Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_160_23
Anaida Clara Alex, I. Geeta, R. V. Chandra, B. Arvind
The present study compares the reduction in microbial count of instrumentation versus noninstrumentation laser disinfection technique. Thirty patients with periapical lesions ranging 3–5 mm in single-rooted teeth were selected for the study. The groups were divided into two main groups: Group 1 – instrumentation technique and Group 2 – noninstrumentation technique subjected to laser disinfection. Group 2 was again subdivided into two groups: Group 2A – only laser disinfection and Group 2B – laser disinfection and medicament. The groups were analyzed for the reduction in microbial count. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare mean differences in colony-forming unit (CFU) counts. Post operative mean CFU between the three groups were compared using Dunn’s Post Hoc analysis. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Significant differences were noted in mean CFU counts between Group 1 and Groups 2A and 2B (P = 0.006 and P = 0.001, respectively). Among Groups 2A and 2B, the reduction in the microbial count of Group 2B is better than 2A although not significant. The use of Er:YAG laser allows for effective use in disinfection due to its favorable properties such as antimicrobial effect, photoacoustic streaming, vapor bubbles effect, and lack of negative thermal impact on the periodontium. Significant shifts were observed in both the groups, but the impact of the shift was greater in the laser-assisted groups. Noninstrumentation laser disinfection technique shows promising results when compared to conventional techniques.
本研究比较了器械与非器械激光消毒技术在减少微生物数量方面的差异。 研究选取了 30 名单根牙根尖周炎病变范围为 3-5 毫米的患者。研究组主要分为两组：第一组--器械消毒技术，第二组--非器械消毒技术和激光消毒。第 2 组又分为两组：2A 组--仅激光消毒，2B 组--激光消毒和药物。对各组的微生物数量减少情况进行分析。Kruskal-Wallis 检验用于比较菌落形成单位（CFU）计数的平均差异。使用 Dunn's Post Hoc 分析比较三组术后平均 CFU。显著性水平设定为 P <0.05。 第 1 组与第 2A 组和第 2B 组的平均 CFU 计数存在显著差异（分别为 P = 0.006 和 P = 0.001）。在 2A 组和 2B 组中，2B 组的微生物数量减少情况好于 2A 组，但差异不显著。 由于 Er:YAG 激光具有抗菌作用、光声流、气泡效应和对牙周无负面热影响等有利特性，因此可有效用于消毒。 在两组中都观察到了明显的变化，但激光辅助组的变化影响更大。与传统技术相比，非仪器激光消毒技术显示出良好的效果。
{"title":"A microbial assessment of instrumentation and noninstrumentation laser disinfection technique: An in vivo study","authors":"Anaida Clara Alex, I. Geeta, R. V. Chandra, B. Arvind","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_160_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_160_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The present study compares the reduction in microbial count of instrumentation versus noninstrumentation laser disinfection technique.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Thirty patients with periapical lesions ranging 3–5 mm in single-rooted teeth were selected for the study. The groups were divided into two main groups: Group 1 – instrumentation technique and Group 2 – noninstrumentation technique subjected to laser disinfection. Group 2 was again subdivided into two groups: Group 2A – only laser disinfection and Group 2B – laser disinfection and medicament. The groups were analyzed for the reduction in microbial count. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare mean differences in colony-forming unit (CFU) counts. Post operative mean CFU between the three groups were compared using Dunn’s Post Hoc analysis. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Significant differences were noted in mean CFU counts between Group 1 and Groups 2A and 2B (P = 0.006 and P = 0.001, respectively). Among Groups 2A and 2B, the reduction in the microbial count of Group 2B is better than 2A although not significant.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The use of Er:YAG laser allows for effective use in disinfection due to its favorable properties such as antimicrobial effect, photoacoustic streaming, vapor bubbles effect, and lack of negative thermal impact on the periodontium.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Significant shifts were observed in both the groups, but the impact of the shift was greater in the laser-assisted groups. Noninstrumentation laser disinfection technique shows promising results when compared to conventional techniques.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140746723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_133_23
B. Manishaa, G. Sajjan, N. Kinariwala, K. Varma, Naveena Ponnada, Sindhuja V. Bagu
