The most important point to be considered in terms of ‘sustainability’ and ‘energy conservation’ in a building is the design of the building envelope. Although the importance of thermal and sound insulation in the envelope has increased in Turkey, various problems are experienced due to regulations that have not been strictly implemented. In particular, the fact that people spend most of their time at home due to the COVID 19 pandemic has increased the importance of indoor comfort conditions. In order to increase user comfort, the first thing to do is to take the necessary measures for sound and thermal insulation, which have different physical working principles and parameters on the facades of existing buildings. It is important to design optimal facades that will meet the needs of both types of insulation. In this study, the existing building stocks that emerged as a result of the deficiencies in the zoning plans within the settlement pattern of Antalya 100. Yıl Boulevard are examined. Necessary improvement suggestions are presented in order to increase the performance, depending on the envelope. Within the scope of the study, both insulation performances of the facades are compared and solutions for the optimal envelope design were revealed.
{"title":"Optimization of Building Envelope In Terms Of Sound Insulation and Thermal Performance-Case Study: Antalya 100.Yil Boulevard","authors":"O. Keskin, Fatma Nur Duran","doi":"10.31202/ecjse.1131330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.1131330","url":null,"abstract":"The most important point to be considered in terms of ‘sustainability’ and ‘energy conservation’ in a building is the design of the building envelope. Although the importance of thermal and sound insulation in the envelope has increased in Turkey, various problems are experienced due to regulations that have not been strictly implemented. In particular, the fact that people spend most of their time at home due to the COVID 19 pandemic has increased the importance of indoor comfort conditions. In order to increase user comfort, the first thing to do is to take the necessary measures for sound and thermal insulation, which have different physical working principles and parameters on the facades of existing buildings. It is important to design optimal facades that will meet the needs of both types of insulation. In this study, the existing building stocks that emerged as a result of the deficiencies in the zoning plans within the settlement pattern of Antalya 100. Yıl Boulevard are examined. Necessary improvement suggestions are presented in order to increase the performance, depending on the envelope. Within the scope of the study, both insulation performances of the facades are compared and solutions for the optimal envelope design were revealed.","PeriodicalId":11622,"journal":{"name":"El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90144064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today's computing is one of the basic needs of every human being. Many actions are done with the mouse in the use of the computer. Individuals with physical disabilities, paralysis from the neck down, or ALS patients who have difficulty in making physical contact with the computer are having difficulty using computers. In this study, an artificial intelligence-assisted system has been developed for these individuals, where they can control the mouse with head and eye movements. In this system, facial movements and eyes are detected in real-time through the library of Haar Cascade, Dlib, and Open CV from the images acquired through the camera. When Haar Cascade is used to detect the face region, the Dlib library is used to acquire right and left eye region images from this detected face image. These eye areas are provided as an introduction to the CNN model, which is trained with 2874 eye data (https://github.com/iparaskev/simple-blink-detector), and it is determined that the eye is closed or open. The CNN model 1500 is trained on a public eye image dataset representing open and 1374 closed-eye conditions. The left eye closed and opened state allows the mouse to click left and the right eye to close and open, and the right mouse to click. In addition, the location of the face detected with Haar Cascade is used to model mouse motion. The developed system is a real-time hybrid system with a combination of different methods and has been tested on different users. According to the test results, it was observed that the system correctly identified the eyes and the closed state of these eyes, classifying the blink event with CNN in both eyes correctly. However, it has been determined that there has been a slowness in modeling mouse movement or a poor fit to facial movement. The next study will focus on this issue and improve it by fine-tuning the system with data from many people.
