Jasna Humerovic, T. Muhić-Šarac, M. Memić, S. Zero, A. Selović
The main objective of this study is to assess the level of contamination from mercury and other elements in the Sarajevo area. The soil and lichen samples (Hypogymnia physodes) were collected from selected areas there were nine soil sites and four sites for lichens. Validated and standardized analytical procedures were used in order to compare the obtained results with data from other countries in Europe. The accuracy of the results obtained by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS) for total mercury and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for other elements (Ag, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Ga, Hf, Ho, In, K, La, Mo, Na, Nd, Pd, Pr, Rb, Ru, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Tm, U, W, Yb, Zn, and Zr) was verified by the use of certified reference materials. Results obtained for mercury showed that at three sites (Butmir, PMF, and Blekin potok) the mercury concentrations in the soil were much higher, 5 to 10 times higher, than the allowed values. All lichens samples examined contained low mercury concentrations that cannot be correlated with the mercury contents in the soil. Comparison of the multielemental analysis of the lichen H. physodes and surface soils samples is also presented.
{"title":"Multielement and Rare Earth Element Composition of the Soil and Lichen from Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Jasna Humerovic, T. Muhić-Šarac, M. Memić, S. Zero, A. Selović","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.10","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study is to assess the level of contamination from mercury and other elements in the Sarajevo area. The soil and lichen samples (Hypogymnia physodes) were collected from selected areas there were nine soil sites and four sites for lichens. Validated and standardized analytical procedures were used in order to compare the obtained results with data from other countries in Europe. The accuracy of the results obtained by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS) for total mercury and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for other elements (Ag, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Ga, Hf, Ho, In, K, La, Mo, Na, Nd, Pd, Pr, Rb, Ru, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Tm, U, W, Yb, Zn, and Zr) was verified by the use of certified reference materials. Results obtained for mercury showed that at three sites (Butmir, PMF, and Blekin potok) the mercury concentrations in the soil were much higher, 5 to 10 times higher, than the allowed values. All lichens samples examined contained low mercury concentrations that cannot be correlated with the mercury contents in the soil. Comparison of the multielemental analysis of the lichen H. physodes and surface soils samples is also presented.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"24 1","pages":"36-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70622928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Low Revolutions per Minute Tumbler (LRPMT) is a new creation which is capable of providing better results in terms of minimum algae sedimentation as compared with other methods in literature. This device maintained the algae sample in suspension during the experiment allowing the grazers to ingest at a maximum rate. Even though the limitation affects the capability of the vessel to work perfectly, we recommended the new device as a suitable method to minimize algae sedimentation during zooplankton feeding experiments. The grazing rates of Daphnia carinata on five algae species (Microcystis flos-aquae, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) were measured in order to understand the interaction between phytoplankton and zooplankton. Although various devices have been used to minimize algal sedimentation during experiments such as: a shaker, plankton wheel, a roller-tube device, and stirrer, reliable equipment is still uncertain and questionable.
{"title":"A New Rotating Tumbler Apparatus for Zooplankton Grazing in a Laboratory","authors":"A. H. Ismail, S. Mills, F. Recknagel","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.13","url":null,"abstract":"The Low Revolutions per Minute Tumbler (LRPMT) is a new creation which is capable of providing better results in terms of minimum algae sedimentation as compared with other methods in literature. This device maintained the algae sample in suspension during the experiment allowing the grazers to ingest at a maximum rate. Even though the limitation affects the capability of the vessel to work perfectly, we recommended the new device as a suitable method to minimize algae sedimentation during zooplankton feeding experiments. The grazing rates of Daphnia carinata on five algae species (Microcystis flos-aquae, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) were measured in order to understand the interaction between phytoplankton and zooplankton. Although various devices have been used to minimize algal sedimentation during experiments such as: a shaker, plankton wheel, a roller-tube device, and stirrer, reliable equipment is still uncertain and questionable.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"24 1","pages":"54-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different sized aggregates on runoff, sediment by runoff, and by splash with simulated rainfall. A soil sample which is known and well aggregated, was taken from the Agriculture Faculty’s Research Field of Ege University, and passed through different sieves (25-20 mm, 20-16 mm, 16-10 mm, 10-5 mm, 5-2 mm, 2-1 mm, and 1-0.2 mm) to establish 7 grouping. The sieved soil samples were placed in the erosion trays (30x30 cm), and simulated rainfall (65 mm h-1) was applied to the trays for 1 hour. According to the results of the simulated rainfall experiments, the aggregate sizes were found very effective on runoff (p= 0.0001; r= -0.420**), sediment by runoff (p= 0.0001; r= -0.980**), water resistance aggregate stability (p = 0.0001; r= 0.840**), mean weight diameter (p= 0.041; r= 0.550*), and aggregate index (p= 0.0001; r= 0.867**), significantly. No correlation was found between the aggregate sizes and sediment by splash linearly but polynomial relationships were found between the aggregate sizes and sediment by splash in the study.