Retrieval of separated file at the periapex with minimal intervention is highly demanding. Preserving the remaining healthy periapical bone of a tooth with large lesion to promote healing is the strategic treatment plan. Endodontic DNS (Navident, ClaroNav, Toronto, ON, Canada) was used for precise apical microsurgery in two such clinically complex cases. Scanty literature is available on the use of DNS in apical microsurgery of such similar conditions. Case 1 complained of separated instruments with moderate pain during mastication in root canal treated 14. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional imaging revealed two separated endodontic files: one in the apical third and another in the periapex of the buccal root. The absence of periapical lesion here demanded minimal ostectomy for surgical removal of separated instruments. Minimal osteotomy, resection of the root tip, and retrieval of the apical separated instrument were achieved with a single precise cut assisted with DNS. During the retro-cavity preparation, the second file was also retrieved atraumatically using ultrasonics. Case 2 complained of moderate pain and mobility in 12. Clinical examination revealed slight discoloration in 12. 2D and 3D imaging revealed a large periapical lesion. Apical microsurgery with endodontic dynamic navigation resulted in the precise, simultaneous location, and resection of the root tip along with the management of the apical pathology with minimal invasion. This was possible only because of DNS. Both cases demonstrated uneventful healing at 1-year review. Periapical radiographs revealed a healthy periapical region in case 1 and healing periapical region in case 2. Endodontic dynamic navigation system enables the clinician to precisely perform a minimally invasive osteotomy and root-end excision in one visit, by guiding the surgical tools in real time with the help of DICOM and STL files of the patient.Dynamic navigation is a technical advance targeting minimally invasive, precise endodontic surgeries with decreased operative mishaps.
以最少的干预取回根尖周分离的锉刀要求很高。保留大面积病变牙齿剩余的健康根尖周骨以促进愈合是战略性的治疗方案。牙髓病 DNS（Navident，ClaroNav，加拿大安大略省多伦多市）被用于两个临床复杂病例的精确根尖显微手术。关于在类似情况下使用 DNS 进行根尖显微手术的文献很少。病例 1 主诉在根管治疗过程中器械分离并伴有中等程度的咀嚼疼痛。二维（2D）和三维成像显示有两个分离的根管锉：一个在根尖三分之一处，另一个在颊侧根尖周围。由于此处没有根尖周病变，因此需要进行最小程度的截骨手术，通过手术取出分离的器械。在 DNS 的辅助下，通过一次精确的切割，实现了最小程度的截骨、根尖切除和根尖分离器械的取出。在后腔预备过程中，还使用超声波在腔内取出了第二根锉。病例 2 主诉中度疼痛，活动度为 12。临床检查发现，12 例患者有轻微变色。二维和三维成像显示根尖周有大面积病变。根尖显微外科手术配合牙髓动态导航，精确、同步定位并切除了根尖，同时以最小的侵袭处理了根尖病变。这一切都要归功于 DNS。两个病例在 1 年复查时均显示愈合顺利。根尖周炎 X 光片显示，病例 1 的根尖周炎区域健康，病例 2 的根尖周炎区域愈合。 牙髓动态导航系统通过借助患者的 DICOM 和 STL 文件实时引导手术工具，使临床医生能够在一次就诊中精确地完成微创截骨术和根端切除术。
{"title":"Endodontic dynamic navigation for precise apical microsurgery: Case report","authors":"B. Manishaa, G. Sajjan, N. Kinariwala, K. Varma, Naveena Ponnada, Sindhuja V. Bagu","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_133_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_133_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Retrieval of separated file at the periapex with minimal intervention is highly demanding. Preserving the remaining healthy periapical bone of a tooth with large lesion to promote healing is the strategic treatment plan. Endodontic DNS (Navident, ClaroNav, Toronto, ON, Canada) was used for precise apical microsurgery in two such clinically complex cases. Scanty literature is available on the use of DNS in apical microsurgery of such similar conditions. Case 1 complained of separated instruments with moderate pain during mastication in root canal treated 14. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional imaging revealed two separated endodontic files: one in the apical third and another in the periapex of the buccal root. The absence of periapical lesion here demanded minimal ostectomy for surgical removal of separated instruments. Minimal osteotomy, resection of the root tip, and retrieval of the apical separated instrument were achieved with a single precise cut assisted with DNS. During the retro-cavity preparation, the second file was also retrieved atraumatically using ultrasonics. Case 2 complained of moderate pain and mobility in 12. Clinical examination revealed slight discoloration in 12. 2D and 3D imaging revealed a large periapical lesion. Apical microsurgery with endodontic dynamic navigation resulted in the precise, simultaneous location, and resection of the root tip along with the management of the apical pathology with minimal invasion. This was possible only because of DNS. Both cases demonstrated uneventful healing at 1-year review. Periapical radiographs revealed a healthy periapical region in case 1 and healing periapical region in case 2.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Endodontic dynamic navigation system enables the clinician to precisely perform a minimally invasive osteotomy and root-end excision in one visit, by guiding the surgical tools in real time with the help of DICOM and STL files of the patient.Dynamic navigation is a technical advance targeting minimally invasive, precise endodontic surgeries with decreased operative mishaps.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140749751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meenu Elizabeth Saju, Ramya Raghu, A. Shetty, Lekha Santhosh, Subhashini Rajasekhara, Priya C. Yadav
