Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_189_22
Aruna Kumari Veronica, Shamini Sai, Anand V Susila
ABSTRACT Aim: The purpose of this survey is to gain insight into the choice of endodontic posts and failure mode of different types of posts and their management by the dentist. Material and Methods: Dentists have a wide range of options for the use of endodontic posts, so they should know the preferred post, the failure mode for a different type of post, and its management in case of failure, so questionnaire was prepared based on this. Survey was done among general dentists, endodontists and prosthodontists, through Google Sheets, SurveyMonkey, and manually. 230 dentists (156-general; 45-endodontists; 29-Prosthodontists) participated in this survey. Results: FRC post is preferred post in anteriors among general dentists, endodontists and prosthodontists. The most preferred post in posteriors among endodontists is FRC(49%), prosthodontists is cast post, among general dentists it is cast post and metal posts(36% each). Selection criteria among all the groups are requirement for esthetic crown. Managing endodontic failure among 54% of general dentists, 56% of endodontists and 66% of prosthodontists is post retrieval using ultrasonics followed by retreatment. Fracture of teeth is the predominant reason among all the groups for failure of post retained crown. The management of FRC post failure among endodontists and prosthodontists were ultrasonic retrieval. Commonest failure for FRC post among general dentists and endodontists is post dislodgement wheras among prosthodontists is tooth fracture. Conclusion: Prosthetic rehabilitation of root canal-treated teeth is the ultimate goal of endodontics. Correct knowledge ensures the right attitude in selecting the best post for core retention in endodontically treated teeth.
{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, practice and perception survey on post and core restorations","authors":"Aruna Kumari Veronica, Shamini Sai, Anand V Susila","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_189_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_189_22","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aim: The purpose of this survey is to gain insight into the choice of endodontic posts and failure mode of different types of posts and their management by the dentist. Material and Methods: Dentists have a wide range of options for the use of endodontic posts, so they should know the preferred post, the failure mode for a different type of post, and its management in case of failure, so questionnaire was prepared based on this. Survey was done among general dentists, endodontists and prosthodontists, through Google Sheets, SurveyMonkey, and manually. 230 dentists (156-general; 45-endodontists; 29-Prosthodontists) participated in this survey. Results: FRC post is preferred post in anteriors among general dentists, endodontists and prosthodontists. The most preferred post in posteriors among endodontists is FRC(49%), prosthodontists is cast post, among general dentists it is cast post and metal posts(36% each). Selection criteria among all the groups are requirement for esthetic crown. Managing endodontic failure among 54% of general dentists, 56% of endodontists and 66% of prosthodontists is post retrieval using ultrasonics followed by retreatment. Fracture of teeth is the predominant reason among all the groups for failure of post retained crown. The management of FRC post failure among endodontists and prosthodontists were ultrasonic retrieval. Commonest failure for FRC post among general dentists and endodontists is post dislodgement wheras among prosthodontists is tooth fracture. Conclusion: Prosthetic rehabilitation of root canal-treated teeth is the ultimate goal of endodontics. Correct knowledge ensures the right attitude in selecting the best post for core retention in endodontically treated teeth.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135845066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_230_21
N. Jain, S. Nagaraja, S. Mathew, Bhawna Jethani, Mohini Kumari, Sharanya Nambiar, Soumya Sasank
Aim: This study aimed to compare the surface roughness of two rotary nickel–titanium instrument systems before and after clinical use using atomic force microscope (AFM). Methods: Sixteen instruments of two rotary nickel–titanium systems were used in this study. Eight MTwo (VDW, Munich, Germany) instruments and eight Neoendo flex rotary files (Orikam Healthcare, India) were evaluated. New and the used rotary files of the two experimental groups were evaluated. Instruments were analyzed on a point at a 5-mm section from the tip of the instrument. Quantitative measurements according to the topographical deviations were recorded. The data were statistically analyzed with paired t-test and independent samples t-test. Results: The mean root mean square (RMS) values for new and used MTwo 25.06 files were 1.23 ± 0.176 nm and 1.58 ± 0.284 nm, respectively, and the difference between them was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean RMS values for new and used NeoEndo Flex Files 25.06 were 0.96 ± 0.34 nm and 1.76 ± 0.414 nm, respectively; the difference between them also was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the AFM analysis, the instruments underwent surface deterioration after clinical use and MTwo had better surface quality than NeoEndo Flex Files.
