Sustainable and inventive city design is becoming more and more dependent on the use of cutting-edge technology as smart cities develop further. Energy efficiency optimization in residential structures is an essential part of the puzzle as it helps conserve resources and keeps the planet habitable. An enhanced Deep Neural Network (DNN) model for household energy efficiency predictions is presented in this research. Our model uses a large dataset of building features, weather, occupancy patterns and energy usage histories. Data is preprocessed, features are engineered and hyperparameters are tweaked to improve DNN prediction. Scalable, easy-to-understand models are essential, as are shifting urban areas and energy landscapes. In this work, the authors have evaluated the proposed model with basic model with different optimizers. Initially, the Stochastic Gradient Descent optimizer applied that gained 91.02% Recall, 93.47% Precision, 93.28% F1-Score, 0.0153 MSE, 0.0166 RMSE and 0.0165 MAE. The proposed model gained 99.52% Recall, 98.91% Precision, 99.09% F1-Score, 0.0140 MSE, 0.0137 RMSE and 0.0139 MAE. By monitoring, analyzing and making decisions in real time, smart city systems can help planners understand energy usage trends. The optimized DNN model advances smart city development by promoting sustainability and resource optimization. Predicting residential buildings’ energy efficiency provides proactive energy savings, cost reduction and environmental impact mitigation. The suggested DNN model shows how smart cities use cutting-edge urban planning to become more sustainable, efficient and resilient.
{"title":"Deep learning–based urban energy forecasting model for residential building energy efficiency","authors":"Uma Rani, Neeraj Dahiya, Shakti Kundu, Sonal Kanungo, Sakshi Kathuria, Shanu Kuttan Rakesh, Anil Sharma, Puneeta Singh","doi":"10.1177/01445987241257590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01445987241257590","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable and inventive city design is becoming more and more dependent on the use of cutting-edge technology as smart cities develop further. Energy efficiency optimization in residential structures is an essential part of the puzzle as it helps conserve resources and keeps the planet habitable. An enhanced Deep Neural Network (DNN) model for household energy efficiency predictions is presented in this research. Our model uses a large dataset of building features, weather, occupancy patterns and energy usage histories. Data is preprocessed, features are engineered and hyperparameters are tweaked to improve DNN prediction. Scalable, easy-to-understand models are essential, as are shifting urban areas and energy landscapes. In this work, the authors have evaluated the proposed model with basic model with different optimizers. Initially, the Stochastic Gradient Descent optimizer applied that gained 91.02% Recall, 93.47% Precision, 93.28% F1-Score, 0.0153 MSE, 0.0166 RMSE and 0.0165 MAE. The proposed model gained 99.52% Recall, 98.91% Precision, 99.09% F1-Score, 0.0140 MSE, 0.0137 RMSE and 0.0139 MAE. By monitoring, analyzing and making decisions in real time, smart city systems can help planners understand energy usage trends. The optimized DNN model advances smart city development by promoting sustainability and resource optimization. Predicting residential buildings’ energy efficiency provides proactive energy savings, cost reduction and environmental impact mitigation. The suggested DNN model shows how smart cities use cutting-edge urban planning to become more sustainable, efficient and resilient.","PeriodicalId":11606,"journal":{"name":"Energy Exploration & Exploitation","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141188922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-30DOI: 10.1177/01445987241259050
Yuchen Liu, Jian Gao, Huili Li, Anlai Ma
The Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin are hotspots for oil and gas exploration in recent years. However, due to the lack of effective paleo-geothermometers in carbonate formations, thermal history studies have been greatly restricted. In this study, we reconstructed thermal history of Ordovician carbonate intervals in Tarim Basin by applying clumped isotopes, equivalent vitrinite reflectance ( Requ) and zircon (U–Th)/He ages as thermal indicators. The modeled results indicated that there are three phases of heat flow evolution in the Shuntuoguole low-uplift. (a) The gradual cooling stage during Ordovician-carboniferous. The heat flow is gradually decreasing during this period. (b) Rapidly raised stage in the early Permian period. The heat flow in Shunbei and Shuntuo area are raised rapidly during this period and the maximum is 51–65 mW/m2, but the SN3 well in Shunnan area increased slightly and the heat flow values of other single wells were still relatively stable. (c) The decline stage since Middle Permian. The tectonic activity is relatively stable and the geothermal heat flow is gradually reduced during this period, but the heat flow in Shunnan area is higher than the Shunbei and Shuntuo areas. Due to the control of thermal evolution, the dissolution of the Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Shuntuoguole area occurred earlier than the formation of large quantities of hydrocarbon materials, and the improvement of reservoir physical properties provided sufficient conditions for the late oil and gas filling, which was conducive to the preservation of large oil and gas reservoirs.
