Pub Date : 2024-04-21DOI: 10.30684/etj.2024.147130.1704
Ipilakyaa Daniel, Tile Emmanuel, Nyior G. Bem, G. Terfa
The characterization of raffia palm fibre (RPF) for reinforcement in polymer composite for specialized applications was studied. The fibres were treated with NaOH solution and subjected to a tensile strength test. The fibres were also subjected to spectroscopy using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The study found that the alkaline-treated RPF presented a tensile strength of 195 MPa and Young’s modulus of 91.76 MPa. The strain at maximum stress in the fibre was found to be 2.125%. FTIR spectra of treated raffia palm fibres revealed that the fibres are characterized by O-H and C-H stretching. There is the presence of carboxylic acids, functional groups of methyl (CH 3 ), methylene (CH 2 ), and aliphatic saturated (CH) compounds. There was no observed peak at around 1000 cm -1 to 650 cm -1 bands characterized as the C-H ―oop‖ bond structure of a functional group of aromatics. The absence of a peak in the range indicates that the alkaline treatment of RPF has been effective, as evidenced by the absence of smell. EDXRF showed significant Ca, Fe, and K concentrations in raffia palm fibres. The XRD results show that RPF is semi-crystalline, with the crystalline index estimated at 57.3%. Therefore, RPF can be used as potential reinforcement in polymer composite applications where moderate strength and stiffness are required. From the spectroscopy, RPF is safe for deployment as an alternative source of reinforcement in polymer composites, especially for developing biomedical applications such as prosthetics and wheelchairs.
{"title":"Characterization of alkaline treated raffia palm fibres as reinforcement in polymer composite","authors":"Ipilakyaa Daniel, Tile Emmanuel, Nyior G. Bem, G. Terfa","doi":"10.30684/etj.2024.147130.1704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2024.147130.1704","url":null,"abstract":"The characterization of raffia palm fibre (RPF) for reinforcement in polymer composite for specialized applications was studied. The fibres were treated with NaOH solution and subjected to a tensile strength test. The fibres were also subjected to spectroscopy using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The study found that the alkaline-treated RPF presented a tensile strength of 195 MPa and Young’s modulus of 91.76 MPa. The strain at maximum stress in the fibre was found to be 2.125%. FTIR spectra of treated raffia palm fibres revealed that the fibres are characterized by O-H and C-H stretching. There is the presence of carboxylic acids, functional groups of methyl (CH 3 ), methylene (CH 2 ), and aliphatic saturated (CH) compounds. There was no observed peak at around 1000 cm -1 to 650 cm -1 bands characterized as the C-H ―oop‖ bond structure of a functional group of aromatics. The absence of a peak in the range indicates that the alkaline treatment of RPF has been effective, as evidenced by the absence of smell. EDXRF showed significant Ca, Fe, and K concentrations in raffia palm fibres. The XRD results show that RPF is semi-crystalline, with the crystalline index estimated at 57.3%. Therefore, RPF can be used as potential reinforcement in polymer composite applications where moderate strength and stiffness are required. From the spectroscopy, RPF is safe for deployment as an alternative source of reinforcement in polymer composites, especially for developing biomedical applications such as prosthetics and wheelchairs.","PeriodicalId":11630,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"112 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140678326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.30684/etj.2024.145778.1663
Tamara Abood, Kadium Shabeeb, Aseel B Alzubaydi, P. Goh, Ahmad Ismail, Adel Zrelli, Q. Alsalhy
water treatment due to its high efficacy and minimal energy consumption. This study made a nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane out of MXene Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets, a new two-dimensional material, to improve the antifouling properties of PVDF membranes. It was possible to incorporate the nanosheets into the membrane structure through in situ embedment during the phase inversion process. To learn more about them, the study investigated the membranes using FESEM, FTIR, water contact angle (CA), and porosity measurements. The application of common flux and rejection tests assessed the manufactured membranes' performance. Adding MXene Ti 3 C 2 to membranes made them less hydrophobic than the original membrane that wasn't mixed with anything else. The porosity and pore size of the membrane exhibit an increase in the MXene ratio. The mixed matrix membrane containing 0.5 wt% of Ti 3 C 2 (M3) exhibited the lowest contact angle (CA). The modification of membrane characteristics has a positive impact on their overall performance. The membrane exhibiting the greatest porosity, specifically 0.5 wt% of Ti 3 C 2 , N5, demonstrated the highest flux rates for pure water and protein solution, measuring 538 L/m 2 .h and 467.8 L/m 2 .h, respectively. The membrane with the highest hydrophilicity, which was labeled as M3, had much better protein rejection and flux recovery rates than the pure membrane. Specifically, the recorded values for M3 were 96.6, whereas the corresponding values for the pristine membrane were 59.6. MXene Ti 3 C 2 has some interesting properties, such as better water permeability, protein rejection, and excellent antifouling abilities, which makes it a possible material for changing antifouling membranes.
