The complexity of the vapour intrusion (VI) transport pathway has received an ever-increased interest worldwide, and an improved and consolidated understanding of the VI issue requires collaboration between international research groups. This study uses the social network analysis methodology, applied to bibliometric authorship for VI research, to discover trends in collaboration, identify lead scientists, organisations, and countries. Furthermore, some of the external factors influencing the collaboration and productivity were assessed. The data suggests that the global research network for VI produced over a time span of 54 years 566 publications via 157 sources. The research network is composed of 437 organisations and 1053 authors from 33 countries. This suggests an increasingly active international collaborative research effort. However, inter-continental cooperation is much less than continental. The top five most central countries in the network are the USA, followed by Canada, China, The Netherlands, and Italy. The researchers with the most publications are from these five countries as well as the top organisations. The social network analysis conducted shows a good approximation of the collaborative structure for the key countries, organisations and researchers involved. Since 2010, the research community has become more stable.
{"title":"Global Research Collaboration for Vapour Intrusion","authors":"J. Provoost, K. Victor","doi":"10.5539/EP.V10N2P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V10N2P1","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity of the vapour intrusion (VI) transport pathway has received an ever-increased interest worldwide, and an improved and consolidated understanding of the VI issue requires collaboration between international research groups. This study uses the social network analysis methodology, applied to bibliometric authorship for VI research, to discover trends in collaboration, identify lead scientists, organisations, and countries. Furthermore, some of the external factors influencing the collaboration and productivity were assessed. The data suggests that the global research network for VI produced over a time span of 54 years 566 publications via 157 sources. The research network is composed of 437 organisations and 1053 authors from 33 countries. This suggests an increasingly active international collaborative research effort. However, inter-continental cooperation is much less than continental. The top five most central countries in the network are the USA, followed by Canada, China, The Netherlands, and Italy. The researchers with the most publications are from these five countries as well as the top organisations. The social network analysis conducted shows a good approximation of the collaborative structure for the key countries, organisations and researchers involved. Since 2010, the research community has become more stable.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79936620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High yielding farmers’ bread wheat cultivars are threatened by emerging race(s) of stripe (yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) in the highlands of Ethiopia. In depletion of rust resistance in commercial cultivars, researchers often look for new sources from close relatives and landraces. The objective of this study was to determine stripe rust resistance in selected Ethiopian bread wheat landraces obtained from the Ethiopian Institute of Biodiversity (IBCE). In 2017, a total of 152 accessions were exposed to the prevailing stripe rust races in hot spot areas (Kulumsa and Meraro) in Arsi zone of Oromia region. In the second year (2018), only promising landraces (57) were evaluated both at seedling and adult plant growth stages. The seedling test was conducted in the greenhouse at Kulumsa research center using three (PstS2 (v32), (PstS11) and (PstS11 v25) Pst races. In field evaluations, terminal severity (TRS), coefficient of infection (CI), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), disease progress rate (DPR) and head infection (HI) were considred. High disease pressure was noted with 100% severity on susceptible entries at both locations and seasons. Highly significant (P<0.001) differences were noted among the landraces for all disease parameters indicated above. Of the 152 landraces, 57(38%) exhibited lower or equal disease reaction compared to the resistant check(Enkoy) across locations. Overall, 18 accessions showed resistance to the prevailing Pst races both at seedling stage and field conditions whereas14 exhibited susceptible /intermediate reaction at seedling stage, but had lower disease reaction under field conditions. This study has identified potential sources of overall and adult plant resistance in the Ethiopian bread wheat landraces to the prevailing Pst races. The authors recommend further studies to determine the diversity and/or novelity of resistance genes in selected accessions. Future wheat improvement should focus on utilization of these genetic resources to minimize the re-current outbreak of rust diseases.
