This study is the first spawning and larval rearing of the F1 hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops ♀ X M. saxatilis ♂) grown in culture conditions in Turkey. The F1 Hybrid striped bass was fed with commercial pellet feed in floating net cages. They reached the sexual maturity at two years old. Female brood fish were given 30 µg/kg of LHRH-a (Lutenizing hormone releasing hormone analogue) and male fish given 10 µg/kg; of CHP(Dried carp pituitary), 4 mg/kg was used for the female and half that amount for the male for induced breeding. The fish injected LHRHa were successfully induced to both strip spawning and tank spawning by a single hormone injection. However, fish injected CPH and saline, untreated control did not spawn. Latency period was found to be 20.41±0.91 hour. In term of fertilization rate, larval deformity rate no significant difference was found between tank spawning and strip spawning (p>0.05).Fertilization rates ranged from 56.3% to 85.4% and hatch rates were between 0.99% and 46.88%, whereas the level of larval deformities ranged between 81.25% and 100%. Hatched larvae were placed into 400-liter rectangular tanks with water discharge of 4 liter/minute at a stocking density of 30 larvae/liter. After larvae hatching, they were given artemia nauplii for 5-19 days. Trout granule feed (300-500 micron) also started to be given in addition to artemia nauplii afterwards. Granule feed was started eating completely 24 th days. The larvae obtained from a single hatch in the production season reached 2.87 cm length in 32 days with 2.7% survival rate. Of this study was terminated due to white spot disease (Ichtyophthirius multifilis) arising from sudden change in water temperature. The F2 progenies were not deemed to be available for aquaculture due to poor fertilization, poor hatching, low survival rate and high deformity rate. For the progenies of the hybrid striped bass that grow in natural water, it was suggested that their ecology in waters in Turkey be first studied and brought into aquaculture afterwards.
{"title":"Spawning and Larval Rearing in Hybrid Striped Bass (Morone chrysops ♀ X Morone saxatilis ♂) in Turkey","authors":"Y. Güner, V. Kızak, Muhammet Altunok, I. Celik","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2016.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2016.01","url":null,"abstract":"This study is the first spawning and larval rearing of the F1 hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops ♀ X M. saxatilis ♂) grown in culture conditions in Turkey. The F1 Hybrid striped bass was fed with commercial pellet feed in floating net cages. They reached the sexual maturity at two years old. Female brood fish were given 30 µg/kg of LHRH-a (Lutenizing hormone releasing hormone analogue) and male fish given 10\u0000µg/kg; of CHP(Dried carp pituitary), 4 mg/kg was used for the female and half that amount for the male for induced breeding. The fish injected LHRHa were successfully induced to both strip spawning and tank spawning by a single hormone injection. However, fish injected CPH and saline, untreated control did not spawn. Latency period was found to be 20.41±0.91 hour. In term of fertilization rate, larval deformity rate no significant difference was found between tank spawning and strip spawning (p>0.05).Fertilization rates ranged from 56.3% to 85.4% and hatch rates were between 0.99% and 46.88%, whereas the level of larval deformities ranged between 81.25% and 100%.\u0000Hatched larvae were placed into 400-liter rectangular tanks with water discharge of 4 liter/minute at a stocking density of 30 larvae/liter. After larvae hatching, they were given artemia nauplii for 5-19 days. Trout granule feed (300-500 micron) also started to be given in addition to artemia nauplii afterwards. Granule feed was started eating completely 24 th days. The larvae obtained from a single hatch in the production season reached 2.87 cm length in 32 days with 2.7% survival rate. Of this study was terminated due to white spot disease (Ichtyophthirius multifilis) arising from sudden change in water temperature. The F2 progenies were not deemed to be available for aquaculture due to poor fertilization, poor hatching, low survival rate and high deformity rate. For the progenies of the hybrid striped bass that grow in natural water, it was suggested that their ecology in waters in Turkey be first studied and brought into aquaculture afterwards.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70624257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Birdsfoot trefoil, which is native to Turkish flora, is the most valuable and common Lotus species in Turkey. However, existing information on the ecology, distribution, and plant traits of the Birdsfoot trefoil is scant for the natural flora of Turkey. Therefore, seeds from 126 wild birdsfoot trefoil (WBT) populations were collected from plants spontaneously occurring in natural pasture and rangelands located (altitudes ranged from 5 to 2193 m a.s.l.) in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. These populations were grown under the same ecological conditions in 2010 and 2011 to determine the ecotype traits of the WBT and the relationships between these traits and the geographical features of the locations. The WBT was present (1-25% of botanical composition) in all ranges of altitude, although there was an increase in the presence and frequency of WBT with increasing altitude until 1000 m a.s.l. There were negative correlations between some traits (dry matter and seed yields, morphologic, and also root and crown-rot resistant traits) and altitude at which the seeds were collected. The data revealed that there was evidence of considerable inherent variations in all traits and thus there was a huge genetic diversity in the region. When populations were compared for agronomic and morphologic traits, the best populations were between altitudes of 251 and 500 m. It was observed that all populations had a spreading growth habit, except for 05TA01, 05TA02, and 60ER01 (semi-erect) and 60TU02 (semi-spreading). The results suggested that new grazing, forage types, and disease resistant WBT varieties may be bred from the studied populations.
