Gauri Sanwatsarkar, R. Agarwal, Hemalatha Hiremath, S. Kulkarni, Jatin Agarwal, Vishwanath P Hiremath
Aim: This study was carried out to identify differences in the parameters for locating mandibular foramen (MF) in the central Indian population and the recommended guidelines for the administration of inferior alveolar nerve block (IAN) as mentioned in the dental literature. Methods: Eighty high-resolution full volumes cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were randomly selected from the radiology database and the scans were rendered, viewed, and measured using the on-demand volumetric imaging software (Anatomage, San Jose, CA). The parameters used in locating the MF/IAN complex were the horizontal distance from the mandibular notch to the midpoint of MF (H); vertical distance from the level of the mandibular occlusal plane to the center of MF (V) and the angle from the contralateral premolar contact area to the MF. Results: Paired t-test was applied. The mean horizontal distance from the mandibular notch to MF was 22.36 ± 2.60 mm in males and 21.05 ± 3.57 mm in females. The mean vertical distance to the occlusal plane was 10.23 ± 4.57 mm in males and 7.42 ± 4.96 mm in females, with a significant difference between the genders (P < 0.05). The mean value for the angulation for the occlusal plane was 39.28° ±5.23° and 37.35° ±3.72° in males and females, respectively. Conclusion: Ethnicity and gender influence the location of the MF/IAN complex. The utilization of long needles, orienting the syringe barrel at an angulation slightly <45° and approximately 10 mm above the mandibular occlusal plane can aid in successfully administering the IAN block.
{"title":"Mandibular foramen location and its implication to the inferior alveolar nerve block: A retrospective study","authors":"Gauri Sanwatsarkar, R. Agarwal, Hemalatha Hiremath, S. Kulkarni, Jatin Agarwal, Vishwanath P Hiremath","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_82_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_82_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study was carried out to identify differences in the parameters for locating mandibular foramen (MF) in the central Indian population and the recommended guidelines for the administration of inferior alveolar nerve block (IAN) as mentioned in the dental literature. Methods: Eighty high-resolution full volumes cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were randomly selected from the radiology database and the scans were rendered, viewed, and measured using the on-demand volumetric imaging software (Anatomage, San Jose, CA). The parameters used in locating the MF/IAN complex were the horizontal distance from the mandibular notch to the midpoint of MF (H); vertical distance from the level of the mandibular occlusal plane to the center of MF (V) and the angle from the contralateral premolar contact area to the MF. Results: Paired t-test was applied. The mean horizontal distance from the mandibular notch to MF was 22.36 ± 2.60 mm in males and 21.05 ± 3.57 mm in females. The mean vertical distance to the occlusal plane was 10.23 ± 4.57 mm in males and 7.42 ± 4.96 mm in females, with a significant difference between the genders (P < 0.05). The mean value for the angulation for the occlusal plane was 39.28° ±5.23° and 37.35° ±3.72° in males and females, respectively. Conclusion: Ethnicity and gender influence the location of the MF/IAN complex. The utilization of long needles, orienting the syringe barrel at an angulation slightly <45° and approximately 10 mm above the mandibular occlusal plane can aid in successfully administering the IAN block.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"35 1","pages":"113 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43680753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_179_22
E. Viswas, V. S Krishna, E. Sridevi, A. Sai Sankar, K. Sankar, B. Nagesh
Aim: The current in vitro study aimed to assess the surface topography of Protaper gold NiTi files and compare changes in surface topography before and after root canal preparation in straight, moderately, and severely curved root canals. Methods: In this study, thirty Protaper gold S1 files were selected. These were divided into three groups of 10 each and were used to prepare 440 straight, moderately, and severely curved root canals. Optical profilometry was used to perform qualitative evaluations of file surfaces before and after root canal preparation at specified intervals. The statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U-test for comparing two groups, the Friedman test for comparing within groups, the Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance for multigroup comparisons, and the Bonferroni test for multiple pairwise comparisons. Results: The surface irregularities in the form of cracks and microcavities were higher in the used files when compared to the unused files. Similarly, the files used in severely curved canals exhibited more surface alterations at less no of uses when compared to the files used in straight and moderately curved canals. The difference obtained was statistically significant, that is, P = 0.000. Conclusion: From the findings, it was concluded that the file separation has been preceded with surface deterioration as a result of repeated cycles of cyclic fatigue.