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of XP-Endo Finisher (XPF) in conjunction with three different chelating agents, namely, 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles (CNP), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and 7% maleic acid (MA) on residual debris and smear layer on the root canal walls of the mandibular premolars. Eighty extracted human mandibular premolars were used in the study. Canals were prepared using an XP-Endo Shaper, and the final finishing was done with an XPF file. Teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups based on chelating agents, Group I (XPF + 0.2% CNP), Group II (XPF + 17% EDTA), Group III (XPF + MA), and Group IV XPF + 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (control group). Teeth were longitudinally split and prepared for scanning electron microscopy analysis. For comparing the smear layer and debris score between groups, the Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA was used, followed by the post hoc Bonferroni test. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Group I (XPF + 0.2% CNP) gave the best results (P = 0.001) in all the thirds of root canal, followed by Group II (XPF + 17% EDTA) with P = 0.001. Group III (XPF + MA) showed results similar to that of the control group (XPF + NaOCl) with P = 0.001. There was a significant difference in the scores between Group I (XPF + CNP) and the other three groups. In all three-thirds of a root canal, the use of XPF + 0.2% CNP performed best at removing the smear layer. This was followed by XPF + 17% EDTA and XPF + 7% MA. For all groups, smear layer removal was less efficient in the apical third.
{"title":"Combined use of XP-Endo Finisher and different chelating agents on the smear layer","authors":"Meenu Elizabeth Saju, Ramya Raghu, A. Shetty, Lekha Santhosh, Subhashini Rajasekhara, Priya C. Yadav","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_97_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_97_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of XP-Endo Finisher (XPF) in conjunction with three different chelating agents, namely, 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles (CNP), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and 7% maleic acid (MA) on residual debris and smear layer on the root canal walls of the mandibular premolars.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Eighty extracted human mandibular premolars were used in the study. Canals were prepared using an XP-Endo Shaper, and the final finishing was done with an XPF file. Teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups based on chelating agents, Group I (XPF + 0.2% CNP), Group II (XPF + 17% EDTA), Group III (XPF + MA), and Group IV XPF + 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (control group). Teeth were longitudinally split and prepared for scanning electron microscopy analysis. For comparing the smear layer and debris score between groups, the Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA was used, followed by the post hoc Bonferroni test. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Group I (XPF + 0.2% CNP) gave the best results (P = 0.001) in all the thirds of root canal, followed by Group II (XPF + 17% EDTA) with P = 0.001. Group III (XPF + MA) showed results similar to that of the control group (XPF + NaOCl) with P = 0.001. There was a significant difference in the scores between Group I (XPF + CNP) and the other three groups.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In all three-thirds of a root canal, the use of XPF + 0.2% CNP performed best at removing the smear layer. This was followed by XPF + 17% EDTA and XPF + 7% MA. For all groups, smear layer removal was less efficient in the apical third.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-16DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_169_23
Pradipkumar R. Damor, R. Tewari, S. Mishra, S. Andrabi