{"title":"Ecotype Traits of the Natural Populations of the Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) in Association with the Geographical Parameters of the Sampling Sites","authors":"Ferat Uzun, Hasan Beytullah Dönmez","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.21","url":null,"abstract":"Birdsfoot trefoil, which is native to Turkish flora, is the most valuable and common Lotus species in Turkey. However, existing information on the ecology, distribution, and plant traits of the Birdsfoot trefoil is scant for the natural flora of Turkey. Therefore, seeds from 126 wild birdsfoot trefoil (WBT) populations were collected from plants spontaneously occurring in natural pasture and rangelands located (altitudes ranged from 5 to 2193 m a.s.l.) in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. These populations were grown under the same ecological conditions in 2010 and 2011 to determine the ecotype traits of the WBT and the relationships between these traits and the geographical features of the locations. The WBT was present (1-25% of botanical composition) in all ranges of altitude, although there was an increase in the presence and frequency of WBT with increasing altitude until 1000 m a.s.l. There were negative correlations between some traits (dry matter and seed yields, morphologic, and also root and crown-rot resistant traits) and altitude at which the seeds were collected. The data revealed that there was evidence of considerable inherent variations in all traits and thus there was a huge genetic diversity in the region. When populations were compared for agronomic and morphologic traits, the best populations were between altitudes of 251 and 500 m. It was observed that all populations had a spreading growth habit, except for 05TA01, 05TA02, and 60ER01 (semi-erect) and 60TU02 (semi-spreading). The results suggested that new grazing, forage types, and disease resistant WBT varieties may be bred from the studied populations.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, stone samples with epilithic algae on them were investigated. The samples were collected monthly from one station at Pond I located on the campus of Ondokuz Mayis University (OMU) between March 2004 and February 2005. The pond contained 55 taxa which were identified as belonging to the Bacillariophyta division. Cymbella silesiaca, C. tumida, Epithemia sorex, Gomphonema olivaceum var. minutissimum, and Navicula perminuta were the most common species in the epilithic algae flora of the pond. Common occurrence of these species in OMU Pond I was indicated that pond water contained calcium and was slightly alkaline. On the stone samples, collected from the pond, was found an abundant diatom community belonging to the alkaline water. Some species connected with the epipelic area were recorded in the epilithic area due to a cover of sediments on the face of the stones.
在本研究中，研究了石质样品上的石栖藻类。2004年3月至2005年2月，每个月从位于Ondokuz Mayis大学(OMU)校园的一号池塘的一个站点采集样本。池内共有55个分类群，均属于硅藻纲。池底藻类区系中最常见的种类是银小叶藻(Cymbella silesiaca)、tumida C. sorex Epithemia sorex、Gomphonema olivaceum var. mintissimum和Navicula perminuta。这些物种在OMU I池中普遍存在，表明池水含钙且呈微碱性。在池石样品上发现了丰富的属于碱性水体的硅藻群落。由于岩石表面的沉积物覆盖，在上石区记录了一些与上石区有关的物种。
{"title":"Littoral Epilithic Algae of the Ondokuz Mayıs University Pond I (Samsun, Turkey)","authors":"Mehmet Ali Donmez, F. Maraşlıoğlu","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.26","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, stone samples with epilithic algae on them were investigated. The samples were collected monthly from one station at Pond I located on the campus of Ondokuz Mayis University (OMU) between March 2004 and February 2005. The pond contained 55 taxa which were identified as belonging to the Bacillariophyta division. Cymbella silesiaca, C. tumida, Epithemia sorex, Gomphonema olivaceum var. minutissimum, and Navicula perminuta were the most common species in the epilithic algae flora of the pond. Common occurrence of these species in OMU Pond I was indicated that pond water contained calcium and was slightly alkaline. On the stone samples, collected from the pond, was found an abundant diatom community belonging to the alkaline water. Some species connected with the epipelic area were recorded in the epilithic area due to a cover of sediments on the face of the stones.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Guner, V. Kızak, H. Sayğı, Gamze Turan, Hatice Tekoğul, Ulviye Karacalar, Fatih Güleç, M. Hekimoğlu
In this study, certain water quality parameters (water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total inorganic nitrogen (TIN), phosphate (PO4), nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH4), and (BOD5) in the effluents and the efficiency of the treatment systems for eliminating wastes at a commercial trout farm with a capacity of 10 tons/year in Izmir (Kemalpasa) were examined. The DO, temperature, pH, TIN, PO4, NO2, NO3, and BOD5 measured, were different in the outlet waters when compared with the inlet waters (p<0.05). The settling basin did not reduce the TIN and PO4, on the contrary, it caused an increase in the nitrogen (N) up to 19.9% and phosphorus (P) up to 20.30%, while the wetlands reduced the N, P, and BOD 5 up to 53.2%, 58.2%, and 36.5%, respectively (p<0.05). According to the chemical and biological methods, the averages of the TIN and P loads for