水处理技术，因其功效高、能耗低而备受青睐。本研究利用新型二维材料 MXene Ti 3 C 2 纳米片制成纳米复合超滤膜，以改善 PVDF 膜的防污性能。通过在相反转过程中原位嵌入纳米片，可以将其纳入膜结构中。为了更深入地了解纳米片，该研究使用 FESEM、FTIR、水接触角 (CA) 和孔隙率测量方法对膜进行了研究。应用常见的通量和排斥测试评估了制造的膜的性能。在膜中添加 MXene Ti 3 C 2 后，膜的疏水性比未添加任何其他物质的原膜要差。膜的孔隙率和孔径随着 MXene 比率的增加而增加。含有 0.5 wt% Ti 3 C 2 的混合基质膜（M3）的接触角（CA）最小。膜特性的改变对其整体性能有积极影响。孔隙率最大的膜，特别是含 0.5 wt% Ti 3 C 2 的膜 N5，在纯水和蛋白质溶液中的通量率最高，分别为 538 L/m 2 .h 和 467.8 L/m 2 .h。亲水性最高的膜被标记为 M3，它的蛋白质排斥率和通量恢复率要比纯净膜好得多。具体来说，M3 的记录值为 96.6，而原始膜的相应值为 59.6。MXene Ti 3 C 2 具有一些有趣的特性，如更好的透水性、蛋白质排斥性和出色的防污能力，这使其成为一种可用于改变防污膜的材料。
{"title":"Effect of MXene Ti3C2 on the PVDF ultrafiltration membrane properties and performance","authors":"Tamara Abood, Kadium Shabeeb, Aseel B Alzubaydi, P. Goh, Ahmad Ismail, Adel Zrelli, Q. Alsalhy","doi":"10.30684/etj.2024.145778.1663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2024.145778.1663","url":null,"abstract":"water treatment due to its high efficacy and minimal energy consumption. This study made a nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane out of MXene Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets, a new two-dimensional material, to improve the antifouling properties of PVDF membranes. It was possible to incorporate the nanosheets into the membrane structure through in situ embedment during the phase inversion process. To learn more about them, the study investigated the membranes using FESEM, FTIR, water contact angle (CA), and porosity measurements. The application of common flux and rejection tests assessed the manufactured membranes' performance. Adding MXene Ti 3 C 2 to membranes made them less hydrophobic than the original membrane that wasn't mixed with anything else. The porosity and pore size of the membrane exhibit an increase in the MXene ratio. The mixed matrix membrane containing 0.5 wt% of Ti 3 C 2 (M3) exhibited the lowest contact angle (CA). The modification of membrane characteristics has a positive impact on their overall performance. The membrane exhibiting the greatest porosity, specifically 0.5 wt% of Ti 3 C 2 , N5, demonstrated the highest flux rates for pure water and protein solution, measuring 538 L/m 2 .h and 467.8 L/m 2 .h, respectively. The membrane with the highest hydrophilicity, which was labeled as M3, had much better protein rejection and flux recovery rates than the pure membrane. Specifically, the recorded values for M3 were 96.6, whereas the corresponding values for the pristine membrane were 59.6. MXene Ti 3 C 2 has some interesting properties, such as better water permeability, protein rejection, and excellent antifouling abilities, which makes it a possible material for changing antifouling membranes.","PeriodicalId":11630,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"347 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140698349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Gibbran Madani, Muhammad Isradi, A. Hidayat, Kukuh Mahi Sudrajat, H. Firdaus, J. Prasetijo
Trans Metro Pasundan is an integrated highway bus system serving the Greater Bandung metropolitan area, West Java. This service is a program from the Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia through the Directorate General of Land Transportation, and Bandung is the eighth service after Makassar and Banyumas in the Bus Friends Buy the Service (BTS) service purchasing program. The purpose of this study is to assess the operational performance and user satisfaction of the Trans Metro Pasundan Corridor 2 Greater Bandung transportation system, as well as to identify service conditions based on World Bank standards and Ministerial Regulation No. 29 of 2015. A sample of 105 respondents was selected from a population of 369,320 Trans Metro Pasundan Corridor 2 passengers using the Slovin's formula. The research findings indicate that the load factor and travel time meet the standards, although some load factors do not meet the criteria. Priorities for improving passenger satisfaction include providing facilities at shelters/stops, availability of polls, among others. The Customer Satisfaction Index of 73.078 suggests that passengers are "Satisfied" with the service performance.
