Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.37139
Alina P. Vasileva
The subject of this research is the process of converting former industrial sites to residential facilities. The object is the housing stock of Moscow. The author explores the theoretical aspects of reproduction of housing stock, giving special attention to conversion of the category of industrial buildings to residential category, which expands the quantitative characteristics of the housing stock. Analysis is conducted on the statistical data of conversion of industrial sites to residential facilities, as well as the available examples of redevelopment of the industrial sites. The conclusion is made that the housing stock is an interlink between many life spheres and the development of its characteristics is required on a permanent basis, which in essence is the reproduction of housing stock through reconstruction, modernization or total building renovation. The implementation of such method as conversion of former industrial sited into residential facilities would contribute to the expansion of the real estate market and increase in the number of residential units, minimizing many issues in the housing stock. The author proves the feasibility of solving issues in the housing stock of the city through conversion of former industrial sites to housing facilities. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that many authors view such method as the solution of disused former industrial buildings, rather than from the perspective of minimization of issues in the housing stock.
{"title":"The experience of converting former industrial sites to housing facilities","authors":"Alina P. Vasileva","doi":"10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.37139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.37139","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The subject of this research is the process of converting former industrial sites to residential facilities. The object is the housing stock of Moscow. The author explores the theoretical aspects of reproduction of housing stock, giving special attention to conversion of the category of industrial buildings to residential category, which expands the quantitative characteristics of the housing stock. Analysis is conducted on the statistical data of conversion of industrial sites to residential facilities, as well as the available examples of redevelopment of the industrial sites. The conclusion is made that the housing stock is an interlink between many life spheres and the development of its characteristics is required on a permanent basis, which in essence is the reproduction of housing stock through reconstruction, modernization or total building renovation. The implementation of such method as conversion of former industrial sited into residential facilities would contribute to the expansion of the real estate market and increase in the number of residential units, minimizing many issues in the housing stock. The author proves the feasibility of solving issues in the housing stock of the city through conversion of former industrial sites to housing facilities. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that many authors view such method as the solution of disused former industrial buildings, rather than from the perspective of minimization of issues in the housing stock.\u0000","PeriodicalId":115695,"journal":{"name":"Архитектура и дизайн","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131488295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.36680
Yuliya Grigor'evna Yur
The goal of this article lies in the analysis of the natural peculiarities of Krasnoyarsk Krai that comprise the tourist recreational potential of Siberia on the example of the Putorana State Natural Reserve, which is recognized by UNESCO as a World Natural Heritage Site. Research methodology employs the theoretical methods of analysis, generalization and synthesis of scientific methods with the use of data from scientific sources. The main results of the conducted research are as follows: 1) classification of tourist recreational zones by typological and taxonomic characteristics; 2) substantiation of the forms and types of tourism and recreation in the conditions of specially protected natural areas. The acquired results can be implemented in planning the efficient utilization of natural resources in Krasnoyarsk Krai and Siberian regions that have natural heritage sites. The scientific novelty and conclusions are associated with determination of natural resources of Krasnoyarsk Krai attractive for the development of tourism and recreational activities; as well as analysis and substantiation of the forms and types of tourism and recreation that are geared towards the vector of activity of natural heritage sites (specially protected natural areas) located in the region. It is noted that the measures carried out for organizing tourist recreational activity, without taking into account the peculiarities of functionality of natural heritage sites, increase the risks of anthropogenic impact and require constant monitoring and control of their implementation.
