Pub Date : 1993-09-27DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.1993.489660
D. Jeannot, J. Pinard, P. Ramoni, E. Jost
The new contact material AgSnO/sub 2/, which is replacing AgCdO in many applications, requires the addition of doping agents to improve electrical contact performance. These additions effect thermodynamic stability, wettability of the SnO/sub 2/ surface by liquid silver as well as the microstructure of the area melted by the electric arc. This work considers the frequently used dopants WO/sub 3/, MoO/sub 3/, Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/, CuO and RuO/sub 2/ as well as others: ZnO, Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/, HgO, RuO/sub 2/, Sb/sub 2/O/sub 3/, TeO/sub 2/ and TaC. DTA and TGA analyses are performed on mixtures of these metal oxides with SnO/sub 2/, Ag and AgSnO/sub 2/. Reaction products, if present, are characterized by X-ray diffraction. The wetting angles of molten silver on surfaces of these mixtures are established. The results are used to interpret the microstructures found in the molten regions of AgSnO/sub 2/ materials doped with these substances. These structures are interpreted and related to performance in arcing contact applications.
{"title":"The effects of metal oxide additions or dopants on the electrical performance of AgSnO/sub 2/ contact materials","authors":"D. Jeannot, J. Pinard, P. Ramoni, E. Jost","doi":"10.1109/HOLM.1993.489660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HOLM.1993.489660","url":null,"abstract":"The new contact material AgSnO/sub 2/, which is replacing AgCdO in many applications, requires the addition of doping agents to improve electrical contact performance. These additions effect thermodynamic stability, wettability of the SnO/sub 2/ surface by liquid silver as well as the microstructure of the area melted by the electric arc. This work considers the frequently used dopants WO/sub 3/, MoO/sub 3/, Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/, CuO and RuO/sub 2/ as well as others: ZnO, Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/, HgO, RuO/sub 2/, Sb/sub 2/O/sub 3/, TeO/sub 2/ and TaC. DTA and TGA analyses are performed on mixtures of these metal oxides with SnO/sub 2/, Ag and AgSnO/sub 2/. Reaction products, if present, are characterized by X-ray diffraction. The wetting angles of molten silver on surfaces of these mixtures are established. The results are used to interpret the microstructures found in the molten regions of AgSnO/sub 2/ materials doped with these substances. These structures are interpreted and related to performance in arcing contact applications.","PeriodicalId":11624,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Contacts - 2007 Proceedings of the 53rd IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88835906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-09-27DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.1993.489682
J. Shea, D. Boles, Y. Chien, R. Zeigler
An arc diagnostic system has been developed for analyzing arc motion, structure, and intensity in electrical components such as molded case circuit breakers and contactors. The system utilizes an array of fiber-optic cables and matching photodiode receivers to monitor the light from an arc and convert the light into electrical signals which are acquired by a high speed transient digitizing system. The two unique aspects of this system are in the animation and arc intensity capabilities. Acquired images of the arc (up to 1 image per microsecond) are superimposed on a CAD drawing of the device being tested and reanimated frame by frame on a personal computer screen. Arc intensity is proportional to the spot size shown in the reanimation. The system can also acquire corresponding current, arc voltage, and arc chamber pressure which are correlated to the reanimation. High power short circuit tests were performed on a current limiting molded case circuit breaker (MCCB) to illustrate system capabilities. Discussions about the acquired results are made as well as future refinements to the system.