Trans Metro Pasundan 是服务于西爪哇大万隆都市区的综合公路巴士系统。该服务是印度尼西亚共和国交通部通过陆路交通总局实施的一项计划，万隆是继望加锡和班尤马斯之后的第八个 "巴士之友购买服务（BTS）"服务购买项目。本研究旨在评估 Trans Metro Pasundan Corridor 2 大万隆交通系统的运营绩效和用户满意度，并根据世界银行标准和 2015 年第 29 号部级法规确定服务条件。采用斯洛文公式从 369320 名 Trans Metro Pasundan Corridor 2 乘客中抽取了 105 名受访者。研究结果表明，载客率和旅行时间符合标准，但部分载客率不符合标准。提高乘客满意度的优先事项包括在候车亭/车站提供设施、提供投票等。乘客满意度指数为 73.078，表明乘客对服务表现 "满意"。
{"title":"Analysis of Service Level of Trans Metro Pasundan Bandung Raya Corridor 2 Based on Importance Performance Analysis and Customer Satisfaction Index","authors":"Muhammad Gibbran Madani, Muhammad Isradi, A. Hidayat, Kukuh Mahi Sudrajat, H. Firdaus, J. Prasetijo","doi":"10.47191/etj/v9i04.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v9i04.06","url":null,"abstract":"Trans Metro Pasundan is an integrated highway bus system serving the Greater Bandung metropolitan area, West Java. This service is a program from the Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia through the Directorate General of Land Transportation, and Bandung is the eighth service after Makassar and Banyumas in the Bus Friends Buy the Service (BTS) service purchasing program. The purpose of this study is to assess the operational performance and user satisfaction of the Trans Metro Pasundan Corridor 2 Greater Bandung transportation system, as well as to identify service conditions based on World Bank standards and Ministerial Regulation No. 29 of 2015. A sample of 105 respondents was selected from a population of 369,320 Trans Metro Pasundan Corridor 2 passengers using the Slovin's formula. The research findings indicate that the load factor and travel time meet the standards, although some load factors do not meet the criteria. Priorities for improving passenger satisfaction include providing facilities at shelters/stops, availability of polls, among others. The Customer Satisfaction Index of 73.078 suggests that passengers are \"Satisfied\" with the service performance.","PeriodicalId":11630,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"58 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorfri Boike Sinaga, M. Irsyad, Ahmad Yonanda, Gusri Akhyar Ibrahim, David Sinaga, Tri Topan
This paper presents the results of a study on the effect of blade height on the efficiency of a free-vortex water turbine. Laboratory experimentation was conducted to find the shaft power generation and the efficiency of the turbine. Water turbines with six blades and four different heights (208 mm, 248 mm, 288 mm, and 320 mm) were built and tested to determine the most appropriate blade height. The turbines were tested in a conical basin with inlet and outlet diameters of 600 mm and 100 mm and a height of 800 mm, at volume flow rates of 0.0088 m³/s, 0.0105 m³/s, and 0.0108 m³/s. The results showed that the turbine with a blade height of 288 mm was the most appropriate, yielding the highest efficiency of 30,46% at a water flow rate of 0.0108 m³/s.
{"title":"The Effects of Blade Height on the Efficiency of Gravitational Water Vortex Turbine","authors":"Jorfri Boike Sinaga, M. Irsyad, Ahmad Yonanda, Gusri Akhyar Ibrahim, David Sinaga, Tri Topan","doi":"10.47191/etj/v9i04.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v9i04.07","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a study on the effect of blade height on the efficiency of a free-vortex water turbine. Laboratory experimentation was conducted to find the shaft power generation and the efficiency of the turbine. Water turbines with six blades and four different heights (208 mm, 248 mm, 288 mm, and 320 mm) were built and tested to determine the most appropriate blade height. The turbines were tested in a conical basin with inlet and outlet diameters of 600 mm and 100 mm and a height of 800 mm, at volume flow rates of 0.0088 m³/s, 0.0105 m³/s, and 0.0108 m³/s. The results showed that the turbine with a blade height of 288 mm was the most appropriate, yielding the highest efficiency of 30,46% at a water flow rate of 0.0108 m³/s.","PeriodicalId":11630,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.30684/etj.2024.146884.1695
Ubong Robert, S. Etuk, O. Agbasi, Prosperity Ambrose, Rowland Adewumi
,
,
{"title":"Recycling of waste papers: yield and quality of the ash-derived materials","authors":"Ubong Robert, S. Etuk, O. Agbasi, Prosperity Ambrose, Rowland Adewumi","doi":"10.30684/etj.2024.146884.1695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2024.146884.1695","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":11630,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"20 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140702021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microplastics ( MPs ) pollution has become a global persistent pollution problem and endangers human health, so it has received widespread attention from the public. Therefore, it is of great significance to find accurate and efficient microplastic pollution detection methods in the field of environmental protection. In this paper, the common processing and detection methods of microplastics are described, which provides a reference for future research on microplastics.