{"title":"Structural development of tourist recreational spaces in Siberia (on the example of Krasnoyarsk Krai)","authors":"Yuliya Grigor'evna Yur","doi":"10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.36680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.36680","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The goal of this article lies in the analysis of the natural peculiarities of Krasnoyarsk Krai that comprise the tourist recreational potential of Siberia on the example of the Putorana State Natural Reserve, which is recognized by UNESCO as a World Natural Heritage Site. Research methodology employs the theoretical methods of analysis, generalization and synthesis of scientific methods with the use of data from scientific sources. The main results of the conducted research are as follows: 1) classification of tourist recreational zones by typological and taxonomic characteristics; 2) substantiation of the forms and types of tourism and recreation in the conditions of specially protected natural areas. The acquired results can be implemented in planning the efficient utilization of natural resources in Krasnoyarsk Krai and Siberian regions that have natural heritage sites. The scientific novelty and conclusions are associated with determination of natural resources of Krasnoyarsk Krai attractive for the development of tourism and recreational activities; as well as analysis and substantiation of the forms and types of tourism and recreation that are geared towards the vector of activity of natural heritage sites (specially protected natural areas) located in the region. It is noted that the measures carried out for organizing tourist recreational activity, without taking into account the peculiarities of functionality of natural heritage sites, increase the risks of anthropogenic impact and require constant monitoring and control of their implementation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":115695,"journal":{"name":"Архитектура и дизайн","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122240668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.37140
R.R. Mingareeva
Preschool education is intended for acquiring primary skills and knowledge. This is facilitated by the conditions in preschool educational institutions. The subject of this research is the normative requirements for preschool educational institutions. The goal lies in analysis of the development of normative requirements for preschool educational institutions. The task is to examine the basic technical regulations in the sphere of preschool education, as well as determine the changes in normative regulations. The research leans on the scientific materials on the topic and the content of the normative legal acts. The research material includes the results of scientific research on this topic and the content of regulatory legal acts. The article provides general characteristics to the development of normative requirements for pre-school buildings. The concept of “kindergarten” is introduced in the Building Code II-64-80. The normative legal acts outline the layout and architectural solutions of the buildings. Relevance of this topic is substantiated by the development of pre-school education aimed at improving accessibility and availability of place in preschool educational institutions; for this purpose the new ones will be built. The research relies on the historical development of architectural regulations, standard projects of Soviet period, sanitary and epidemiological requirements, greening of territories, modern architecture; reconstruction of preschool buildings in modern urban environment. The conducted analysis of the scientific works of the experts reveals the following peculiarities: historical development of architecture of preschool buildings in the Soviet period and emergence of new types; requirements for land allocated for this purpose; reconstruction of the existing preschool buildings. The first technical regulations set the basic requirements for project design and allocated land, standard values for indoor areas, noise and insolation levels; sanitary and epidemiological rules were established later on.
{"title":"The development of normative requirements for buildings of preschool educational institutions","authors":"R.R. Mingareeva","doi":"10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.37140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.37140","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Preschool education is intended for acquiring primary skills and knowledge. This is facilitated by the conditions in preschool educational institutions. The subject of this research is the normative requirements for preschool educational institutions. The goal lies in analysis of the development of normative requirements for preschool educational institutions. The task is to examine the basic technical regulations in the sphere of preschool education, as well as determine the changes in normative regulations. The research leans on the scientific materials on the topic and the content of the normative legal acts. The research material includes the results of scientific research on this topic and the content of regulatory legal acts. The article provides general characteristics to the development of normative requirements for pre-school buildings. The concept of “kindergarten” is introduced in the Building Code II-64-80. The normative legal acts outline the layout and architectural solutions of the buildings. Relevance of this topic is substantiated by the development of pre-school education aimed at improving accessibility and availability of place in preschool educational institutions; for this purpose the new ones will be built. The research relies on the historical development of architectural regulations, standard projects of Soviet period, sanitary and epidemiological requirements, greening of territories, modern architecture; reconstruction of preschool buildings in modern urban environment. The conducted analysis of the scientific works of the experts reveals the following peculiarities: historical development of architecture of preschool buildings in the Soviet period and emergence of new types; requirements for land allocated for this purpose; reconstruction of the existing preschool buildings. The first technical regulations set the basic requirements for project design and allocated land, standard values for indoor areas, noise and insolation levels; sanitary and epidemiological rules were established later on. \u0000","PeriodicalId":115695,"journal":{"name":"Архитектура и дизайн","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129259324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.37138
Mariya Sergeevna Kozhevnikova
The holding of such large-scale world events as the Olympic Games, Universiades, and championships require major capital investments in the development of infrastructure of the host city, which in the future becomes the so-called heritage. The article analyzes the experience of utilization of heritage after holding major sports events in other countries and Russian cities, examines the planned and actual use of the heritage of the XXIX World Winter Universiade held in Krasnoyarsk in March 2019 with regards to sports facilities built, reconstructed or renovated for the World Student Games afterwards. The novelty of this research consists in the analysis of utilization of the heritage of the XXIX World Winter Universiade held in Krasnoyarsk in March 2019 almost two years after the competition. The conclusion is made that the sport facilities built for the World Student Games are actively used by the city residents for public skating or skiing, professional sports, as well as commercial events, such as concerts, exhibitions, etc. The developed sports infrastructure created for the World Student Games allows Krasnoyarsk hosting all-Russian and world athletic events. The XXIX World Winter Universiade had a positive impact upon the social and economic development of Krasnoyarsk.