{"title":"Thermal evolution of deeply buried lower Paleozoic strata and its influence on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China","authors":"Yuchen Liu, Jian Gao, Huili Li, Anlai Ma","doi":"10.1177/01445987241259050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01445987241259050","url":null,"abstract":"The Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin are hotspots for oil and gas exploration in recent years. However, due to the lack of effective paleo-geothermometers in carbonate formations, thermal history studies have been greatly restricted. In this study, we reconstructed thermal history of Ordovician carbonate intervals in Tarim Basin by applying clumped isotopes, equivalent vitrinite reflectance ( R<jats:sub>equ</jats:sub>) and zircon (U–Th)/He ages as thermal indicators. The modeled results indicated that there are three phases of heat flow evolution in the Shuntuoguole low-uplift. (a) The gradual cooling stage during Ordovician-carboniferous. The heat flow is gradually decreasing during this period. (b) Rapidly raised stage in the early Permian period. The heat flow in Shunbei and Shuntuo area are raised rapidly during this period and the maximum is 51–65 mW/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, but the SN3 well in Shunnan area increased slightly and the heat flow values of other single wells were still relatively stable. (c) The decline stage since Middle Permian. The tectonic activity is relatively stable and the geothermal heat flow is gradually reduced during this period, but the heat flow in Shunnan area is higher than the Shunbei and Shuntuo areas. Due to the control of thermal evolution, the dissolution of the Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Shuntuoguole area occurred earlier than the formation of large quantities of hydrocarbon materials, and the improvement of reservoir physical properties provided sufficient conditions for the late oil and gas filling, which was conducive to the preservation of large oil and gas reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":11606,"journal":{"name":"Energy Exploration & Exploitation","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141188904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1177/01445987241253626
Bosheng Hu, Yongping Wu, Yang Yu, Panshi Xie, Hu Wen, Hao Zhang
Close-hole roof-cutting technology (CHRCT, also called “dense drilling”) has been widely applied in coal mines due to its economic and safety benefits. Inappropriate cutting parameters and support schemes can lead to dynamic pressure disturbances in self-forming roadways with thick and hard roofs. Moreover, fully characterizing the procedure and process of self-forming roadways using CHRCT in the field is difficult, resulting in unconvincing results. Therefore, this study aims to fill the gaps in theoretical knowledge and methodology. First, the dynamic pressure characteristics of the self-forming roadway using CHRCT were investigated, and the dynamic pressure types of the roadway were classified. There are three main types: roof cut off along the coal wall side of, severe deformation, and overhanging roof of a roadway after the second working face mining. The effects of different hole parameters (inclination angle, depth and spacing) on the roof cutting to form a roadway were also investigated. The optimal hole inclination, depth and spacing of 15°, 8 m, and 200 mm were determined through a series of experiments. Then, three support schemes embedded in the roadway were compared in terms of stress evolution, bolt and cable axial forces, roof displacement, and structure. Finally, this study proposes a dynamic pressure mitigation strategy through the optimization of parameters for close-hole roof-cutting and support schemes, monitoring and controlling ground pressure in roadways, and taking auxiliary measures for pressure relief. The results show that this strategy can effectively eliminate the dynamic pressure of the roadway and meet the stability requirements of the full mining cycle. This paper presents a methodology for analysing CHRCT via numerical simulation. Moreover, this approach is of great theoretical and practical importance for dynamic pressure control for self-forming roadways using CHRCT in thin coal seams with thick and hard roofs.
