Egyptian Journal of Petroleum最新文献

Industrial effluents are produced in large quantities in underdeveloped nations, where they cannot be handled using conventional treatment techniques. In this study, hydroxyl radicals (HO^•) were successfully generated for the treatment of industrial wastewater represented in TOC removals by combining a ferrous catalyst with hydrogen peroxide in the Fenton reaction. The effects of operating conditions of pH, ferrous dose, H₂O₂ dose, time, and initial TOC concentration were studied for the Fenton process and different operating parameters were studied for the coagulation process to optimize and control the removal efficiency. The results showed that Fenton oxidation processes are able to reduce about 86 % for initial TOC level of 2000 and 95 % for initial TOC level of 400 after using 0.15 g/L ferrous dose, 10 mL/L of 30 % H₂O₂ for 30 min at acidic pH 4. Finally, this study recommends removing organic materials from industrial effluent using the Fenton oxidation method.

Two different phosphine sulfide derivatives have been explored as electroactive materials to modify carbon paste electrodes for the accurate detection of uranyl(II) ions. The optimized electrodes based on triphenylphosphine sulfide (L¹) and triisobutylphosphine sulfide (L²) responded linearly towards uranyl(II) ions within the range of 1.0 × 10^-7 – 1.0 × 10^-1 M. Good sensitivity (29.32 ± 0.53 and 27.99 ± 0.61 mV per decade) and detection capability up to 7.9 × 10^-8 and 1.0 × 10^-7 M uranyl(II) were observed for L¹- and L²-based electrodes, respectively. The effect of solution temperature on uranyl(II) determination was studied within 10–60 °C. Selectivity studies showed that the electrodes are capable to discriminate uranyl(II) ions over a large number of possible co-existing inorganic interferents. Moreover, they exhibited speedy response, thermal and long-term stability, and significant reusability. Petroleum water samples spiked with uranyl(II) ions were analyzed utilizing the developed electrodes where good recovery and accuracy were achieved, demonstrating the real-life applicability of the developed electrodes.

A photo-catalyst with conducting polymers doped with titanium dioxide, known as TiO₂ quantum dots (TiO₂ QDs), has a high efficiency for photocatalytic usage. The organic hue methyl orange was broken down in the current study using polyaniline (PANI) and polyaniline titanium dioxide quantum dots (PANI-TiO₂ QDs) polymers. PANI and PANI-TiO₂ QDs have been produced by chemical oxidative polymerization in an aqueous solution. By characterization of PANI-TiO₂ QDs nanocomposites using ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), it was demonstrated that the chemical structure of polymer composites had not changed after being doped with TiO₂ QDs. To determine the form, size, surface area, and thermal analyses of the produced PANI-TiO₂ QDs samples, EDX, BET, and TGA were used. The photocatalytic activity of the PANI-TiO₂ QDs in the photo-degradation of methyl orange dye as an organic hazardous chemical in an aqueous medium was assessed using a 50-watt xenon lamp light source and direct sunlight. PANI-TiO₂ QDs demonstrated high photocatalytic properties, with a 93% efficiency, as opposed to 35% and 60.1%, respectively, for PANI and TiO₂ QDs. When PANI, titanium dioxide quantum dots, and PANI-TiO₂ QDs are present during the recycling processes in the presence of all created samples up to four times, the photo-degradation rate decreases by about 50.2%, 15.4%, and 17.4%, respectively.

Green synthesis has become very significant for sustainable development and health concern. The multicomponent is applied as an eco-friendly procedure to synthesize N-((2-aminoethyl) carbamothioyl) acrylamide (ACA). The structure of ACA is verified using FTIR and ¹HNMR spectroscopy. The inhibitory effect of ACA for carbon steel in 1 M HCl is assessed using electrochemical measurements and weight loss. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model fits the inhibitive effect caused by adsorption on the metal surface. Additionally, the surface morphology is examined using SEM and AFM. The photos demonstrate a smoothing of the protective surface and a 0.45 nm reduction in average roughness. Different quantum descriptors using DFT theory were calculated and found to be corroborated with the experimental results. By creating successive resistive adsorption films, the ACA, at a concentration of 10⁻³ M, protects the carbon steel in 1MHCl with a 97% efficiency as a mixed-type inhibitor.

Vinylester-glass fiber composites have a wide scale of applications, however the combination between multiple fillers can cause some disadvantages due to complicated processing, high cost and incompatibility. This paper presents a novel trial for filling commercial vinylester (VE) resin with glass fiber (GF), as one filler component, in dual directions to prepare water pipe composite using the continuous winding technique, for the first time. 10% to 25% VE-GF composites were prepared with distributing GF in axial and hoop directions. The composites were cured via in-situ polymerization; the crosslinked network is occurred between catalyst and unsaturation sites in prepolymer. All concentrations show stability in all stages of thermal degradation, compared with blank VE; the more stable composite is 25% VE-GF. GF filled in axial and hoop directions enhanced the mechanical strength of both axes. The improved concentration (20% VE-GF composite) increased axial tensile strength and hoop tensile strength respectively to 32 MPa and 51 MPa, compared with 22 MPa and 42 MPa for blank VE. Furthermore, this concentration enhanced the strengths of surface harness and pull off from 39 BHC and 2.2 MPa to 46 BHC and 5.3 MPa, respectively. The 25% VE-GF composite decreased these values, but still higher than blank. GF improved the resistance of vinylester toward water absorption in different immersion conditions, especially the 25% VE-GF composites. The filling direction doesn’t affect the composite stability. As a key issue for sustainable applied polymer composites, the proposed technique presents stable and low cost composite with one filler type, as physically, thermally and mechanically stable water pipe system.

