Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_126_22
Sunheri Bajpe, Chitharanjan Shetty, A. Shetty, Gurmeen Kaur, S. Saji, C. Prabha
Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of 17% EDTA, 18% etidronic acid, and 0.2% chitosan nanoparticle solution in smear layer removal using SEM image analysis. Methods: Thirty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were used. After biomechanical preparation, the samples were divided into Group I (17% EDTA), Group II (18% etidronic acid), and Group III (0.2% chitosan nanoparticle solution) containing 10 samples each. Longitudinal sectioning of the samples was done. The samples were observed under SEM at apical, middle, and coronal levels. The images were scored according to the criteria by Hullsman. Statistical analysis was done, with the significance level set at P < 0.05, and performed with SPSS 16.0 statistical package for Windows. Results: Smear layer removal at coronal, middle, and apical thirds was more effective when final irrigation was performed using 0.2% chitosan solution, followed by 17% EDTA. At the apical third, all the irrigants showed poor smear layer removing property, but chitosan showed comparatively better results. Conclusion: 0.2% chitosan nanoparticle solution was more effective in removing the smear layer when compared to 17% EDTA and 18% etidronic acid irrigants.
{"title":"Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of smear layer removal using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, etidronic acid, and chitosan nanoparticle solution as root canal irrigants","authors":"Sunheri Bajpe, Chitharanjan Shetty, A. Shetty, Gurmeen Kaur, S. Saji, C. Prabha","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_126_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_126_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of 17% EDTA, 18% etidronic acid, and 0.2% chitosan nanoparticle solution in smear layer removal using SEM image analysis. Methods: Thirty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were used. After biomechanical preparation, the samples were divided into Group I (17% EDTA), Group II (18% etidronic acid), and Group III (0.2% chitosan nanoparticle solution) containing 10 samples each. Longitudinal sectioning of the samples was done. The samples were observed under SEM at apical, middle, and coronal levels. The images were scored according to the criteria by Hullsman. Statistical analysis was done, with the significance level set at P < 0.05, and performed with SPSS 16.0 statistical package for Windows. Results: Smear layer removal at coronal, middle, and apical thirds was more effective when final irrigation was performed using 0.2% chitosan solution, followed by 17% EDTA. At the apical third, all the irrigants showed poor smear layer removing property, but chitosan showed comparatively better results. Conclusion: 0.2% chitosan nanoparticle solution was more effective in removing the smear layer when compared to 17% EDTA and 18% etidronic acid irrigants.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70731345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_235_22
V. Aggarwal, M. Singla
In many of the scientific reports, the conclusions are based on the P values. The results are dichotomized based on the cutoff of P values. Often, the clinical significance is ignored over statistical significance. The sole dependence on P values can lead to erroneous conclusions. The confidence intervals in turn can provide more useful information. They provide applicability of the data in whole populations. This article provides insight into P values, the null hypothesis, and confidence intervals.
{"title":"Are P values given more importance than they deserve?","authors":"V. Aggarwal, M. Singla","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_235_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_235_22","url":null,"abstract":"In many of the scientific reports, the conclusions are based on the P values. The results are dichotomized based on the cutoff of P values. Often, the clinical significance is ignored over statistical significance. The sole dependence on P values can lead to erroneous conclusions. The confidence intervals in turn can provide more useful information. They provide applicability of the data in whole populations. This article provides insight into P values, the null hypothesis, and confidence intervals.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47290220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of 17% liquid ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), 10% citric acid, and 9% 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) on the microhardness of root canal dentin. Materials and Methods: Eighteen mandibular premolars which were freshly extracted were selected and randomly assigned to one of the three groups (n = 6). After decoronating, the teeth at the cementoenamel junction, specimens were prepared up to F3 (ProTaper Universal). After each instrument, irrigation was done with 3% sodium hypochlorite. Specimens were sectioned longitudinally to expose dentin surface and mounted on acrylic resin blocks. One half served as the test group and the other served as its control. The dentin was covered with test solutions throughout its length for 5 min. Group 1: 17% liquid EDTA, Group 2: 10% citric acid, and Group 3: 9% HEBP. Measurement of microhardness was done using Vickers indenter at 1000 μm, 1200 μm, 1400 μm from orifice of root canal and 100 μm from pulp-dentin junction, a load of 50 g for 15 s dwell time was applied. A mean of the three readings was used to calculate microhardness. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The mean microhardness of EDTA reduced from 52.28 VHN to 39.00 VHN, and that of citric acid reduced from 52.50 VHN to 47.30 VHN, whereas, HEBP showed least reduction, from 52.46 VHN to 50.52 VHN. Conclusion: A reduction in microhardness was evident on using all three chelating agents. However, HEBP caused the least reduction in microhardness and can be a potential chelating agent for use in endodontics.