{"title":"Numerical study on the dynamic pressure control for self-forming roadways using CHRCT in thin coal seams with thick and hard roofs","authors":"Bosheng Hu, Yongping Wu, Yang Yu, Panshi Xie, Hu Wen, Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1177/01445987241253626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01445987241253626","url":null,"abstract":"Close-hole roof-cutting technology (CHRCT, also called “dense drilling”) has been widely applied in coal mines due to its economic and safety benefits. Inappropriate cutting parameters and support schemes can lead to dynamic pressure disturbances in self-forming roadways with thick and hard roofs. Moreover, fully characterizing the procedure and process of self-forming roadways using CHRCT in the field is difficult, resulting in unconvincing results. Therefore, this study aims to fill the gaps in theoretical knowledge and methodology. First, the dynamic pressure characteristics of the self-forming roadway using CHRCT were investigated, and the dynamic pressure types of the roadway were classified. There are three main types: roof cut off along the coal wall side of, severe deformation, and overhanging roof of a roadway after the second working face mining. The effects of different hole parameters (inclination angle, depth and spacing) on the roof cutting to form a roadway were also investigated. The optimal hole inclination, depth and spacing of 15°, 8 m, and 200 mm were determined through a series of experiments. Then, three support schemes embedded in the roadway were compared in terms of stress evolution, bolt and cable axial forces, roof displacement, and structure. Finally, this study proposes a dynamic pressure mitigation strategy through the optimization of parameters for close-hole roof-cutting and support schemes, monitoring and controlling ground pressure in roadways, and taking auxiliary measures for pressure relief. The results show that this strategy can effectively eliminate the dynamic pressure of the roadway and meet the stability requirements of the full mining cycle. This paper presents a methodology for analysing CHRCT via numerical simulation. Moreover, this approach is of great theoretical and practical importance for dynamic pressure control for self-forming roadways using CHRCT in thin coal seams with thick and hard roofs.","PeriodicalId":11606,"journal":{"name":"Energy Exploration & Exploitation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141188982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-25DOI: 10.1177/01445987241255394
Asif Iqbal Kawoosa, Deepak Prashar, G R Anantha Raman, Anchit Bijalwan, Mohd Anul Haq, Mohammed Aleisa, Abdullah Alenizi
Electricity theft detection (ETD) techniques employed to identify fraudulent consumers often fail to accurately pinpoint electricity thieves in real time. The patterns associated with electricity use are leveraged to identify anomalies indicative of electricity theft. However, challenges in the benchmark ETD include overfitting and a high incidence of false positives (FPs) resulting from incorrect usage patterns formed by considering only electricity consumption patterns without accounting for external factors that contribute to variations in normal consumption patterns. Further investigation is required to precisely detect instances of electricity theft, thereby minimizing nontechnical losses and forecasting future electricity demand to maintain a stable supply. This study employs a master energy meter located on the transformer side to monitor the amount of energy distributed to the region. Zones with a high likelihood of energy theft are detected by comparing the sum of readings from all the smart meters with the readings from the master energy meter installed on the HV of the substation transformer within the same electric feeder. Ensemble XGBoost machine-learning algorithm and K-Means algorithm are used for the classification of malicious and nonmalicious samples and grouping similar types of consumers together, respectively. This makes the proposed model resistant to false-positive rates caused by changes in usage patterns that aren’t done on purpose. Furthermore, energy thieves are identified by detecting anomalies in consumption behavior while maintaining constant internal and external environmental variables. This novel model proposed here mitigates the FP rate found in the present research of electricity usage data. Our approach outperforms support vector machines, convolution neural network, and logistic regression in simulations. Precision, F1-score, recall, Matthews Correlation Coefficient, Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC)-Area Under The Curve (AUC), and Precision Recal (PR)-Area Under The Curve (AUC) validate our model. The simulation results show that the proposed K-Means-LSTM-XGBoost model improved the classifier’s F1-score, precision, and recall to 93.75%, 95.16%, and 92.38%, respectively. Our model classifies huge time series data with high precision and can be utilized by the utility for real time electricity theft detection.