{"title":"Computer animated digital arc diagnostic system","authors":"J. Shea, D. Boles, Y. Chien, R. Zeigler","doi":"10.1109/HOLM.1993.489682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HOLM.1993.489682","url":null,"abstract":"An arc diagnostic system has been developed for analyzing arc motion, structure, and intensity in electrical components such as molded case circuit breakers and contactors. The system utilizes an array of fiber-optic cables and matching photodiode receivers to monitor the light from an arc and convert the light into electrical signals which are acquired by a high speed transient digitizing system. The two unique aspects of this system are in the animation and arc intensity capabilities. Acquired images of the arc (up to 1 image per microsecond) are superimposed on a CAD drawing of the device being tested and reanimated frame by frame on a personal computer screen. Arc intensity is proportional to the spot size shown in the reanimation. The system can also acquire corresponding current, arc voltage, and arc chamber pressure which are correlated to the reanimation. High power short circuit tests were performed on a current limiting molded case circuit breaker (MCCB) to illustrate system capabilities. Discussions about the acquired results are made as well as future refinements to the system.","PeriodicalId":11624,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Contacts - 2007 Proceedings of the 53rd IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80596516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-09-27DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.1993.489670
A. Challita, D. Bauer
Brush commutating linear motors are being investigated for underwater launching. Two key problems must be addressed before a brush system can be designed. These are: the life of the system and the operation of the brushes while submerged in seawater. The life of the current collector system depends on the type of commutation. Most DC commutating collector systems rely on arc to commutate the current. Arcing causes collector erosion. The erosion can limit the life of the system. Corrosion, biofouling, and brush lifting are three issues that must be considered when operating in seawater. In a recently completed program, we investigated the feasibility of using fingerlike, solid brushes for current commutation in seawater. We found that copper brushes have an acceptable corrosion rate and resist biofouling, and hydrodynamic and electromagnetic lifting forces are small compared to the required contact force. In this paper we present the key issues in using solid brush commutation in seawater and present the results of our tests and analysis.
{"title":"Solid copper commutation brushes for seawater use","authors":"A. Challita, D. Bauer","doi":"10.1109/HOLM.1993.489670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HOLM.1993.489670","url":null,"abstract":"Brush commutating linear motors are being investigated for underwater launching. Two key problems must be addressed before a brush system can be designed. These are: the life of the system and the operation of the brushes while submerged in seawater. The life of the current collector system depends on the type of commutation. Most DC commutating collector systems rely on arc to commutate the current. Arcing causes collector erosion. The erosion can limit the life of the system. Corrosion, biofouling, and brush lifting are three issues that must be considered when operating in seawater. In a recently completed program, we investigated the feasibility of using fingerlike, solid brushes for current commutation in seawater. We found that copper brushes have an acceptable corrosion rate and resist biofouling, and hydrodynamic and electromagnetic lifting forces are small compared to the required contact force. In this paper we present the key issues in using solid brush commutation in seawater and present the results of our tests and analysis.","PeriodicalId":11624,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Contacts - 2007 Proceedings of the 53rd IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76888367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-09-27DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.1993.489665
Zheng Xinjian, Wang Qiping
By means of breaking tests on different Ni content for AgNi contact materials in a CKS contact material machine, an attempt was made to elucidate the formation mechanisms of the various surface morphologies after the arc erosion process as caused by the break arc. We first investigated the morphology of the anode and cathode surface that was eroded by a single break arc. It is found that eight quite distinct types of the surface morphology are formed by repeated arcing. The formation mechanisms of the morphology types and the actions in arc erosion process can be explained.
{"title":"The types and the formation mechanisms of AgNi contact morphology due to breaking arc erosion","authors":"Zheng Xinjian, Wang Qiping","doi":"10.1109/HOLM.1993.489665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HOLM.1993.489665","url":null,"abstract":"By means of breaking tests on different Ni content for AgNi contact materials in a CKS contact material machine, an attempt was made to elucidate the formation mechanisms of the various surface morphologies after the arc erosion process as caused by the break arc. We first investigated the morphology of the anode and cathode surface that was eroded by a single break arc. It is found that eight quite distinct types of the surface morphology are formed by repeated arcing. The formation mechanisms of the morphology types and the actions in arc erosion process can be explained.","PeriodicalId":11624,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Contacts - 2007 Proceedings of the 53rd IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75463069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-09-27DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.1993.489666
John J. Shea, B. DeVault, Y. Chien
Measurements were made on a double-break contact geometries, commonly used in power distribution devices, to determine contact dynamics under various short circuit fault conditions. These measurements lead to a modification to improve contact dynamics during a short circuit. The modification consisted of a guide-rod which prevented contact arm rotation during arcing. Contact dynamics depended on two blow-open forces, magnetic repulsion and gas pressure. Both forces were quantified for various double-break contact geometries along with arc voltage and contact travel. The gas pressure, created by arc radiation, was found to be a significant blow-open force. Measured blow-open forces were compared to a sealed piston model to obtain an empirical equation for blow-open forces. Contact performance was also determined with and without the guide-rod for a range of arc currents.