本研究的目的是确定不同大小的团聚体对径流、径流泥沙和模拟降雨的影响。从埃格大学农业学院研究领域采集了已知且聚集良好的土壤样本，并通过不同的筛子(25-20 mm, 20-16 mm, 16-10 mm, 10-5 mm, 5-2 mm, 2-1 mm和1-0.2 mm)建立7组。将筛过的土壤样品置于侵蚀盘(30x30 cm)中，模拟降雨(65 mm h-1) 1小时。根据模拟降雨实验的结果，发现团聚体对径流非常有效(p= 0.0001;R = -0.420**)，径流泥沙(p= 0.0001;R = -0.980**)，耐水骨料稳定性(p = 0.0001;R = 0.840**)，平均体重直径(p= 0.041;R = 0.550*)，综合指数(p= 0.0001;R = 0.867**)，差异有统计学意义。研究发现，泥沙粒径与水溅泥沙之间不存在线性相关关系，但二者之间存在多项式关系。
{"title":"A study on the effects of the aggregate size on erosion by runoff and splash under simulated rainfall conditions.","authors":"G. Yönter","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.12","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different sized aggregates on runoff, sediment by runoff, and by splash with simulated rainfall. A soil sample which is known and well aggregated, was taken from the Agriculture Faculty’s Research Field of Ege University, and passed through different sieves (25-20 mm, 20-16 mm, 16-10 mm, 10-5 mm, 5-2 mm, 2-1 mm, and 1-0.2 mm) to establish 7 grouping. The sieved soil samples were placed in the erosion trays (30x30 cm), and simulated rainfall (65 mm h-1) was applied to the trays for 1 hour. According to the results of the simulated rainfall experiments, the aggregate\u0000sizes were found very effective on runoff (p= 0.0001; r= -0.420**), sediment by runoff (p= 0.0001; r= -0.980**), water resistance aggregate stability (p = 0.0001; r= 0.840**), mean weight diameter (p= 0.041; r= 0.550*), and aggregate index (p= 0.0001; r= 0.867**), significantly. No correlation was found between the aggregate sizes and sediment by splash linearly but polynomial relationships were found between the aggregate sizes and sediment by splash in the study.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"24 1","pages":"45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Yıldız, Murat Özbek, Ayşe Taşdemir, E. T. Topkara
The macrobenthic invertebrate community of a shallow Mediterranean lake (Lake Golcuk, Izmir, Turkey) was studied in order to (a) describe the intra-annual and spatial variability in benthic communities, (b) relate possible community changes to environmental conditions and (c) evaluate the responses of the lake’s ecological status on community indices. The benthic assemblage was sampled seasonally at six sites during a period of 2 years (June 2008-March 2010). Additionally, hypolimnetic water quality variables were monitored over the same period at each site. The benthic fauna of Lake Golcuk was found to be very limited with 16 species belonging to four taxonomic groups. Potamothrix hammoniensis was the dominant benthic species and represented more than 72% of the total benthic fauna. Depth, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, transparency, and water temperature seemed to be the main environmental factors affecting community indices. Benthic communities are affected by human disturbances in Lake Golcuk shifting their composition to more tolerant taxa, reflecting also the eutrophic to hypertophic character of the lake
{"title":"Assessment of a Shallow Montane Lentic Ecosystem (Lake Golcuk, Izmir, Turkey) Using Benthic Community Diversity","authors":"S. Yıldız, Murat Özbek, Ayşe Taşdemir, E. T. Topkara","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.34","url":null,"abstract":"The macrobenthic invertebrate community of a shallow Mediterranean lake (Lake Golcuk, Izmir, Turkey) was studied in order to (a) describe the intra-annual and spatial variability in benthic communities, (b) relate possible community changes to environmental conditions and (c) evaluate the responses of the lake’s ecological status on community indices. The benthic assemblage was sampled seasonally at six sites during a period of 2 years (June 2008-March 2010). Additionally, hypolimnetic water quality variables were monitored over the same period at each site. The benthic fauna of Lake Golcuk was found to be very limited with 16 species belonging to four taxonomic groups. Potamothrix hammoniensis was the dominant benthic