{"title":"Computer Control with Face and Eye Movements Using Deep Learning and Image Processing Methods","authors":"Muhammet Fatih Çapşek, Abdulkadir Karacı","doi":"10.31202/ecjse.1131377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.1131377","url":null,"abstract":"Today's computing is one of the basic needs of every human being. Many actions are done with the mouse in the use of the computer. Individuals with physical disabilities, paralysis from the neck down, or ALS patients who have difficulty in making physical contact with the computer are having difficulty using computers. In this study, an artificial intelligence-assisted system has been developed for these individuals, where they can control the mouse with head and eye movements. In this system, facial movements and eyes are detected in real-time through the library of Haar Cascade, Dlib, and Open CV from the images acquired through the camera. When Haar Cascade is used to detect the face region, the Dlib library is used to acquire right and left eye region images from this detected face image. These eye areas are provided as an introduction to the CNN model, which is trained with 2874 eye data (https://github.com/iparaskev/simple-blink-detector), and it is determined that the eye is closed or open. The CNN model 1500 is trained on a public eye image dataset representing open and 1374 closed-eye conditions. The left eye closed and opened state allows the mouse to click left and the right eye to close and open, and the right mouse to click. In addition, the location of the face detected with Haar Cascade is used to model mouse motion. The developed system is a real-time hybrid system with a combination of different methods and has been tested on different users. According to the test results, it was observed that the system correctly identified the eyes and the closed state of these eyes, classifying the blink event with CNN in both eyes correctly. However, it has been determined that there has been a slowness in modeling mouse movement or a poor fit to facial movement. The next study will focus on this issue and improve it by fine-tuning the system with data from many people.","PeriodicalId":11622,"journal":{"name":"El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88761945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Every day, the amount of data generated by industrial applications based on the Internet of Things (IoT) grows. However, data acquired as a result of failures and communication disconnections in IoT devices might be noisy, inaccurate, and incomplete. These issues have become crucial for data production, quality, processing, and analysis. The datasets used in the scope of this study were collected in real-time from the water neutralizer system of Sivas Numune Hospital, which converts medical waste into household waste. Medical liquid wastes in hospitals are exposed to chemical neutralization process by means of pH change with neutralization devices before being transferred to the sewer. In this regard, the monitoring of pH levels in the medical waste neutralization system is crucial for environmental protection. In this aspect, two datasets with varying quantities of missing data were evaluated for the prediction of the PH using the linear regression (LR), support vector machines (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF), and decision tree (DT) machine learning algorithms. Mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE) performance metrics were used to evaluate machine learning algorithms. As a consequence of the analysis, it was determined that the SVM algorithm performed better performance on the two distinct datasets. The result of the evaluation indicates that machine learning algorithms are remarkably efficient at predicting missing pH data.
{"title":"Missing IoT Data Prediction with Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"F. Azizoğlu, Emre Ünsal","doi":"10.31202/ecjse.1135485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.1135485","url":null,"abstract":"Every day, the amount of data generated by industrial applications based on the Internet of Things (IoT) grows. However, data acquired as a result of failures and communication disconnections in IoT devices might be noisy, inaccurate, and incomplete. These issues have become crucial for data production, quality, processing, and analysis. The datasets used in the scope of this study were collected in real-time from the water neutralizer system of Sivas Numune Hospital, which converts medical waste into household waste. Medical liquid wastes in hospitals are exposed to chemical neutralization process by means of pH change with neutralization devices before being transferred to the sewer. In this regard, the monitoring of pH levels in the medical waste neutralization system is crucial for environmental protection. In this aspect, two datasets with varying quantities of missing data were evaluated for the prediction of the PH using the linear regression (LR), support vector machines (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF), and decision tree (DT) machine learning algorithms. Mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE) performance metrics were used to evaluate machine learning algorithms. As a consequence of the analysis, it was determined that the SVM algorithm performed better performance on the two distinct datasets. The result of the evaluation indicates that machine learning algorithms are remarkably efficient at predicting missing pH data.","PeriodicalId":11622,"journal":{"name":"El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73995749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smooth functions are associated with operators on Hilbert spaces of analytic functions through the Berezin transform. The Berezin symbol and the Berezin number of an operator A on the Hilbert functional space H(Ω) over some set Ω with the reproducing kernel are defined, respectively, by A ̃(μ)=〈A K_μ/K_μ ,K_μ/K_μ 〉,μ∈Ω and ber(A)=sup┬(μ∈Ω)|A ̃(μ)|. By using this bounded function A ̃, we present some new Berezin number inequalities of Hilbert functional space operators. Some inequalities with respect to Specht's ratio are improved and generalized. Using these modifications, we also establish various new inequalities for the Berezin radius and Berezin norm of operators.