one tone of cultured trout without treatment were estimated to be were 80 kg and 7 kg, respectively. The annual TIN load of this trout farm was estimated to be 21.3 kg while the TP load was 2.9 kg for one tone of cultured trout when the treatment efficiency was taken into account. The microbiological analyses conducted with the effluent waters showed that the rate of aerobic mesophilic bacteria was found to be high in the summer but low in the winter. It was also detected that the coliform group bacteria were present in the environment in the summer while their occurence was with-in standards in the winter. Interactions of the 9 water quality parameters were identified through the linear regression analysis in order to reduce the environmental effects of the facility DO= 28.296 – (0.248 × BOD 5 ) – (2.948 × pH) + (0.189 × temperature) + (0.851 × inlet water) + (0.163 × winter) (R2=0.912). According to this model, the DO values were increased by the temperature, inlet water and the winter season while reduced by the BOD5 and pH. The dissolved oxygen content in the wetland outlet water was measured as being high because of the nutrient and temperature rises which boosted photosyntesis. It was concluded that using mechanical settling methods were inadequate to minimise the nutrients released into the receiving water body so wetlands should be constructed in such a way as to receive the flow of effluents from the trout farms. As a result the quality of water used by the facility has no adverse impact on the aquaculture and environmental ecosystem.
{"title":"Production Optimisation of a Land-Based Trout Farm and the Reduction of its Environmental Effects","authors":"Y. Guner, V. Kızak, H. Sayğı, Gamze Turan, Hatice Tekoğul, Ulviye Karacalar, Fatih Güleç, M. Hekimoğlu","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.29","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, certain water quality parameters (water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total inorganic nitrogen (TIN), phosphate (PO4), nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH4), and (BOD5) in the effluents and the efficiency of the treatment systems for eliminating wastes at a commercial trout farm with a capacity of 10 tons/year in Izmir (Kemalpasa) were examined. The DO, temperature, pH, TIN, PO4, NO2, NO3, and BOD5 measured, were different in the outlet waters when compared with the inlet waters (p<0.05). The settling basin did not reduce the TIN and PO4, on the contrary, it caused an increase in the nitrogen (N) up to 19.9% and phosphorus (P) up to 20.30%, while the wetlands reduced the N, P, and BOD 5 up to 53.2%, 58.2%, and 36.5%, respectively (p<0.05). According to the chemical and biological methods, the averages of the TIN and P loads for one tone of cultured trout without treatment were estimated to be were 80 kg and 7 kg, respectively. The annual TIN load of this trout farm was estimated to be 21.3 kg while the TP load was 2.9 kg for one tone of cultured trout when the treatment efficiency was taken into account. The microbiological analyses conducted with the effluent waters showed that the rate of aerobic mesophilic bacteria was found to be high in the summer but low in the winter. It was also detected that the coliform group bacteria were present in the environment in the summer while their occurence was with-in standards in the winter. Interactions of the 9 water quality parameters were identified through the linear regression analysis in order to reduce the environmental effects of the facility DO= 28.296 – (0.248 × BOD 5 ) – (2.948 × pH) + (0.189 × temperature) + (0.851 × inlet water) + (0.163 × winter) (R2=0.912). According to this model, the DO values were increased by the temperature, inlet water and the winter season while reduced by the BOD5 and pH. The dissolved oxygen content in the wetland outlet water was measured as being high because of the nutrient and temperature rises which boosted photosyntesis. It was concluded that using mechanical settling methods were inadequate to minimise the nutrients released into the receiving water body so wetlands should be constructed in such a way as to receive the flow of effluents from the trout farms. As a result the quality of water used by the facility has no adverse impact on the aquaculture and environmental ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present in here the results of the observations about the changes related with altitude and seasonal variation of the ground beetle communities of Turkmen Mountain (Turkey). Totally, 32 Carabidae species belonging to 13 genera and 5 subfamilies were determined from the study area between May 2012-April 2013. The species diversity was monitored by sampling with pitfall traps periodically in every fifteen days. The habitat preferences of each species were examined and habitats were compared with similarity (Jaccard and Sarensen’s) and diversity (Simpson's and Shannon-Wiener) indices. Specific habitat preferences were observed for some species such as Carabus (Heterocarabus) marietti akensis and Licinus (Licinus) merkli. The environmental variables which are effective on ground beetles were analyzed by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and the results indicated that the most effective environmental variable on the activities of ground beetle species is the “moist” factor.