{"title":"Research Progress of Microplastics","authors":"Wu Zhen","doi":"10.47191/etj/v9i04.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v9i04.05","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics ( MPs ) pollution has become a global persistent pollution problem and endangers human health, so it has received widespread attention from the public. Therefore, it is of great significance to find accurate and efficient microplastic pollution detection methods in the field of environmental protection. In this paper, the common processing and detection methods of microplastics are described, which provides a reference for future research on microplastics.","PeriodicalId":11630,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"14 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140699793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.30684/etj.2024.145648.1657
Mariam Murad, W. Alawee, H. Dhahad, Z. Omara, M. Fayad
This comprehensive research paper reviews the latest techniques to enhance the productivity of double-slope solar stills by providing quantitative data on key research outcomes. With the global water scarcity crisis and the need for effective desalination technology, this study focuses on solar-based desalination techniques and their specific application in double-slope solar stills. This paper offers a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of heat addition methods in double-slope solar stills by examining published research findings, providing valuable insights for researchers and practitioners. The study reveals significant improvements in productivity through various modifications. Evaporation enhancement, heat transfer enhancement, and condensation enhancement have proven to be highly effective, resulting in substantial increases in water production. The use of thermoelectric modules in double-slope solar stills has shown a remarkable 250% increase in water production by heating the water in the basin, which enhances evaporation rates and condensation on the glass cover. Moreover, the integration of Evacuated Tube Collectors (ETCs) has demonstrated a notable improvement in double-slope solar stills' life cycle conversion efficiency. The system incorporating ETCs achieved an impressive 59.42% higher efficiency than a system without ETCs, primarily due to the enhanced thermal input provided by ETCs to the solar still's basin. Another significant finding is the six-fold increase in water production achieved by implementing the double-slope solar still with a PV heater (CSSPVH) compared to conventional solar stills (CSS). This substantial improvement positions the CSSPVH design as a highly efficient solution for long-term potable water generation. Furthermore, adding a water heater to the base tank of a solar still has been found to raise water temperature quickly, resulting in a significant boost in production by approximately 370%. However, it is important to note that productivity decreases with increasing wind speed. Even with an outer cooling fan to cool the solar still's glass surface, productivity is reduced by 4% and 8% for wind speeds of 7 m/s and 9 m/s, respectively.