{"title":"Evaluation of the surface characteristics of nickel–titanium rotary instruments after clinical use: An atomic force microscope study","authors":"N. Jain, S. Nagaraja, S. Mathew, Bhawna Jethani, Mohini Kumari, Sharanya Nambiar, Soumya Sasank","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_230_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_230_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed to compare the surface roughness of two rotary nickel–titanium instrument systems before and after clinical use using atomic force microscope (AFM). Methods: Sixteen instruments of two rotary nickel–titanium systems were used in this study. Eight MTwo (VDW, Munich, Germany) instruments and eight Neoendo flex rotary files (Orikam Healthcare, India) were evaluated. New and the used rotary files of the two experimental groups were evaluated. Instruments were analyzed on a point at a 5-mm section from the tip of the instrument. Quantitative measurements according to the topographical deviations were recorded. The data were statistically analyzed with paired t-test and independent samples t-test. Results: The mean root mean square (RMS) values for new and used MTwo 25.06 files were 1.23 ± 0.176 nm and 1.58 ± 0.284 nm, respectively, and the difference between them was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean RMS values for new and used NeoEndo Flex Files 25.06 were 0.96 ± 0.34 nm and 1.76 ± 0.414 nm, respectively; the difference between them also was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the AFM analysis, the instruments underwent surface deterioration after clinical use and MTwo had better surface quality than NeoEndo Flex Files.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41756994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saurabh Sudesh Chodankar, P Ashwini, N Meena, Vishwas Gowda, Nikitha D’souza
ABSTRACT Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the effectiveness of three different irrigation activation systems in removing smear layer in single-rooted mandibular premolars using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Materials and Methods: Fifty-six extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were included in the study (n = 56). The teeth were decoronated, working length was determined, and canals were prepared till #30/0.09, with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and saline as working solution. Final irrigation was performed with 5 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution using three different activation systems. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups: Group A (control group) – conventional syringe irrigation with 30-G single side-vented needle; Group B (passive ultrasonic irrigation [PUI] method) – PUI with #20 Irrisafe ultrasonic files activated for 1 min; Group C (sonic activation) – EndoActivator system using the yellow tip (#20/0.04) activated for 1 min; and Group D – Tornado Disinfection Kit using GF Brush for 20–30 s as per the manufacturer’s instructions. The samples were sectioned and subjected to SEM at × 2500 magnification. The efficacy of smear layer removal was assessed and scored by two operators. The collected data were analyzed statistically using Chi-square test ( P < 0.05). Results: There was no statistically significant difference observed between the three different activation groups and the control group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: PUI performed better than all the study groups in removing smear layer from coronal, middle, and apical third of root canals. EndoActivator and Tornado Disinfection Kit performed similar in coronal and middle third, but the efficacy in apical third was inferior to the PUI group.
{"title":"Assessment of smear layer removing efficacy of different irrigation activation devices in mandibular premolar teeth using a scanning electron microscope: An in vitro comparative study","authors":"Saurabh Sudesh Chodankar, P Ashwini, N Meena, Vishwas Gowda, Nikitha D’souza","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_98_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_98_22","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the effectiveness of three different irrigation activation systems in removing smear layer in single-rooted mandibular premolars using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Materials and Methods: Fifty-six extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were included in the study (n = 56). The teeth were decoronated, working length was determined, and canals were prepared till #30/0.09, with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and saline as working solution. Final irrigation was performed with 5 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution using three different activation systems. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups: Group A (control group) – conventional syringe irrigation with 30-G single side-vented needle; Group B (passive ultrasonic irrigation [PUI] method) – PUI with #20 Irrisafe ultrasonic files activated for 1 min; Group C (sonic activation) – EndoActivator system using the yellow tip (#20/0.04) activated for 1 min; and Group D – Tornado Disinfection Kit using GF Brush for 20–30 s as per the manufacturer’s instructions. The samples were sectioned and subjected to SEM at × 2500 magnification. The efficacy of smear layer removal was assessed and scored by two operators. The collected data were analyzed statistically using Chi-square test ( P < 0.05). Results: There was no statistically significant difference observed between the three different activation groups and the control group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: PUI performed better than all the study groups in removing smear layer from coronal, middle, and apical third of root canals. EndoActivator and Tornado Disinfection Kit performed similar in coronal and middle third, but the efficacy in apical third was inferior to the PUI group.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135845053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Sajjan, K. Prasad Naik, K. Varma, Sai Durga Indukuri, Atchyut Gajja, B. Sindhuja