{"title":"The Changes Related with Altitudinal Gradient and Seasonal Variation in the Species Composition of Carabidae (Coleoptera) in Türkmen Mountain (Eskisehir, Turkey)","authors":"E. C. Fi̇dan, Ü. Sirin","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.24","url":null,"abstract":"We present in here the results of the observations about the changes related with altitude and seasonal variation of the ground beetle communities of Turkmen Mountain (Turkey). Totally, 32 Carabidae species belonging to 13 genera and 5 subfamilies were determined from the study area between May 2012-April 2013. The species diversity was monitored by sampling with pitfall traps periodically in every fifteen days. The habitat preferences of each species were examined and habitats were compared with similarity (Jaccard and Sarensen’s) and diversity (Simpson's and Shannon-Wiener) indices. Specific habitat preferences were observed for some species such as Carabus (Heterocarabus) marietti akensis and Licinus (Licinus) merkli. The environmental variables which are effective on ground beetles were analyzed by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and the results indicated that the most effective environmental variable on the activities of ground beetle species is the “moist” factor.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent studies have indicated that sewer systems and landfills contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this study, 18 surface soil samples were collected from five areas near wastewater treatment plants and landfills to investigate PCB levels. The observed PCB congener numbers and levels in the samples varied. The total PCB values were 5558±2856 pg g-1 dry weight (dw) (261PCB) for the marine outfall of the Buski Pretreatment Plant (Bursa Water and Sewerage Administration), 5386±1627 pg g-1 dw (245PCB) for the Hamitler Landfill Area, 3901±281 pg g-1 dw (235PCB) for the Western Wastewater Treatment Plant, 1824±448 pg g-1 dw (242PCB) for the Yesil Cevre Wastewater Treatment Plant, and 725±220 pg g-1 dw (217PCB) for the Eastern Wastewater Treatment Plant. These results show that the soils near the treatment plants were not completely contaminated by PCBs. At the sampling sites, with the biphenyls between 2 and 7 chlorine molecules and in particular, an abundance of homologue groups with 3, 4, and 5 chlorines were found. Moreover, dioxin-like PCBs (PCB#77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123, and 126) were detected in all samples.
{"title":"Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels in soils near wastewater treatment plants and landfills.","authors":"Ruken Ogulmus, Y. Tasdemir, S. Cindoruk","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.22","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have indicated that sewer systems and landfills contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this study, 18 surface soil samples were collected from five areas near wastewater treatment plants and landfills to investigate PCB levels. The observed PCB congener numbers and levels in the samples varied. The total PCB values were 5558±2856 pg g-1 dry weight (dw) (261PCB) for the marine outfall of the Buski Pretreatment Plant (Bursa Water and Sewerage Administration), 5386±1627 pg g-1 dw (245PCB) for the Hamitler Landfill Area, 3901±281 pg g-1 dw (235PCB) for the Western Wastewater Treatment Plant, 1824±448 pg g-1 dw (242PCB) for the Yesil Cevre Wastewater Treatment Plant, and 725±220 pg g-1 dw (217PCB) for the Eastern Wastewater Treatment Plant. These results show that the soils near the treatment plants were not completely contaminated by PCBs. At the sampling sites, with the biphenyls between 2 and 7 chlorine molecules and in particular, an abundance of homologue groups with 3, 4, and 5 chlorines were found. Moreover, dioxin-like PCBs (PCB#77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123, and 126) were detected in all samples.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the heavy metal levels were determined for the water and surface sediments of Lake Cildir. The sediment particle size, organic carbon content, and pH were determined in the lake sediments in addition to the determination of the spatial distribution of heavy metals, as well as the metal enrichment levels for the sediment. The results of the metal analysis obtained using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique indicated that the metal levels in Lake Cildir and spring waters which feed the lake were identified as Class 1 water quality according to the Turkish Surface Water Quality Regulation limits. Although the Ni and Cr levels found in the sediment were higher than some Sediment Quality Guideline (SQG) limits, the Ni and Cr levels of the core samples representing past periods provided no indication of enrichment for these elements. The spatial distribution of metals in Lake Cildir was found to be affected by the depth, water inflows, outflows, and a derivation channel that has recently been built.