{"title":"Improving Electricity Theft Detection Using Electricity Information Collection System and Customers’ Consumption Patterns","authors":"Asif Iqbal Kawoosa, Deepak Prashar, G R Anantha Raman, Anchit Bijalwan, Mohd Anul Haq, Mohammed Aleisa, Abdullah Alenizi","doi":"10.1177/01445987241255394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01445987241255394","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity theft detection (ETD) techniques employed to identify fraudulent consumers often fail to accurately pinpoint electricity thieves in real time. The patterns associated with electricity use are leveraged to identify anomalies indicative of electricity theft. However, challenges in the benchmark ETD include overfitting and a high incidence of false positives (FPs) resulting from incorrect usage patterns formed by considering only electricity consumption patterns without accounting for external factors that contribute to variations in normal consumption patterns. Further investigation is required to precisely detect instances of electricity theft, thereby minimizing nontechnical losses and forecasting future electricity demand to maintain a stable supply. This study employs a master energy meter located on the transformer side to monitor the amount of energy distributed to the region. Zones with a high likelihood of energy theft are detected by comparing the sum of readings from all the smart meters with the readings from the master energy meter installed on the HV of the substation transformer within the same electric feeder. Ensemble XGBoost machine-learning algorithm and K-Means algorithm are used for the classification of malicious and nonmalicious samples and grouping similar types of consumers together, respectively. This makes the proposed model resistant to false-positive rates caused by changes in usage patterns that aren’t done on purpose. Furthermore, energy thieves are identified by detecting anomalies in consumption behavior while maintaining constant internal and external environmental variables. This novel model proposed here mitigates the FP rate found in the present research of electricity usage data. Our approach outperforms support vector machines, convolution neural network, and logistic regression in simulations. Precision, F1-score, recall, Matthews Correlation Coefficient, Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC)-Area Under The Curve (AUC), and Precision Recal (PR)-Area Under The Curve (AUC) validate our model. The simulation results show that the proposed K-Means-LSTM-XGBoost model improved the classifier’s F1-score, precision, and recall to 93.75%, 95.16%, and 92.38%, respectively. Our model classifies huge time series data with high precision and can be utilized by the utility for real time electricity theft detection.","PeriodicalId":11606,"journal":{"name":"Energy Exploration & Exploitation","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141146941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable energy serves as an effective alternative to traditional fossil fuels, reducing reliance on energy imports from specific countries, thereby alleviating geopolitical risks and ensuring national energy security. The development and utilization of renewable energy have profound implications for the global energy consumption structure and geopolitical landscape. This paper utilizes time-series and panel data from 1990 to 2020 to examine the causal relationship between renewable energy consumption and geopolitical risks. Focusing primarily on the United States and the United Kingdom, a multivariate regression model was developed for empirical analysis, with a comparative analysis conducted against other Group of Seven (G7) member countries. Subsequent robustness checks were performed to further validate the model's robustness. Additionally, this study explores the role of military strength as a moderating variable in the relationship between renewable energy and geopolitics. Lastly, a vector autoregression model was constructed to analyze the dynamic relationships between renewable energy and related variables. The findings reveal that (1) consumption of clean renewable energies, such as solar, wind, and tidal energy, significantly reduces geopolitical risks in the United States and the United Kingdom, with differing empirical results for France, Canada, and Japan, interpreted according to their developmental contexts and (2) increased defense expenditure in the US and the UK significantly enhances the positive impact of renewable energy consumption on mitigating geopolitical risks. Utilizing renewable energy not only diversifies national energy options but also reduces reliance on fossil fuels and fosters international cooperation, thereby easing geopolitical tensions. This research enriches the literature on the relationship between renewable energy consumption and national energy security in key global nations and offers theoretical insights for the formulation and implementation of national energy development strategies in the new world development paradigm.