{"title":"Utilization of tangible heritage of the XXIX World Winter Universiade in Krasnoyarsk","authors":"Mariya Sergeevna Kozhevnikova","doi":"10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.37138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.37138","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The holding of such large-scale world events as the Olympic Games, Universiades, and championships require major capital investments in the development of infrastructure of the host city, which in the future becomes the so-called heritage. The article analyzes the experience of utilization of heritage after holding major sports events in other countries and Russian cities, examines the planned and actual use of the heritage of the XXIX World Winter Universiade held in Krasnoyarsk in March 2019 with regards to sports facilities built, reconstructed or renovated for the World Student Games afterwards. The novelty of this research consists in the analysis of utilization of the heritage of the XXIX World Winter Universiade held in Krasnoyarsk in March 2019 almost two years after the competition. The conclusion is made that the sport facilities built for the World Student Games are actively used by the city residents for public skating or skiing, professional sports, as well as commercial events, such as concerts, exhibitions, etc. The developed sports infrastructure created for the World Student Games allows Krasnoyarsk hosting all-Russian and world athletic events. The XXIX World Winter Universiade had a positive impact upon the social and economic development of Krasnoyarsk.\u0000","PeriodicalId":115695,"journal":{"name":"Архитектура и дизайн","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124055345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.37145
S.R. Sondueva
The subject of this research is the development of the concept of segmentation in the housing market and emergence of approaches towards segmentation. The object of is the term “segmentation” and approaches towards this method. The author examines the historical development of this concept, as well as the criteria for segmentation of commodities. Description is given to the methods of segmentation in the marketing sphere. The author determines the methods used for segmentation of real estate objects, as well as the variants of structurization and segmentation of the real estate market. The advantages of market segmentation in comparison with the traditional method of mass marketing are outlined. The author reveals that the concept of segmentation has existed for over 70 years. There are two traditional methods of segmentation used worldwide: “post hoc” and “a priory”. Segmentation of residential market is conducted via “a priory” method. The author detects the method used for segmentation of residential objects and the criteria in studying the residential market. The need for segmentation of residential objects is substantiated by the fact that consumer requirements change over time, and segmentation allows determining the target audience and preferences of the potential customers.
{"title":"Historical development of the concept of segmentation in the housing market and emergence of approaches towards segmentation","authors":"S.R. Sondueva","doi":"10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.37145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.37145","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The subject of this research is the development of the concept of segmentation in the housing market and emergence of approaches towards segmentation. The object of is the term “segmentation” and approaches towards this method. The author examines the historical development of this concept, as well as the criteria for segmentation of commodities. Description is given to the methods of segmentation in the marketing sphere. The author determines the methods used for segmentation of real estate objects, as well as the variants of structurization and segmentation of the real estate market. The advantages of market segmentation in comparison with the traditional method of mass marketing are outlined. The author reveals that the concept of segmentation has existed for over 70 years. There are two traditional methods of segmentation used worldwide: “post hoc” and “a priory”. Segmentation of residential market is conducted via “a priory” method. The author detects the method used for segmentation of residential objects and the criteria in studying the residential market. The need for segmentation of residential objects is substantiated by the fact that consumer requirements change over time, and segmentation allows determining the target audience and preferences of the potential customers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":115695,"journal":{"name":"Архитектура и дизайн","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130644700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.7256/2585-7789.2020.2.36227
P. P. Zvonareva, I. V. Filipskaya, I. V. Yangulova
The goal of this work is to determine the current trends in the use of raw pinecones in furniture design. Pinecones were selected as the research material and for seeking the technological solutions due to the fact that this is a natural raw material available in the entire territory of Russia. An analytical overview is conducted on the foreign experience of using natural raw materials that do not require processing of wood trunks. The article examines the stages of acquisition decorative slab material from the raw pinecones. The author describes decorative and utilitarian characteristics of such material and possibilities of its use in furniture design. The material obtained from raw pinecones has high aesthetic qualities, does not emit harmful toxins during production, and is biodegradable. This topic associated with the processing of pinecones and needles has repeatedly drawn attention of the researchers and developers of slab materials; however, the scientific elaborations have not find wide practical application. The novelty of this work lies in the use of natural product, which is literally underfoot, for producing new material with the aesthetic characteristics that correspond to the modern trends in design. Although the technology of obtaining the material is quite simple, the process of collecting the raw material is time-consuming. In addition to high decorative properties, the slab material is eco-friendly due to the use of a low-toxic binder.