{"title":"Assessment of surface topographic changes of nickel–titanium rotary endodontic file at repeated usage: An in vitro study","authors":"E. Viswas, V. S Krishna, E. Sridevi, A. Sai Sankar, K. Sankar, B. Nagesh","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_179_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_179_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The current in vitro study aimed to assess the surface topography of Protaper gold NiTi files and compare changes in surface topography before and after root canal preparation in straight, moderately, and severely curved root canals. Methods: In this study, thirty Protaper gold S1 files were selected. These were divided into three groups of 10 each and were used to prepare 440 straight, moderately, and severely curved root canals. Optical profilometry was used to perform qualitative evaluations of file surfaces before and after root canal preparation at specified intervals. The statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U-test for comparing two groups, the Friedman test for comparing within groups, the Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance for multigroup comparisons, and the Bonferroni test for multiple pairwise comparisons. Results: The surface irregularities in the form of cracks and microcavities were higher in the used files when compared to the unused files. Similarly, the files used in severely curved canals exhibited more surface alterations at less no of uses when compared to the files used in straight and moderately curved canals. The difference obtained was statistically significant, that is, P = 0.000. Conclusion: From the findings, it was concluded that the file separation has been preceded with surface deterioration as a result of repeated cycles of cyclic fatigue.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"35 1","pages":"149 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43976774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_161_22
K. Kishan, Krushn Savaliya, Manan Shroff, Purnima Saklecha
Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of conventional and truss access cavity preparations on remaining dentin thickness (RDT), canal transportation, and centering ability in mandibular molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Ethical approval was obtained before the commencement of the study. Thirty extracted mandibular molars were selected, disinfected, and stored in normal saline. Preoperative CBCT scans were taken for all the samples and randomly divided into two groups. (n = 15). Group A; Conventional access preparation group; Group B; Truss access preparation group. Cleaning and shaping were performed with the mesiobuccal canal of all the samples. Postoperative CBCT scans were compared with preoperative CBCT scans to evaluate the RDT, canal transportation, and canal centering ability in mandibular molar with conventional and truss access cavity preparation. Results: Data obtained from CBCT were analyzed by independent sample t-test with the P < 0.05 and found that RDT was higher in Group A as compared to Group B at the 3 and 9 mm levels, whereas it was higher in Group B at 6 mm level in both the mesial and distal side, but it was statistically insignificant at 3, 6, and 9 mm level. Canal transportation was higher in Group B than in Group A, but it was statistically insignificant at 6 and 9 mm levels but statistically significant at 3 mm. Canal centering ability was higher in Group A than in Group B, but it was not statistically significant at 3, 6, and 9 mm levels. Conclusion: Regarding RDT and canal centering ability, there is no statistically significant difference at all levels. Both groups present a statistically significant difference at 3 mm from the apex when comparing canal transportation. This suggests that conventional access cavity preparation is better than truss access preparation to maintain original canal anatomy.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of the effect of conventional and truss access cavities on remaining dentin thickness, canal transportation, and canal centering ability in mandibular molars using cone-beam computed tomography","authors":"K. Kishan, Krushn Savaliya, Manan Shroff, Purnima Saklecha","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_161_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_161_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of conventional and truss access cavity preparations on remaining dentin thickness (RDT), canal transportation, and centering ability in mandibular molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Ethical approval was obtained before the commencement of the study. Thirty extracted mandibular molars were selected, disinfected, and stored in normal saline. Preoperative CBCT scans were taken for all the samples and randomly divided into two groups. (n = 15). Group A; Conventional access preparation group; Group B; Truss access preparation group. Cleaning and shaping were performed with the mesiobuccal canal of all the samples. Postoperative CBCT scans were compared with preoperative CBCT scans to evaluate the RDT, canal transportation, and canal centering ability in mandibular molar with conventional and truss access cavity preparation. Results: Data obtained from CBCT were analyzed by independent sample t-test with the P < 0.05 and found that RDT was higher in