{"title":"The impact of the proportion of renewable energy consumption on geopolitical risks in the United States and the United Kingdom","authors":"Zhuo Yang, Xiaohui Yuan, Jian Hu, Dong Liu, Wenguang Tang","doi":"10.1177/01445987241250268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01445987241250268","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy serves as an effective alternative to traditional fossil fuels, reducing reliance on energy imports from specific countries, thereby alleviating geopolitical risks and ensuring national energy security. The development and utilization of renewable energy have profound implications for the global energy consumption structure and geopolitical landscape. This paper utilizes time-series and panel data from 1990 to 2020 to examine the causal relationship between renewable energy consumption and geopolitical risks. Focusing primarily on the United States and the United Kingdom, a multivariate regression model was developed for empirical analysis, with a comparative analysis conducted against other Group of Seven (G7) member countries. Subsequent robustness checks were performed to further validate the model's robustness. Additionally, this study explores the role of military strength as a moderating variable in the relationship between renewable energy and geopolitics. Lastly, a vector autoregression model was constructed to analyze the dynamic relationships between renewable energy and related variables. The findings reveal that (1) consumption of clean renewable energies, such as solar, wind, and tidal energy, significantly reduces geopolitical risks in the United States and the United Kingdom, with differing empirical results for France, Canada, and Japan, interpreted according to their developmental contexts and (2) increased defense expenditure in the US and the UK significantly enhances the positive impact of renewable energy consumption on mitigating geopolitical risks. Utilizing renewable energy not only diversifies national energy options but also reduces reliance on fossil fuels and fosters international cooperation, thereby easing geopolitical tensions. This research enriches the literature on the relationship between renewable energy consumption and national energy security in key global nations and offers theoretical insights for the formulation and implementation of national energy development strategies in the new world development paradigm.","PeriodicalId":11606,"journal":{"name":"Energy Exploration & Exploitation","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Germanium (Ge) is an excellent organophilic and dispersed semiconductor resource, which is irreplaceable in emerging industries such as new materials, new energy, aerospace, industrial smelting, national defense, military industry, and modern information technology, it has become an important direction of mineral resources exploration. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out research on the collaborative exploration model of coal and Ge deposits from a technical and economic perspective to lay a theoretical foundation for the collaborative exploration of coal and Ge. In this study, the Wulantuga coal–Ge deposit is taken as an example, according to the distribution characteristics of coal–Ge deposit and the response effect to the exploration technical means, the economical and effective exploration technical means, reasonable exploration project layout and resource estimation parameters of coal–Ge deposit are put forward, and the cooperative exploration mode of coal–Ge deposit is determined, it provides an important scientific basis for improving the strategic coordination ability of Ge mineral resources.
{"title":"Cooperative exploration model of coal–Ge deposit: A case study of the Wulantuga coal–Ge deposit in Shengli coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China","authors":"Xin Li, Yingchun Wei, Daiyong Cao, Laixin Xu, Yun Zhang, Jinhao Wei, Bo Dong","doi":"10.1177/01445987241239351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01445987241239351","url":null,"abstract":"Germanium (Ge) is an excellent organophilic and dispersed semiconductor resource, which is irreplaceable in emerging industries such as new materials, new energy, aerospace, industrial smelting, national defense, military industry, and modern information technology, it has become an important direction of mineral resources exploration. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out research on the collaborative exploration model of coal and Ge deposits from a technical and economic perspective to lay a theoretical foundation for the collaborative exploration of coal and Ge. In this study, the Wulantuga coal–Ge deposit is taken as an example, according to the distribution characteristics of coal–Ge deposit and the response effect to the exploration technical means, the economical and effective exploration technical means, reasonable exploration project layout and resource estimation parameters of coal–Ge deposit are put forward, and the cooperative exploration mode of coal–Ge deposit is determined, it provides an important scientific basis for improving the strategic coordination ability of Ge mineral resources.","PeriodicalId":11606,"journal":{"name":"Energy Exploration & Exploitation","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140573866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As one of the important minerals in marine shale reservoirs, the development characteristics of pyrite can provide guidance for the exploration of deep shale gas resources and the study of high-quality reservoir development mechanisms. In this study, samples of the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formation in the southeast Chongqing area were selected, and the development characteristics of framboidal pyrite were revealed through a combination of qualitative and quantitative method. High-quality reservoirs of the upper Wufeng Formation and the bottom of the Longmaxi Formation are developed with smaller sizes, weaker variation and a narrower size distribution of pyrite framboids compared with other units of the strata, suggesting relatively stable euxinic conditions during deposition. The development characteristics of framboidal pyrite and some of the key reservoir evaluation parameters such as organic matter content and brittle mineral content, etc., are controlled by similar factors. Therefore, pyrite morphological evidence can be used as a potential indicator of high-quality shale reservoirs.