通过Berezin变换将光滑函数与解析函数的Hilbert空间上的算子联系起来。在具有再现核的集Ω上Hilbert泛函空间H(Ω)上的算子A的Berezin符号和Berezin数分别定义为:A Ω (μ)= < A K_μ/K_μ，K_μ/K_μ >，μ∈Ω和ber(A)=sup (μ∈Ω)²|A Ω (μ)|。利用这个有界函数，给出了Hilbert泛函空间算子的一些新的Berezin数不等式。改进并推广了关于Specht比值的一些不等式。利用这些修正，我们还建立了算子的Berezin半径和Berezin范数的各种新的不等式。
{"title":"Berezin number inequalities in terms of Specht's","authors":"M. Gürdal, Hamdullah Basaran","doi":"10.31202/ecjse.1131830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.1131830","url":null,"abstract":"Smooth functions are associated with operators on Hilbert spaces of analytic functions through the Berezin transform. The Berezin symbol and the Berezin number of an operator A on the Hilbert functional space H(Ω) over some set Ω with the reproducing kernel are defined, respectively, by \u0000A ̃(μ)=〈A K_μ/K_μ ,K_μ/K_μ 〉,μ∈Ω and ber(A)=sup┬(μ∈Ω)|A ̃(μ)|. \u0000By using this bounded function A ̃, we present some new Berezin number inequalities of Hilbert functional space operators. Some inequalities with respect to Specht's ratio are improved and generalized. Using these modifications, we also establish various new inequalities for the Berezin radius and Berezin norm of operators.","PeriodicalId":11622,"journal":{"name":"El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74732766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) data, heart diseases are among the diseases with the highest mortality rate. Cardiovascular diseases, known as cardiovascular diseases, are defined as the formation of plaque on the inner wall of the vessel, the hardening of the vessels, the narrowing of the vessel and making the blood flow difficult. The diagnosis of the disease is made by examining various clinical findings. The clinical findings and tests take time, prolonging the diagnostic phase. For this reason, new tools and methods are being researched to facilitate the disease diagnosis process. Materials and Methods: Heart disease dataset from Kaggle, a public sharing site, was used in the study. There are 14 features in the dataset. The features were selected with the Eta correlation coefficient and reduced to 11. Rule-based diagnostic algorithms have been developed with the help of decision tree algorithms. Results: As a result of the study, rule-based algorithms were developed at approximately 5 levels, with an average accuracy rate of 94.15, sensitivity of 0.98, and specificity of 0.91. Conclusion: According to the model performances, it has a high accuracy rate developed with artificial intelligence methods for the diagnosis of CVD, and it is thought that it can be used as a rule-based diagnostic algorithm by the clinician.
{"title":"Development of Rule-Based Diagnostic Algorithms with Artificial Intelligence Methods for the Determination of Cardiovascular Diseases","authors":"Buse Nur Karaman","doi":"10.31202/ecjse.1133297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.1133297","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Health Organization (WHO) data, heart diseases are among the diseases with the highest mortality rate. Cardiovascular diseases, known as cardiovascular diseases, are defined as the formation of plaque on the inner wall of the vessel, the hardening of the vessels, the narrowing of the vessel and making the blood flow difficult. The diagnosis of the disease is made by examining various clinical findings. The clinical findings and tests take time, prolonging the diagnostic phase. For this reason, new tools and methods are being researched to facilitate the disease diagnosis process. Materials and Methods: Heart disease dataset from Kaggle, a public sharing site, was used in the study. There are 14 features in the dataset. The features were selected with the Eta correlation coefficient and reduced to 11. Rule-based diagnostic algorithms have been developed with the help of decision tree algorithms. Results: As a result of the study, rule-based algorithms were developed at approximately 5 levels, with an average accuracy rate of 94.15, sensitivity of 0.98, and specificity of 0.91. Conclusion: According to the model performances, it has a high accuracy rate developed with artificial intelligence methods for the diagnosis of CVD, and it is thought that it can be used as a rule-based diagnostic algorithm by the clinician.","PeriodicalId":11622,"journal":{"name":"El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83007482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In today's construction industry, the production and use of the next generationof materials is becoming increasingly common. These materials; It isused in the formofpaper block handmen,plate products and composite mortars. Especially in recent years, the development of lightweight, flexible, outdoor resistant lightweight aggregate mortar products within the scope of energy efficient products in buildings has also become a necessity. Therefore, in this article, a series of plaster pilgrim samples are prepared in composite form with polymer component by classifying light aggregates of different origin in the size range of 0.5-1 mm and 1-2 mm and using them as the main raw material. In addition, in order to make technical comparison in experimental studies, control mortar samples, which are called traditional mortar used in exterior applications of existing buildings in the construction sector, are also designed. Within the scope of the study, all mortar samples were analyzed within the scope of TS EN 998-1 standard and other related standards in force today and technical findings were examined in detail in the article. In addition, the parameters affecting the result were determined with SPSS (V26) to determine the effectiveness of the experiment input values. Data were trained with ANFIS using parameters affecting the result and results were checked with test data.