{"title":"Seedling and Adult Plant Resistance in the Ethiopian Bread Wheat Landraces to Stripe Rust Disease","authors":"F. Yirga, A. Badebo, M. Dejene","doi":"10.5539/EP.V10N1P57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V10N1P57","url":null,"abstract":"High yielding farmers’ bread wheat cultivars are threatened by emerging race(s) of stripe (yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) in the highlands of Ethiopia. In depletion of rust resistance in commercial cultivars, researchers often look for new sources from close relatives and landraces. The objective of this study was to determine stripe rust resistance in selected Ethiopian bread wheat landraces obtained from the Ethiopian Institute of Biodiversity (IBCE). In 2017, a total of 152 accessions were exposed to the prevailing stripe rust races in hot spot areas (Kulumsa and Meraro) in Arsi zone of Oromia region. In the second year (2018), only promising landraces (57) were evaluated both at seedling and adult plant growth stages. The seedling test was conducted in the greenhouse at Kulumsa research center using three (PstS2 (v32), (PstS11) and (PstS11 v25) Pst races. In field evaluations, terminal severity (TRS), coefficient of infection (CI), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), disease progress rate (DPR) and head infection (HI) were considred. High disease pressure was noted with 100% severity on susceptible entries at both locations and seasons. Highly significant (P<0.001) differences were noted among the landraces for all disease parameters indicated above. Of the 152 landraces, 57(38%) exhibited lower or equal disease reaction compared to the resistant check(Enkoy) across locations. Overall, 18 accessions showed resistance to the prevailing Pst races both at seedling stage and field conditions whereas14 exhibited susceptible /intermediate reaction at seedling stage, but had lower disease reaction under field conditions. This study has identified potential sources of overall and adult plant resistance in the Ethiopian bread wheat landraces to the prevailing Pst races. The authors recommend further studies to determine the diversity and/or novelity of resistance genes in selected accessions. Future wheat improvement should focus on utilization of these genetic resources to minimize the re-current outbreak of rust diseases.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82268104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wastewater from industrial units in the Kossodo district in the city of Ouagadougou has a physicochemical impact on the environment and the population. For several years the Kossodo area was famous for the effects of wastewater from industrial units on the environment (a foul odor). We took samples from various points of the open canals in order to determine the physico-chemical parameters of this wastewater. This choice was guided by a concern to measure the physico-chemical impact of wastewater from the open sewer in the industrial zone of Kossodo in the city of Ouagadougou on the one hand and to show the danger represented by this wastewater from industrial units on the environment and public health on the other hand. The objective also guided the choice of the parameters retained for the measurement of the physicochemical impact of the industrial units wastewater of the open sewer of Kossodo zone in the city of Ouagadougou: MES, DCO, BOD5, pH, Potassium, Sodium. The results show that the wastewater from the open sewers of the industrial units of Kossodo in the city of Ouagadougou, has a high physicochemical parameter content than the authorized discharge standard.
{"title":"Measuring the Physico-Chemical Impact of Wastewater from the Open Sewer in an Industrial Area: Case of the Kossodo Industrial Area in the City of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso","authors":"Bernard Gouba, Madjoyogo Hervé Sirima, B. Naon","doi":"10.5539/EP.V10N1P46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V10N1P46","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater from industrial units in the Kossodo district in the city of Ouagadougou has a physicochemical impact on the environment and the population. For several years the Kossodo area was famous for the effects of wastewater from industrial units on the environment (a foul odor). We took samples from various points of the open canals in order to determine the physico-chemical parameters of this wastewater. This choice was guided by a concern to measure the physico-chemical impact of wastewater from the open sewer in the industrial zone of Kossodo in the city of Ouagadougou on the one hand and to show the danger represented by this wastewater from industrial units on the environment and public health on the other hand. The objective also guided the choice of the parameters retained for the measurement of the physicochemical impact of the industrial units wastewater of the open sewer of Kossodo zone in the city of Ouagadougou: MES, DCO, BOD5, pH, Potassium, Sodium. The results show that the wastewater from the open sewers of the industrial units of Kossodo in the city of Ouagadougou, has a high physicochemical parameter content than the authorized discharge standard.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74180174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital elevation modeling (DEM) was used to determine key morphological features such as hypsometry, slopes and topographic evolution in correlation with tectonic regimes and erosion mechanisms. This contribution discusses the tectonic model of northern Tunisia, which since 1977 has been described by geologists as an allochthonous unity domain of the Serravallian-Tortonian. This study presents new data from the erosion rate calculation following the establishment of these units and then proposes another view on regional tectonics. Therefore, the example used of Oued Sedjnene gives a rising rate of the order of 0.01 mm/year, almost equivalent to the results found in surrounding medeterranean belt (ex. Italy and Turkey). The structure and geomorphology of northern Tunisia is a result of folding of Cenozoic basin. However located tangential structure are related to transcurrent faults and not overthrust structure