{"title":"Pyrite morphological evidence for sedimentary conditions of the Wufeng formation–Longmaxi formation in south-east Chongqing area–insights for high-quality shale gas reservoir formation mechanism","authors":"Difei Zhao, Qinxia Wang, Zhibo Zhang, Yuelin Zhao, Jiaming Zhang, Dandan Liu, Shengxiu Wang, Junkai Yin, Yinghai Guo, Geoff Wang","doi":"10.1177/01445987231220962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01445987231220962","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the important minerals in marine shale reservoirs, the development characteristics of pyrite can provide guidance for the exploration of deep shale gas resources and the study of high-quality reservoir development mechanisms. In this study, samples of the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formation in the southeast Chongqing area were selected, and the development characteristics of framboidal pyrite were revealed through a combination of qualitative and quantitative method. High-quality reservoirs of the upper Wufeng Formation and the bottom of the Longmaxi Formation are developed with smaller sizes, weaker variation and a narrower size distribution of pyrite framboids compared with other units of the strata, suggesting relatively stable euxinic conditions during deposition. The development characteristics of framboidal pyrite and some of the key reservoir evaluation parameters such as organic matter content and brittle mineral content, etc., are controlled by similar factors. Therefore, pyrite morphological evidence can be used as a potential indicator of high-quality shale reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":11606,"journal":{"name":"Energy Exploration & Exploitation","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140322857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.1177/01445987241238259
Zhen Wang, Zhanli Ren, Pan Li, Jian Liu
The Chang 8 reservoir of the Maling Oilfield in the Ordos Basin, China is facing a series of challenges in hydrocarbon resource development, including rapidly decreasing production rates, declining dynamic fluid levels, and elevated water cuts in oil wells, along with heterogeneity in microscopic pore-throat structures and notable interstratal inconsistencies. To systematically address these issues, this study selected representative samples from the reservoir and conducted rigorous microscopic percolation experiments on them. A comprehensive evaluation of the heterogeneity in microscopic pore structures was conducted using an integrative methodological approach, involving physical property quantification, petrographic thin-section analysis, scanning electron microscopy, constant-rate mercury intrusion, and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The primary objective of this investigation is to elucidate the underlying formation mechanisms, states of occurrence, and spatial distributions of residual oil. Understanding of these issues will facilitate the establishment of empirical correlations between diverse microscopic pore structures and water-flooding efficiencies, and aid in the identification of key variables governing the distribution of residual oil. Analytical outcomes reveal substantial variations in seepage characteristics contingent upon the nature of microscopic seepage conduits. Specifically, the Chang 8 reservoir manifests four discernible categories of microscopic seepage pathways: solely intergranular pores, a confluence of dissolution and intergranular pores, exclusively dissolution pores, and micropores. A correlative decline in oil displacement efficiency is observed across these conduit types. Critical variables such as throat radius and its distribution patterns emerge as pivotal determinants influencing oil displacement efficiency, eclipsing the impact of conventional physical properties and mobile fluid saturation levels. Remarkably, samples characterized by a composite of dissolution and intergranular pores demonstrate superior displacement efficiency. Distinct types of pore structures correspond to noticeably different water-flooding oil pathways and oil displacement efficiencies. During the water-flooding process, fingering network displacement is dominant, and it exerts a significant control on oil displacement efficiency. Key factors affecting this efficiency include the injected water volume multiples and displacement pressure, values of which should be optimized during the actual water-flooding process.
{"title":"Microscopic pore-throat structure variability in low-permeability sandstone reservoirs and its impact on water-flooding efficacy: Insights from the Chang 8 reservoir in the Maling Oilfield, Ordos Basin, China","authors":"Zhen Wang, Zhanli Ren, Pan Li, Jian Liu","doi":"10.1177/01445987241238259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01445987241238259","url":null,"abstract":"The Chang 8 reservoir of the Maling Oilfield in the Ordos Basin, China is facing a series of challenges in hydrocarbon resource development, including rapidly decreasing production rates, declining dynamic fluid levels, and elevated water cuts in oil wells, along with heterogeneity in microscopic pore-throat structures and notable interstratal inconsistencies. To systematically address these issues, this study selected representative samples from the reservoir and conducted rigorous microscopic percolation experiments on them. A comprehensive evaluation of the heterogeneity in microscopic pore structures was conducted using an integrative methodological approach, involving