{"title":"Spatial Distributions of Heavy Metals in the Water and Sediments of Lake Çildir, Turkey","authors":"A. Alkan, C. Gokcek, Ufuk Akbaş, Nigar Alkan","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.23","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the heavy metal levels were determined for the water and surface sediments of Lake Cildir. The sediment particle size, organic carbon content, and pH were determined in the lake sediments in addition to the determination of the spatial distribution of heavy metals, as well as the metal enrichment levels for the sediment. The results of the metal analysis obtained using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique indicated that the metal levels in Lake Cildir and spring waters which feed the lake were identified as Class 1 water quality according to the Turkish Surface Water Quality Regulation limits. Although the Ni and Cr levels found in the sediment were higher than some Sediment Quality Guideline (SQG) limits, the Ni and Cr levels of the core samples representing past periods provided no indication of enrichment for these elements. The spatial distribution of metals in Lake Cildir was found to be affected by the depth, water inflows, outflows, and a derivation channel that has recently been built.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental issue has attracted attentions as one of the most important issues of the last century. This problem is a phenomena that threats to sustainable life. Effective solution of this issue depends on conscious and awareness of people about environmental matters. The main purpose of this study is to determine the level of awareness and attitudes to environmental issues in Turkey. The analysis was made to see the effects of age, gender, education and revenue on the awareness and attitudes to environmental pollution. Data were collected from 7 regions and 25 cities via personal interview (2138). Water, air, soil, visual and general pollutions are the criteria on which awareness and attitudes were evaluated in the study. Air and water pollutions appear more significant than the others. It is determined that the media is the best way of disseminating the information regarding environmental education more efficiently. According to the LogitRegressions model, education and income were effective individual factors on awareness of environmental pollution. The most influential factor on environmental awareness is to take environmental education from school.
{"title":"An Exploratory Study on the Perception of Air, Water, Soil, Visual and General Pollution","authors":"M. Cankurt, A. Akpınar, B. Miran","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2016.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2016.02","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental issue has attracted attentions as one of the most important issues of the last century. This problem is a phenomena that threats to sustainable life. Effective solution of this issue depends on conscious and awareness of people about environmental matters.\u0000The main purpose of this study is to determine the level of awareness and attitudes to environmental issues in Turkey. The analysis was made to see the effects of age, gender, education and revenue on the awareness and attitudes to environmental pollution. Data were collected from 7 regions and 25 cities via personal interview (2138). Water, air, soil, visual and general pollutions are the criteria on which awareness and attitudes were evaluated in the study. Air and water pollutions appear more significant than the others. It is determined that the media is the best way of disseminating the information regarding environmental education more efficiently. According to the LogitRegressions model, education and income were effective individual factors on awareness of environmental pollution. The most influential factor on environmental awareness is to take environmental education from school.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eutrophication has become a widespread matter of concern during the last 50 years. Because of the relationship between biotic and abiotic factors, the determination of the trophic level of lakes is important. In this study, the trophic level of Lake Uluabat was determined using different trophic states indices (TSISD, TSICHL, TSITP, and TSITN) in 8 stations between May-2008 and May-2009. As a result, the indices were above the eutrophic level during the year. With regard to the seasonal variations of the indices, the highest values were in the summer and autumn (hypertrophic), while the lowest values were in the spring and winter seasons (hypertrophic-eutrophic). It was seen that in addition to nitrogen and phosphorus, temperature affected the growth of algae in the summer. For this reason, Chl-a (maximum 43.87 mg/m3) and alkalinity (maximum 282.85 mg/L) concentrations raised, and the dissolved oxygen (minimum 5.08 mg/L) concentrations decreased in the summer. It was observed that the diversity of the aquaculture species (fish and algae) decreased and the species having low economic value were dominant with an increase of the eutrophication level. According to the ratio between the nitrogen and phosphorus and a significant statistical correlation between nitrogen forms and chl-a, the algae species were co-limited by nitrogen with phosphorus the whole year and might be species that were each limited by different nutrients. The high diversity of species in the Lake, discharging of untreated domestic wastewater and chemical fertilizer usage were determined as the reasons of the co-limitation of the nitrogen with phosphorus. Also according to the trophic level and concentration values, Lake Uluabat exceeded the limit for potable water and water-oriented recreation.