Aim: The quality of obturation with recent capillary condensation technique and hybrid technique in teeth with artificial internal resorption cavity needs to be evaluated. Methods: Calculation of sample size was done with G*Power software (version 3.1.9.4) (effect size d = 1.46). Eighteen single-canal mandibular premolars were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction for standardization of specimen length as 12 mm. Biomechanical preparation was done with ProTaper Universal rotary file up to F4. Internal resorption cavity was prepared with #08 size round bur 6 mm from the apex. Samples were distributed randomly into two groups. Group I: teeth with bioceramic sealer (EndoSequence BC Sealer, Brasseler, USA) application using conventional technique and hybrid technique of obturation. Group II: capillary condensation technique of bioceramic sealer (EndoSequence BC Sealer, Brasseler USA) using single-cone gutta-percha obturation. The voids in three segments of the root canal were measured with cone-beam computed tomography using “OnDemand3D App” software. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparisons of Tukey honestly significant difference tests with P < 0.05. Results: The mean area of the void was 0.3963 ± 0.3299 mm2 for Group I and 0.4022 ± 0.4101 mm2 for Group II. There was a difference in the number of voids present in different sections of the root within a group with significance but not between the groups. Conclusion: Capillary condensation technique with single-cone obturation is comparable to conventional sealer application and hybrid technique of obturation for filling internal resorption cavity.
目的：对近期应用毛细管冷凝技术和混合技术充填人工内吸收腔的牙齿的质量进行评价。方法：使用G*Power软件（3.1.9.4版）计算样本量（效果尺寸d=1.46）。18颗下颌前磨牙在牙骨质层连接处进行去骨处理，将样本长度标准化为12mm。使用ProTaper万能旋转锉进行生物力学准备，直至F4。内部吸收腔是用#08尺寸的圆形钻从顶端6mm处制备的。将样本随机分为两组。第一组：使用生物陶瓷密封剂（EndoSequence BC sealer，Brasseler，USA）的牙齿，使用传统技术和混合充填技术。第二组：生物陶瓷密封剂（EndoSequence BC sealer，Brasseler USA）的毛细管冷凝技术，使用单锥牙胶封闭。使用“OnDemand3DApp”软件通过锥形束计算机断层扫描测量根管三段的空隙。通过单因素方差分析（ANOVA）和Tukey诚实显著性差异检验的多重比较对数据进行统计学分析，P<0.05。结果：第一组的平均空隙面积为0.3963±0.3299 mm2，第二组为0.4022±0.4101 mm2。在一组内，根的不同部分存在的空隙数量存在差异，具有显著性，但在各组之间没有差异。结论：单锥封闭的毛细管冷凝技术可与传统封闭器和混合封闭技术相媲美。
{"title":"In vitro evaluation of the quality of obturation with capillary condensation technique and hybrid technique in teeth with simulated internal resorption cavity: A cone-beam computed tomography study","authors":"G. Sajjan, K. Prasad Naik, K. Varma, Sai Durga Indukuri, Atchyut Gajja, B. Sindhuja","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_79_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_79_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The quality of obturation with recent capillary condensation technique and hybrid technique in teeth with artificial internal resorption cavity needs to be evaluated. Methods: Calculation of sample size was done with G*Power software (version 3.1.9.4) (effect size d = 1.46). Eighteen single-canal mandibular premolars were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction for standardization of specimen length as 12 mm. Biomechanical preparation was done with ProTaper Universal rotary file up to F4. Internal resorption cavity was prepared with #08 size round bur 6 mm from the apex. Samples were distributed randomly into two groups. Group I: teeth with bioceramic sealer (EndoSequence BC Sealer, Brasseler, USA) application using conventional technique and hybrid technique of obturation. Group II: capillary condensation technique of bioceramic sealer (EndoSequence BC Sealer, Brasseler USA) using single-cone gutta-percha obturation. The voids in three segments of the root canal were measured with cone-beam computed tomography using “OnDemand3D App” software. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparisons of Tukey honestly significant difference tests with P < 0.05. Results: The mean area of the void was 0.3963 ± 0.3299 mm2 for Group I and 0.4022 ± 0.4101 mm2 for Group II. There was a difference in the number of voids present in different sections of the root within a group with significance but not between the groups. Conclusion: Capillary condensation technique with single-cone obturation is comparable to conventional sealer application and hybrid technique of obturation for filling internal resorption cavity.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44459493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_160_21
Ajay Singh Rao, Shreya Bhor, Unnati Shah
ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of XP-endo Finisher and passive ultrasonic (PU) activation on dentinal tubule penetration of irrigation solution: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted single-rooted human mandibular canines and premolars were instrumented up to size 40/06 taper and randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 20) based on the activation technique of final irrigation solution into Group A: PU activation and Group B: XP-endo Finisher activation. In each group, 5 ml of 5% NaOCl labeled with fluorescent dye was used during activation as the final irrigation solution. Specimens were sectioned at 2, 5, and 8 mm from the apex and examined under confocal microscope to calculate the dentinal tubule penetration area. Data were analyzed using Tukey’s post hoc tests ( P = 0.05). Results: PU activation exhibited a significantly higher penetration area than XP-endo Finisher activation ( P < 0.05). In addition, at coronal, middle, and apical thirds, all regions of PU activation had significantly higher penetration than XP-endo Finisher activation. Statistically significant differences were found between each root canal third (coronal > middle > apical) ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: The PU activation is more effective than XP-endo Finisher in terms of irrigant penetration into the dentinal tubules.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of XP-endo Finisher and passive ultrasonic activation on dentinal tubule penetration of irrigation solution: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study","authors":"Ajay Singh Rao, Shreya Bhor, Unnati Shah","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_160_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_160_21","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of XP-endo Finisher and passive ultrasonic (PU) activation on dentinal tubule penetration of irrigation solution: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted single-rooted human mandibular canines and premolars were instrumented up to size 40/06 taper and randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 20) based on the activation technique of final irrigation solution into Group A: PU activation and Group B: XP-endo Finisher activation. In each group, 5 ml of 5% NaOCl labeled with fluorescent dye was used during activation as the final irrigation solution. Specimens were sectioned at 2, 5, and 8 mm from the apex and examined under confocal microscope to calculate the dentinal tubule penetration area. Data were analyzed using Tukey’s post hoc tests ( P = 0.05). Results: PU activation exhibited a significantly higher penetration area than XP-endo Finisher activation ( P < 0.05). In addition, at coronal, middle, and apical thirds, all regions of PU activation had significantly higher penetration than XP-endo Finisher activation. Statistically significant differences were found between each root canal third (coronal > middle > apical) ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: The PU activation is more effective than XP-endo Finisher in terms of irrigant penetration into the dentinal tubules.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_237_22
Thati Jyotsnanjali, M. A. Ranjini, G. R. Krishna Kumar, D. V. Swapna, S. N. Joshi, Roopa R. Nadig
ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the chelating effect of chitosan as intracanal lubricant and an irrigant on smear layer removal. Objective: The objective of the study is to compare the effectiveness of smear layer removal with chitosan gel and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) gel as an intracanal lubricant and to evaluate the cumulative outcome of chitosan gel and final rinse on smear layer removal compared to EDTA gel and solution. Materials and Methods: Forty single-rooted extracted human premolars were decoronated to a standard length. Cleaning and shaping were carried out using Mtwo rotary instrument and 3% sodium hypochlorite irrigant. Prepared specimens were divided into four equal groups (n = 10). In first two groups, 17% EDTA gel lubricant was used during instrumentation and final rinsing was carried out with 2 ml saline in one group and 2 ml 17% EDTA solution for 1 min in the other. In other two groups, 0.2% chitosan gel was used as lubricant, and final rinsing was carried out with 2 ml saline in one group and 2 ml 0.2% chitosan solution for 3 min in the other group. All the samples were then longitudinally sectioned which were then evaluated under scanning electron microscope for smear layer removal in three levels, i.e., cervical, middle, and apical third. Statistical Analysis Used: Comparison of mean smear layer scores in the coronal middle and apical thirds of the root canals between four study groups was done using Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Mann–Whitney Post hoc analysis for intergroup comparison with P < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: In coronal, middle, and apical third sections of root canal, EDTA combination and chitosan combination groups demonstrated statistically significant smear layer removal compared to EDTA gel alone and chitosan gel alone groups. Among the gel groups, chitosan gel has shown a significant smear layer removal ability than EDTA gel. Conclusions: 0.2% chitosan gel lubricant and final rinse solution combination showed comparable smear layer removal as that of 17% EDTA gel lubricant and final rinse. While 0.2% chitosan gel lubricant with saline final rinse showed similar smear layer removal ability like 17% EDTA gel with saline final rinse in coronal and middle third, it performed better than EDTA gel in the crucial apical one-third of root canal.