The present study was conducted to evaluate the dentinal wall adaptation ability of different root canal sealers (mineral trioxide aggregate Fillapex [MTA], EndoSequence BC [ESBC] Sealer, and AH Plus) using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Forty-five extracted single-rooted human maxillary incisor teeth were selected and divided into three equal groups (n = 15). Working length was established using a #15 K-type file. Canals were prepared with rotary Ni–Ti system to size 30/0.06 or 40/0.06 file using endomotor at 250 rpm, irrigated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 3% NaOCl, and normal saline solution, and dried with paper points. Prepared canals were obturated with gutta-percha cones using the single-cone technique and appropriate sealers. Specimens were stored in saline solution at 37°C for 48 h and evaluated using a SEM. Unpaired t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and post-hoc tests verified the differences between groups and were considered significant at alpha = 5%. None of the specimens showed a gap-free interface. Gaps compared between MTAF and ESBC did not show any statistically significant differences (coronal [P = 0.9757], middle [P = 0.5464], and apical [P = 0.2136] thirds). However, gaps found at the interface of sealer and dentinal wall in root canals filled with AH Plus showed extremely statistically significant differences when compared with MTAF and ESBC (P < 0.0001). Specimens obturated with MTAF and ESBC Sealer showed smaller gaps on SEM analysis than specimens filled with AH Plus.
{"title":"Evaluation of the dentinal wall adaptation ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Fillapex, EndoSequence BC, and AH Plus sealers using Scanning Electron Microscope: An in vitro study","authors":"Pradipkumar R. Damor, R. Tewari, S. Mishra, S. Andrabi","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_169_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_169_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The present study was conducted to evaluate the dentinal wall adaptation ability of different root canal sealers (mineral trioxide aggregate Fillapex [MTA], EndoSequence BC [ESBC] Sealer, and AH Plus) using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Forty-five extracted single-rooted human maxillary incisor teeth were selected and divided into three equal groups (n = 15). Working length was established using a #15 K-type file. Canals were prepared with rotary Ni–Ti system to size 30/0.06 or 40/0.06 file using endomotor at 250 rpm, irrigated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 3% NaOCl, and normal saline solution, and dried with paper points. Prepared canals were obturated with gutta-percha cones using the single-cone technique and appropriate sealers. Specimens were stored in saline solution at 37°C for 48 h and evaluated using a SEM.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Unpaired t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and post-hoc tests verified the differences between groups and were considered significant at alpha = 5%.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 None of the specimens showed a gap-free interface. Gaps compared between MTAF and ESBC did not show any statistically significant differences (coronal [P = 0.9757], middle [P = 0.5464], and apical [P = 0.2136] thirds). However, gaps found at the interface of sealer and dentinal wall in root canals filled with AH Plus showed extremely statistically significant differences when compared with MTAF and ESBC (P < 0.0001).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Specimens obturated with MTAF and ESBC Sealer showed smaller gaps on SEM analysis than specimens filled with AH Plus.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Introduction: Evidence-based endodontics improves patient care by combining clinical competence, research, and patient values. This review critically assessed scientific studies at an Indian national endodontic conference. Materials and Methods: Scientific research papers presented at the 30 th National Endodontic Conference of the Indian Endodontic Society 2022 were categorized according to the area of interest and the level of evidence. Cuzick’s test for trend was utilized to compare the level of evidence of the abstracts at the National Endodontic Conference ( n = 396) and those published from the 20 th European Society of Endodontology Biennial Congress 2022 ( n = 91). Results: Endodontics ( n = 265, 64.6%) was the most examined domain, followed by diagnosis ( n = 49, 12.4%), restorative dentistry ( n = 46, 11.6%), and miscellaneous ( n = 45; 11.6%). Root canal disinfection ( n = 64, 16.1%) was the most prevalent subcategory, followed by endodontic instruments and apparatus ( n = 40, 10.1%) and restorations ( n = 36, 9%). Laboratory and animal (nonhuman) studies dominated the national conference abstracts ( n = 219, 55.3%), followed by level VI ( n = 108; 27.2%), level III ( n = 40; 10.1%), and level II ( n = 23, 5.9%). There was no significant difference between the national and international conference levels of evidence ( P = 0.318). Discussion: National and international conferences lack laboratory-to-clinical translation. Researchers must do high-quality, relevant, nonredundant evidence-based research. Conclusion: New studies should use evidence-based research to efficiently address valid research questions and provide predictable and high-quality patient treatment.
