The aim of this study is to study the applicability of hypothetical microfinance for household adaptation to sea level rise impacts at community level. The study examines two hypothesis: 1) microfinance can (cannot) be applied as an adaptive measure to the impacts of sea level rise; 2) whether or not the factors of risk perceptions, attitudes, social references, microfinance conditions, government supports, and demographic influence an individual participation to a designed microfinance. The study sites are six vulnerable coastal villages located in the Gulf of Thailand. A designed microfinance for adaptation to sea level rise impacts is assumed in hypothetical market and tested with residents in the villages. Acceptance analysis, Pearson correlation, and stepwise regression analysis are used to test the hypothesis of the study. The study results reveal that microfinance can be applied for household adaptation to sea level rise impacts at community level. However, there are some correlated factors that affect individual participation to the designed microfinance. The likelihood of successful implementation of microfinance for the adaptation purposes is depended on how those factors affecting participation are properly addressed by implementer.
{"title":"Applicability of Microfinance for Adaptation to Sea Level Rise Impacts","authors":"Amornpun Kulpraneet","doi":"10.5539/EP.V6N2P48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V6N2P48","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to study the applicability of hypothetical microfinance for household adaptation to sea level rise impacts at community level. The study examines two hypothesis: 1) microfinance can (cannot) be applied as an adaptive measure to the impacts of sea level rise; 2) whether or not the factors of risk perceptions, attitudes, social references, microfinance conditions, government supports, and demographic influence an individual participation to a designed microfinance. The study sites are six vulnerable coastal villages located in the Gulf of Thailand. A designed microfinance for adaptation to sea level rise impacts is assumed in hypothetical market and tested with residents in the villages. Acceptance analysis, Pearson correlation, and stepwise regression analysis are used to test the hypothesis of the study. The study results reveal that microfinance can be applied for household adaptation to sea level rise impacts at community level. However, there are some correlated factors that affect individual participation to the designed microfinance. The likelihood of successful implementation of microfinance for the adaptation purposes is depended on how those factors affecting participation are properly addressed by implementer.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86359861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isotopic labels are widely used to trace the fate and cycling of common environmental contaminants. Many of the labeled materials are not available commercially and, depending on the complexity of the substance, the label and the enrichment level, custom syntheses are costly. A simple, straightforward, and cost effective method for the preparation of a highly enriched, 15N-labeled potassium ferrocyanide (K4[Fe(C15N)6]*3H2O) has been developed to meet the requirements of related tracer experiments and minimize their costs. In this case, the 15N label was used to quantify iron cyanide detoxification (biodegradation and/or transformation) within soil-plant-systems. 15N-labeled potassium cyanide (KC15N) and a ferrous iron salt have been used for the synthesis. Extensive qualitative and quantitative analyses showed a product, entirely identical in its functional and elemental components to commercial non-labeled K4[Fe(CN)6]*3H2O and in its 15N enrichment to the KC15N used for its synthesis. To investigate their behavior and fate in various environmental compartments, other labeled iron or metal cyanide complexes might be synthesized in analogous manner.
{"title":"Preparation of 15N-labeled Potassium Ferrocyanide for Tracer Studies","authors":"T. Dimitrova, F. Repmann, D. Freese","doi":"10.5539/EP.V6N2P41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V6N2P41","url":null,"abstract":"Isotopic labels are widely used to trace the fate and cycling of common environmental contaminants. Many of the labeled materials are not available commercially and, depending on the complexity of the substance, the label and the enrichment level, custom syntheses are costly. A simple, straightforward, and cost effective method for the preparation of a highly enriched, 15N-labeled potassium ferrocyanide (K4[Fe(C15N)6]*3H2O) has been developed to meet the requirements of related tracer experiments and minimize their costs. In this case, the 15N label was used to quantify iron cyanide detoxification (biodegradation and/or transformation) within soil-plant-systems. 15N-labeled potassium cyanide (KC15N) and a ferrous iron salt have been used for the synthesis. Extensive qualitative and quantitative analyses showed a product, entirely identical in its functional and elemental components to commercial non-labeled K4[Fe(CN)6]*3H2O and in its 15N enrichment to the KC15N used for its synthesis. To investigate their behavior and fate in various environmental compartments, other labeled iron or metal cyanide complexes might be synthesized in analogous manner.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86408732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, with the rapid development of global industrialization, people’s quality of life has improved, and people are no longer satisfied with the quality of goods and purposes, the majority of people even choose goods based on the packaging of goods which cause the situation of excessive packaging become serious. As an important part of manufacturing, packaging industry should emphasize the development of environmentally friendly packaging. Recognized as one of the most promising green packaging materials, paper packaging materials accounted for more than 40% of packaging materials, however, unsuitable production and recycling of paper packaging pose a threat to the environment and the social economy. For the sustainable development of the paper packaging industry, this essay put forward the concept of "green paper packaging" through literature research. This essay will introduce the proper production and recycling of green paper packaging materials, discuss the structural design of green paper packaging, and looking forward to the development direction of green paper packaging, and come to the conclusion that not only need we use new materials and environmental friendly packaging structures, but also we should attach importance to the production and the recycling of the packaging so as to make sure the entire life cycle of packaging does not harm the human body and the environment.
