stimulator and inter-row planting distances on the yield and quality of four sugar beet varieties. The results revealed that decreasing the inter-row planting distance (50 cm) accompanied with foliar application of algae extract has significantly promoted sucrose content, Na content, quality index%, root yield, recoverable sugar%, recoverable sugar yield and sugar loss yield, and reduced K%, α-amino-N% and sugar loss%. The multigerm variety Husam produced the highest values of sucrose content (20.17%), Na content (1.63%), quality index (82.50%), and recoverable sugar (17.86%) with sprayed of algae extracts compared to the control. Meanwhile, foliar application of algae extract to the monogerm variety Garrot produced the highest root yield (48.55 t feddan -1 ; Feddan = 4200 m2), recoverable sugar yield (7.71 t fed -1 ) and sugar loss yield (1.16 t fed -1 ). In general, planting sugar beet at 50 cm inter-row distances with foliar application of algae extract resulted in the highest values of sucrose content, Na content, quality index %, root yield, recoverable sugar %, recoverable sugar yield, and sugar loss yield, and the lowest values of K %, α -amino-N %, and sugar loss %.","PeriodicalId":11564,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Sugar Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87456347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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