{"title":"Trends in the use of raw pinecones in furniture design","authors":"P. P. Zvonareva, I. V. Filipskaya, I. V. Yangulova","doi":"10.7256/2585-7789.2020.2.36227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2585-7789.2020.2.36227","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The goal of this work is to determine the current trends in the use of raw pinecones in furniture design. Pinecones were selected as the research material and for seeking the technological solutions due to the fact that this is a natural raw material available in the entire territory of Russia. An analytical overview is conducted on the foreign experience of using natural raw materials that do not require processing of wood trunks. The article examines the stages of acquisition decorative slab material from the raw pinecones. The author describes decorative and utilitarian characteristics of such material and possibilities of its use in furniture design. The material obtained from raw pinecones has high aesthetic qualities, does not emit harmful toxins during production, and is biodegradable. This topic associated with the processing of pinecones and needles has repeatedly drawn attention of the researchers and developers of slab materials; however, the scientific elaborations have not find wide practical application. The novelty of this work lies in the use of natural product, which is literally underfoot, for producing new material with the aesthetic characteristics that correspond to the modern trends in design. Although the technology of obtaining the material is quite simple, the process of collecting the raw material is time-consuming. In addition to high decorative properties, the slab material is eco-friendly due to the use of a low-toxic binder.\u0000","PeriodicalId":115695,"journal":{"name":"Архитектура и дизайн","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129053294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.7256/2585-7789.2020.2.35772
Yan Viktorovich Syuskin
This article is dedicated to the problem of the loss of technical means of conducting experimental research. The question of the loss of the objects of such research is viewed due to the absence of scientific task for their preservation and subsequent technological development of construction sector. The author outlines the concept of acquisition of new scientific knowledge on the basis of systemic approach with the possibility of full preservation of the technical means of production. The need is formulated for storing the data obtained in the experiments on physical carriers. Consolidation of such knowledge underlies the solution of the issues in construction of buildings and structures. Description is given to the reasons that explain the low demand for the patterns, technical means, and objects of experiments. The author claims that among the key prerequisites for the effective solution of the issues in construction sector is the possibility of application of the concept of interdisciplinary research, including material and virtual “archive” archive of such results. The use of systemic approach is required regardless of the nature of the problems (natural, social, technogenic, etc.). The organization and conduct of interdisciplinary research is the priority task. The conclusion is made on the need to transfer full results of the research to physical carrier, as well storage, archiving of all objects of research, mechanisms and installations for their subsequent use. The implementation of such ideas requires concentration of efforts of the experts in various branches of science. It is necessary to consolidate the knowledge of all experts in all stages of the development – from the past to the present.