physical property quantification, petrographic thin-section analysis, scanning electron microscopy, constant-rate mercury intrusion, and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The primary objective of this investigation is to elucidate the underlying formation mechanisms, states of occurrence, and spatial distributions of residual oil. Understanding of these issues will facilitate the establishment of empirical correlations between diverse microscopic pore structures and water-flooding efficiencies, and aid in the identification of key variables governing the distribution of residual oil. Analytical outcomes reveal substantial variations in seepage characteristics contingent upon the nature of microscopic seepage conduits. Specifically, the Chang 8 reservoir manifests four discernible categories of microscopic seepage pathways: solely intergranular pores, a confluence of dissolution and intergranular pores, exclusively dissolution pores, and micropores. A correlative decline in oil displacement efficiency is observed across these conduit types. Critical variables such as throat radius and its distribution patterns emerge as pivotal determinants influencing oil displacement efficiency, eclipsing the impact of conventional physical properties and mobile fluid saturation levels. Remarkably, samples characterized by a composite of dissolution and intergranular pores demonstrate superior displacement efficiency. Distinct types of pore structures correspond to noticeably different water-flooding oil pathways and oil displacement efficiencies. During the water-flooding process, fingering network displacement is dominant, and it exerts a significant control on oil displacement efficiency. Key factors affecting this efficiency include the injected water volume multiples and displacement pressure, values of which should be optimized during the actual water-flooding process.","PeriodicalId":11606,"journal":{"name":"Energy Exploration & Exploitation","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140299015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.1177/01445987241236503
Xiaoqun Yang, Shoutao Peng, Tailiang Fan, Zhiqian Gao, Shi Wang
Shallow-water carbonates from the Yingshan Formation are important target of hydrocarbon exploration in Tarim Basin. Detailed descriptions of outcrop, core, and thin sections, isotopic composition analysis, and trace element analysis were conducted. Seven lithofacies which consists of two facies belt groups were identified and used to interpret deposition environments of Yingshan Formation: (1) peritidal carbonate, with relatively lower δ13C values from −4.2% to −1.9%, mainly represented by intertidal to supratidal facies and restricted subtidal facies and (2) open-marine subtidal carbonate, with higher δ13C values (−1.5% to −0.3%), mainly consists of shoal facies and interbank sea facies. On the basis of the lithology sets, four types of meter-scale cycle model (types A–D) were grouped into peritidal sequences and subtidal sequences. On the basis of vertical lithofacies, cycle stacking patterns, and accommodation variations in Fischer plots, two third-order depositional sequences (SQ1–SQ2) were recognized. The sequence boundary between SQ1 and SQ2 is not only a surface of a positive shift of δ13C values, but also the transitional zone of cycle stacking patterns. The sequences can be further divided into four fourth-order sequence sets: Sq1–Sq4. The lower sequences (Sq1–Sq2) are dominated by peritidal facies and characterized by a progressive decreasing in accommodation space probably indicates a longer-term fall in sea level. The upper sequences (Sq3–Sq4) are mainly dominated by subtidal facies and characterized by the accommodation space with a progressive increasement, likely indicates a rising sea level with a longer term. The facies-controlled reservoirs are mainly present in the Sq3, related to the sequence boundary between SQ1 and SQ2.
{"title":"Facies and geochemical characteristics of the Middle-Lower Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the Tarim Basin, NW China: Implications for the high-frequency sequence stratigraphy in shallow-water carbonate platform","authors":"Xiaoqun Yang, Shoutao Peng, Tailiang Fan, Zhiqian Gao, Shi Wang","doi":"10.1177/01445987241236503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01445987241236503","url":null,"abstract":"Shallow-water carbonates from the Yingshan Formation are important target of hydrocarbon exploration in Tarim Basin. Detailed descriptions of outcrop, core, and thin sections, isotopic composition analysis, and trace element analysis were conducted. Seven lithofacies which consists of two facies belt groups were identified and used to interpret deposition environments of Yingshan Formation: (1) peritidal carbonate, with relatively lower δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C values from −4.2% to −1.9%, mainly represented by intertidal to supratidal facies and restricted subtidal facies and (2) open-marine subtidal carbonate, with higher δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C values (−1.5% to −0.3%), mainly consists of shoal facies and interbank sea facies. On the basis of the lithology sets, four types of meter-scale cycle model (types A–D) were grouped into peritidal sequences and subtidal sequences. On the basis of vertical lithofacies, cycle stacking patterns, and accommodation variations in Fischer plots, two third-order depositional sequences (SQ1–SQ2) were recognized. The sequence boundary between SQ1 and SQ2 is not only a