Group A as compared to Group B at the 3 and 9 mm levels, whereas it was higher in Group B at 6 mm level in both the mesial and distal side, but it was statistically insignificant at 3, 6, and 9 mm level. Canal transportation was higher in Group B than in Group A, but it was statistically insignificant at 6 and 9 mm levels but statistically significant at 3 mm. Canal centering ability was higher in Group A than in Group B, but it was not statistically significant at 3, 6, and 9 mm levels. Conclusion: Regarding RDT and canal centering ability, there is no statistically significant difference at all levels. Both groups present a statistically significant difference at 3 mm from the apex when comparing canal transportation. This suggests that conventional access cavity preparation is better than truss access preparation to maintain original canal anatomy.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"35 1","pages":"137 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46823738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shruthika Mahajan, N. Meena, A. Rangappa, A. Mashood, C. Murthy, M. Lokapriya
Aim: Analysis of interorifice distance (IOD) between mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals in the presence of middle mesial canal (MMC) variants in mandibular first permanent molar (MFPM) in an Indian subpopulation. To categorically assess the prevalence of MMC variants considering variation in factors of age and gender. Methods: Analysis of preoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images was performed on 256 MFPM. MMCs were classified as fin, confluent, or independent as per the classification given by Pomeranz et al. (1981). Orthogonal slices from pulpal floor to 4 mm below were used to measure mean IOD using the CBCT software tool. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics. The Chi-square test was used for further analysis. Results: The prevalence of independent MMC was 4.7% (n = 12), confluent 14.6% (n = 37), and fin 8.7% (n = 22). The mean IOD measured for fin variant was 3.12 ± 0.512 mm, 3.31 ± 0.402 mm for confluence variant, 3.72 ± 0.493 mm for independent MMC, and 3.36 mm ± 0.579 for two-canal variant. Significant association (P = 0.001) was observed between age, gender, and overall detection of MMC, wherein the presence of fin (8.6%) and confluent (12.9%) configurations was higher (P = 0.003) in individuals ≤40 years. There was increased IOD in females (17.9%) than males (10.3%), for confluent, independent, and two-canal configuration (P = 0.04; =0.01, =0.001). Decreased IOD was observed in individuals >40 years for two-canal configurations (P = 0.05). Conclusion: Preoperative CBCT assessment of MFPM aids in the detection of MMC. According to the results of this study, individuals aged ≤40 years have shown higher prevalence of fin and confluent variants. Increased IOD was seen in females for confluent, independent, and two-canal configurations. Decreased IOD was seen in individuals aged >40 years having two-canal configuration. Thus, root canal complexities vary with age and gender, and should be taken into consideration before endodontic treatment.
{"title":"Evaluation of interorifice distance in permanent mandibular first molar with middle mesial canal in Bengaluru city, Karnataka: A cone-beam computed tomography study","authors":"Shruthika Mahajan, N. Meena, A. Rangappa, A. Mashood, C. Murthy, M. Lokapriya","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_1_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_1_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Analysis of interorifice distance (IOD) between mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals in the presence of middle mesial canal (MMC) variants in mandibular first permanent molar (MFPM) in an Indian subpopulation. To categorically assess the prevalence of MMC variants considering variation in factors of age and gender. Methods: Analysis of preoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images was performed on 256 MFPM. MMCs were classified as fin, confluent, or independent as per the classification given by Pomeranz et al. (1981). Orthogonal slices from pulpal floor to 4 mm below were used to measure mean IOD using the CBCT software tool. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics. The Chi-square test was used for further analysis. Results: The prevalence of independent MMC was 4.7% (n = 12), confluent 14.6% (n = 37), and fin 8.7% (n = 22). The mean IOD measured for fin variant was 3.12 ± 0.512 mm, 3.31 ± 0.402 mm for confluence variant, 3.72 ± 0.493 mm for independent MMC, and 3.36 mm ± 0.579 for two-canal variant. Significant association (P = 0.001) was observed between age, gender, and overall detection of MMC, wherein the presence of fin (8.6%) and confluent (12.9%) configurations was higher (P = 0.003) in individuals ≤40 years. There was increased IOD in females (17.9%) than males (10.3%), for confluent, independent, and two-canal configuration (P = 0.04; =0.01, =0.001). Decreased IOD was observed in individuals >40 years for two-canal configurations (P = 0.05). Conclusion: Preoperative CBCT assessment of MFPM aids in the detection of MMC. According to the results of this study, individuals aged ≤40 years have shown higher prevalence of fin and confluent variants. Increased IOD was seen in females for confluent, independent, and two-canal configurations. Decreased IOD was seen in individuals aged >40 years having two-canal configuration. Thus, root canal complexities vary with age and gender, and should be taken into consideration before endodontic treatment.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"35 1","pages":"100 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43412998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_130_22