摘要目的:评价壳聚糖作为肛管内润滑剂和冲洗剂对去除脏污层的螯合作用。目的:比较壳聚糖凝胶和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)凝胶作为肛管内润滑剂去除脏污层的效果，并评价壳聚糖凝胶和最终冲洗与EDTA凝胶和溶液相比对脏污层去除的累积效果。材料与方法:将40颗拔除的单根人前磨牙装饰成标准长度。采用Mtwo旋转仪和3%次氯酸钠冲洗进行清洗定型。将制备好的标本平均分为4组(n = 10)。前两组在仪器过程中使用17% EDTA凝胶润滑剂，一组用2ml生理盐水冲洗，另一组用2ml 17% EDTA溶液冲洗1分钟。另外两组以0.2%壳聚糖凝胶作为润滑剂，最后用2 ml生理盐水和2 ml 0.2%壳聚糖溶液冲洗3 min。然后对所有样本进行纵向切片，然后在扫描电镜下评估三个层次的涂片层去除，即宫颈，中部和根尖三分之一。统计学分析方法:采用Kruskal-Wallis检验比较4个研究组间根管冠状、中、根尖三分之一的平均涂片层评分，采用P <进行组间比较的Mann-Whitney Post hoc分析;0.05为有统计学意义。结果:EDTA联合组和壳聚糖联合组在冠状、中、根尖三段根管的涂片层去除效果较EDTA凝胶单独组和壳聚糖凝胶单独组有统计学意义。在凝胶组中，壳聚糖凝胶比EDTA凝胶表现出显著的去除涂抹层的能力。结论:0.2%壳聚糖凝胶润滑剂和末洗液组合去除涂抹层的效果与17% EDTA凝胶润滑剂和末洗液的效果相当。0.2%壳聚糖凝胶润滑油加生理盐水末冲洗在冠状和中三分之一的涂抹层去除能力与17% EDTA凝胶加生理盐水末冲洗的涂抹层去除能力相似，但在关键的根管根尖三分之一的涂抹层去除效果优于EDTA凝胶。
{"title":"Evaluation of chelating effect of chitosan as intracanal lubricant and an irrigant on smear layer removal – An in-vitro scanning electron microscope study","authors":"Thati Jyotsnanjali, M. A. Ranjini, G. R. Krishna Kumar, D. V. Swapna, S. N. Joshi, Roopa R. Nadig","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_237_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_237_22","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the chelating effect of chitosan as intracanal lubricant and an irrigant on smear layer removal. Objective: The objective of the study is to compare the effectiveness of smear layer removal with chitosan gel and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) gel as an intracanal lubricant and to evaluate the cumulative outcome of chitosan gel and final rinse on smear layer removal compared to EDTA gel and solution. Materials and Methods: Forty single-rooted extracted human premolars were decoronated to a standard length. Cleaning and shaping were carried out using Mtwo rotary instrument and 3% sodium hypochlorite irrigant. Prepared specimens were divided into four equal groups (n = 10). In first two groups, 17% EDTA gel lubricant was used during instrumentation and final rinsing was carried out with 2 ml saline in one group and 2 ml 17% EDTA solution for 1 min in the other. In other two groups, 0.2% chitosan gel was used as lubricant, and final rinsing was carried out with 2 ml saline in one group and 2 ml 0.2% chitosan solution for 3 min in the other group. All the samples were then longitudinally sectioned which were then evaluated under scanning electron microscope for smear layer removal in three levels, i.e., cervical, middle, and apical third. Statistical Analysis Used: Comparison of mean smear layer scores in the coronal middle and apical thirds of the root canals between four study groups was done using Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Mann–Whitney Post hoc analysis for intergroup comparison with P < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: In coronal, middle, and apical third sections of root canal, EDTA combination and chitosan combination groups demonstrated statistically significant smear layer removal compared to EDTA gel alone and chitosan gel alone groups. Among the gel groups, chitosan gel has shown a significant smear layer removal ability than EDTA gel. Conclusions: 0.2% chitosan gel lubricant and final rinse solution combination showed comparable smear layer removal as that of 17% EDTA gel lubricant and final rinse. While 0.2% chitosan gel lubricant with saline final rinse showed similar smear layer removal ability like 17% EDTA gel with saline final rinse in coronal and middle third, it performed better than EDTA gel in the crucial apical one-third of root canal.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swapnika Gudapati, R. Satish, G. Sajjan, K. Varma, V. Kumar, M. Kumar