{"title":"Uplift Quantification and Erosion Rate Estimation in Northwestern Tunisia from Topographic and Lithologic Data","authors":"H. Saadouni, R. Alouani","doi":"10.5539/EP.V10N1P15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V10N1P15","url":null,"abstract":"Digital elevation modeling (DEM) was used to determine key morphological features such as hypsometry, slopes and topographic evolution in correlation with tectonic regimes and erosion mechanisms. This contribution discusses the tectonic model of northern Tunisia, which since 1977 has been described by geologists as an allochthonous unity domain of the Serravallian-Tortonian. This study presents new data from the erosion rate calculation following the establishment of these units and then proposes another view on regional tectonics. Therefore, the example used of Oued Sedjnene gives a rising rate of the order of 0.01 mm/year, almost equivalent to the results found in surrounding medeterranean belt (ex. Italy and Turkey). The structure and geomorphology of northern Tunisia is a result of folding of Cenozoic basin. However located tangential structure are related to transcurrent faults and not overthrust structure","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72909885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roch Corneille Ngoubou, Jean Bienvenu Dinga, D. Nganga
This research work deals with the physico-chemical analysis of the surface water of the Djiri river with the aim of preventing the population against possible water pollution. The analysis of the samples collected in the Djiri river revealed the presence of lead in these waters at levels exceeding the WHO guideline values: an average annual pollution (0.93 mg / l) which is visibly above the WHO guideline value (0.01mg / l). The in situ data of the Djiri river revealed a significant drop in flow between the period 2016 characterized by a divergence index of 0.82344 thus highlighting a hydrological situation for which the actors of national hydrology will absolutely have to implement measures. Remedial mechanisms to protect this river against possible disappearance.
{"title":"Diagnosis of Lead Pollution of Surface Waters of a River: Case of the Djiri River in the Republic of Congo","authors":"Roch Corneille Ngoubou, Jean Bienvenu Dinga, D. Nganga","doi":"10.5539/EP.V10N1P30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V10N1P30","url":null,"abstract":"This research work deals with the physico-chemical analysis of the surface water of the Djiri river with the aim of preventing the population against possible water pollution. \u0000 \u0000The analysis of the samples collected in the Djiri river revealed the presence of lead in these waters at levels exceeding the WHO guideline values: an average annual pollution (0.93 mg / l) which is visibly above the WHO guideline value (0.01mg / l). \u0000 \u0000The in situ data of the Djiri river revealed a significant drop in flow between the period 2016 characterized by a divergence index of 0.82344 thus highlighting a hydrological situation for which the actors of national hydrology will absolutely have to implement measures. Remedial mechanisms to protect this river against possible disappearance.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80401811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study consisted of a survey and field experiment to observe the impact of behavioural nudges on an individual’s attitudes and accuracy on waste sorting. The survey conducted on 203 students of the University of Peradeniya, and then the field experiment within the university premises. The responses to the survey revealed that the participants having a negative attitude toward the usual waste disposal and sorting practices. Also, the majority of the respondents preferred non-monetary incentives as an effective strategy to motivate individuals to improve the accuracy of waste sorting. Then the participants are given nine strategies as separate behavioural nudges to improve the waste sorting behavior. The responses are highly varied and the majority prefer to use a combination of different colours and detailed labels as a motivational strategy. Thus, the preferred strategy was examined at the faculty premises throughout three stages and tested three hypotheses. Findings revealed that the strategy improves the accuracy, and supports the university community for proper waste sorting practices. Further, it exposed that the detail labels and stickers are impactful than the color sensitivity of respondents.
{"title":"Could Behavioural Nudges Improve the Accuracy of Waste Sorting? An Experimental Survey","authors":"D. I. J. Samaranayake, R. S. Thennakoon","doi":"10.5539/ep.v10n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ep.v10n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"The study consisted of a survey and field experiment to observe the impact of behavioural nudges on an individual’s attitudes and accuracy on waste sorting. The survey conducted on 203 students of the University of Peradeniya, and then the field experiment within the university premises. The responses to the survey revealed that the participants having a negative attitude toward the usual waste disposal and sorting practices. Also, the majority of the respondents preferred non-monetary incentives as an effective strategy to motivate individuals to improve the accuracy of waste sorting. Then the participants are given nine strategies as separate behavioural nudges to improve the waste sorting behavior. The responses are highly varied and the majority prefer to use a combination of different colours and detailed labels as a motivational strategy. Thus, the preferred strategy was examined at the faculty premises throughout three stages and tested three hypotheses. Findings revealed that the strategy improves the accuracy, and supports the university community for proper waste sorting practices. Further, it exposed that the detail labels and stickers are impactful than the color sensitivity of respondents.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73566697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SMOG is a form of horrible air pollution that has recently been declared as a public health emergency in Southeast Asia. This article will talk about the drawback of smog pollution and its outcomes on human health. Smog has become the most important issue for Pakistan, from some past years. Since 2011, nearly all areas of Pakistan especially Lahore has been repeatedly affected by smog. In Many previous types of research, the focus is on Smog and, its source, alarm systems, and safeguard, when a risky Environmental event like smog, the conclusion may be riskier than the event itself will cause if people take irrational actions due to lack of relevant awareness. So, examine people's attitudes and a reaction to smog is theoretically and realistically meaningful. Recent projects of coal as a source of energy, high rates of outpouring from unmonitored industries, a large number of automobiles on roads, play a major role in trends of deforestation to construct new roads and recently the burning of crops leftovers has added fuel to the fire. Vehicles increase by 9% compared to the last five years due to a lack of public transport systems. Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh emit the most hydrocarbons in their fuel emissions compared to SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) countries. As a result of these problems, Pakistan is facing its relatives, losses and various dangerous human diseases.
