Dong‐Kyun Kim, Kwang-Seuk Jeong, Yuno Do, Hyun-Woo Kim, G. Joo
Landscape morphology of a watershed plays an important role on determination of the ecological health in the stream or river ecosystems. A habitat-riparian index system (HIS) is a newly developed metric to estimate stream naturalness in Korea. In this study, we focus on a predictive assessment of the HIS associated with stream integrity, and then aim to evaluate essential features of the stream integrity in conjunction with ambient land use patterns obtained from geographical information system (GIS). Concerning the stream health assessment, we applied a decision-tree model to the HIS prediction. As a results, the best models of the decision-trees exhibited a 72.2% accuracy in prediction of the stream health index, and also a 65.8% accuracy in classifying river catchments. A hierarchical structure of the decision tree models in effect, was able to identify and classify more influential land use patterns that could reflex stream integrity. We highlight that GIS-involved analyses and approaches accommodates a wide variety of benefits in a rapid assessment of ecological data associated with field measurements. Furthermore, such methodological applications will be able to become an effective alternative for efficient ecological health assessment in streams and rivers.
{"title":"Assessment of Stream Integrity in Relation to Neighboring Land Use Coverage","authors":"Dong‐Kyun Kim, Kwang-Seuk Jeong, Yuno Do, Hyun-Woo Kim, G. Joo","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.16","url":null,"abstract":"Landscape morphology of a watershed plays an important role on determination of the ecological health in the stream or river ecosystems. A habitat-riparian index system (HIS) is a newly developed metric to estimate stream naturalness in Korea. In this study, we focus on a predictive assessment of the HIS associated with stream integrity, and then aim to evaluate essential features of the stream integrity in conjunction with ambient land use patterns obtained from geographical information system (GIS). Concerning the stream health assessment, we applied a decision-tree model to the HIS prediction. As a results, the best models of the decision-trees exhibited a 72.2% accuracy in prediction of the stream health index, and also a 65.8% accuracy in classifying river catchments. A hierarchical structure of the decision tree models in effect, was able to identify and classify more influential land use patterns that could reflex stream integrity. We highlight that GIS-involved analyses and approaches accommodates a wide variety of benefits in a rapid assessment of ecological data associated with field measurements. Furthermore, such methodological applications will be able to become an effective alternative for efficient ecological health assessment in streams and rivers.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to investigate C and N mineralization of soils with Ceratonia siliqua (Fabaceae) and Pinus pinea (Pinaceae) growing on two different parent materials derived from conglomerate and marl in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Carbon (C) mineralization was measured with the CO2 respiration method at 28°C over 30 days. The nitrogen (N) mineralization was also measured in vitro both in the soils with the two parent materials of Ceratonia and Pinus under controlled conditions (42 days, 28°C and 80% of field capacity). There were significant differences between the two parent materials for both Ceratonia and Pinus in terms of the carbon mineralization ratio (%) in all sampling periods except for July 2012 for Ceratonia. These results might be clarified with the effects of different parent materials and plants. Interactions between incubation time, incubation time × plant were significant (P= 0.007 and P= 0.001 levels), respectively for the microbial respiration. The contents of NO3-N were higher than those of NH4- N in all soils. With these results it might be explained that environmental factors in both soils for NO3-N are quite suitable for the microbial activities of both Pinus and especially Ceratonia.
{"title":"Influence of Two Different Parent Materials and Plants on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization in a Mediterranean Climate","authors":"N. Kızıldağ, Husniye Aka Sagliker, C. Darıcı","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.20","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to investigate C and N mineralization of soils with Ceratonia siliqua (Fabaceae) and Pinus pinea (Pinaceae) growing on two different parent materials derived from conglomerate and marl in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Carbon (C) mineralization was measured with the CO2 respiration method at 28°C over 30 days. The nitrogen (N) mineralization was also measured in vitro both in the soils with the two parent materials of Ceratonia and Pinus under controlled conditions (42 days, 28°C and 80% of field capacity). There were significant differences between the two parent materials for both Ceratonia and Pinus in terms of the carbon mineralization ratio (%) in all sampling periods except for July 2012 for Ceratonia. These results might be clarified with the effects of different parent materials and plants. Interactions between incubation time, incubation time × plant were significant (P= 0.007 and P= 0.001 levels), respectively for the microbial respiration. The contents of NO3-N were higher than those of NH4- N in all soils. With these results it might be explained that environmental factors in both soils for NO3-N are quite suitable for the microbial activities of both Pinus and especially Ceratonia.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"24 1","pages":"64-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to highlight the potential economic benefits of fisheries industrial waste silage by the dint of its ability to be recycled efficiently in animal feed. Fish silage was produced by acid hydrolysis. The fish silage was ripened and became half-liquid, at room temperature in 12 days. Its odour became less pungent and was deemed to have an acceptable malt smell. The silage cost was found to be 0.72 TL/kg. The results of this study established that, the use of silage instead of fish meal, reduces the cost of feed by 21%. Therefore fish waste products, previously considered as a refuse and causing environmental pollution, can be reintegrated into the economy.