Kritika Ahuja, S. Jaiswal, V. Nikhil, Sachin Gupta
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the depth and percentage of sealer penetration into dentinal tubules using extracanal and intracanal heated NaOCl in the irrigation protocol using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Methods: Thirty extracted central incisors prepared till F4 ProTaper Gold were randomly distributed into three groups (n = 10 each) depending on the final irrigation protocol. Group C – nonheated 3% NaOCl, group EC – extracanal heated 3% NaOCl, and group IC – intracanal heated 3% NaOCl. Final irrigation with different warming protocols along with sonic activation was performed. Canals were obturated with standardized F4 Protaper Gold gutta-percha cone coated with AH Plus sealer labeled with Rhodamine B dye. The transverse sections of samples at different levels were examined on a confocal microscope and analyzed using IOB software. Unpaired “t” test and Mann–Whitney U test were used for intergroup comparison; P < 0.05. Results: The percentage of sealer penetration was significantly lower in group C as compared to group IC and EC at the coronal and middle third. Group C showed a lower depth of sealer penetration as compared to group EC and IC at all levels. The percentage and depth of sealer penetration were not significantly different between group EC and IC at all levels. Conclusion: Extracanal and intracanal heating of NaOCl significantly improves the percentage and depth of AH Plus sealer penetration in dentinal tubules.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of dentinal penetration of sealer with extracanal and intracanal heating of sodium hypochlorite: An in vitro study","authors":"Kritika Ahuja, S. Jaiswal, V. Nikhil, Sachin Gupta","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_130_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_130_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the depth and percentage of sealer penetration into dentinal tubules using extracanal and intracanal heated NaOCl in the irrigation protocol using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Methods: Thirty extracted central incisors prepared till F4 ProTaper Gold were randomly distributed into three groups (n = 10 each) depending on the final irrigation protocol. Group C – nonheated 3% NaOCl, group EC – extracanal heated 3% NaOCl, and group IC – intracanal heated 3% NaOCl. Final irrigation with different warming protocols along with sonic activation was performed. Canals were obturated with standardized F4 Protaper Gold gutta-percha cone coated with AH Plus sealer labeled with Rhodamine B dye. The transverse sections of samples at different levels were examined on a confocal microscope and analyzed using IOB software. Unpaired “t” test and Mann–Whitney U test were used for intergroup comparison; P < 0.05. Results: The percentage of sealer penetration was significantly lower in group C as compared to group IC and EC at the coronal and middle third. Group C showed a lower depth of sealer penetration as compared to group EC and IC at all levels. The percentage and depth of sealer penetration were not significantly different between group EC and IC at all levels. Conclusion: Extracanal and intracanal heating of NaOCl significantly improves the percentage and depth of AH Plus sealer penetration in dentinal tubules.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"35 1","pages":"131 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47528894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_202_21
Priyanka Unnikrishnan, Lalitagauri P. Mandke, L. Padhye
Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare postoperative pain in single visit endodontics using heat-treated nickel − titanium file systems (ProTaper Gold, HyFlex EDM, V Taper 2H). Methods: Sixty patients requiring endodontic treatment in vital permanent lower molars with irreversible pulpitis were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups each containing 20 patients: Group 1 teeth prepared with ProTaper Gold (Dentsply), Group 2 HyFlex EDM (Coltene), and Group 3-V Taper 2H (SS WHITE). Treatment was performed in a single visit. The severity of the postoperative pain was assessed by the Visual Analog Scale after 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative pain among the three groups. There was significant reduction in pain from preoperative till the end of 2 days, irrespective of the file systems used. When compared between the three groups. There was no significant difference in pain scores at different time intervals. When change in pain from preoperative to different time intervals was compared, there was no significant difference between all three groups. V Taper 2H files showed increased pain scores from 4 to 12 h, however, the pain reduced thereafter till 48 h with no significant statistical difference. Conclusion: Results of this in vivo study showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative pain among the three groups.