Aim: This in vitro study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of simulated immature permanent teeth restored with apical plugs of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and bone cement. Methods: Forty-eight single-rooted human maxillary central incisors were selected and decoronated 6 mm above and 9 mm below the cementoenamel junction to simulate the immature teeth. Based on weight and homogeneity, the samples were distributed into three experimental groups (n = 12) and one control group (n = 12). In all the experimental group samples, a peeso reamer size 5 was stepped out 1 mm beyond the apex to enlarge the apices to a diameter of 1.5 mm. Apical plugs of MTA Plus (Prevest DenPro Limited, India), Biodentine (Septodont, France), and Bone cement (Surgical Simplex P, Stryker, Australia) were placed to 4 mm, and obturation was done using gutta-percha and AH Plus® sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany). The force was applied at 45° angulation until fracture, using the universal testing machine. The results were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test at a 95% confidence level. Results: The Biodentine group showed a statistically higher fracture resistance value than the MTA Plus and bone cement group (P = 0.014 and P = 0.016, respectively). No statistically significant difference was reported between MTA Plus and the bone cement group. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, using Biodentine as an apical plug increases the fracture resistance of immature teeth. Bone cement can be used as a viable alternative to MTA.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth restored with apical plugs of mineral trioxide aggregate, Biodentine, and bone cement: An in vitro study","authors":"Swapnika Gudapati, R. Satish, G. Sajjan, K. Varma, V. Kumar, M. Kumar","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_21_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_21_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This in vitro study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of simulated immature permanent teeth restored with apical plugs of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and bone cement. Methods: Forty-eight single-rooted human maxillary central incisors were selected and decoronated 6 mm above and 9 mm below the cementoenamel junction to simulate the immature teeth. Based on weight and homogeneity, the samples were distributed into three experimental groups (n = 12) and one control group (n = 12). In all the experimental group samples, a peeso reamer size 5 was stepped out 1 mm beyond the apex to enlarge the apices to a diameter of 1.5 mm. Apical plugs of MTA Plus (Prevest DenPro Limited, India), Biodentine (Septodont, France), and Bone cement (Surgical Simplex P, Stryker, Australia) were placed to 4 mm, and obturation was done using gutta-percha and AH Plus® sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany). The force was applied at 45° angulation until fracture, using the universal testing machine. The results were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test at a 95% confidence level. Results: The Biodentine group showed a statistically higher fracture resistance value than the MTA Plus and bone cement group (P = 0.014 and P = 0.016, respectively). No statistically significant difference was reported between MTA Plus and the bone cement group. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, using Biodentine as an apical plug increases the fracture resistance of immature teeth. Bone cement can be used as a viable alternative to MTA.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42415550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the angulation of the apical exit from radiographic apex of palatal root of maxillary first molar, to measure the distance between radiographic apex and apical exit of palatal root of maxillary first molar and to measure the distance of apical exit of palatal root of maxillary first molar from maxillary sinus floor. Materials and Methods: A total of 118 untreated, well-developed maxillary first molars were selected on cone-beam computed tomography scans. Data were collected and viewed by invivo5 software. Descriptive statistical analysis was given as mean value. Results: Radiographic apex and apical exit did not coincide in the large number of samples. The palatal root of maxillary first molar was found to be in direct contact with the floor of maxillary sinus in maximum samples. Conclusion: Apical exit does not coincide with the radiographic apex in all the cases. The distance between radiographic apex and apical foramina or apical exit ranges from 0 to 1.43 mm. The apical exit or apical foramina are in direct contact with maxillary sinus floor in 75% cases.