{"title":"Producing Silage from the Industrial Waste of Fisheries","authors":"K. Güllü, S. Guzel, Rifat Tezel","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.03","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to highlight the potential economic benefits of fisheries industrial waste silage by the dint of its ability to be recycled efficiently in animal feed. Fish silage was produced by acid hydrolysis. The fish silage was ripened and became half-liquid, at room temperature in 12 days. Its odour became less pungent and was deemed to have an acceptable malt smell. The silage cost was found to be 0.72 TL/kg. The results of this study established that, the use of silage instead of fish meal, reduces the cost of feed by 21%. Therefore fish waste products, previously considered as a refuse and causing environmental pollution, can be reintegrated into the economy.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"24 1","pages":"40-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70622529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The community structures and seasonal changes of soil microarthropods were investigated in a natural Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea) stand and adjacent Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) plantation located in the Belgrad Forest of Istanbul. Soils for microarthropods were sampled monthly using steel soil corers between November 2008 and October 2009. Soil fauna samples were extracted with a modified Berlese-Tullgren funnel and stored in 70% ethanol. A total of 26 taxons of microarthropods were identified in the oak stand and Scots pine plantation. The mean annual number of microarthropods per square meter was 42.851 for the oak stand versus 42.276 for the Scots pine plantation. The Collembola and Acarina are the two dominant taxa in numbers constituting 94% and 93% of all soil microarthropods of the native oak and Scots pine plantation, respectively. The Shannon diversity index (H') of microarthropods in the Scots pine site (1.72) was found significantly (P=0.008) higher than those of the native oak (1.57). This result implies that even though conversion of Sessile oak land to a Scots pine plantation may decrease the abundance but increased the diversity of soil microarthropods.
{"title":"Community Structure and Seasonal Changes of Soil Microarthropods in a Native Oak Stand and Scots Pine Plantation","authors":"Meriç Çakır, E. Makineci","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.02","url":null,"abstract":"The community structures and seasonal changes of soil microarthropods were investigated in a natural Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea) stand and adjacent Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) plantation located in the Belgrad Forest of Istanbul. Soils for microarthropods were sampled monthly using steel soil corers between November 2008 and October 2009. Soil fauna samples were extracted with a modified Berlese-Tullgren funnel and stored in 70% ethanol. A total of 26 taxons of microarthropods were identified in the oak stand and Scots pine plantation. The mean annual number of microarthropods per square meter was 42.851 for the oak stand versus 42.276 for the Scots pine plantation. The Collembola and Acarina are the two dominant taxa in numbers constituting 94% and 93% of all soil microarthropods of the native oak and Scots pine plantation, respectively. The Shannon diversity index (H') of microarthropods in the Scots pine site (1.72) was found significantly (P=0.008) higher than those of the native oak (1.57). This result implies that even though conversion of Sessile oak land to a Scots pine plantation may decrease the abundance but increased the diversity of soil microarthropods.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"24 1","pages":"23-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70622444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Habitat and population properties of Erodium somanum with also changing these characters timely were investigated. Distribution soils of this species are slightly alkaline, without salt and generally limes structure, adequate for ferrous but poor for phosphor. Climate type is semi-arid upper Mediterranean especially winter is cool. Distribution area of population is approximately 5 km2. Population density calculated as 3.04. According to results of size and sexual dispersal of individuals, a total of 83% of plants in spreading area between 0 to 25 cm2 were determined not yet attained sexual mature. The ratio of sex index in population was 1.26, average of the demographic increase of the flowering season for each year was only 35%. We suggested this species to CR B1ab(i)+(iii) in endangered groups of IUCN criteria based on the data that obtained from population studies.