{"title":"Determination of the Trophic State of Lake Uluabat (Bursa-Turkey)","authors":"A. Katip, S. Ileri, F. Karaer, Sonay Onur","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.07","url":null,"abstract":"Eutrophication has become a widespread matter of concern during the last 50 years. Because of the relationship between biotic and abiotic factors, the determination of the trophic level of lakes is important. In this study, the trophic level of Lake Uluabat was determined using different trophic states indices (TSISD, TSICHL, TSITP, and TSITN) in 8 stations between May-2008 and May-2009. As a result, the indices were above the eutrophic level during the year. With regard to the seasonal variations of the indices, the highest values were in the summer and autumn (hypertrophic), while the lowest values were in the spring and winter seasons (hypertrophic-eutrophic). It was seen that in addition to nitrogen and phosphorus, temperature affected the growth of algae in the summer. For this reason, Chl-a (maximum 43.87 mg/m3) and alkalinity (maximum 282.85 mg/L) concentrations raised, and the dissolved oxygen (minimum 5.08 mg/L) concentrations decreased in the summer. It was observed that the diversity of the aquaculture species (fish and algae) decreased and the species having low economic value were dominant with an increase of the eutrophication level. According to the ratio between the nitrogen and phosphorus and a significant statistical correlation between nitrogen forms and chl-a, the algae species were co-limited by nitrogen with phosphorus the whole year and might be species that were each limited by different nutrients. The high diversity of species in the Lake, discharging of untreated domestic wastewater and chemical fertilizer usage were determined as the reasons of the co-limitation of the nitrogen with phosphorus. Also according to the trophic level and concentration values, Lake Uluabat exceeded the limit for potable water and water-oriented recreation.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electronic waste (E-waste) has recently been perceived to be a problem confined to Jordan. The changing of economic scenarios and global technological development has contributed the amount of E-waste becomming part of the waste stream in Jordan. The necessary regulations regarding E-waste are not yet in place. Therefore, a reliable estimation of E-waste generation is crucial to policymakers. Considering the limited available data, this paper describes the current and future estimation of E-waste generation in Jordan, namely cell phones, personal computers, TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. Jordan is estimated to generate about 16,874 tons of E-waste in the year 2015, as compared to the present generation of 15,211 tones, accounting for about 0.7% of all municipal solid wastes dumped in the country. The average amount of E-waste produced per capita indicates it is estimated to grow from 2.38 kg/capita in 2012 to 2.48 kg/capita in 2015. Over a span of 5 years, from 2007 to 2012, a total of 84,533 tones became obsolete. In the 3 years prior to 2015, it is projected that an additional 49,153 tones will become obsolete.
{"title":"Estimation of Potential E-waste Generation in Jordan","authors":"Motasem N. Saidan, A. Tarawneh","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.25","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic waste (E-waste) has recently been perceived to be a problem confined to Jordan. The changing of economic scenarios and global technological development has contributed the amount of E-waste becomming part of the waste stream in Jordan. The necessary regulations regarding E-waste are not yet in place. Therefore, a reliable estimation of E-waste generation is crucial to policymakers. Considering the limited available data, this paper describes the current and future estimation of E-waste generation in Jordan, namely cell phones, personal computers, TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. Jordan is estimated to generate about 16,874 tons of E-waste in the year 2015, as compared to the present generation of 15,211 tones, accounting for about 0.7% of all municipal solid wastes dumped in the country. The average amount of E-waste produced per capita indicates it is estimated to grow from 2.38 kg/capita in 2012 to 2.48 kg/capita in 2015. Over a span of 5 years, from 2007 to 2012, a total of 84,533 tones became obsolete. In the 3 years prior to 2015, it is projected that an additional 49,153 tones will become obsolete.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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