{"title":"Blow-open forces on double-break contacts","authors":"John J. Shea, B. DeVault, Y. Chien","doi":"10.1109/HOLM.1993.489666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HOLM.1993.489666","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements were made on a double-break contact geometries, commonly used in power distribution devices, to determine contact dynamics under various short circuit fault conditions. These measurements lead to a modification to improve contact dynamics during a short circuit. The modification consisted of a guide-rod which prevented contact arm rotation during arcing. Contact dynamics depended on two blow-open forces, magnetic repulsion and gas pressure. Both forces were quantified for various double-break contact geometries along with arc voltage and contact travel. The gas pressure, created by arc radiation, was found to be a significant blow-open force. Measured blow-open forces were compared to a sealed piston model to obtain an empirical equation for blow-open forces. Contact performance was also determined with and without the guide-rod for a range of arc currents.","PeriodicalId":11624,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Contacts - 2007 Proceedings of the 53rd IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79688619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-09-27DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.1993.489668
M. B. Schulman, J. Bindas
The influence of AC axial magnetic (AM) fields on the development of half-cycle drawn vacuum area is described. A Helmholtz coil provided an independent AC AM field B/sub ax//sup ac/ in the opening gap between flat profile, butt type, Cr-Cu contacts. For peak arc currents I/sub p/ up to 20 kA, critical fields B/sub crit//sup ac/ were determined which prevented anode involvement. The dependence of B/sub crit//sup ac/ on I/sub p/ is compared with the analogous dependence using constant magnetic fields B/sub ax//sup dc/. The results are used to extend the usefulness of the B/sub crit/ parameter to the design of contact structures which produce self-generated axial magnetic fields from the AC arcing current. A similar direct transition to the diffuse arc mode occurs without an imposed B/sub ax/ for separation currents I/sub s/<7 kA and I/sub p/<10 kA.
{"title":"Evaluation of AC axial magnetic fields needed to prevent anode spots in vacuum arcs between opening contacts","authors":"M. B. Schulman, J. Bindas","doi":"10.1109/HOLM.1993.489668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HOLM.1993.489668","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of AC axial magnetic (AM) fields on the development of half-cycle drawn vacuum area is described. A Helmholtz coil provided an independent AC AM field B/sub ax//sup ac/ in the opening gap between flat profile, butt type, Cr-Cu contacts. For peak arc currents I/sub p/ up to 20 kA, critical fields B/sub crit//sup ac/ were determined which prevented anode involvement. The dependence of B/sub crit//sup ac/ on I/sub p/ is compared with the analogous dependence using constant magnetic fields B/sub ax//sup dc/. The results are used to extend the usefulness of the B/sub crit/ parameter to the design of contact structures which produce self-generated axial magnetic fields from the AC arcing current. A similar direct transition to the diffuse arc mode occurs without an imposed B/sub ax/ for separation currents I/sub s/<7 kA and I/sub p/<10 kA.","PeriodicalId":11624,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Contacts - 2007 Proceedings of the 53rd IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85389751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-09-27DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.1993.489678
P. Lees
The wear behavior of connector contact materials has traditionally been evaluated using reciprocating motion with continuous contact between the rider and flat up to the end-of-test. Initial contact establishes the location of the wear tracks and spots. Connector members, on the other hand are physically separated between cycles. Further, because of manufacturing tolerances, the wear tracks for each cycle may not coincide. This study characterizes the influence of physical separation between cycles on the wear behavior of connector contact materials. Both electroplated and metallurgically processed contact materials were cycled under load first without, then with, physical separation between cycles. Two mating geometries were employed representing "preferred" and "troublesome" contact geometries as defined by the magnitude of Hertz stress. Methods of evaluation included determination of the coefficient of friction and quantitative metallography. It was found that, high contact material hardness reduces the initial coefficient of friction but does not assure acceptable wear behavior, the wear behavior of each material correlated with a basic model, physical separation can lead to multiple wear spots on the riders forestalling the onset of asperity junction growth, and the mating geometry did not affect wear behavior.