{"title":"Lokal Endemik Erodium somanum’un Habitat ve Populasyon Özellikleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme","authors":"Dilek Oskay, Yâsin Altan","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.05","url":null,"abstract":"Habitat and population properties of Erodium somanum with also changing these characters timely were investigated. Distribution soils of this species are slightly alkaline, without salt and generally limes structure, adequate for ferrous but poor for phosphor. Climate type is semi-arid upper Mediterranean especially winter is cool. Distribution area of population is approximately 5 km2. Population density calculated as 3.04. According to results of size and sexual dispersal of individuals, a total of 83% of plants in spreading area between 0 to 25 cm2 were determined not yet attained sexual mature. The ratio of sex index in population was 1.26, average of the demographic increase of the flowering season for each year was only 35%. We suggested this species to CR B1ab(i)+(iii) in endangered groups of IUCN criteria based on the data that obtained from population studies.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"24 1","pages":"32-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuz Lake is one of the most important natural areas in the world with its distinguished flora and fauna. It is the second largest lake in Turkey. The lake is located within the boundaries of three cities, Aksaray, Konya, and Ankara. With-in the study area, there are 64 residential areas. Tuz Lake is located in a closed basin and has a geologically tectonic origin. The Lake and the surrounding areas were declared as an area of natural importance in 1992 and consequently as a Special Environmental Protection Area(SEPA), in 2000 was designated as the largest in the country with 7,414 km². The aim of this study was to determine the habitat types in the study area according to the European Nature Information System (EUNIS) and identify the changes in these habitat types for the last 20 years using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques. As a result, 12 EUNIS habitat types and the changes in these habitats for the year 1987 and 2007 were determined. Habitat types for 1987 and 2007 remained the same (12) but, the Surface Running Waters (C2) habitats in 1987 were transformed into small–scale ornamental and domestic garden areas (I2.2) in 2007. This finding shows the effect of anthropogenic pressure on the Tuz Lake Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA). The results of this study have implications for the management practices of Tuz Lake SEPA.
{"title":"Tuz Lake Special Environment Protection Area, Central Anatolia, Turkey: The EUNIS Habitat Classification and Habitat Change Detection between 1987 and 2007","authors":"O. Mergen, Çağaşan Karacaoğlu","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.06","url":null,"abstract":"Tuz Lake is one of the most important natural areas in the world with its distinguished flora and fauna. It is the second largest lake in Turkey. The lake is located within the boundaries of three cities, Aksaray, Konya, and Ankara. With-in the study area, there are 64 residential areas. Tuz Lake is located in a closed basin and has a geologically tectonic origin. The Lake and the surrounding areas were declared as an area of natural importance in 1992 and consequently as a Special Environmental Protection Area(SEPA), in 2000 was designated as the largest in the country with 7,414 km². The aim of this study was to determine the habitat types in the study area according to the European Nature Information System (EUNIS) and identify the changes in these habitat types for the last 20 years using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques. As a result, 12 EUNIS habitat types and the changes in these habitats for the year 1987 and 2007 were determined. Habitat types for 1987 and 2007 remained the same (12) but, the Surface Running Waters (C2) habitats in 1987 were transformed into small–scale ornamental and domestic garden areas (I2.2) in 2007. This finding shows the effect of anthropogenic pressure on the Tuz Lake Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA). The results of this study have implications for the management practices of Tuz Lake SEPA.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70622901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was carried out at a limestone quarry of the Kartas Company at the Bozanonu village in the Isparta region in 2010. Two blast trials, one with a classical drill cuttings stemming method and new plaster stemming method were carried out and the environmental and ecological effects were measured in terms of vibration and air shock and observed flying rock. The results were evaluated in terms of environmental and ecological values. In the one series of blast tests, the blast cost was reduced to 16 % by increasing the burden and spacing distance for the unit volume rock. In this way, 21% more blast area and the 21% more rock was obtained with the same hole-drilling. It means that lesser drilling and lesser blasting results in lesser environmental and ecological effects for obtaining the unit volume rock. Blast trial with plaster stemming produced less oversize material. For instance, +30 cm size fragments reduced to 5.4 % compared to 37.7 % in the conventional method of classical drill cutting stemming. In the next process, both the product can be broken and ground more profitable and especially the dust problem and other grinding and breaking induced environmental and ecological damage will be reduced. Therefore, it is expected that the new stemming method will commonly be preferred in the future. Using the new plaster stemming method, in spite of the 88 m measuring distance, vibration, and air shock values increased in the Peak Particle velocity (PPV) value from 12.0 mm/s to 17.8 mm/s and in the air shock value from 132 dB to 132.9 dB by directing more blast energy to rock breakage. Firstly in spite of it being seen as a disadvantage, it is not a disadvantage because of the total work (lower specific charge and specific drilling). In other words, we can obtain the same rock with lesser drilling and lesser explosives. In addition, these increased values were small and under the permitted limit of blast damage criteria in spite of the short measuring distance. Within the blasting area especially the birds, mammals, plants, as well as other living organisms can be affected. In terms of reducing the bad effects of blasting on the biological diversity, the new method provides successful and encouraging results because of a lower specific charge and specific drilling.