{"title":"Comparison of postoperative pain in single visit endodontics using heat-treated nickel − titanium file systems – A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Priyanka Unnikrishnan, Lalitagauri P. Mandke, L. Padhye","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_202_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_202_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare postoperative pain in single visit endodontics using heat-treated nickel − titanium file systems (ProTaper Gold, HyFlex EDM, V Taper 2H). Methods: Sixty patients requiring endodontic treatment in vital permanent lower molars with irreversible pulpitis were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups each containing 20 patients: Group 1 teeth prepared with ProTaper Gold (Dentsply), Group 2 HyFlex EDM (Coltene), and Group 3-V Taper 2H (SS WHITE). Treatment was performed in a single visit. The severity of the postoperative pain was assessed by the Visual Analog Scale after 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative pain among the three groups. There was significant reduction in pain from preoperative till the end of 2 days, irrespective of the file systems used. When compared between the three groups. There was no significant difference in pain scores at different time intervals. When change in pain from preoperative to different time intervals was compared, there was no significant difference between all three groups. V Taper 2H files showed increased pain scores from 4 to 12 h, however, the pain reduced thereafter till 48 h with no significant statistical difference. Conclusion: Results of this in vivo study showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative pain among the three groups.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"35 1","pages":"94 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47029128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dental trauma is complex, as it includes a wide range of different injury types with each type requiring specific considerations. It constitutes the fifth-most prevalent disease, and nearly 900 million individuals from 7 to 65 years of age are affected. The Dental Trauma Guide (DTG) project was initiated by Dr. Jens Andreasen in 2008 with the intention that all dentists around the world should be able to get access to the best available evidence regarding diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for a patient with dental trauma within a few minutes. The DTG has been a global success, and today, 40,000 colleagues visit the DTG website every year. The website displays the treatment guidelines developed by the International Association of Dental Traumatology as well as visualized with film animations to make it easy and appealing for the users. The dentist can connect to the DTG Copenhagen database to compare his/her case with similar cases from the database, providing guidance to emergency treatment. Furthermore, DTG provides prognosis estimates for each individual injury type, as well as prognosis estimates for teeth with combinations of fracture and luxation injuries. Today, the DTG is a nonprofit organization with the aim of improving the level of care for dental trauma patients worldwide. Therefore, the DTG team has decided to offer free access for students at all dental schools in India.
{"title":"The Dental Trauma Guide: An evidence-based treatment guide","authors":"E. Lauridsen, L. Andersson, Nandini Suresh","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_46_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_46_23","url":null,"abstract":"Dental trauma is complex, as it includes a wide range of different injury types with each type requiring specific considerations. It constitutes the fifth-most prevalent disease, and nearly 900 million individuals from 7 to 65 years of age are affected. The Dental Trauma Guide (DTG) project was initiated by Dr. Jens Andreasen in 2008 with the intention that all dentists around the world should be able to get access to the best available evidence regarding diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for a patient with dental trauma within a few minutes. The DTG has been a global success, and today, 40,000 colleagues visit the DTG website every year. The website displays the treatment guidelines developed by the International Association of Dental Traumatology as well as visualized with film animations to make it easy and appealing for the users. The dentist can connect to the DTG Copenhagen database to compare his/her case with similar cases from the database, providing guidance to emergency treatment. Furthermore, DTG provides prognosis estimates for each individual injury type, as well as prognosis estimates for teeth with combinations of fracture and luxation injuries. Today, the DTG is a nonprofit organization with the aim of improving the level of care for dental trauma patients worldwide. Therefore, the DTG team has decided to offer free access for students at all dental schools in India.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"35 1","pages":"79 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47103924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_125_22
Shreya Shivangi, Rahul D. Rao, Ashish K. Jain, Meenakshi R. Verma, A. Guha, D. Langade
Aim: Postoperative pain can be caused due to apical extrusion of debris following chemomechanical preparation. This study aimed to compare mechanized reciprocating stainless steel files and continuous rotary instrumentation with laser irradiation for postoperative pain in nonvital teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis. Methods: Ninety (n = 30) subjects were enrolled after obtaining written consent. In Group 1, continuous rotary instrumentation using Endostar E3 Azure files without laser irradiation, in Group 2, continuous rotary instrumentation using Endostar E3 Azure files with laser irradiation, and in Group 3, mechanized reciprocating instrumentation using K-Flex hand files in K-400 Reciprocating handpiece along with laser irradiation was carried out. Postoperative pain was recorded using Visual Analog Scale at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 h. Subjects requiring rescue medications were recorded. Kruskal–Wallis and Post hoc Tukey's test for intergroup group and pairwise comparison, respectively, and the Chi-square test for comparison of rescue medication were used. Results: The reduction in pain scores was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05, confidence interval 95%) in all three groups at all-time points. The order of maximum pain reduction was found to be most in Group 2, followed by Group 3 and Group 1. Nine, three, and six subjects required rescue medication in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusion: Mechanized reciprocating handpiece instrumentation using K-flex files as well as continuous rotary instrumentation using NiTi rotary files along with laser therapy resulted in significantly lesser postoperative pain levels than with continuous rotation alone.