{"title":"A comparative evaluation of the effect of various chelating agents on the microhardness of root canal dentin: An in vitro study","authors":"Mineet Kaul, Zinnie Nanda, Kranthikumar Reddy, Rahul Deore, Divya Mandlecha, Esha Jaiswal","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_227_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_227_22","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of 17% liquid ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), 10% citric acid, and 9% 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) on the microhardness of root canal dentin. Materials and Methods: Eighteen mandibular premolars which were freshly extracted were selected and randomly assigned to one of the three groups (n = 6). After decoronating, the teeth at the cementoenamel junction, specimens were prepared up to F3 (ProTaper Universal). After each instrument, irrigation was done with 3% sodium hypochlorite. Specimens were sectioned longitudinally to expose dentin surface and mounted on acrylic resin blocks. One half served as the test group and the other served as its control. The dentin was covered with test solutions throughout its length for 5 min. Group 1: 17% liquid EDTA, Group 2: 10% citric acid, and Group 3: 9% HEBP. Measurement of microhardness was done using Vickers indenter at 1000 μm, 1200 μm, 1400 μm from orifice of root canal and 100 μm from pulp-dentin junction, a load of 50 g for 15 s dwell time was applied. A mean of the three readings was used to calculate microhardness. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The mean microhardness of EDTA reduced from 52.28 VHN to 39.00 VHN, and that of citric acid reduced from 52.50 VHN to 47.30 VHN, whereas, HEBP showed least reduction, from 52.46 VHN to 50.52 VHN. Conclusion: A reduction in microhardness was evident on using all three chelating agents. However, HEBP caused the least reduction in microhardness and can be a potential chelating agent for use in endodontics.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soumyadeep Ghosh, Rajatha Shetty, S. Mathew, S. Nagaraja
Endodontic management of internal root resorption is challenging due to difficulty in debridement of the entire canal contents, disinfection, and control of the resorptive process. Often, there is no barrier to stop the repair material from being pushed into the periradicular tissues. In these case reports, we discuss the clinical management of internal root resorption, use of two forms of collagen used as a barrier material with mineral trioxide aggregate. – One-year follow-up of these cases reveals complete healing.
{"title":"Clinical management of large perforating internal root resorption with collagen and mineral trioxide aggregate: Two case reports","authors":"Soumyadeep Ghosh, Rajatha Shetty, S. Mathew, S. Nagaraja","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_29_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_29_21","url":null,"abstract":"Endodontic management of internal root resorption is challenging due to difficulty in debridement of the entire canal contents, disinfection, and control of the resorptive process. Often, there is no barrier to stop the repair material from being pushed into the periradicular tissues. In these case reports, we discuss the clinical management of internal root resorption, use of two forms of collagen used as a barrier material with mineral trioxide aggregate. – One-year follow-up of these cases reveals complete healing.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47459911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_182_22
Pooja D. Atigre, Leena Hiren Jobanputra, Aditya R. Sharma, Savan K. Kashiyani, Jaiprathiksha Venkatasubramaniam Iyer, Pushpa Kumari
ABSTRACT Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare canal transportation (CT) and centering ability (CA) in the curved canals prepared using HyFlex CM (HCM) and TruNatomy (TN) rotary file systems with the help of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Forty extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars with 10°–30° of curvature were selected and divided into two groups. In Group 1, the canals were prepared with HCM files (Coltene Whaledent) and in Group 2 the canals were prepared with TN Prime rotary files (Dentsply Sirona). Pre- and postinstrumentation scans were performed at the same position using CBCT to evaluate CT and CA at three levels 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm from the apex and were compared using CBCT software (On Demand 3D software). Statistical Analysis Used: The two groups were statistically analyzed with Mann–Whitney U -test. Results: There was no significant difference among the tested groups regarding the canal centering ratio ( P > 0.05). At 6- and 9-mm levels, there was no significant difference in CT among the two groups ( P > 0.05). However, at 3 mm from apex, there was a statistically significant difference ( P = 0.006) with TN files exhibiting lesser CT. Conclusion: Both the file systems respected the canal anatomy, although in the apical third, TN files exhibited better results. Hence, this file system can be considered for instrumentation of canals with moderate apical curvatures. In regard to CA, no significant differences were found among the file systems.