{"title":"The Environmental and Ecological Effects of the Plaster Stemming Method for Blasting: A case study","authors":"H. Cevizci","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.11","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out at a limestone quarry of the Kartas Company at the Bozanonu village in the Isparta region in 2010. Two blast trials, one with a classical drill cuttings stemming method and new plaster stemming method were carried out and the environmental and ecological effects were measured in terms of vibration and air shock and observed flying rock. The results were evaluated in terms of environmental and ecological values. In the one series of blast tests, the blast cost was reduced to 16 % by increasing the burden and spacing distance for the unit volume rock. In this way, 21% more blast area and the 21% more rock was obtained with the same hole-drilling. It means that lesser drilling and lesser blasting results in lesser environmental and ecological effects for obtaining the unit volume rock.\u0000Blast trial with plaster stemming produced less oversize material. For instance, +30 cm size fragments reduced to 5.4 % compared to 37.7 % in the conventional method of classical drill cutting stemming. In the next process, both the product can be broken and ground more profitable and especially the dust problem and other grinding and breaking induced environmental and ecological damage will be reduced. Therefore, it is expected that the new stemming method will commonly be preferred in the future. Using the new plaster stemming method, in spite of the 88 m measuring distance, vibration, and air shock values increased in the Peak Particle velocity (PPV) value from 12.0 mm/s to 17.8 mm/s and in the air shock value from 132 dB to 132.9 dB by directing more blast energy to rock breakage. Firstly in spite of it being seen as a disadvantage, it is not a disadvantage because of the total work (lower specific charge and specific drilling). In other words, we can obtain the same rock with lesser drilling and lesser explosives. In addition, these increased values were small and under the permitted limit of blast damage criteria in spite of the short measuring distance. Within the blasting area especially the birds, mammals, plants, as well as other living organisms can be affected. In terms of reducing the bad effects of blasting on the biological diversity, the new method provides successful and encouraging results because of a lower specific charge and specific drilling.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"24 1","pages":"17-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Macroalgae and angiosperms are proposed as biological elements to assess the ecological status of coastal waters and transitional systems by the EU Water Framework Directive. Recently, the Ecological Evaluation Index (EEI) was intercalibrated in the Mediterranean eco-region by the Mediterranean Geographic Intercalibration Group (MEDGIG). In the present paper, the EEI was tested at two different localities, the inner and outer bays of the city Ayvalik located on the Aegean coast of Turkey. The study shows a high ecological quality for the outer bay, whereas, the inner bay is of moderate quality.
{"title":"Ecological status of coastal waters of Ayvalık (Aegean Sea, Turkey) assessed by the EEI method","authors":"E. Taşkın","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.14","url":null,"abstract":"Macroalgae and angiosperms are proposed as biological elements to assess the ecological status of coastal waters and transitional systems by the EU Water Framework Directive. Recently, the Ecological Evaluation Index (EEI) was intercalibrated in the Mediterranean eco-region by the Mediterranean Geographic Intercalibration Group (MEDGIG). In the present paper, the EEI was tested at two different localities, the inner and outer bays of the city Ayvalik located on the Aegean coast of Turkey. The study shows a high ecological quality for the outer bay, whereas, the inner bay is of moderate quality.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"24 1","pages":"10-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-24DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.945
M. Alataş, N. Batan
The Picea orientalis in the Orumcek forests are the tallest with the largest-diameter found in Turkey, Europe, and Caucasica. In this study, the vegetation and the epiphytic bryophytes of the Spruce in the Orumcek forests were investigated. Bryophyte specimens collecting from the Spruce tree trunks were evaluated and 26 bryophtes taxa (6 liverworts, 20 mosses) belonging to 17 families and 19 genera were identified. As a result of the evaluation of the releves taken from the Spruce trunks with the Braun-Blanquet method, the Dicrano scoparii - Hypnetum cupressiformis association and -sanionietosum uncinatae subassociation belonging to the Dicrano scoparii - Hypnion cupressiformis alliance was determined as being new to Turkey. The life forms and life strategies of the syntaxa were examined and analyzed in terms of the ecological and floristic values. Mat (Ma) and Cushion (Cu) are dominant in the association, Weft (We) is dominant in the subassociation of the life forms while, perennial styers with a high sexual reproductive effort (Ag) was determined as being dominant in both the association and subassociation. The most taxa of the floristic list were are also determimed as mesophytic, sciophyt, and subneutrophyt as a character.