{"title":"Sustainable Development of Green Paper Packaging","authors":"Jiapeng Huang","doi":"10.5539/EP.V6N2P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V6N2P1","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, with the rapid development of global industrialization, people’s quality of life has improved, and people are no longer satisfied with the quality of goods and purposes, the majority of people even choose goods based on the packaging of goods which cause the situation of excessive packaging become serious. As an important part of manufacturing, packaging industry should emphasize the development of environmentally friendly packaging. Recognized as one of the most promising green packaging materials, paper packaging materials accounted for more than 40% of packaging materials, however, unsuitable production and recycling of paper packaging pose a threat to the environment and the social economy. For the sustainable development of the paper packaging industry, this essay put forward the concept of \"green paper packaging\" through literature research. This essay will introduce the proper production and recycling of green paper packaging materials, discuss the structural design of green paper packaging, and looking forward to the development direction of green paper packaging, and come to the conclusion that not only need we use new materials and environmental friendly packaging structures, but also we should attach importance to the production and the recycling of the packaging so as to make sure the entire life cycle of packaging does not harm the human body and the environment.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76457219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Adeoye, H. Man, M. Soom, A. M. Thamer, Akinbile Christopher Oluwakunmi
A lysimeter study was conducted on sandy soil of Minna, North central Nigeria to assess the migration of nitrates, phosphates, bacteriological parameters and heavy metals contents of poultry manure through Minna soil. This is with a view to examining the environmental effect of indiscriminate land application of excessive poultry manure on shallow groundwater quality. A lysimeter and rainfall simulator assembly was installed on an undisturbed 0.9m diameter, 3m depth soil core after which 50kg of characterized poultry manure was applied at the top. Rainfall of 125mm was simulated and water samples were collected at different depths of the soil core through the lysimeter and were taken to laboratory for analysis. Results showed that nitrate and phosphate in poultry manure were able to leach to a depth of 2.5m of the soil core four months after poultry manure application while turbidity and electrical conductivity reached their maximum value at depth 2.5m after three months. Faecal coliform, total coliform and faecal streptococci were detected at depth 2.5m also two months after the application. Statistical analysis using New Duncan Multiple Range test showed significant variation (p<0.05) of all the parameters tested with depth of sample collection and months after application of poultry manure. Spearman’s correlation coefficient established both positive and negative correlation between the parameters studied in this research. Heavy metals tested, Arsenic, copper, zinc, chromium and manganese were not able to leach beyond 0.5m depth of the soil core throughout the experimental period.
{"title":"Contaminants Leaching from Fresh Poultry Waste: A Lysimeter Study on Sandy Soils under Tropical Conditions","authors":"P. Adeoye, H. Man, M. Soom, A. M. Thamer, Akinbile Christopher Oluwakunmi","doi":"10.5539/EP.V6N1P38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V6N1P38","url":null,"abstract":"A lysimeter study was conducted on sandy soil of Minna, North central Nigeria to assess the migration of nitrates, phosphates, bacteriological parameters and heavy metals contents of poultry manure through Minna soil. This is with a view to examining the environmental effect of indiscriminate land application of excessive poultry manure on shallow groundwater quality. A lysimeter and rainfall simulator assembly was installed on an undisturbed 0.9m diameter, 3m depth soil core after which 50kg of characterized poultry manure was applied at the top. Rainfall of 125mm was simulated and water samples were collected at different depths of the soil core through the lysimeter and were taken to laboratory for analysis. Results showed that nitrate and phosphate in poultry manure were able to leach to a depth of 2.5m of the soil core four months after poultry manure application while turbidity and electrical conductivity reached their maximum value at depth 2.5m after three months. Faecal coliform, total coliform and faecal streptococci were detected at depth 2.5m also two months after the application. Statistical analysis using New Duncan Multiple Range test showed significant variation (p<0.05) of all the parameters tested with depth of sample collection and months after application of poultry manure. Spearman’s correlation coefficient established both positive and negative correlation between the parameters studied in this research. Heavy metals tested, Arsenic, copper, zinc, chromium and manganese were not able to leach beyond 0.5m depth of the soil core throughout the experimental period.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82533389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study examines the emission levels of particulate matters (PM) from sparkling fireworks and to know the emission characteristics of PM. Particulate matter <2.5 microns (PM2.5) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) were determined while burning six brands of sparkling fireworks. The average PM concentrations before burning were levels of 10 μg/m 3 , but the average concentrations after burning were 741 μg/m 3 for PM2.5 and 810 μg/m 3 for SPM. The mean ratio of the concentrations of PM2.5 and SPM after burning in all of the sparkling fireworks was 0.890. The emissions per firework ranged from 6.5 mg to 151 mg for PM2.5, and from 7.1 mg to 160 mg for SPM. The means of the emissions per combustible amount of the firework ranged from 0.017 to 0.066 mg/mg for PM2.5, and from 0.018 to 0.071 mg/mg for SPM. The influences of the burning time, burning rate and combustible amount of the fireworks on the PM emissions were investigated. As a result, PM2.5 and SPM emissions tend to increase with the burning rates. This suggests that the burning rate of firework have an influence on the PM emissions.