{"title":"Canal transportation and centering ability of HyFlex CM and TruNatomy rotary file systems in moderately curved root canals using CBCT: An in vitro study","authors":"Pooja D. Atigre, Leena Hiren Jobanputra, Aditya R. Sharma, Savan K. Kashiyani, Jaiprathiksha Venkatasubramaniam Iyer, Pushpa Kumari","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_182_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_182_22","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare canal transportation (CT) and centering ability (CA) in the curved canals prepared using HyFlex CM (HCM) and TruNatomy (TN) rotary file systems with the help of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Forty extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars with 10°–30° of curvature were selected and divided into two groups. In Group 1, the canals were prepared with HCM files (Coltene Whaledent) and in Group 2 the canals were prepared with TN Prime rotary files (Dentsply Sirona). Pre- and postinstrumentation scans were performed at the same position using CBCT to evaluate CT and CA at three levels 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm from the apex and were compared using CBCT software (On Demand 3D software). Statistical Analysis Used: The two groups were statistically analyzed with Mann–Whitney U -test. Results: There was no significant difference among the tested groups regarding the canal centering ratio ( P > 0.05). At 6- and 9-mm levels, there was no significant difference in CT among the two groups ( P > 0.05). However, at 3 mm from apex, there was a statistically significant difference ( P = 0.006) with TN files exhibiting lesser CT. Conclusion: Both the file systems respected the canal anatomy, although in the apical third, TN files exhibited better results. Hence, this file system can be considered for instrumentation of canals with moderate apical curvatures. In regard to CA, no significant differences were found among the file systems.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This position statement on Vital Pulp Therapy (VPT) procedures, endorsed by the Indian Endodontic Society (IES), aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the management of deep caries and exposed pulp within the realm of endodontic practice. VPT serves as the cornerstone of modern endodontics, particularly with advancements in biomaterials and regenerative methods. Its primary goal is to preserve the vitality of the dental pulp while simultaneously promoting the overall health of the tooth and periapical structures. In the diverse and dynamic landscape of Indian dentistry, the IES recognizes the need for a position statement tailored to the unique needs and challenges encountered by dental practitioners in India. This position statement presents evidence-based recommendations on VPT, considering not only international perspectives from reputed international organizations, but also the distinct factors influencing dental care in India. Drawing upon the collective expertise of the expert committee, this statement addresses key aspects of VPT, including patient selection, accurate diagnosis, effective treatment techniques, and follow-up protocols. While conventional endodontic therapy remains important, IES emphasizes the significance of VPT in well-selected cases. The statement also addresses areas of potential conflict, identifies avenues for future research, and presents the current status based on the best available scientific evidence. By providing a comprehensive overview of VPT, this position statement aims to serve as a valuable guide for dental practitioners, educators, and researchers, fostering optimal patient care and advancing the field of endodontics in India through evidence-based practice and continuous learning.