species and represented more than 72% of the total benthic fauna. Depth, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, transparency, and water temperature seemed to be the main environmental factors affecting community indices. Benthic communities are affected by human disturbances in Lake Golcuk shifting their composition to more tolerant taxa, reflecting also the eutrophic to hypertophic character of the lake","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The seasonal and spatial distribution of the phytoplankton and their relationship with physicochemical parameters of Lake Poyrazlar, a mesotrophic lake located in Northwest Turkey, was studied monthly between April 2011 and March 2012. A total of 120 taxa in 7 divisions were identified during the study. The planktonic algae of Lake Poyrazlar was dominated by Cyanobacteria in the summer, Charophyta in the fall, diatoms and Cryptophyta in the winter, and Chlorophyta in the spring. The relationships between water temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, Secchi disk depth (transparency), Chl-a, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N), total phosphorus (TP), orthophosphate (PO4-P), silica (Si), sulfate (SO4) concentrations, and the abundance of dominant species were explored using the statistical method of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The CCA results showed that the most important factors affecting the distribution of phytoplankton were the concentrations of the main nutrients, water temperature, and underwater light.
{"title":"The Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of the Phytoplankton of a Mesotrophic Lake Related to Certain Physical and Chemical Parameters","authors":"T. O. Sevi̇ndi̇k, Ersin Altundal, F. Kucuk","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.09","url":null,"abstract":"The seasonal and spatial distribution of the phytoplankton and their relationship with physicochemical parameters of Lake Poyrazlar, a mesotrophic lake located in Northwest Turkey, was studied monthly between April 2011 and March 2012. A total of 120 taxa in 7 divisions were identified during the study. The planktonic algae of Lake Poyrazlar was dominated by Cyanobacteria in the summer, Charophyta in the fall, diatoms and Cryptophyta in the winter, and Chlorophyta in the spring. The relationships between water temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, Secchi disk depth (transparency), Chl-a, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N), total phosphorus (TP), orthophosphate (PO4-P), silica (Si), sulfate (SO4) concentrations, and the abundance of dominant species were explored using the statistical method of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The CCA results showed that the most important factors affecting the distribution of phytoplankton were the concentrations of the main nutrients, water temperature, and underwater light.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"58 1","pages":"14-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Turkey has a great biodiversity which is threaten by many factors like climate changes, urbanization, overgrazing, and some conservation precautions should be taken. Therefore, the target species should be known in details. The objective of this study is to provide information about ecology, morphology, and the population density of Salsola grandis which is a local endemic species from Nallihan, Ankara. It prefers clayey saline alkaline soils with a semi-arid cold Mediterranean climate. During the field surveys between May 2010 and November 2011, the morphometrical measurements of vegetative and generative organs, and the edaphic characteristics were determined. The total number of individuals of the population was calculated as 436.612 over 48.5 × 10-4 km2. It was determined that the species has a high ratio of death, 55%, during the seedling period which may be the reason of the narrow distribution with the preference of special edaphic characteristics.