{"title":"Level of evidence of scientific research presented at a national endodontic conference","authors":"Arunakshi Krishnan, Amrita Chawla, Sidhartha Sharma, Vijay Kumar, Ajay Logani","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_95_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_95_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Evidence-based endodontics improves patient care by combining clinical competence, research, and patient values. This review critically assessed scientific studies at an Indian national endodontic conference. Materials and Methods: Scientific research papers presented at the 30 th National Endodontic Conference of the Indian Endodontic Society 2022 were categorized according to the area of interest and the level of evidence. Cuzick’s test for trend was utilized to compare the level of evidence of the abstracts at the National Endodontic Conference ( n = 396) and those published from the 20 th European Society of Endodontology Biennial Congress 2022 ( n = 91). Results: Endodontics ( n = 265, 64.6%) was the most examined domain, followed by diagnosis ( n = 49, 12.4%), restorative dentistry ( n = 46, 11.6%), and miscellaneous ( n = 45; 11.6%). Root canal disinfection ( n = 64, 16.1%) was the most prevalent subcategory, followed by endodontic instruments and apparatus ( n = 40, 10.1%) and restorations ( n = 36, 9%). Laboratory and animal (nonhuman) studies dominated the national conference abstracts ( n = 219, 55.3%), followed by level VI ( n = 108; 27.2%), level III ( n = 40; 10.1%), and level II ( n = 23, 5.9%). There was no significant difference between the national and international conference levels of evidence ( P = 0.318). Discussion: National and international conferences lack laboratory-to-clinical translation. Researchers must do high-quality, relevant, nonredundant evidence-based research. Conclusion: New studies should use evidence-based research to efficiently address valid research questions and provide predictable and high-quality patient treatment.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135434570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: This micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) study aims to quantitatively analyze the dentinal microcracks formed and propagated after endodontic retreatment using different file systems. Methods: Forty extracted mandibular premolars were selected. Biomechanical preparation was done using ProTaper Next rotary files followed by obturation using lateral compaction technique. All specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) and scanned under 1172; Micro-CT (Skyscan Bruker, Kontich, Belgium). After scanning, the first group was retreated using Hedstrom (H) files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), the second group with Gutta Percha Remover (GPR) files (Mani Inc., Japan), the third group with Endostar RE Re Endo Rotary system (RE Endo files) (Endostar RE, Poland), and fourth group with ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTUR) files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). A micro-CT scan was repeated of each sample to observe the newly formed and propagated microcracks. The micro-CT scans before and post retreatment were then evaluated using CT-analyzer software. Data were compared using the Chi-square test. Results: New microcracks formed post retreatment were maximum in the RE Endo group followed by the PTUR group, GPR group, and least in the H file group. Propagation of existing microcracks after retreatment was maximum in the RE Endo group followed by nearly similar in both the GPR group and PTUR group and least in the H file group. On comparing the frequency distribution of the newly formed and propagated microcracks, the Chi-square test showed similar distribution among all four groups, which was found statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: GPR rotary instrument group created the least new microcracks among tested retreatment rotary files. However, the propagation of microcracks was found comparable with the PTUR files.