{"title":"Problems of the loss of technical means of experimental scientific research and objects of such research in construction sector","authors":"Yan Viktorovich Syuskin","doi":"10.7256/2585-7789.2020.2.35772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2585-7789.2020.2.35772","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article is dedicated to the problem of the loss of technical means of conducting experimental research. The question of the loss of the objects of such research is viewed due to the absence of scientific task for their preservation and subsequent technological development of construction sector. The author outlines the concept of acquisition of new scientific knowledge on the basis of systemic approach with the possibility of full preservation of the technical means of production. The need is formulated for storing the data obtained in the experiments on physical carriers. Consolidation of such knowledge underlies the solution of the issues in construction of buildings and structures. Description is given to the reasons that explain the low demand for the patterns, technical means, and objects of experiments. The author claims that among the key prerequisites for the effective solution of the issues in construction sector is the possibility of application of the concept of interdisciplinary research, including material and virtual “archive” archive of such results. The use of systemic approach is required regardless of the nature of the problems (natural, social, technogenic, etc.). The organization and conduct of interdisciplinary research is the priority task. The conclusion is made on the need to transfer full results of the research to physical carrier, as well storage, archiving of all objects of research, mechanisms and installations for their subsequent use. The implementation of such ideas requires concentration of efforts of the experts in various branches of science. It is necessary to consolidate the knowledge of all experts in all stages of the development – from the past to the present.\u0000","PeriodicalId":115695,"journal":{"name":"Архитектура и дизайн","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128161162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.7256/2585-7789.2020.2.34628
O. Tolochko
The object of this research is the comfort of living environment for people of senior age. The subject of this research is the strategic, normative, and methodological documents of the Russian Federation concerning senior people. In the context of strategic documents of the Russian Federation, special attention is given to the problem of creating a comfortable living environment for senior people as a growing new group of consumers. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the worldwide tendency of population ageing alongside the growing importance of personal comfort within the system of worldview upon the formation of urban and residential environments. The scientific hypothesis is advanced that the increased comfort of the living environment for senior people promotes active longevity and improvement of the quality of life, which in turn, is the key goal of the Russian strategic government programs. The article analyzes the strategic, normative, and methodological documents of the Russian Federation on the improvement of comfort of living environment for people of senior age. The author's contribution to this research consists in identification of flaws in the mechanisms of formation of comfortable living environment for senior people in the Russian Federation, and offers solutions to this issue. Senior citizens should be recognized as a special and expanding group of consumers that opens a new niche in the market of goods and housing services in form of personal specialized housing integrated into the urban development. The author also believes that it is necessary to integrate new urban planning and organizational-administrative decisions on the basis of methodological construction documents, as well as documents on the development residential construction in the Russian Federation, into the strategic tasks on supporting senior population. In order to develop the reform mechanism for the creation of comfortable living environment, it is necessary to consolidate certain actions on the federal level.
{"title":"Creation of comfortable living environment for senior people in the context of strategic documents of the Russian Federation","authors":"O. Tolochko","doi":"10.7256/2585-7789.2020.2.34628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2585-7789.2020.2.34628","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The object of this research is the comfort of living environment for people of senior age. The subject of this research is the strategic, normative, and methodological documents of the Russian Federation concerning senior people. In the context of strategic documents of the Russian Federation, special attention is given to the problem of creating a comfortable living environment for senior people as a growing new group of consumers. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the worldwide tendency of population ageing alongside the growing importance of personal comfort within the system of worldview upon the formation of urban and residential environments. The scientific hypothesis is advanced that the increased comfort of the living environment for senior people promotes active longevity and improvement of the quality of life, which in turn, is the key goal of the Russian strategic government programs. The article analyzes the strategic, normative, and methodological documents of the Russian Federation on the improvement of comfort of living environment for people of senior age. The author's contribution to this research consists in identification of flaws in the mechanisms of formation of comfortable living environment for senior people in the Russian Federation, and offers solutions to this issue. Senior citizens should be recognized as a special and expanding group of consumers that opens a new niche in the market of goods and housing services in form of personal specialized housing integrated into the urban development. The author also believes that it is necessary to integrate new urban planning and organizational-administrative decisions on the basis of methodological construction documents, as well as documents on the development residential construction in the Russian Federation, into the strategic tasks on supporting senior population. In order to develop the reform mechanism for the creation of comfortable living environment, it is necessary to consolidate certain actions on the federal level.\u0000","PeriodicalId":115695,"journal":{"name":"Архитектура и дизайн","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115394795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.7256/2585-7789.2020.2.35701
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Semenyuk
The object of this research is the sun protection devices for translucent enclosing structures such as blinds. The goal of this research lies in examination of the historical experience and modern practice of using sun protection devices. The author conducts retrospective research of the evolution of blinds in order to determine the key stages in the development of structures that regulate the luminous flux. The historical discourse of the evolution of the system of blinds is based on the retrospective analysis of blinds according to the main characteristics, such as materials used, their location (indoors or building facades), and gear options. The author determines three main periods can in the evolution of blinds. The first period started in 1841, when John Hampton patented dentition blinds and lasted until 1936 (the design and materials used did not change throughout this period).The second period lasts from 1936 to 1960, and marks the emergence of the facade constructs "sun-cutter blinds", as well as the use of aluminum for the production of fins. The third period covers 1960s-1970s, is characterized by progressive automatic control, implementation of PVC, and improvement of energy efficiency of blinds using photovoltaic fins.