{"title":"Enhancing performance of Double-Slope solar stills through optimization of heat addition methods: a comprehensive analysis","authors":"Mariam Murad, W. Alawee, H. Dhahad, Z. Omara, M. Fayad","doi":"10.30684/etj.2024.145648.1657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2024.145648.1657","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive research paper reviews the latest techniques to enhance the productivity of double-slope solar stills by providing quantitative data on key research outcomes. With the global water scarcity crisis and the need for effective desalination technology, this study focuses on solar-based desalination techniques and their specific application in double-slope solar stills. This paper offers a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of heat addition methods in double-slope solar stills by examining published research findings, providing valuable insights for researchers and practitioners. The study reveals significant improvements in productivity through various modifications. Evaporation enhancement, heat transfer enhancement, and condensation enhancement have proven to be highly effective, resulting in substantial increases in water production. The use of thermoelectric modules in double-slope solar stills has shown a remarkable 250% increase in water production by heating the water in the basin, which enhances evaporation rates and condensation on the glass cover. Moreover, the integration of Evacuated Tube Collectors (ETCs) has demonstrated a notable improvement in double-slope solar stills' life cycle conversion efficiency. The system incorporating ETCs achieved an impressive 59.42% higher efficiency than a system without ETCs, primarily due to the enhanced thermal input provided by ETCs to the solar still's basin. Another significant finding is the six-fold increase in water production achieved by implementing the double-slope solar still with a PV heater (CSSPVH) compared to conventional solar stills (CSS). This substantial improvement positions the CSSPVH design as a highly efficient solution for long-term potable water generation. Furthermore, adding a water heater to the base tank of a solar still has been found to raise water temperature quickly, resulting in a significant boost in production by approximately 370%. However, it is important to note that productivity decreases with increasing wind speed. Even with an outer cooling fan to cool the solar still's glass surface, productivity is reduced by 4% and 8% for wind speeds of 7 m/s and 9 m/s, respectively.","PeriodicalId":11630,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"280 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140704099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-14DOI: 10.30684/etj.2024.146281.1677
Hunar M. Ali, H. Lafta, Ayad F. Shahab
The present study delves into the incremental hole flanging process applied to AA1050 and DC01 sheet metals with 0.7 and 1 mm thicknesses. Employing a distinctive lathe-based fixture, the process utilizes a proposed tool profile and fixture incorporating mutually spinning and rolling motions. The investigation covers three forming angles (72°, 90°, and 45°) and three different rotational forming speeds (170, 350, and 525 RPM). The primary objective is to assess the impact of tool forming angle, forming speeds on microhardness, thickness ratio, and forming limit diagram. The study employs a microhardness test, measurements of flange height, and final thickness. Results revealed hardness and thickness variations depending on material type sheet thickness, showing a critical forming speed at which a critical change in variation trend occurs irrespective of forming angle. Forming speed and tool profile were selected carefully to produce a maximum forming limit and a large amount of plastic deformation with no failure of metals. Hardness distribution experienced smooth variation, and the maximum increase in post hardness didn’t exceed 73% without evidence of crack formation at the end of the process. As well as the thickness distribution shows a uniform variation along the flange profile with a maximum thickness reduction of 40% and 51% for 1 mm DC01 and AA1050 sheets, respectively. Finally, based on the proposed tool geometry and holding arrangement adopted in the present work, results indicated a good enhancement in forming limit is satisfied with no obvious large thinning occurring due to change in deformation modes can be used successfully in incremental hole flanging process.
{"title":"Effect of tool profile on micro hardness, forming limit, and final thickness in incremental hole flanging process of DC01 steel and AA1050 sheet metals","authors":"Hunar M. Ali, H. Lafta, Ayad F. Shahab","doi":"10.30684/etj.2024.146281.1677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2024.146281.1677","url":null,"abstract":"The present study delves into the incremental hole flanging process applied to AA1050 and DC01 sheet metals with 0.7 and 1 mm thicknesses. Employing a distinctive lathe-based fixture, the process utilizes a proposed tool profile and fixture incorporating mutually spinning and rolling motions. The investigation covers three forming angles (72°, 90°, and 45°) and three different rotational forming speeds (170, 350, and 525 RPM). The primary objective is to assess the impact of tool forming angle, forming speeds on microhardness, thickness ratio, and forming limit diagram. The study employs a microhardness test, measurements of flange height, and final thickness. Results revealed hardness and thickness variations depending on material type sheet thickness, showing a critical forming speed at which a critical change in variation trend occurs irrespective of forming angle. Forming speed and tool profile were selected carefully to produce a maximum forming limit and a large amount of plastic deformation with no failure of metals. Hardness distribution experienced smooth variation, and the maximum increase in post hardness didn’t exceed 73% without evidence of crack formation at the end of the process. As well as the thickness distribution shows a uniform variation along the flange profile with a maximum thickness reduction of 40% and 51% for 1 mm DC01 and AA1050 sheets, respectively. Finally, based on the proposed tool geometry and holding arrangement adopted in the present work, results indicated a good enhancement in forming limit is satisfied with no obvious large thinning occurring due to change in deformation modes can be used successfully in incremental hole flanging process.","PeriodicalId":11630,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"226 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140704157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.30684/etj.2024.144841.1646
Ahmed Zarzoor, Alaa Jaber, A. Shandookh
and 3D Printing-enhanced Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing (LSAM), are examined in detail for complex and large-scale wind turbine blade production. Materials used in 3D printing wind turbine blades, such as thermoplastic composites, epoxy resins, and fiber-reinforced polymers, are assessed with a focus on their mechanical strength, durability, and environmental considerations. Furthermore, the importance of design optimization and customization for wind turbine blades, including aerodynamic and structural design optimization, is emphasized. Customization for site-specific conditions, infill structural optimization, and infill printing speed and cost are also discussed. The review highlights the importance of structural optimization in developing efficient and cost-effective 3D-printed wind turbine blades, customization for site-specific conditions, and infill structure. The review also mentions these technologies' challenges, such as material limitations, surface finish quality, size limitations, and structural integrity. Therefore, addressing these challenges to utilize these technologies' potential fully is crucial.