在当今的建筑行业中，下一代材料的生产和使用正变得越来越普遍。这些材料;适用于纸制砌块、板材、复合砂浆等。特别是近年来，开发轻质、柔性、耐室外的轻质骨料砂浆产品，在建筑节能产品范围内也成为一种必然。因此，本文将0.5-1 mm和1-2 mm粒径范围内不同来源的轻聚集体进行分类，并以其为主要原料，以聚合物组分为复合材料制备了一系列石膏朝圣样品。此外，为了在实验研究中进行技术比较，还设计了对照砂浆样品，即建筑领域现有建筑外墙使用的传统砂浆。在研究范围内，所有砂浆样品都在TS EN 998-1标准和当今有效的其他相关标准的范围内进行了分析，并在文章中详细检查了技术结果。此外，利用SPSS (V26)软件对影响结果的参数进行测定，以确定实验输入值的有效性。使用影响结果的参数使用ANFIS对数据进行训练，并用测试数据对结果进行检查。
{"title":"Technical Evaluation of Different Lightweight Aggregates in Composite Mortar Production with SPSS and ANFİS","authors":"M. Sivri, N. Sapci","doi":"10.31202/ecjse.1071312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.1071312","url":null,"abstract":"In today's construction industry, the production and use of the next generationof materials is becoming increasingly common. These materials; It isused in the formofpaper block handmen,plate products and composite mortars. Especially in recent years, the development of lightweight, flexible, outdoor resistant lightweight aggregate mortar products within the scope of energy efficient products in buildings has also become a necessity. Therefore, in this article, a series of plaster pilgrim samples are prepared in composite form with polymer component by classifying light aggregates of different origin in the size range of 0.5-1 mm and 1-2 mm and using them as the main raw material. In addition, in order to make technical comparison in experimental studies, control mortar samples, which are called traditional mortar used in exterior applications of existing buildings in the construction sector, are also designed. Within the scope of the study, all mortar samples were analyzed within the scope of TS EN 998-1 standard and other related standards in force today and technical findings were examined in detail in the article. In addition, the parameters affecting the result were determined with SPSS (V26) to determine the effectiveness of the experiment input values. Data were trained with ANFIS using parameters affecting the result and results were checked with test data.","PeriodicalId":11622,"journal":{"name":"El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78786427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The first section of this paper presents the conditions of solar radiation orientation in Kosovo. The sheer existence of the sunlight is indeed an inexhaustible source of renewable energy having ample potential to meet all humankind’s needs for it when innovative technology is used in compliance with modern standards appropriate to economic and social environment and to the nature itself, too. The research conducted for the purpose of the present paper reveals that the greatest amount of radiant energy is focused on the absorber of the collector sensor which transmits the entire moving space at right angles to the sunlight. It is important to note that the collector angle in relation to the horizontal plane cannot be less than 20°, because there is a possibility that the collector, due to the small angle, is covered in dirt and aerosol pollution. These data ensure that best performance in high generation efficiency is reached by improving harnessing patterns in solar cell response. The objective of the Kosovo Plan in 10 years’ period has stimulated the support policy for renewable energy sources, set to be at least 10% at the national level. This paper examines radiation efficiency assessments under sensor monitoring over the absorption space where all time, high absorption power PV system panels are located. Experimental study shows that Kosovo has radiation potential due to its Geographical position equal to 1400kWh, with the optimal sensor orientation angle of 25° in the Gjakova Region. The solar radiation efficiency for one-year period has resulted in increased performance under sensor monitoring during the months of March - September, from 0.89 kWh/m2/y to 0.92 kWh/m2/y, when the equinox provides the longest sunlight intervals.