{"title":"A comparative evaluation of the dentinal microcracks formed and propagated during the removal of gutta-percha using hand and three rotary retreatment file systems: A micro-computed tomography study","authors":"Srivastava Sanjeev, Rita Gupta, Dubey Sandeep, Tewari Tanu, Shukla Namita, Singh Arohan","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_192_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_192_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) study aims to quantitatively analyze the dentinal microcracks formed and propagated after endodontic retreatment using different file systems. Methods: Forty extracted mandibular premolars were selected. Biomechanical preparation was done using ProTaper Next rotary files followed by obturation using lateral compaction technique. All specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) and scanned under 1172; Micro-CT (Skyscan Bruker, Kontich, Belgium). After scanning, the first group was retreated using Hedstrom (H) files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), the second group with Gutta Percha Remover (GPR) files (Mani Inc., Japan), the third group with Endostar RE Re Endo Rotary system (RE Endo files) (Endostar RE, Poland), and fourth group with ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTUR) files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). A micro-CT scan was repeated of each sample to observe the newly formed and propagated microcracks. The micro-CT scans before and post retreatment were then evaluated using CT-analyzer software. Data were compared using the Chi-square test. Results: New microcracks formed post retreatment were maximum in the RE Endo group followed by the PTUR group, GPR group, and least in the H file group. Propagation of existing microcracks after retreatment was maximum in the RE Endo group followed by nearly similar in both the GPR group and PTUR group and least in the H file group. On comparing the frequency distribution of the newly formed and propagated microcracks, the Chi-square test showed similar distribution among all four groups, which was found statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: GPR rotary instrument group created the least new microcracks among tested retreatment rotary files. However, the propagation of microcracks was found comparable with the PTUR files.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49231032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: This study compared three different root canal sealers in terms of depth, area, and percentage of penetration into dentinal tubules. Methods: Sixty extracted human mandibular premolars were allocated into three groups, each containing twenty teeth, and filled with either AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, or Well Root ST root canal sealers, and gutta-percha. Horizontal sections were taken at a distance of 1, 4, and 7 mm levels from the apical of the teeth and examined under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Statistical analysis of the data involved running a Kruskal–Wallis-H-test. Results: There was no significant difference between the sealers in the apical and middle sections (P > 0.05). The penetration area and depth in the coronal section were the lowest in the MTA Fillapex compared to the AH Plus sealer (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the sections in terms of penetration percentage (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The sealers presented similar dentinal penetration area, depth, and percentage on the middle and apical sections. In the coronal section, the values were high within three parameters.
{"title":"Comparison of dentinal tubule penetration of three different root canal sealers by confocal laser scanning microscopy","authors":"Hafize Gulmez, S. Kaya, Merve Yeniçeri Özata","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_41_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_41_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study compared three different root canal sealers in terms of depth, area, and percentage of penetration into dentinal tubules. Methods: Sixty extracted human mandibular premolars were allocated into three groups, each containing twenty teeth, and filled with either AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, or Well Root ST root canal sealers, and gutta-percha. Horizontal sections were taken at a distance of 1, 4, and 7 mm levels from the apical of the teeth and examined under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Statistical analysis of the data involved running a Kruskal–Wallis-H-test. Results: There was no significant difference between the sealers in the apical and middle sections (P > 0.05). The penetration area and depth in the coronal section were the lowest in the MTA Fillapex compared to the AH Plus sealer (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the sections in terms of penetration percentage (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The sealers presented similar dentinal penetration area, depth, and percentage on the middle and apical sections. In the coronal section, the values were high within three parameters.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48255711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_186_21
R. Digholkar, S. Aggarwal, P. Kurtarkar, P. Dhatavkar, V. Neil, D. Agarwal
Aim: The objective is to systematically evaluate and compare the most commonly used treatment modalities, materials, and imaging techniques used in the diagnosis of internal root resorption (IRR). Methods: This review was done with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A search strategy of the literature was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and manual search library resources and MeSH terms were carried out from September 2009 to July 2022 and articles in English or those having detailed summaries in English were included. Duplicates were removed manually. Case reports/series which discussed imaging techniques and treatment modalities used for IRR were included. Preliminary screening consisted of 230 articles that were identified through the database searching. After a thorough screening of 230 articles, 25 unique articles were synthesized in this systematic review. Quality assessment of the case reports selected was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. Results: Case reports/series which discussed imaging techniques and treatment modalities used for IRR were included. It is clear from the chronology in these articles that although cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) might not have been the diagnostic aid of choice earlier, it certainly was the go-to for all the cases treated in the past 5 years. Furthermore, there was seen a range of management from surgical to nonsurgical depending on the lesion being perforating or confined to the root. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was used by most except one case where regenerative endodontic therapy was executed and in one Biodentine was used to fill the defect. Conclusion: Based on the case reports evaluated in this systematic review, it would be safe to conclude that: 1. CBCT would give the most detailed image of the lesion and its extent at the diagnostic stage. 2. MTA would be a good material to repair the defect arising in the radicular space from IRR. 3. Intra-oral radiographs could be used in the follow-up visits to check on the success of the treatment rendered.