{"title":"The key stages in the design of blinds","authors":"Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Semenyuk","doi":"10.7256/2585-7789.2020.2.35701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2585-7789.2020.2.35701","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The object of this research is the sun protection devices for translucent enclosing structures such as blinds. The goal of this research lies in examination of the historical experience and modern practice of using sun protection devices. The author conducts retrospective research of the evolution of blinds in order to determine the key stages in the development of structures that regulate the luminous flux. The historical discourse of the evolution of the system of blinds is based on the retrospective analysis of blinds according to the main characteristics, such as materials used, their location (indoors or building facades), and gear options. The author determines three main periods can in the evolution of blinds. The first period started in 1841, when John Hampton patented dentition blinds and lasted until 1936 (the design and materials used did not change throughout this period).The second period lasts from 1936 to 1960, and marks the emergence of the facade constructs \"sun-cutter blinds\", as well as the use of aluminum for the production of fins. The third period covers 1960s-1970s, is characterized by progressive automatic control, implementation of PVC, and improvement of energy efficiency of blinds using photovoltaic fins.\u0000","PeriodicalId":115695,"journal":{"name":"Архитектура и дизайн","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130129147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.35796
L. Ivanova
The article is devoted to the study of regulatory documents in the field of thermal engineering in construction and the development of regulations for thermal protection of buildings. The object of the research is the standard documentation in the field of thermal engineering in construction. A retrospective analysis of the norms and requirements for thermal protection of buildings was carried out by identifying qualitative changes in the content of standard documentation. Building codes and regulations, Code specification, Federal laws and Government decrees have been adopted as such regulatory documents for this study. The documents that influenced these changes are considered. The normative requirements of the past years in the field of building heat engineering have been systematized. Six stages of the formation of norms for the thermal protection of buildings are determined, based on changes in the formulas for determining the resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures and the introduction of the characteristic of the degree-day of the heating period, depending on the climatic features of the region. Trends in the development of standards for thermal protection of buildings have been determined. The main goal is to reduce the specific characteristic of heat energy consumption for heating and ventilation, which requires a change in the requirements for thermal protection, in particular, an increase in the required resistance to heat transfer, which can contribute to updating the existing set of rules for thermal protection of buildings.
{"title":"Evolution of regulations for thermal protection of buildings","authors":"L. Ivanova","doi":"10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.35796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7256/2585-7789.2021.1.35796","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The article is devoted to the study of regulatory documents in the field of thermal engineering in construction and the development of regulations for thermal protection of buildings. The object of the research is the standard documentation in the field of thermal engineering in construction. A retrospective analysis of the norms and requirements for thermal protection of buildings was carried out by identifying qualitative changes in the content of standard documentation. Building codes and regulations, Code specification, Federal laws and Government decrees have been adopted as such regulatory documents for this study. The documents that influenced these changes are considered. The normative requirements of the past years in the field of building heat engineering have been systematized. Six stages of the formation of norms for the thermal protection of buildings are determined, based on changes in the formulas for determining the resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures and the introduction of the characteristic of the degree-day of the heating period, depending on the climatic features of the region. Trends in the development of standards for thermal protection of buildings have been determined. The main goal is to reduce the specific characteristic of heat energy consumption for heating and ventilation, which requires a change in the requirements for thermal protection, in particular, an increase in the required resistance to heat transfer, which can contribute to updating the existing set of rules for thermal protection of buildings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":115695,"journal":{"name":"Архитектура и дизайн","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126724188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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