{"title":"Solar radiation performance adjusting to PV system","authors":"Vehebi Sofiu, Muhaxherin Sofiu, Sami Gashi","doi":"10.31202/ecjse.1121921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.1121921","url":null,"abstract":"The first section of this paper presents the conditions of solar radiation orientation in Kosovo. The sheer existence of the sunlight is indeed an inexhaustible source of renewable energy having ample potential to meet all humankind’s needs for it when innovative technology is used in compliance with modern standards appropriate to economic and social environment and to the nature itself, too. The research conducted for the purpose of the present paper reveals that the greatest amount of radiant energy is focused on the absorber of the collector sensor which transmits the entire moving space at right angles to the sunlight. It is important to note that the collector angle in relation to the horizontal plane cannot be less than 20°, because there is a possibility that the collector, due to the small angle, is covered in dirt and aerosol pollution. These data ensure that best performance in high generation efficiency is reached by improving harnessing patterns in solar cell response. The objective of the Kosovo Plan in 10 years’ period has stimulated the support policy for renewable energy sources, set to be at least 10% at the national level. This paper examines radiation efficiency assessments under sensor monitoring over the absorption space where all time, high absorption power PV system panels are located. Experimental study shows that Kosovo has radiation potential due to its Geographical position equal to 1400kWh, with the optimal sensor orientation angle of 25° in the Gjakova Region. The solar radiation efficiency for one-year period has resulted in increased performance under sensor monitoring during the months of March - September, from 0.89 kWh/m2/y to 0.92 kWh/m2/y, when the equinox provides the longest sunlight intervals.","PeriodicalId":11622,"journal":{"name":"El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87883534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The production of nanoparticles as thin film coating performed with electrodeposition method is easier and cheaper than other methods. Because, thin film production can be controlled with the change of ingredients in the bath composition. In this study, Co, Ni, and CoNi alloy thin films were fabricated with electrodeposition method through the bath composition that consists of cobalt sulphate (CoSO4.7H2O), nickel sulphate (NiSO4.6H2O), nickel (II) chloride (NiCl2 6H2O) and boric acid (H3BO3). Crystal structure (XRD), morphological (SEM), elemental composition (ICP) and magnetic properties (VSM) of the fabricated thin films were investigated. Chemical properties of coating bath (CV) was examined as well. Magnetization measurements of the thin films were performed by applying magnetic fields between + 75000 Oe and -75000 Oe and then hysteresis loops were obtained. The Co, Ni, and CoNi films showed ferromagnetic material properties. Coercivity (Hc), permanent magnetization (Mr), saturation magnetization (Ms) values of these alloys were significantly affected by the amount of the cobalt, magneto crystal anisotropy and grain size. It was understood that some materials having hard and soft magnetic properties can be fabricated by controlling the bath composition.
{"title":"Elektrodepolama ile Üretilen Co, Ni ve CoNi Alaşımlı İnce Filmlerin Yapısal ve Manyetik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi","authors":"Rasim Özdemir, Cuma Ali Korkmaz","doi":"10.31202/ecjse.1123584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.1123584","url":null,"abstract":"The production of nanoparticles as thin film coating performed with electrodeposition method is easier and cheaper than other methods. Because, thin film production can be controlled with the change of ingredients in the bath composition. In this study, Co, Ni, and CoNi alloy thin films were fabricated with electrodeposition method through the bath composition that consists of cobalt sulphate (CoSO4.7H2O), nickel sulphate (NiSO4.6H2O), nickel (II) chloride (NiCl2 6H2O) and boric acid (H3BO3). Crystal structure (XRD), morphological (SEM), elemental composition (ICP) and magnetic properties (VSM) of the fabricated thin films were investigated. Chemical properties of coating bath (CV) was examined as well. Magnetization measurements of the thin films were performed by applying magnetic fields between + 75000 Oe and -75000 Oe and then hysteresis loops were obtained. The Co, Ni, and CoNi films showed ferromagnetic material properties. Coercivity (Hc), permanent magnetization (Mr), saturation magnetization (Ms) values of these alloys were significantly affected by the amount of the cobalt, magneto crystal anisotropy and grain size. It was understood that some materials having hard and soft magnetic properties can be fabricated by controlling the bath composition.","PeriodicalId":11622,"journal":{"name":"El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73036795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, increasing air pollution problem, climate change, rapid depletion of oil reserves and their being expensive cause an increase in environmentally friendly, efficient and sustainable work in the transportation sector. For this reason, efforts are being made to expand the use of electric and hybrid vehicles in the transportation sector. In this study, the efficiency and 〖CO〗_2 emission effects provided by the electric motor types used compared to other vehicle engines are estimated by examining the electric and hybrid vehicles sold in our country as well as the historical development, structure and working principle of electric and hybrid vehicles. Preferred engines in electric and hybrid vehicles are compared in terms of efficiency, cost, power density and reliability. Brushless DC motors are determined to be better in terms of efficiency and performance, but costlier. Electric vehicles with permanent magnet synchronous motors are considered to be optimum in terms of efficiency and cost. 〖CO〗_2 emission values of engine types used in vehicles using internal combustion engines electric and hybrid vehicles are compared using basic statistical estimation methods. As a result of the comparison, it is expected that the 〖CO〗_2 emission rate will decrease by 2% or more in the future.