{"title":"Theorizing the Effect of Smog on Public Health in Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"A. Akbar","doi":"10.5539/EP.V9N2P14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V9N2P14","url":null,"abstract":"SMOG is a form of horrible air pollution that has recently been declared as a public health emergency in Southeast Asia. This article will talk about the drawback of smog pollution and its outcomes on human health. Smog has become the most important issue for Pakistan, from some past years. Since 2011, nearly all areas of Pakistan especially Lahore has been repeatedly affected by smog. In Many previous types of research, the focus is on Smog and, its source, alarm systems, and safeguard, when a risky Environmental event like smog, the conclusion may be riskier than the event itself will cause if people take irrational actions due to lack of relevant awareness. So, examine people's attitudes and a reaction to smog is theoretically and realistically meaningful. Recent projects of coal as a source of energy, high rates of outpouring from unmonitored industries, a large number of automobiles on roads, play a major role in trends of deforestation to construct new roads and recently the burning of crops leftovers has added fuel to the fire. Vehicles increase by 9% compared to the last five years due to a lack of public transport systems. Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh emit the most hydrocarbons in their fuel emissions compared to SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) countries. As a result of these problems, Pakistan is facing its relatives, losses and various dangerous human diseases.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80271770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Okoya, Doyinsola Omotoyosi Diisu, O. O. Olaiya, O. S. Adegbaju
This study investigates flamboyant pods (FP) and chitosan [extracted from periwinkle shells (PS)] modified flamboyant pods (CMFP) adsorbents for dye removal from textile industrial wastewater, and were compared with commercial activated carbon (CAC). Physicochemical properties with dye concentrations of wastewater were investigated before and after adsorption using standard methods and Ultraviolet-visible Spectrophotometer respectively. Batch adsorption were performed and pH (3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 9.0, 11.5), adsorbent dosage (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 g), contact time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 minutes) and initial concentration (25, 50, 100, 125, 250 mg/L) were optimized for Indigo dye using the adsorbents. Initial concentration data was used to test conformity with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Adsorption efficiencies for simulation ranged from 11.33±0.70 to 83.8±0.00. Optimum adsorption conditions of indigo dye were pH 6, 0.1g sorbent dosage, 60 minutes contact time and 250 mg/L dye concentration; gave efficiencies of 83.8%, 79.6% and 89.8% for FP, CMFP, CAC respectively with wastewater. Physicochemical parameters of wastewater decreased except nitrate which increased from 11.53±0.00 to 34.65±1.41mg/L. Data best fit Langmuir than Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The study inferred that FP and PS could be processed as less expensive, environment friendly alternative adsorbent to the costly CAC for treating textile wastewater.