{"title":"Imaging techniques and various treatment modalities used in the management of internal root resorption: A systematic review","authors":"R. Digholkar, S. Aggarwal, P. Kurtarkar, P. Dhatavkar, V. Neil, D. Agarwal","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_186_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_186_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The objective is to systematically evaluate and compare the most commonly used treatment modalities, materials, and imaging techniques used in the diagnosis of internal root resorption (IRR). Methods: This review was done with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A search strategy of the literature was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and manual search library resources and MeSH terms were carried out from September 2009 to July 2022 and articles in English or those having detailed summaries in English were included. Duplicates were removed manually. Case reports/series which discussed imaging techniques and treatment modalities used for IRR were included. Preliminary screening consisted of 230 articles that were identified through the database searching. After a thorough screening of 230 articles, 25 unique articles were synthesized in this systematic review. Quality assessment of the case reports selected was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. Results: Case reports/series which discussed imaging techniques and treatment modalities used for IRR were included. It is clear from the chronology in these articles that although cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) might not have been the diagnostic aid of choice earlier, it certainly was the go-to for all the cases treated in the past 5 years. Furthermore, there was seen a range of management from surgical to nonsurgical depending on the lesion being perforating or confined to the root. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was used by most except one case where regenerative endodontic therapy was executed and in one Biodentine was used to fill the defect. Conclusion: Based on the case reports evaluated in this systematic review, it would be safe to conclude that: 1. CBCT would give the most detailed image of the lesion and its extent at the diagnostic stage. 2. MTA would be a good material to repair the defect arising in the radicular space from IRR. 3. Intra-oral radiographs could be used in the follow-up visits to check on the success of the treatment rendered.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44425356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_220_22
Andrew Gnanamuttu, Arunakumari Veronica, K. Mahalakshmi, S. Sai, A. Susila
Aim: Thyme has got good anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties and is reported to be very effective against oral microflora. The aim of the present study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide and thyme oil to zinc oxide and eugenol. Methods: Anti-bacterial efficacy of zinc oxide + eugenol and zinc oxide + thyme oil paste was evaluated against mature Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) dentinal biofilm evaluated by the zone of inhibition (ZOI), biofilm disruption evaluated by colony-forming unit (CFU) reduction, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The red and green fluorescence thresholds were manually set according to their respective intensity and kept consistent for each sample. The ratios of live/dead cells were automatically calculated by the software. Results: The results of the present study showed that there was a statistically significant difference in antimicrobial efficacy for thyme oil compared to eugenol as evaluated by ZOI (P = 0.032). Thyme oil was significantly better than eugenol in antimicrobial efficacy according to the percentage of CFU reduction (P = 0.0422) in E. faecalis biofilm. Based on CLSM evaluation, there was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.172) between the two groups. Conclusion: Zinc oxide + Thyme oil paste, used in this study has shown promising antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and hence can be used as an alternative sealer.