和三维打印增强型大规模增材制造（LSAM），对复杂的大规模风力涡轮机叶片生产进行了详细研究。评估了用于三维打印风力涡轮机叶片的材料，如热塑性复合材料、环氧树脂和纤维增强聚合物，重点关注其机械强度、耐用性和环境因素。此外，还强调了风力涡轮机叶片设计优化和定制的重要性，包括空气动力学和结构设计优化。此外，还讨论了针对现场特定条件的定制、填充结构优化以及填充印刷速度和成本。综述强调了结构优化在开发高效且具有成本效益的 3D 打印风力涡轮机叶片、针对特定场地条件的定制以及填充结构方面的重要性。综述还提到了这些技术面临的挑战，如材料限制、表面加工质量、尺寸限制和结构完整性。因此，应对这些挑战以充分发挥这些技术的潜力至关重要。
{"title":"3D Printing for wind turbine blade manufacturing: a review of materials, design optimization, and challenges","authors":"Ahmed Zarzoor, Alaa Jaber, A. Shandookh","doi":"10.30684/etj.2024.144841.1646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2024.144841.1646","url":null,"abstract":"and 3D Printing-enhanced Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing (LSAM), are examined in detail for complex and large-scale wind turbine blade production. Materials used in 3D printing wind turbine blades, such as thermoplastic composites, epoxy resins, and fiber-reinforced polymers, are assessed with a focus on their mechanical strength, durability, and environmental considerations. Furthermore, the importance of design optimization and customization for wind turbine blades, including aerodynamic and structural design optimization, is emphasized. Customization for site-specific conditions, infill structural optimization, and infill printing speed and cost are also discussed. The review highlights the importance of structural optimization in developing efficient and cost-effective 3D-printed wind turbine blades, customization for site-specific conditions, and infill structure. The review also mentions these technologies' challenges, such as material limitations, surface finish quality, size limitations, and structural integrity. Therefore, addressing these challenges to utilize these technologies' potential fully is crucial.","PeriodicalId":11630,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140710178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aswan Tajuddin, Oktavian Satria Nugroho, Rindu Krisnagita Djumanta
The design structure of an aircraft is highly dependent on load factors. The loads acting on the wing of an airplane include aerodynamic loads, fuel weight and loads due to the weight of the wing structure. But of all the loads that work, aerodynamic loading is the largest load that must be accepted by the wing of the entire aircraft structure which is influenced by the pressure distribution. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of pressure distribution on the NACA 653-218 airfoil at various variations of angle of attack with a comparison using wind tunnel experimental trials using solidwork software simulations. The largest pressure distribution generated based on wind tunnel experimental trials is at an Angle of Attack of 15 ° of 101326.73pa on the Upper Surface Airfoil, while the largest pressure distribution generated based on solidwork software simulations is at an Angle of Attack of 15 ° of 101690.01pa on the lower Surface Airfoil.
{"title":"Analysis of Pressure Distribution on Airfoil 653-218 Based on Comparison of Suryadarma Low Speed Tunnel with Solidwork Software","authors":"Aswan Tajuddin, Oktavian Satria Nugroho, Rindu Krisnagita Djumanta","doi":"10.47191/etj/v9i04.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v9i04.04","url":null,"abstract":"The design structure of an aircraft is highly dependent on load factors. The loads acting on the wing of an airplane include aerodynamic loads, fuel weight and loads due to the weight of the wing structure. But of all the loads that work, aerodynamic loading is the largest load that must be accepted by the wing of the entire aircraft structure which is influenced by the pressure distribution. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of pressure distribution on the NACA 653-218 airfoil at various variations of angle of attack with a comparison using wind tunnel experimental trials using solidwork software simulations. The largest pressure distribution generated based on wind tunnel experimental trials is at an Angle of Attack of 15 ° of 101326.73pa on the Upper Surface Airfoil, while the largest pressure distribution generated based on solidwork software simulations is at an Angle of Attack of 15 ° of 101690.01pa on the lower Surface Airfoil.","PeriodicalId":11630,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Technology Journal","volume":"46 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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