{"title":"Indian Endodontic Society: Position statement for deep caries management and vital pulp therapy procedures","authors":"Ruchika Roongta Nawal, Ajay Logani, Pankaj Sangwan, N Vasudev Ballal, Velayutham Gopikrishna","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_155_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_155_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This position statement on Vital Pulp Therapy (VPT) procedures, endorsed by the Indian Endodontic Society (IES), aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the management of deep caries and exposed pulp within the realm of endodontic practice. VPT serves as the cornerstone of modern endodontics, particularly with advancements in biomaterials and regenerative methods. Its primary goal is to preserve the vitality of the dental pulp while simultaneously promoting the overall health of the tooth and periapical structures. In the diverse and dynamic landscape of Indian dentistry, the IES recognizes the need for a position statement tailored to the unique needs and challenges encountered by dental practitioners in India. This position statement presents evidence-based recommendations on VPT, considering not only international perspectives from reputed international organizations, but also the distinct factors influencing dental care in India. Drawing upon the collective expertise of the expert committee, this statement addresses key aspects of VPT, including patient selection, accurate diagnosis, effective treatment techniques, and follow-up protocols. While conventional endodontic therapy remains important, IES emphasizes the significance of VPT in well-selected cases. The statement also addresses areas of potential conflict, identifies avenues for future research, and presents the current status based on the best available scientific evidence. By providing a comprehensive overview of VPT, this position statement aims to serve as a valuable guide for dental practitioners, educators, and researchers, fostering optimal patient care and advancing the field of endodontics in India through evidence-based practice and continuous learning.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135845067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_123_22
Alpa Gupta, Arundeep Singh, Kritika Aneja, Vivek Aggarwal, Jitesh Wadhwa, D. Abraham
Systematic reviews occupy a higher order of hierarchy in the evidence pyramid; however, certain questions are left unanswered since a quantitative synthesis is difficult to achieve when there is limited and heterogeneous data. The scoping reviews thereby play a pivotal role in covering the gap in knowledge acting as a precursor to systematic reviews. They also aid in giving guidance for the scope of future research and the parameters that must be considered in future studies. To the best of our knowledge, limited scoping reviews have been conducted so far which could be attributed to a lack of awareness on what is the aim of scoping reviews and how does it contribute to evidence-based medicine. As a result, the purpose of this article is to highlight how a scoping review should be conducted.
{"title":"How to write a scoping review? – A comprehensive guide","authors":"Alpa Gupta, Arundeep Singh, Kritika Aneja, Vivek Aggarwal, Jitesh Wadhwa, D. Abraham","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_123_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_123_22","url":null,"abstract":"Systematic reviews occupy a higher order of hierarchy in the evidence pyramid; however, certain questions are left unanswered since a quantitative synthesis is difficult to achieve when there is limited and heterogeneous data. The scoping reviews thereby play a pivotal role in covering the gap in knowledge acting as a precursor to systematic reviews. They also aid in giving guidance for the scope of future research and the parameters that must be considered in future studies. To the best of our knowledge, limited scoping reviews have been conducted so far which could be attributed to a lack of awareness on what is the aim of scoping reviews and how does it contribute to evidence-based medicine. As a result, the purpose of this article is to highlight how a scoping review should be conducted.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44481533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Aims: To compare and evaluate the incidence of postoperative pain using continuous ultrasonic irrigation (CUI), laser-activated irrigation (LAI), and laser irradiation (LI). Methods: Sixty-three patients were asked to record their pain level preoperatively using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The teeth were isolated and routine root canal treatment was initiated. After cleaning and shaping, the participants were allotted to three different groups: Group I: CUI (n = 21), Group II: LAI (n = 21), and Group III: LI (n = 21). At the end of the first visit, all patients were instructed to record pain level on the VAS pain scale chart after 24, 48 h, and after 7 days. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows 26.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), confidence intervals were set at 95%, and P ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Age and gender had no significant difference between the three groups ( P = 0.79). Majority of the patients (41.3%) observed mild pain, 30.2% of the patients observed moderate pain, and 28.6% of the patients observed severe pain according to Numerical Rating Scale. Conclusions: There is no statistical difference between CUI, LAI, and LI on the incidence of interappointment pain.