{"title":"Noneugenol sealers – Thyme oil as an alternative in zinc oxide-based endodontic sealers","authors":"Andrew Gnanamuttu, Arunakumari Veronica, K. Mahalakshmi, S. Sai, A. Susila","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_220_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_220_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Thyme has got good anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties and is reported to be very effective against oral microflora. The aim of the present study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide and thyme oil to zinc oxide and eugenol. Methods: Anti-bacterial efficacy of zinc oxide + eugenol and zinc oxide + thyme oil paste was evaluated against mature Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) dentinal biofilm evaluated by the zone of inhibition (ZOI), biofilm disruption evaluated by colony-forming unit (CFU) reduction, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The red and green fluorescence thresholds were manually set according to their respective intensity and kept consistent for each sample. The ratios of live/dead cells were automatically calculated by the software. Results: The results of the present study showed that there was a statistically significant difference in antimicrobial efficacy for thyme oil compared to eugenol as evaluated by ZOI (P = 0.032). Thyme oil was significantly better than eugenol in antimicrobial efficacy according to the percentage of CFU reduction (P = 0.0422) in E. faecalis biofilm. Based on CLSM evaluation, there was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.172) between the two groups. Conclusion: Zinc oxide + Thyme oil paste, used in this study has shown promising antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and hence can be used as an alternative sealer.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45384665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vidhi J. Shah, N. Shah, K. Kishan, Meghna Kothari, Jaimini Patel, Shrey Patel
Aim: The aim of the study was to clinically evaluate the postoperative pain following use of cryotherapy in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis after single-visit-endodontics. Methods: After institutional ethical approval (SVIEC/ON/Dent/SRP/18115) and informed consent, a total of 120 patients were included as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients with single-rooted, mature teeth having symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with symptomatic apical periodontitis were included in the study. All the enrolled individuals were randomly divided by computer randomization into two groups: Group A – normal saline (n = 60) and Group B – cryotherapy (n = 60). Endodontic access cavity along with cleaning and shaping was performed under isolation. In Group A, irrigation was done with normal saline for 5 min. In Group B, 2.5°C cold saline was used for 5 min. In both the groups, obturation and postendodontic restoration were performed at the same visit. An evaluation was done by the blinded evaluator using a modified Verbal Rating Scale at 24 h and 48 h. In this study, both patients and evaluators were blinded. Paired t-test and independent t-test were used with SPSS 18.0 version. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Both at 24 and 48 h, cryotherapy showed a highly statistically significant difference (P < 0.000) than normal saline irrigation in the reduction of postoperative pain after single-visit endodontic treatment. Conclusion: Final irrigation with 2.5°C cold saline can result in a significant reduction in postoperative pain as compared to that of normal saline after single-visit endodontics in single-rooted teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with symptomatic apical periodontitis.
{"title":"Evaluation of postoperative pain with cryotherapy in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with symptomatic apical periodontitis after single-visit endodontics: A randomized clinical study","authors":"Vidhi J. Shah, N. Shah, K. Kishan, Meghna Kothari, Jaimini Patel, Shrey Patel","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_83_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_83_20","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the study was to clinically evaluate the postoperative pain following use of cryotherapy in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis after single-visit-endodontics. Methods: After institutional ethical approval (SVIEC/ON/Dent/SRP/18115) and informed consent, a total of 120 patients were included as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients with single-rooted, mature teeth having symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with symptomatic apical periodontitis were included in the study. All the enrolled individuals were randomly divided by computer randomization into two groups: Group A – normal saline (n = 60) and Group B – cryotherapy (n = 60). Endodontic access cavity along with cleaning and shaping was performed under isolation. In Group A, irrigation was done with normal saline for 5 min. In Group B, 2.5°C cold saline was used for 5 min. In both the groups, obturation and postendodontic restoration were performed at the same visit. An evaluation was done by the blinded evaluator using a modified Verbal Rating Scale at 24 h and 48 h. In this study, both patients and evaluators were blinded. Paired t-test and independent t-test were used with SPSS 18.0 version. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Both at 24 and 48 h, cryotherapy showed a highly statistically significant difference (P < 0.000) than normal saline irrigation in the reduction of postoperative pain after single-visit endodontic treatment. Conclusion: Final irrigation with 2.5°C cold saline can result in a significant reduction in postoperative pain as compared to that of normal saline after single-visit endodontics in single-rooted teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with symptomatic apical periodontitis.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46673089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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