{"title":"The Morphology, Ecology, and Conservation Status of the Local Endemic Species Salsola grandis","authors":"İ. Çinar, G. Tug","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.17","url":null,"abstract":"Turkey has a great biodiversity which is threaten by many factors like climate changes, urbanization, overgrazing, and some conservation precautions should be taken. Therefore, the target species should be known in details. The objective of this study is to provide information about ecology, morphology, and the population density of Salsola grandis which is a local endemic species from Nallihan, Ankara. It prefers clayey saline alkaline soils with a semi-arid cold Mediterranean climate. During the field surveys between May 2010 and November 2011, the morphometrical measurements of vegetative and generative organs, and the edaphic characteristics were determined. The total number of individuals of the population was calculated as 436.612 over 48.5 × 10-4 km2. It was determined that the species has a high ratio of death, 55%, during the seedling period which may be the reason of the narrow distribution with the preference of special edaphic characteristics.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"24 1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to examine the seasonal occurrence and distribution of myxomycete under natural conditions in the field during four different seasons in the Koroglubeli forest of Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Surveys were performed seasonally in the winter, spring, mid-summer, early autumn, and late autumn of 2009. During the four seasons, 33 species from 17 genera were collected, including two new species for Turkey (Fuligo cinerea and Diacheopsis minuta). Also, the Diacheopsis was a new genus recorded for Turkey. Species richness and diversity were higher in spring (17 species, H'=2.66), early autumn (19 species, H'=2.72) and late autumn (17 species, H'=2.62) than those in summer (4 species, H'=1.20). Both spring and late autumn had the highest coefficient of community (CC) values (0.53) and the evenness component of diversity varied between summer and the other seasons. In addition, members of the order Stemonitales were encountered the most during the study. The general patterns of occurrence of myxomycete in the forest ecosystems are also discussed.
{"title":"Seasonal Distribution of Field-Collected Myxomycete in Koroglubeli Forest, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey","authors":"İ. Ocak","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.18","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to examine the seasonal occurrence and distribution of myxomycete under natural conditions in the field during four different seasons in the Koroglubeli forest of Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Surveys were performed seasonally in the winter, spring, mid-summer, early autumn, and late autumn of 2009. During the four seasons, 33 species from 17 genera were collected, including two new species for Turkey (Fuligo cinerea and Diacheopsis minuta). Also, the Diacheopsis was a new genus recorded for Turkey. Species richness and diversity were higher in spring (17 species, H'=2.66), early autumn (19 species, H'=2.72) and late autumn (17 species, H'=2.62) than those in summer (4 species, H'=1.20). Both spring and late autumn had the highest coefficient of community (CC) values (0.53) and the evenness component of diversity varied between summer and the other seasons. In addition, members of the order Stemonitales were encountered the most during the study. The general patterns of occurrence of myxomycete in the forest ecosystems are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"24 1","pages":"48-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most of the pesticides applied in various areas around the world and in our country are known to affect non-targeted organisms causing their death. For this reason, a new class of pesticides specific only for the targeted organism that does not harm the others is needed. Neonicotinoids, known as insecticide classes, have been used since 1980 to meet this requirement. In this study, Imidacloprid and Acetamiprid, commonly used neonicotinoids in pest management, were investigated for their chronic effects on the longevity of Drosophila melanogaster. Both insecticides were added to the Standard Drosophila Medium at different doses (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ppm). The male and female individuals of the wild type D. melanogaster Oregon R were chronically exposed to the insecticides in these application groups. It was determined that the mean lifespan of the female and male D. melanogaster populations decreased with the increasing concentrations of Imidacloprid and Acetamiprid in comparison to the control group. When the maximum and average lifespan values of the control and application groups were compared, the difference was found to be statistically significant with p<0.05.
{"title":"The Effects of Neonicotinoids on the Longevity of the Male and Female Populations of Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"H. Uysal, Sedat Ünver, H. Kızılet","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.04","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the pesticides applied in various areas around the world and in our country are known to affect non-targeted organisms causing their death. For this reason, a new class of pesticides specific only for the targeted organism that does not harm the others is needed. Neonicotinoids, known as insecticide classes, have been used since 1980 to meet this requirement. In this study, Imidacloprid and Acetamiprid, commonly used neonicotinoids in pest management, were investigated for their chronic effects on the longevity of Drosophila melanogaster. Both insecticides were added to the Standard Drosophila Medium at different doses (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ppm). The male and female individuals of the wild type D. melanogaster Oregon R were chronically exposed to the insecticides in these application groups. It was determined that the mean lifespan of the female and male D. melanogaster populations decreased with the increasing concentrations of Imidacloprid and Acetamiprid in comparison to the control group. When the maximum and average lifespan values of the control and application groups were compared, the difference was found to be statistically significant with p<0.05.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"22 1","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The endemic species of the genus Carabus occuring in Turkey are presented in this study. The data of the endemic species of Turkish Carabus recorded from our previous data collections, catalogues, and other various papers prepared on Carabinae, up until now were used. As a result, 35 endemic species and subspecies of Carabus in Turkey were recorded. The endemic species list of Turkish Carabus are presented together with distribution information. Additionally, the biotopes, density of species, and general information about whether they are officially under threat as a species is also presented. This information is very important for ecological and biological control, and for other such studies. Moreover, photos of some endemic Carabus are presented to be used in the diagnosis of these species. The aim of this study is to contribute a synthesis of information on the Turkish Carabus endemic species here in Turkey.