{"title":"Airborne Particulate Matter from Sparkling Fireworks","authors":"H. Shimazu","doi":"10.5539/EP.V6N1P19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V6N1P19","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examines the emission levels of particulate matters (PM) from sparkling fireworks and to know the emission characteristics of PM. Particulate matter <2.5 microns (PM2.5) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) were determined while burning six brands of sparkling fireworks. The average PM concentrations before burning were levels of 10 μg/m 3 , but the average concentrations after burning were 741 μg/m 3 for PM2.5 and 810 μg/m 3 for SPM. The mean ratio of the concentrations of PM2.5 and SPM after burning in all of the sparkling fireworks was 0.890. The emissions per firework ranged from 6.5 mg to 151 mg for PM2.5, and from 7.1 mg to 160 mg for SPM. The means of the emissions per combustible amount of the firework ranged from 0.017 to 0.066 mg/mg for PM2.5, and from 0.018 to 0.071 mg/mg for SPM. The influences of the burning time, burning rate and combustible amount of the fireworks on the PM emissions were investigated. As a result, PM2.5 and SPM emissions tend to increase with the burning rates. This suggests that the burning rate of firework have an influence on the PM emissions.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80977692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Qafisheh, M. Sarr, Umm Amara Hussain, Shikha Awadh
The objective of the study was to calculate the carbon footprint of ADU students, studying environmental sciences and environmental health & safety and compared it with the average carbon footprint of UAE. Students’ activity, which contributed to the highest emissions of carbon dioxide per year, has been determined. The carbon footprints were calculated using the online carbon footprint calculator, which estimated the CO 2 emissions of each student. The method resulted from different activities like consumption of gas and electricity, transportation, flights, food as well as other different activities are associated with individual’s life style. The average carbon footprint of Environmental ADU students after decreasing their emissions was 12.22 tons CO 2 /year, which was 68%, less than the average carbon footprint of UAE (37.8 tons/year). The public transportation, driving friendly cars, eating locally and living in a simply sustainable life style are great solutions to reduce an individual carbon footprint.
{"title":"Carbon Footprint of ADU Students: Reasons and Solutions","authors":"N. Qafisheh, M. Sarr, Umm Amara Hussain, Shikha Awadh","doi":"10.5539/EP.V6N1P27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V6N1P27","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to calculate the carbon footprint of ADU students, studying environmental sciences and environmental health & safety and compared it with the average carbon footprint of UAE. Students’ activity, which contributed to the highest emissions of carbon dioxide per year, has been determined. The carbon footprints were calculated using the online carbon footprint calculator, which estimated the CO 2 emissions of each student. The method resulted from different activities like consumption of gas and electricity, transportation, flights, food as well as other different activities are associated with individual’s life style. The average carbon footprint of Environmental ADU students after decreasing their emissions was 12.22 tons CO 2 /year, which was 68%, less than the average carbon footprint of UAE (37.8 tons/year). The public transportation, driving friendly cars, eating locally and living in a simply sustainable life style are great solutions to reduce an individual carbon footprint.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78932995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Air pollution is now one of the most pressing environmental concerns. While nine out of the ten most polluted cities in the world lie in India and Pakistan that leaves no room for complacency amongst other countries; partly because they too have their own issues and also because we live in a connected ecosystem.