{"title":"Analysis of apical third root canal morphology of the palatal root of maxillary first molar and its proximity to maxillary sinus: A cone-beam computed tomographic study","authors":"Shreya Gulati, Sanjyot A Mulay, Vaibhavi Raut, Swapnil Bhosale, Aishwarya Srinivasan, Mahesh Chavan","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_196_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_196_22","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the angulation of the apical exit from radiographic apex of palatal root of maxillary first molar, to measure the distance between radiographic apex and apical exit of palatal root of maxillary first molar and to measure the distance of apical exit of palatal root of maxillary first molar from maxillary sinus floor. Materials and Methods: A total of 118 untreated, well-developed maxillary first molars were selected on cone-beam computed tomography scans. Data were collected and viewed by invivo5 software. Descriptive statistical analysis was given as mean value. Results: Radiographic apex and apical exit did not coincide in the large number of samples. The palatal root of maxillary first molar was found to be in direct contact with the floor of maxillary sinus in maximum samples. Conclusion: Apical exit does not coincide with the radiographic apex in all the cases. The distance between radiographic apex and apical foramina or apical exit ranges from 0 to 1.43 mm. The apical exit or apical foramina are in direct contact with maxillary sinus floor in 75% cases.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_146_22
Garikina Manasa, M. Manoj Kumar, S. Nallanchakrava, G. Sri Bala, K. Rao
Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficiency of Triphala, Neem, the combination of Triphala, Neem and 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) in the removal of smear layer (SL) evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and antimicrobial efficacy against standard culture strains of Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: Seventy-five extracted human permanent teeth were divided into Group I control and Group II experimental, which was further subdivided into Group IIA, IIB, IIC, IID with 3% NaOCI, 5% Triphala extract, 7.5% Neem extract, and alternate use of Triphala and Neem and extracts as irrigants, respectively. The microbial sample was streaked on the agar plates to check colony-forming units/ml (CFU's) after inoculation and incubation at pre- and postirrigation. Teeth that were instrumented, and irrigated were split longitudinally, and examined using SEM under ×400, ×1000 to determine the debris and SL. Results: Statistically significant reduction of CFU's was noted at postirrigation in Sub Group IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID with a mean rank of 31.77, 46.7, 34.53, and 9, respectively. SL removal was significant (P = 0.001), with Group IID exhibiting a lower mean rank, followed by B, C, A, and Group I. Conclusion: The antimicrobial effect and SL removal efficacy were maximum for Group IID, which can be considered an effective herbal alternative in endodontic therapies.
{"title":"Evaluation of smear layer removal and antimicrobial efficacy of intracanal herbal irrigants","authors":"Garikina Manasa, M. Manoj Kumar, S. Nallanchakrava, G. Sri Bala, K. Rao","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_146_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_146_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficiency of Triphala, Neem, the combination of Triphala, Neem and 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) in the removal of smear layer (SL) evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and antimicrobial efficacy against standard culture strains of Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: Seventy-five extracted human permanent teeth were divided into Group I control and Group II experimental, which was further subdivided into Group IIA, IIB, IIC, IID with 3% NaOCI, 5% Triphala extract, 7.5% Neem extract, and alternate use of Triphala and Neem and extracts as irrigants, respectively. The microbial sample was streaked on the agar plates to check colony-forming units/ml (CFU's) after inoculation and incubation at pre- and postirrigation. Teeth that were instrumented, and irrigated were split longitudinally, and examined using SEM under ×400, ×1000 to determine the debris and SL. Results: Statistically significant reduction of CFU's was noted at postirrigation in Sub Group IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID with a mean rank of 31.77, 46.7, 34.53, and 9, respectively. SL removal was significant (P = 0.001), with Group IID exhibiting a lower mean rank, followed by B, C, A, and Group I. Conclusion: The antimicrobial effect and SL removal efficacy were maximum for Group IID, which can be considered an effective herbal alternative in endodontic therapies.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45417614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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