{"title":"Endemic Carabus Species of Turkey: Some Researches with Biogeographic and Ecological Notes (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Carabinae)","authors":"S. S. Avgin, D. Prunier","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.19","url":null,"abstract":"The endemic species of the genus Carabus occuring in Turkey are presented in this study. The data of the endemic species of Turkish Carabus recorded from our previous data collections, catalogues, and other various papers prepared on Carabinae, up until now were used. As a result, 35 endemic species and subspecies of Carabus in Turkey were recorded. The endemic species list of Turkish Carabus are presented together with distribution information. Additionally, the biotopes, density of species, and general information about whether they are officially under threat as a species is also presented. This information is very important for ecological and biological control, and for other such studies. Moreover, photos of some endemic Carabus are presented to be used in the diagnosis of these species. The aim of this study is to contribute a synthesis of information on the Turkish Carabus endemic species here in Turkey.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"24 1","pages":"26-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. C. Unver, I. Ugulu, N. Durkan, S. Baslar, Y. Dogan
Malva sylvestris is a widely consumed edible-medicinal plant with a natural distribution all around the world. The aim of this study is to determine the concentration levels of heavy metals, such as cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc, in the M. sylvestris samples from different local markets in the province of Izmir, Turkey. The analyses of the heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn was realized by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. At the end of the study, the mean concentrations determined for the unwashed plant samples were as follows: The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn (μgg-1, dry weight) varied between 0.035 and 0.262, 0.247 and 1.133, 1.611 and 43.27, 7.425 and 568.6, 0.340 and 57.61, 0.090 and 2.563, 0.032 and 1.712, and 5.309 and 75.47, respectively. For the washed plant samples, however, the contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn (μgg-1, dry weight) varied between 0.026 and 0.172, 0.153 and 0.462, 0.247-68.34, 7.407 and 187.5, 0.340 and 49.99, 0.042 and 1.332, 0.005 and 0.502, and 5.314 and 60.37, respectively. The findings show that the heavy metal concentrations of all the heavy metals determined in the washed plant samples were lower.
{"title":"Heavy Metal Contents of Malva sylvestris Sold as Edible Greens in the Local Markets of Izmir","authors":"M. C. Unver, I. Ugulu, N. Durkan, S. Baslar, Y. Dogan","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.01","url":null,"abstract":"Malva sylvestris is a widely consumed edible-medicinal plant with a natural distribution all around the world. The aim of this study is to determine the concentration levels of heavy metals, such as cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc, in the M. sylvestris samples from different local markets in the province of Izmir, Turkey. The analyses of the heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn was realized by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. At the end of the study, the mean concentrations determined for the unwashed plant samples were as follows: The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn (μgg-1, dry weight) varied between 0.035 and 0.262, 0.247 and 1.133, 1.611 and 43.27, 7.425 and 568.6, 0.340 and 57.61, 0.090 and 2.563, 0.032 and 1.712, and 5.309 and 75.47, respectively. For the washed plant samples, however, the contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn (μgg-1, dry weight) varied between 0.026 and 0.172, 0.153 and 0.462, 0.247-68.34, 7.407 and 187.5, 0.340 and 49.99, 0.042 and 1.332, 0.005 and 0.502, and 5.314 and 60.37, respectively. The findings show that the heavy metal concentrations of all the heavy metals determined in the washed plant samples were lower.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"24 1","pages":"13-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70622842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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