目的：术后疼痛可能是由于化学机械准备后碎片的顶端挤压引起的。本研究旨在比较机械化往复式不锈钢锉和连续旋转器械与激光照射治疗症状性根尖周炎的非致命牙齿术后疼痛。方法：90名（n=30）受试者在获得书面同意后入组。在第1组中，在没有激光照射的情况下使用Endostar E3 Azure锉的连续旋转仪器，在第2组中，使用有激光照射的Endostar E3Azure锉的持续旋转仪器，以及在第3组中，随着激光照射，在K-400往复式机头中使用K-Flex手动锉的机械化往复式仪器。在基线、24、48和72小时使用视觉模拟量表记录术后疼痛。记录需要抢救药物的受试者。分别使用Kruskal–Wallis和Post hoc Tukey检验进行组间和配对比较，并使用卡方检验进行救援药物的比较。结果：在所有三组中，疼痛评分的降低在历史点上都具有统计学意义（P<0.05，置信区间95%）。最大疼痛减轻的顺序在第2组中最多，其次是第3组和第1组。第1组、第2组和第3组分别有9名、3名和6名受试者需要抢救药物。结论：使用K-flex锉的机械化往复式手持器械以及使用NiTi旋转锉的连续旋转器械与激光治疗相比，术后疼痛程度显著降低。
{"title":"Comparison of postoperative pain using two instrumentation techniques followed by laser irradiation in nonvital teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis: A double-blind randomized controlled trial","authors":"Shreya Shivangi, Rahul D. Rao, Ashish K. Jain, Meenakshi R. Verma, A. Guha, D. Langade","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_125_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_125_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Postoperative pain can be caused due to apical extrusion of debris following chemomechanical preparation. This study aimed to compare mechanized reciprocating stainless steel files and continuous rotary instrumentation with laser irradiation for postoperative pain in nonvital teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis. Methods: Ninety (n = 30) subjects were enrolled after obtaining written consent. In Group 1, continuous rotary instrumentation using Endostar E3 Azure files without laser irradiation, in Group 2, continuous rotary instrumentation using Endostar E3 Azure files with laser irradiation, and in Group 3, mechanized reciprocating instrumentation using K-Flex hand files in K-400 Reciprocating handpiece along with laser irradiation was carried out. Postoperative pain was recorded using Visual Analog Scale at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 h. Subjects requiring rescue medications were recorded. Kruskal–Wallis and Post hoc Tukey's test for intergroup group and pairwise comparison, respectively, and the Chi-square test for comparison of rescue medication were used. Results: The reduction in pain scores was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05, confidence interval 95%) in all three groups at all-time points. The order of maximum pain reduction was found to be most in Group 2, followed by Group 3 and Group 1. Nine, three, and six subjects required rescue medication in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusion: Mechanized reciprocating handpiece instrumentation using K-flex files as well as continuous rotary instrumentation using NiTi rotary files along with laser therapy resulted in significantly lesser postoperative pain levels than with continuous rotation alone.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"35 1","pages":"124 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45725103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_167_22
Anshuman Shetty, Shivprasad Rai, S. Sudhakar
Aim: The aim was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of herbal extracts of Origanum vulgare (Oregano) and Vaccinium (Cranberry) for disinfection of gutta-percha (GP) and their effects on surface of GP. Methods: A total of 84 GP points were divided into three groups. Group A (36 cones) was artificially contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Group B (36 cones) by Enterococcus faecalis (EF), and Group C (12 cones) by both the organisms each. After the contamination of all the groups, all the points in Groups A and B were divided into three groups of 12 each and were disinfected by four different concentrations of Origanum vulgare and Vaccinium extracts, contaminated but not disinfected and was used as control. The Group C GP points were all disinfected by 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). All the disinfected and the control group samples were then incubated to detect bacterial growth. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined for all the groups of O. vulgare and Vaccinium at all the concentrations. P < 0.05. Results: The present study showed a significantly higher bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity with O. vulgare extract followed by NaOCl as compared to Vaccinium extract against SA and EF. Furthermore, higher surface alterations were seen on GP disinfected with NaOCl and the least with O. vulgare. Conclusion: Considering the amount of surface changes caused by NaOCl on GP when used as a disinfecting solution, O. vulgare extract is a suitable herbal substitute for the same which shows comparatively much lesser topographic changes.