{"title":"Adsorption Efficiency of Flamboyant Pods for Indigo Dye Removal from Textile Industrial Wastewater","authors":"A. Okoya, Doyinsola Omotoyosi Diisu, O. O. Olaiya, O. S. Adegbaju","doi":"10.5539/EP.V9N2P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V9N2P1","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates flamboyant pods (FP) and chitosan [extracted from periwinkle shells (PS)] modified flamboyant pods (CMFP) adsorbents for dye removal from textile industrial wastewater, and were compared with commercial activated carbon (CAC). Physicochemical properties with dye concentrations of wastewater were investigated before and after adsorption using standard methods and Ultraviolet-visible Spectrophotometer respectively. Batch adsorption were performed and pH (3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 9.0, 11.5), adsorbent dosage (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 g), contact time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 minutes) and initial concentration (25, 50, 100, 125, 250 mg/L) were optimized for Indigo dye using the adsorbents. Initial concentration data was used to test conformity with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Adsorption efficiencies for simulation ranged from 11.33±0.70 to 83.8±0.00. Optimum adsorption conditions of indigo dye were pH 6, 0.1g sorbent dosage, 60 minutes contact time and 250 mg/L dye concentration; gave efficiencies of 83.8%, 79.6% and 89.8% for FP, CMFP, CAC respectively with wastewater. Physicochemical parameters of wastewater decreased except nitrate which increased from 11.53±0.00 to 34.65±1.41mg/L. Data best fit Langmuir than Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The study inferred that FP and PS could be processed as less expensive, environment friendly alternative adsorbent to the costly CAC for treating textile wastewater.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88198880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Discussions, analyses and modelling are based on global level data The natural environment is causing deaths to its habitants The ongoing coronavirus is also doing damage to the lives of the glove Worldwide people are too much worried putting extra ordinary efforts to contain the coronavirus pandemic But the damage being done to the lives of the people on the glove by natural environment problems is substantially higher than that done by the coronavirus Air pollution death rate is 6 02 times of death rate due to coronavirus and the total environmental death rate is 10 85 times that of coronavirus death rate Three statistical models regarding coronavirus development, coronavirus spread and coronavirus fatality are developed
{"title":"Global Environmental Pollution and Coronavirus","authors":"M. Quader","doi":"10.5539/EP.V9N2P19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V9N2P19","url":null,"abstract":"Discussions, analyses and modelling are based on global level data The natural environment is causing deaths to its habitants The ongoing coronavirus is also doing damage to the lives of the glove Worldwide people are too much worried putting extra ordinary efforts to contain the coronavirus pandemic But the damage being done to the lives of the people on the glove by natural environment problems is substantially higher than that done by the coronavirus Air pollution death rate is 6 02 times of death rate due to coronavirus and the total environmental death rate is 10 85 times that of coronavirus death rate Three statistical models regarding coronavirus development, coronavirus spread and coronavirus fatality are developed","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81241931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. K. Vowotor, G. Amoako, B. Sefa-Ntiri, S. Amoah, S. S. Sackey, C. Amuah
The amount of micronutrients in food is a key factor that determines the health status of a person. The concentrations of nine micronutrients, Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Chlorine (Cl), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Vanadium (V), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu) and Iodine (I), in polished Jasmine 85 rice, locally cultivated in five rice farming areas in Ghana (Afienya, Afife, Dawhenya, Ashaiman and Aveyime), were determined using Neutron Activation Analysis. The standard materials used as reference were the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)-530 Tuna fish homogenate and the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) USA 1566b Oyster Tissue. Recoveries of the elemental concentrations ranged from 88% to 111% of the certified values. Relative standardization method was used in the quantification of the elements. The range of concentrations measured in the rice are: 142.3-188.1 mg/kg for Na, 483.2-875.7 mg/kg for Mg, 465.6-718.0 mg/kg for Cl, 514.62949.0 mg/kg for K, 2303.0-2622.0 mg/kg for Ca, 0.0698-0.1925 mg/kg for V, 9.956-14.460 mg/kg for Mn, 0.8728-1.6790 mg/kg for Cu and 0.1181-0.1447 mg/kg for I. Using Hierarchical clustering analysis and Principal Component Analysis to evaluate the intensities of measured concentrations, K was established to be the most abundant, and was used to categorize two distinct clusters; Group 1 farms (Ashaiman, Afienya, and Dawhenya) and Group 2 farms (Aveyime and Afife). Group 2 farms recorded elevated intensities of micronutrients. With Pearson's correlation coefficient, some noteworthy correlations realized were between Na and K (r = 0.951), Na and V (r = 0.842) and K and V (r = 0.812). This indicated the same or similar source inputs for each pair. The calculated mean daily intake of K exceeded the mean Recommended Dietary Allowable and Adequate Intake for all Life Stage Groups. Estimated health risk associated with the consumption of rice was only present for children between the ages of 1 and 3 for Mg. The information on these nine micronutrients content of the rice from these five farming areas would be valuable in rice consumption studies to evaluate the overall availability of micronutrients to the Ghanaian populace and age groups and also in nutrition planning for analysis of nationwide rice supplies, mainly for regions and countries known to be susceptible to deficiencies of these micronutrients. The techniques espoused in this research can be used to accurately determine the concentration of micronutrients in rice and also trace the area where the rice was produced.
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