摘要目的:比较和评价连续超声冲洗(CUI)、激光激活冲洗(LAI)和激光照射(LI)对术后疼痛发生率的影响。方法:采用视觉模拟量表(VAS)和数值评定量表(NRS)记录63例患者术前疼痛程度。隔离牙齿并开始常规根管治疗。在清洁和整形后，参与者被分配到三个不同的组:第一组:CUI (n = 21)，第二组:LAI (n = 21)，第三组:LI (n = 21)。在第一次就诊结束时，所有患者被要求在24小时、48小时和7天后在VAS疼痛量表上记录疼痛程度。使用统计分析:使用SPSS (Statistical Package for The Social Sciences) for Windows 26.0 (SPSS, Inc.， Chicago, IL, USA)进行数据输入和分析，置信区间设置为95%，P≤0.05认为具有统计学意义。结果:三组患者年龄、性别差异无统计学意义(P = 0.79)。根据数值评定量表，大多数患者(41.3%)表现为轻度疼痛，30.2%的患者表现为中度疼痛，28.6%的患者表现为重度疼痛。结论:CUI、LAI和LI在预约间疼痛发生率上无统计学差异。
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of postoperative pain with continuous ultrasonic irrigation, laser-activated irrigation, and laser irradiation: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Karishma Krishnakumar, Anita Sanap Tandale, Twinkle Talreja, Ridhi Dube","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_261_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_261_22","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aims: To compare and evaluate the incidence of postoperative pain using continuous ultrasonic irrigation (CUI), laser-activated irrigation (LAI), and laser irradiation (LI). Methods: Sixty-three patients were asked to record their pain level preoperatively using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The teeth were isolated and routine root canal treatment was initiated. After cleaning and shaping, the participants were allotted to three different groups: Group I: CUI (n = 21), Group II: LAI (n = 21), and Group III: LI (n = 21). At the end of the first visit, all patients were instructed to record pain level on the VAS pain scale chart after 24, 48 h, and after 7 days. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows 26.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), confidence intervals were set at 95%, and P ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Age and gender had no significant difference between the three groups ( P = 0.79). Majority of the patients (41.3%) observed mild pain, 30.2% of the patients observed moderate pain, and 28.6% of the patients observed severe pain according to Numerical Rating Scale. Conclusions: There is no statistical difference between CUI, LAI, and LI on the incidence of interappointment pain.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carla Y Falcon, Sally Abdelkarim, Paul A Falcon, C. Hirschberg, C. Cugini
Aim: Enterococcus faecalis has gained attention in the endodontic literature as it is frequently isolated from root canals in cases of failed treatments. Current medicaments are unlikely to predictably achieve a bacteria-free root canal system, which can lead to these failures. Phytotherapeutic substances are attractive medicaments as they are generally safe and well tolerated. This study evaluated the antimicrobial potential of two phytotherapeutic agents, cinnamon and ginger oils, against in vitro preformed biofilms of an oral strain of E. faecalis. Methods: A biofilm of E. faecalis was grown in 96-well plate under anaerobic conditions to simulate root canal conditions during reinfection. The biofilms were treated with 1% cinnamon oil in brain–heart infusion (BHI) media or saline, which were compared to the widely used medicament, calcium hydroxide, under the same conditions. A 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-([phenylamino] carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide assay was employed for measuring cell viability. All tests were performed with a minimum of five technical replicates and in biological triplicate. A single biological trial was also conducted using 1% ginger oil following the same protocol. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Student's t-tests. Results: Cinnamon oil demonstrated antimicrobial activity in the eradication of E. faecalis biofilm. A statistically significant difference was detected between 1% cinnamon oil and 0.1% calcium hydroxide (P < 0.05). Ginger oil also displayed a reduction of the biofilm. Both oils showed a significant difference between BHI and saline conditions (P < 0.05), in which the biofilm reduction was maximized in saline. Conclusion: Cinnamon oil may provide a potential adjunctive therapy in treating endodontic infections associated with E. faecalis.