{"title":"The influence of physical separation between cycles on the wear behavior of connector contact materials","authors":"P. Lees","doi":"10.1109/HOLM.1993.489678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HOLM.1993.489678","url":null,"abstract":"The wear behavior of connector contact materials has traditionally been evaluated using reciprocating motion with continuous contact between the rider and flat up to the end-of-test. Initial contact establishes the location of the wear tracks and spots. Connector members, on the other hand are physically separated between cycles. Further, because of manufacturing tolerances, the wear tracks for each cycle may not coincide. This study characterizes the influence of physical separation between cycles on the wear behavior of connector contact materials. Both electroplated and metallurgically processed contact materials were cycled under load first without, then with, physical separation between cycles. Two mating geometries were employed representing \"preferred\" and \"troublesome\" contact geometries as defined by the magnitude of Hertz stress. Methods of evaluation included determination of the coefficient of friction and quantitative metallography. It was found that, high contact material hardness reduces the initial coefficient of friction but does not assure acceptable wear behavior, the wear behavior of each material correlated with a basic model, physical separation can lead to multiple wear spots on the riders forestalling the onset of asperity junction growth, and the mating geometry did not affect wear behavior.","PeriodicalId":11624,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Contacts - 2007 Proceedings of the 53rd IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82402796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-09-27DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.1993.489680
A. Oberg, S. Nilsson
A study evaluating the use of a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) as an active force actuator in power connectors has been conducted. The work consisted of three parts: 1) A selection of a suitable candidate for evaluation; 2) Laboratory testing of relevant properties of the selected SMA; 3) Experimental verification of the proposed function. The findings of the work are the following: 1) A commercial CuAlNi Shape Memory Alloy was selected to be tested as an active force actuator in bolted power connectors; 2) The use of such a SMA washer as an active force actuator significantly lowers and stabilises the contact resistance in a bolted connector, in accordance with the predictions.
{"title":"Shape memory alloys for power connector applications","authors":"A. Oberg, S. Nilsson","doi":"10.1109/HOLM.1993.489680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HOLM.1993.489680","url":null,"abstract":"A study evaluating the use of a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) as an active force actuator in power connectors has been conducted. The work consisted of three parts: 1) A selection of a suitable candidate for evaluation; 2) Laboratory testing of relevant properties of the selected SMA; 3) Experimental verification of the proposed function. The findings of the work are the following: 1) A commercial CuAlNi Shape Memory Alloy was selected to be tested as an active force actuator in bolted power connectors; 2) The use of such a SMA washer as an active force actuator significantly lowers and stabilises the contact resistance in a bolted connector, in accordance with the predictions.","PeriodicalId":11624,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Contacts - 2007 Proceedings of the 53rd IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82512448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-09-27DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.1993.489677
N.A. Stennett, J. Swingler
A series of low frequency fretting experiments have been conducted on a purpose built apparatus. The tests have used tin/lead plated contact surfaces to investigate the effect of electrical power on the process of fretting corrosion at these frequencies. The test samples comprised of a hemispherical rider resting on top of a flat coupon. The experimental conditions for each test were fixed at: 80 microns displacement, 2.38 mHz frequency, 100 gf normal force and room temperature. Contact resistance measurements were taken at discrete intervals during each fretting wear cycle. These were made using the four wire method at dry circuit conditions (<20 mV, <100 mA). On the completion of the tests, micrographs were taken using the Scanning Electron Microscope and depth profiles made using Auger Electron Spectroscopy. The results showed that those samples powered with a constant current survived a larger number of fretting wear cycles before open circuit conditions occurred. This is thought to be due to the applied voltage assisting in the breakdown of the insulating films. The results have been compared to earlier work carried out at high frequency which produced the opposite effects. A hypothesis is presented to explain the differences.