{"title":"What You Need to Know about Air Pollution: Its Importance and Effective Solutions","authors":"Joey Thomas","doi":"10.5539/EP.V6N1P70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V6N1P70","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution is now one of the most pressing environmental concerns. While nine out of the ten most polluted cities in the world lie in India and Pakistan that leaves no room for complacency amongst other countries; partly because they too have their own issues and also because we live in a connected ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77364497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Goudarzi, Z. Soleimani, B. Sadeghi-Nejad, Mojgan Alighardashi, S. Latifi, M. Moradi
Prevalence of diseases originated from air pollution such as asthma and allergies, can be attributed to the bioaerosols. Bacteria and fungi are the main sources of hospital infections, which cause most of the diseases and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the ratio of indoor to outdoor fungi concentration, the effect of population and people density on fungi concentration and the relationship between indoor and outdoor environment. In this study, three stations were used: outdoor of the hospital, general indoor and ICU wards of the Ahvaz hospital. These locations were chosen for sampling of the airborne fungi from October to December 2010. The samples were collected in 2 min, flow rate of 28.3 L/min using quick take (SKC Inc., PA, USA), based on the Andersen method. The three dominant culturable fungi genera in sampling stations were Aspergillus , Penicillium , and Cladosporium . The average of total culturable fungi concentration before visiting time was 365.8 CFU m -3 and increased to 578CFU m -3 after visiting time. The indoor to outdoor ratios (I/O) in ICU and internal for fungi before visit were 0.36 and 0.68, respectively. However, these ratios in ICU and internal station for fungi after visit were 0.78 and 0.99, respectively. Following the visit of the visitors, the concentration of fungi available indoor was conspicuously higher (even in the wards in which no visitors were allowed; e.g. ICU, etc). Hence the amount of indoor fungi was affected by the concentration of outdoor fungi and visitors crowd.
由空气污染引起的疾病的流行，如哮喘和过敏，可归因于生物气溶胶。细菌和真菌是医院感染的主要来源，是造成大多数疾病和死亡的原因。本研究的目的是确定室内和室外真菌浓度的比例，人口和人口密度对真菌浓度的影响以及室内和室外环境之间的关系。本研究采用医院室外、阿瓦士医院普通室内和ICU病房三个站点。选取这些地点于2010年10月至12月对空气传播的真菌进行采样。采用quick take (SKC Inc.， PA, USA)，基于Andersen法，在2 min内采集样品，流速为28.3 L/min。采样站的三个优势可培养真菌属是曲霉、青霉和枝孢菌。访前可培养真菌总浓度平均值为365.8 CFU m -3，访后可培养真菌总浓度平均值为578CFU m -3。访前ICU室内与室外真菌的比值(I/O)为0.36，院内为0.68。而在ICU和真菌内站，这些比值分别为0.78和0.99。在来访者来访后，室内真菌的浓度明显更高(即使在不允许来访者进入的病房;例如ICU等)。因此，室内真菌的数量受室外真菌浓度和游客人数的影响。
{"title":"Visiting Hours Impact on Indoor to Outdoor Ratio of Fungi Concentration at Golestan University Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran","authors":"G. Goudarzi, Z. Soleimani, B. Sadeghi-Nejad, Mojgan Alighardashi, S. Latifi, M. Moradi","doi":"10.5539/EP.V6N1P62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V6N1P62","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalence of diseases originated from air pollution such as asthma and allergies, can be attributed to the bioaerosols. Bacteria and fungi are the main sources of hospital infections, which cause most of the diseases and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the ratio of indoor to outdoor fungi concentration, the effect of population and people density on fungi concentration and the relationship between indoor and outdoor environment. In this study, three stations were used: outdoor of the hospital, general indoor and ICU wards of the Ahvaz hospital. These locations were chosen for sampling of the airborne fungi from October to December 2010. The samples were collected in 2 min, flow rate of 28.3 L/min using quick take (SKC Inc., PA, USA), based on the Andersen method. The three dominant culturable fungi genera in sampling stations were Aspergillus , Penicillium , and Cladosporium . The average of total culturable fungi concentration before visiting time was 365.8 CFU m -3 and increased to 578CFU m -3 after visiting time. The indoor to outdoor ratios (I/O) in ICU and internal for fungi before visit were 0.36 and 0.68, respectively. However, these ratios in ICU and internal station for fungi after visit were 0.78 and 0.99, respectively. Following the visit of the visitors, the concentration of fungi available indoor was conspicuously higher (even in the wards in which no visitors were allowed; e.g. ICU, etc). Hence the amount of indoor fungi was affected by the concentration of outdoor fungi and visitors crowd.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86389365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changes in trace element concentrations in mine tailings (dry and wet) were investigated in the gold mining area of Betare-Oya, Eastern Cameroon. Forty-one surface sediment samples were analyzed using ICP-MS for heavy metals and pollution was assessed using Enrichment Ratio and Geo Accumulation Index (Igeo); using a sample from a remote area as control.Trace elements in mine tailings show significant increase compared to the background (control) values, with the exception of Sr and Nb. It is suggested that allochtonous deposition may account for Sr distribution. A strong correlation is observed between the lithophile elements; Y, Nb, Ce, La, and Pb. Their association with each other is also strong, i.e. Nb/Ce (.73) and La/Ce (.63). The close association of these elements in the samples may be an indication of the effect of resistant heavy minerals from felsic rocks (mainly granites and gneisses). Cu, Zn, Sr and Ba distribution is associated with mineralisation of sulphide-bearing minerals and clay formation from weathering of mica schist. Cu, Zn, As, W, Mo and Ag have been identified as potential pollutants. Compared to the Dutch soil quality guidelines, these elements are above the target values and below the intervention levels. Arsenic is considered to be the most threatening element, with regards to its potency. The distribution of As in this area appears to be controlled by mining activities.