{"title":"Estımate of Change in 〖CO〗_2 Emission Occurring in Internal Combustion Engines Generated By Electric Motors in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles in Transportation and Its Effect on Productivity: A Sample of Turkey","authors":"Murat Toren, Hakki Mollahasanoglu","doi":"10.31202/ecjse.1107454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.1107454","url":null,"abstract":"Today, increasing air pollution problem, climate change, rapid depletion of oil reserves and their being expensive cause an increase in environmentally friendly, efficient and sustainable work in the transportation sector. For this reason, efforts are being made to expand the use of electric and hybrid vehicles in the transportation sector. In this study, the efficiency and 〖CO〗_2 emission effects provided by the electric motor types used compared to other vehicle engines are estimated by examining the electric and hybrid vehicles sold in our country as well as the historical development, structure and working principle of electric and hybrid vehicles. Preferred engines in electric and hybrid vehicles are compared in terms of efficiency, cost, power density and reliability. Brushless DC motors are determined to be better in terms of efficiency and performance, but costlier. Electric vehicles with permanent magnet synchronous motors are considered to be optimum in terms of efficiency and cost. 〖CO〗_2 emission values of engine types used in vehicles using internal combustion engines electric and hybrid vehicles are compared using basic statistical estimation methods. As a result of the comparison, it is expected that the 〖CO〗_2 emission rate will decrease by 2% or more in the future.","PeriodicalId":11622,"journal":{"name":"El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77383133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the renovation of structures, natural disasters, and regional-global wars, construction and demolition waste material is generated. The remediation of these wastes by recycling and reusing activities is one of recent most common research topics. Recycled aggregates are obtained through the recycling activities of these waste materials. In the literature, detailed studies have been carried out to use recycled aggregate as a sustainable product in producing new concrete or as a filling material. Besides, the scope of these studies continues to expand. In this comprehensive study, the structural behavior of the soil-structure interaction problem under the monotonic load, which is assumed to be produced with sustainable materials, was investigated. Furthermore, the concrete properties of these foundation beams representing the superstructure were considered with conventional and sustainable concrete. The characteristics of the filling materials were regarded with five different sustainable materials. The deflection, rotation, bending moment, shear force, and spring forces are obtained based on the numerical simulation. The sustainable soil-structure interaction problem results were compared with the conventional counterparts. Based on the comparisons, it was observed that the deflection, rotation, bending moment, shear force, and spring forces that occur in the foundation beam are affected by sustainable material properties.
{"title":"The Behavior of Continuous Foundations with Sustainable Concrete and Soil Under Monotonic Loads","authors":"I. Saribas, Bahadir Ok","doi":"10.31202/ecjse.1113310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.1113310","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the renovation of structures, natural disasters, and regional-global wars, construction and demolition waste material is generated. The remediation of these wastes by recycling and reusing activities is one of recent most common research topics. Recycled aggregates are obtained through the recycling activities of these waste materials. In the literature, detailed studies have been carried out to use recycled aggregate as a sustainable product in producing new concrete or as a filling material. Besides, the scope of these studies continues to expand. In this comprehensive study, the structural behavior of the soil-structure interaction problem under the monotonic load, which is assumed to be produced with sustainable materials, was investigated. Furthermore, the concrete properties of these foundation beams representing the superstructure were considered with conventional and sustainable concrete. The characteristics of the filling materials were regarded with five different sustainable materials. The deflection, rotation, bending moment, shear force, and spring forces are obtained based on the numerical simulation. The sustainable soil-structure interaction problem results were compared with the conventional counterparts. Based on the comparisons, it was observed that the deflection, rotation, bending moment, shear force, and spring forces that occur in the foundation beam are affected by sustainable material properties.","PeriodicalId":11622,"journal":{"name":"El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82550842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：