{"title":"The effect of cinnamon and ginger essential oils against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm: An in vitro feasibility study","authors":"Carla Y Falcon, Sally Abdelkarim, Paul A Falcon, C. Hirschberg, C. Cugini","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_19_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_19_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Enterococcus faecalis has gained attention in the endodontic literature as it is frequently isolated from root canals in cases of failed treatments. Current medicaments are unlikely to predictably achieve a bacteria-free root canal system, which can lead to these failures. Phytotherapeutic substances are attractive medicaments as they are generally safe and well tolerated. This study evaluated the antimicrobial potential of two phytotherapeutic agents, cinnamon and ginger oils, against in vitro preformed biofilms of an oral strain of E. faecalis. Methods: A biofilm of E. faecalis was grown in 96-well plate under anaerobic conditions to simulate root canal conditions during reinfection. The biofilms were treated with 1% cinnamon oil in brain–heart infusion (BHI) media or saline, which were compared to the widely used medicament, calcium hydroxide, under the same conditions. A 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-([phenylamino] carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide assay was employed for measuring cell viability. All tests were performed with a minimum of five technical replicates and in biological triplicate. A single biological trial was also conducted using 1% ginger oil following the same protocol. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Student's t-tests. Results: Cinnamon oil demonstrated antimicrobial activity in the eradication of E. faecalis biofilm. A statistically significant difference was detected between 1% cinnamon oil and 0.1% calcium hydroxide (P < 0.05). Ginger oil also displayed a reduction of the biofilm. Both oils showed a significant difference between BHI and saline conditions (P < 0.05), in which the biofilm reduction was maximized in saline. Conclusion: Cinnamon oil may provide a potential adjunctive therapy in treating endodontic infections associated with E. faecalis.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49401067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The study aims to comparatively evaluate various irrigating techniques in removing calcium hydroxide (CH, aqueous/silicon oil based) from simulated internal resorptive cavity and subsequent adaptability of thermoplasticized gutta percha (GP) to root canal walls. Methods: One hundred and sixty extracted human mandibular second premolars with single root were chemomechanically prepared to a size F3 (size 30, 6% taper). Standardized internal root resorption cavities were prepared, and samples were randomly divided into two main groups (n = 80) according to type of CH medicament used: Group I - silicon oil based (Metapex) and Group II - aqueous based (RC Cal) and four subgroups (n = 20) according to the technique used for removal of CH: Subgroup A - passive ultrasonic irrigation, Subgroup B - XP Endo Finisher (XP), Subgroup C - sonic irrigation, Subgroup D - conventional syringe irrigation. Half of the samples were evaluated for the quantity of remaining CH and the remaining half were evaluated for the adaptability of thermoplasticized GP under a stereomicroscope. The statistical analysis of the obtained scores was done using a nonparametric test, Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Mann–Whitney U-test. Results: XP showed maximum removal of CH and adaptation of GP in both the groups. Adaptability of GP to the dentinal wall was better in Group II than in Group I. Conclusions: Complete removal of CH (both formulations) was not possible with either of the experimental irrigation techniques from simulated internal root resorptive defects.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of efficacy of XP Endo Finisher, sonic, and ultrasonic irrigation in removal of calcium hydroxide and subsequent adaptation of gutta percha in simulated internal resorption cavity - An in vitro study","authors":"S. Taneja, Pragya Kumar, Akriti Dheer","doi":"10.4103/endo.endo_88_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/endo.endo_88_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The study aims to comparatively evaluate various irrigating techniques in removing calcium hydroxide (CH, aqueous/silicon oil based) from simulated internal resorptive cavity and subsequent adaptability of thermoplasticized gutta percha (GP) to root canal walls. Methods: One hundred and sixty extracted human mandibular second premolars with single root were chemomechanically prepared to a size F3 (size 30, 6% taper). Standardized internal root resorption cavities were prepared, and samples were randomly divided into two main groups (n = 80) according to type of CH medicament used: Group I - silicon oil based (Metapex) and Group II - aqueous based (RC Cal) and four subgroups (n = 20) according to the technique used for removal of CH: Subgroup A - passive ultrasonic irrigation, Subgroup B - XP Endo Finisher (XP), Subgroup C - sonic irrigation, Subgroup D - conventional syringe irrigation. Half of the samples were evaluated for the quantity of remaining CH and the remaining half were evaluated for the adaptability of thermoplasticized GP under a stereomicroscope. The statistical analysis of the obtained scores was done using a nonparametric test, Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Mann–Whitney U-test. Results: XP showed maximum removal of CH and adaptation of GP in both the groups. Adaptability of GP to the dentinal wall was better in Group II than in Group I. Conclusions: Complete removal of CH (both formulations) was not possible with either of the experimental irrigation techniques from simulated internal root resorptive defects.","PeriodicalId":11607,"journal":{"name":"Endodontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48553367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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