{"title":"Environmental Geochemistry of Mine Tailings Soils in the Artisanal Gold Mining District of Betare -Oya, Cameroon","authors":"V. Manga, Gladys Nchang Neba, Emmanuel Cheo Suh","doi":"10.5539/EP.V6N1P52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V6N1P52","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in trace element concentrations in mine tailings (dry and wet) were investigated in the gold mining area of Betare-Oya, Eastern Cameroon. Forty-one surface sediment samples were analyzed using ICP-MS for heavy metals and pollution was assessed using Enrichment Ratio and Geo Accumulation Index (Igeo); using a sample from a remote area as control.Trace elements in mine tailings show significant increase compared to the background (control) values, with the exception of Sr and Nb. It is suggested that allochtonous deposition may account for Sr distribution. A strong correlation is observed between the lithophile elements; Y, Nb, Ce, La, and Pb. Their association with each other is also strong, i.e. Nb/Ce (.73) and La/Ce (.63). The close association of these elements in the samples may be an indication of the effect of resistant heavy minerals from felsic rocks (mainly granites and gneisses). Cu, Zn, Sr and Ba distribution is associated with mineralisation of sulphide-bearing minerals and clay formation from weathering of mica schist. Cu, Zn, As, W, Mo and Ag have been identified as potential pollutants. Compared to the Dutch soil quality guidelines, these elements are above the target values and below the intervention levels. Arsenic is considered to be the most threatening element, with regards to its potency. The distribution of As in this area appears to be controlled by mining activities.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84905088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green economy has invested in the sustainable development of the society across the globe. Therefore, the study has focused on differential ways that green economy provided for the reduction of misusing limited resources along with the reduction of environmental pollution. Since, the study has been conducted on the global issue, the nature of the analysis would be qualitative. The data has been collected from the previous studies on green economy. The results have shown the different factors that affect the society, which included wastes, toxic gases, and the hazardous solvents ecologically as well as economically. The implementation of green chemistry was the solution provided to eliminate poverty and pollution from the society. In the years 1990 and 2010, the emissions of non-methane compounds were increased by 71% and decreased by 4%. Whereas, the emissions of nitrogen oxides were increased by 62% and decreased by 3%. Moreover, intelligent usage of limited resources have provided better ways to increase economic growth and reduce toxins from the atmosphere. Adoption of green economy in the countries can be useful on the economic and social grounds as they helped in decreasing the environment pollution and along with the misuse of limited resources.
{"title":"How Green Economy Contributes in Decreasing the Environment Pollution and Misuse of the Limited Resources","authors":"Haga Elimam","doi":"10.5539/EP.V6N1P10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/EP.V6N1P10","url":null,"abstract":"Green economy has invested in the sustainable development of the society across the globe. Therefore, the study has focused on differential ways that green economy provided for the reduction of misusing limited resources along with the reduction of environmental pollution. Since, the study has been conducted on the global issue, the nature of the analysis would be qualitative. The data has been collected from the previous studies on green economy. The results have shown the different factors that affect the society, which included wastes, toxic gases, and the hazardous solvents ecologically as well as economically. The implementation of green chemistry was the solution provided to eliminate poverty and pollution from the society. In the years 1990 and 2010, the emissions of non-methane compounds were increased by 71% and decreased by 4%. Whereas, the emissions of nitrogen oxides were increased by 62% and decreased by 3%. Moreover, intelligent usage of limited resources have provided better ways to increase economic growth and reduce toxins from the atmosphere. Adoption of green economy in the countries can be useful on the economic and social grounds as they helped in decreasing the environment pollution and along with the misuse of limited resources.","PeriodicalId":11724,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75899144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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