{"title":"Epiphytic bryophytes and vegetation of the east Spruce in the Orumcek forest.","authors":"M. Alataş, N. Batan","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.945","url":null,"abstract":"The Picea orientalis in the Orumcek forests are the tallest with the largest-diameter found in Turkey, Europe, and Caucasica. In this study, the vegetation and the epiphytic bryophytes of the Spruce in the Orumcek forests were investigated. Bryophyte specimens collecting from the Spruce tree trunks were evaluated and 26 bryophtes taxa (6 liverworts, 20 mosses) belonging to 17 families and 19 genera were identified. As a result of the evaluation of the releves taken from the Spruce trunks with the Braun-Blanquet method, the Dicrano scoparii - Hypnetum cupressiformis association and -sanionietosum uncinatae subassociation belonging to the Dicrano scoparii - Hypnion cupressiformis alliance was determined as being new to Turkey. The life forms and life strategies of the syntaxa were examined and analyzed in terms of the ecological and floristic values. Mat (Ma) and Cushion (Cu) are dominant in the association, Weft (We) is dominant in the subassociation of the life forms while, perennial styers with a high sexual reproductive effort (Ag) was determined as being dominant in both the association and subassociation. The most taxa of the floristic list were are also determimed as mesophytic, sciophyt, and subneutrophyt as a character.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"24 1","pages":"33-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70624042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-24DOI: 10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.941
H. Pekey, Beyhan Pekey, D. Arslanbaş, Z. Bozkurt, Güray Doğan, G. Tuncel
Elevated levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matters have been observed in recent years in Kocaeli, Turkey, despite improvements in pollution prevention technology that have led to a reduction in gas and particulate emissions. Local authorities should devise alternative strategies to reduce the possible health effects of a variety of pollutants that affect air quality. The objective of this study was to identify potential sources of VOCs, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and coarse particulate matter (PM10) concentrations in atmospheric aerosols that were collected in the highly industrialised area of Kocaeli, Turkey, during the winter and summer months by using wind directions. Samples were collected from May 2006 to January 2007, and concentrations of eight elements (As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) were measured using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometer. Samples were analysed for thirteen VOCs, including benzene, toluene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, cyclohexane, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4trimethylbenzene, hexane, nonane and dodecane using thermal desorption (TD) and a gas chromatography/flame ionisation detector (GC/FID). The results show that vehicular emissions, oil and coal combustions, petroleum refinery and hazardous and medical waste incinerator are the significant sources of VOCs, PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations in Kocaeli.
{"title":"Source Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds and Particulate Matters in an Urban and Industrial Areas of Turkey","authors":"H. Pekey, Beyhan Pekey, D. Arslanbaş, Z. Bozkurt, Güray Doğan, G. Tuncel","doi":"10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EKOLOJI.2015.941","url":null,"abstract":"Elevated levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matters have been observed in recent years in Kocaeli, Turkey, despite improvements in pollution prevention technology that have led to a reduction in gas and particulate emissions. Local authorities should devise alternative strategies to reduce the possible health effects of a variety of pollutants that affect air quality. The objective of this study was to identify potential sources of VOCs, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and coarse particulate matter (PM10) concentrations in atmospheric aerosols that were collected in the highly industrialised area of Kocaeli, Turkey, during the winter and summer months by using wind directions. Samples were collected from May 2006 to January 2007, and concentrations of eight elements (As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) were measured using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometer. Samples were analysed for thirteen VOCs, including benzene, toluene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, cyclohexane, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4trimethylbenzene, hexane, nonane and dodecane using thermal desorption (TD) and a gas chromatography/flame ionisation detector (GC/FID). The results show that vehicular emissions, oil and coal combustions, petroleum refinery and hazardous and medical waste incinerator are the significant sources of VOCs, PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations in Kocaeli.","PeriodicalId":11598,"journal":{"name":"Ekoloji","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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