{"title":"The effect of power on low frequency fretting corrosion","authors":"N.A. Stennett, J. Swingler","doi":"10.1109/HOLM.1993.489677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HOLM.1993.489677","url":null,"abstract":"A series of low frequency fretting experiments have been conducted on a purpose built apparatus. The tests have used tin/lead plated contact surfaces to investigate the effect of electrical power on the process of fretting corrosion at these frequencies. The test samples comprised of a hemispherical rider resting on top of a flat coupon. The experimental conditions for each test were fixed at: 80 microns displacement, 2.38 mHz frequency, 100 gf normal force and room temperature. Contact resistance measurements were taken at discrete intervals during each fretting wear cycle. These were made using the four wire method at dry circuit conditions (<20 mV, <100 mA). On the completion of the tests, micrographs were taken using the Scanning Electron Microscope and depth profiles made using Auger Electron Spectroscopy. The results showed that those samples powered with a constant current survived a larger number of fretting wear cycles before open circuit conditions occurred. This is thought to be due to the applied voltage assisting in the breakdown of the insulating films. The results have been compared to earlier work carried out at high frequency which produced the opposite effects. A hypothesis is presented to explain the differences.","PeriodicalId":11624,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Contacts - 2007 Proceedings of the 53rd IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83922002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-09-27DOI: 10.1109/HOLM.1993.489663
P. Weaver, J. McBride
This paper presents new results on the magnetic and atmospheric environment in the arc chamber of a miniature circuit breaker under short circuit conditions. Finite element magnetic field calculations provide data on the flux density in the arc chamber and the effects of steel plates placed around the arc chamber. The magnetic calculations are used with a one-dimensional flow model to assess the influence of the magnetic environment on the arc dynamics. The results are compared with new experimental data on arc dynamics obtained using an optical fibre imaging system in a production miniature circuit breaker. Additional information on the environment within the arc chamber is supplied by pressure and conductance measurements. Results show that the presence of steel in the sides of the arc chamber has a large effect on the magnetic field and the arc dynamics. Plasma jet and pressure wave formation have a significant effect on atmospheric conditions in the arc chamber.
{"title":"Magnetic and gas dynamic effects on arc motion in miniature circuit breakers","authors":"P. Weaver, J. McBride","doi":"10.1109/HOLM.1993.489663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HOLM.1993.489663","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents new results on the magnetic and atmospheric environment in the arc chamber of a miniature circuit breaker under short circuit conditions. Finite element magnetic field calculations provide data on the flux density in the arc chamber and the effects of steel plates placed around the arc chamber. The magnetic calculations are used with a one-dimensional flow model to assess the influence of the magnetic environment on the arc dynamics. The results are compared with new experimental data on arc dynamics obtained using an optical fibre imaging system in a production miniature circuit breaker. Additional information on the environment within the arc chamber is supplied by pressure and conductance measurements. Results show that the presence of steel in the sides of the arc chamber has a large effect on the magnetic field and the arc dynamics. Plasma jet and pressure wave formation have a significant effect on atmospheric conditions in the arc chamber.","PeriodicalId":11624,"journal":{"name":"Electrical Contacts - 2007 Proceedings of the 53rd IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87644275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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