{"title":"Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of herbal extracts and their effect on the surface characteristics of gutta-percha cones: An in vitro study","authors":"Anshuman Shetty, Shivprasad Rai, S. Sudhakar","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_167_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_167_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of herbal extracts of Origanum vulgare (Oregano) and Vaccinium (Cranberry) for disinfection of gutta-percha (GP) and their effects on surface of GP. Methods: A total of 84 GP points were divided into three groups. Group A (36 cones) was artificially contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Group B (36 cones) by Enterococcus faecalis (EF), and Group C (12 cones) by both the organisms each. After the contamination of all the groups, all the points in Groups A and B were divided into three groups of 12 each and were disinfected by four different concentrations of Origanum vulgare and Vaccinium extracts, contaminated but not disinfected and was used as control. The Group C GP points were all disinfected by 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). All the disinfected and the control group samples were then incubated to detect bacterial growth. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined for all the groups of O. vulgare and Vaccinium at all the concentrations. P < 0.05. Results: The present study showed a significantly higher bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity with O. vulgare extract followed by NaOCl as compared to Vaccinium extract against SA and EF. Furthermore, higher surface alterations were seen on GP disinfected with NaOCl and the least with O. vulgare. Conclusion: Considering the amount of surface changes caused by NaOCl on GP when used as a disinfecting solution, O. vulgare extract is a suitable herbal substitute for the same which shows comparatively much lesser topographic changes.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"35 1","pages":"142 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41809207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_259_22
K. Bingham, J. Gutmann
The so-called endodontic-periodontic lesion or relationship has been a clinical concept that has mystified the dental profession for decades as it relates to accurate, precise diagnoses. It is a typical chicken-before-the-egg type of dilemma imbued with unknowns as to the etiology, interrelationships, and correct procedural management. Attempts have been made over the last 100 years to classify this relationship, with all efforts falling short of ideal in various respects. This article will attempt to provide historical relevance, scientific validity, and some clinical perspectives to this dilemma, including reflections that are encountered daily in contemporary dental practice.
{"title":"Historical and contemporary reflections on evolutionary concepts that challenge the classification of endo-perio lesions","authors":"K. Bingham, J. Gutmann","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_259_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_259_22","url":null,"abstract":"The so-called endodontic-periodontic lesion or relationship has been a clinical concept that has mystified the dental profession for decades as it relates to accurate, precise diagnoses. It is a typical chicken-before-the-egg type of dilemma imbued with unknowns as to the etiology, interrelationships, and correct procedural management. Attempts have been made over the last 100 years to classify this relationship, with all efforts falling short of ideal in various respects. This article will attempt to provide historical relevance, scientific validity, and some clinical perspectives to this dilemma, including reflections that are encountered daily in contemporary dental practice.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":"35 1","pages":"3 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47767898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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