This article presents a new method for preparing enhanced cation exchange membrane (CEM) for water treatment using cellulose biopolymer. The preparation methodology of CEM membranes was performed in two steps; functionalization followed by fabrication. Firstly, cellulose powder was functionalized with trichloroacetic acid at different reaction times to prepare carboxymethyl tricellulose (CMTC). In the second step, the exchange memberane was fabricated via phase inversion technique using the functionalized cellulosic material and polyethylene glycol as a pore former. The prepared CEM was fully characterized using FTIR, SEM, mechanical properties, and degree of substitution (DS) determination. The morphological microstructure of the CEM membrane was investigated and discussed. The microstructural analysis by FTIR confirmed the functionalization process. The tensile values obtained at different reaction times showed the effectiveness of using trichloroacetic acid in the carboxymethylation and consequently, the stability of the obtained functionalized cellulose. The obtained DS values are higher than that of the commercial CMC and also the published values. It has been observed that the prepared CEM have an average DS value of 1.5 and therefore much higher than the DS value of commercial CMC whose DS ranges between 0.7 and 1.2. The prepared CEM membranes were morphologically investigated by SEM. The SEM photos showed homogeneously distributed small pores on the entire surface of the membrane, and its cross-section is a multilayer with large pores.

The magnetic susceptibility is a reflection of minerals like the iron oxide that affect the pore system. This work applied the magnetic susceptibility as an effective indicator of reservoir quality. A total of (38) sandstone samples were collected from the Nubia Group exposed in Northeast Aswan, representing the Sabaya, Abu Agag and Um Bramil Formations. The samples were petrophysically examined in terms of porosity, grain density, bulk density, permeability and magnetic susceptibility (κ). Reservoir quality index (RQI) and distribution of the sample within the Global Hydraulic Elements (GHEs) were determined. Several relations constructed between (κ) as a function of iron oxides and the measured properties. The results showed Sabaya and Abu Agag samples are characterized by the highest average values of κ, (287 & 219SI) respectively, matched with the lowest average values of porosity, permeability, RQI and the highest average values of grain & bulk density, hence most samples lie in the lower quality zones (GHE-1, 2, 3 and 4). On the contrary, the lowest average value of (κ) is (37.9 SI) for Um Bramil samples, matched with the highest average values of porosity, permeability, RQI and the lowest average values of grain & bulk density, hence most samples lie in the higher quality zones (GHE-6, 7 and 8). Petrographic description showed the tight and wide pore system relation to the magnetic susceptibility values. The novelty here is utilizing the magnetic susceptibility as an effective pointer for the reservoir quality expectation and classification into hydraulic units.

Photocatalysis has recently been shown to be a good way to get rid of pollutants and produce hydrogen. MnFe₂O₄@g-C₃N₄ was synthesized by solid state synthesis technique. In addition to producing hydrogen, MnFe₂O₄@g-C₃N₄ demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic performance for the decay of pesticides under visible illumination. The morphology and structure of MnFe₂O₄@g-C₃N₄ were approved using Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). Morover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV–vis DRS, and surface area (BET). Based on the degradation of the carbaryl contaminant, the photocatalytic action of MnFe₂O₄@g-C₃N₄ was evaluated (94%). We for the first time could generate hydrogen by MnFe₂O₄@g-C₃N₄ and develop its photocatalytic activities by expanding the surface area and narrowing the band gap value (1.7 eV) and a great surface area of 53.46 m²/g, as displayed by the outcomes.

Three Gemini amphiphiles had prepared through reaction of amide of succinic acid with different bromo olefins. Their chemical structure was emphasized different spectroscopic methods. the surface tension measurements were investigated at 20, 40 and 60 °C. The Gemini surfactant with the longest tail clarified enhancement of surface parameters values with elevating mixture temperature.

Both (ΔG^o_ads) & (ΔG^o_mic) data are negative, providing spontaneously occurrence of adsorption and micellization processes while the positivity of (ΔS^o_ads) &(ΔS^o_mic) revealing more order for both processes. Thermodynamic behaviour increases by raising chain length. All of fabricated amphiphiles exhibited antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.

Organic inhibitors are normally used to inhibit the corrosion of metals or alloys in an aqueous environment. The anti-corrosive property of 5((6-Methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4yl)thiomethyl)-2((N-(3-methyl-quinoxalin-2(1H)one)yl) methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (MOD) on mild steel (MS) was studied. Which acts as a novel corrosion inhibitor for MS in 0.5 M Hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution and corrosion behavior in the temperature range of 303–323 K, without and with the MOD inhibitor, was calculated using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and weight loss measurements. The surface topography of mild steel with, and without MOD was investigated by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. The inhibitory efficiency increases with an increase in MOD (50 ppm) concentration and showed a maximum of 84.85% in 0.5 M HCl at 303 K. The variation in kinetic and thermodynamic properties of MOD on MS indicates chemisorption and its mixed kind of inhibition activity followed by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The experimental results are supported by Density functional theory (DFT) simulations, indicating a potential corrosion inhibition behaviour of MOD on MS in acidic environments. A suitable mechanism for the corrosion inhibition of mild steel was put forth. The corrosion inhibition mechanism of mild steel was discussed. Mild steel is a low-cost engineering material that can be regularly used for various applications such as construction, advertising, vehicles, furniture, fencing, and more in various conditions, including mild acidic ones with a little caution.