surface of a positive shift of δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C values, but also the transitional zone of cycle stacking patterns. The sequences can be further divided into four fourth-order sequence sets: Sq1–Sq4. The lower sequences (Sq1–Sq2) are dominated by peritidal facies and characterized by a progressive decreasing in accommodation space probably indicates a longer-term fall in sea level. The upper sequences (Sq3–Sq4) are mainly dominated by subtidal facies and characterized by the accommodation space with a progressive increasement, likely indicates a rising sea level with a longer term. The facies-controlled reservoirs are mainly present in the Sq3, related to the sequence boundary between SQ1 and SQ2.","PeriodicalId":11606,"journal":{"name":"Energy Exploration & Exploitation","volume":"2018 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140197979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the multiple applications of the oregano ( Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour)), an important herbaceous plant because of its medicinal and culinary properties, limited research has been conducted on this species’ solar drying. Thus, the experimental drying of oregano leaves in a tropical climate was performed using direct and indirect solar drying and an electric oven in this research work. Also, mathematical modeling of the drying process, moisture diffusivity, activation energy, and colorimetric analysis (as a quality parameter) were accomplished to complement the experimental evaluation and understand the drying process behavior. The results show a shorter drying time obtained with the electric oven with 210 min reached at 65°C; however, the minimum solar drying time (250 min) was achieved with a maximum drying rate of 0.025 g water/g dry matter per minute and minimum final moisture between 0.28 and 0.13 g water/g dry matter was obtained with indirect solar dryer. Moreover, the models that better represented the experimental data were Modified Page, Page, and Logarithmic, with a maximum value of R2 obtained of 0.9980 corresponding to the Logarithmic model. Furthermore, a maximum effective diffusivity value of 1.81E-9 was obtained with direct solar dryer natural convection, while for the electric oven, were 1.14E-10, 2.280E-10, and 1.026E-09 for 45, 55, and 65°C, respectively. The activation energy for water diffusion in oregano leaves was 55.66 and 97.78 kJ/g mol for solar dryers and electric ovens, respectively, which were values very close to those reported in the literature. Finally, the colorimetric analysis exhibited a minimum color change value of 17.1 obtained for the indirect solar dryer, allowing better oregano preservation and maintaining its quality for the market, which makes it ideal for drying oregano in tropical climates and promotes solar drying use for sustainable growth of the region.
{"title":"Solar drying of oregano leaves (Plectranthus amboinicus, Lour): Analysis of experimental performance under a tropical climate","authors":"Margarita Castillo-Téllez, Omar Sarracino Martínez, Erika Miranda-Mandujano, Geovanni Hernández Galvez, Damianys Almenares López, Beatriz Castillo-Téllez, A.J. Cetina-Quiñones","doi":"10.1177/01445987241234389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01445987241234389","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the multiple applications of the oregano ( Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour)), an important herbaceous plant because of its medicinal and culinary properties, limited research has been conducted on this species’ solar drying. Thus, the experimental drying of oregano leaves in a tropical climate was performed using direct and indirect solar drying and an electric oven in this research work. Also, mathematical modeling of the drying process, moisture diffusivity, activation energy, and colorimetric analysis (as a quality parameter) were accomplished to complement the experimental evaluation and understand the drying process behavior. The results show a shorter drying time obtained with the electric oven with 210 min reached at 65°C; however, the minimum solar drying time (250 min) was achieved with a maximum drying rate of 0.025 g water/g dry matter per minute and minimum final moisture between 0.28 and 0.13 g water/g dry matter was obtained with indirect solar dryer. Moreover, the models that better represented the experimental data were Modified Page, Page, and Logarithmic, with a maximum value of R<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> obtained of 0.9980 corresponding to the Logarithmic model. Furthermore, a maximum effective diffusivity value of 1.81E-9 was obtained with direct solar dryer natural convection, while for the electric oven, were 1.14E-10, 2.280E-10, and 1.026E-09 for 45, 55, and 65°C, respectively. The activation energy for water diffusion in oregano leaves was 55.66 and 97.78 kJ/g mol for solar dryers and electric ovens, respectively, which were values very close to those reported in the literature. Finally, the colorimetric analysis exhibited a minimum color change value of 17.1 obtained for the indirect solar dryer, allowing better oregano preservation and maintaining its quality for the market, which makes it ideal for drying oregano in tropical climates and promotes solar drying use for sustainable growth of the region.","PeriodicalId":11606,"journal":{"name":"Energy Exploration & Exploitation","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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