Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15678/eber.2023.110104
Agnieszka Żur, Agnieszka Wałęga
Objective: The driving aim of this study is to test whether small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with a higher level of internationalization and innovation orientation were able to adapt their training and development activities during Covid-19 quicker and better than others. With no or very few studies investigating employee learning and development adaptation in SMEs, we address an important research gap. Research Design & Methods: We tested the hypothesized relationships on a sample of 214 Polish SMEs. Data was collected using the computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) method. The logit model and ordered probit model were employed to analyse the data. Findings: While the results clearly indicate that innovation orientation had an impact on the adaptation of training and development for Polish SMEs during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic, internationalization did not exhibit any significant impact on the number of training sessions conducted during the first year of Covid-19. However, the existence of prior experience with online technologies may have moderated the relationship between internationalization and adaptation of learning and development. Implications & Recommendations: To become quick adapters, SMEs should develop an innovation orientation, implement online learning practices and foster mutual learning within the organization, and take every opportunity to learn from external partners. Contribution & Value Added: With this study, we contribute to the body of knowledge investigating SME adaptation during Covid-19. This research implies that innovation orientation can positively influence how firms adapt their training and development in times of crisis. This pioneering contribution is an important piece of the puzzle of what might determine the competitive advantage of some SMEs over others in years to come.
{"title":"Internationalization and innovation orientation as factors of employee learning and development adaptation during Covid-19: Evidence from Polish SMEs","authors":"Agnieszka Żur, Agnieszka Wałęga","doi":"10.15678/eber.2023.110104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/eber.2023.110104","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The driving aim of this study is to test whether small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with a higher level of internationalization and innovation orientation were able to adapt their training and development activities during Covid-19 quicker and better than others. With no or very few studies investigating employee learning and development adaptation in SMEs, we address an important research gap. Research Design & Methods: We tested the hypothesized relationships on a sample of 214 Polish SMEs. Data was collected using the computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) method. The logit model and ordered probit model were employed to analyse the data. Findings: While the results clearly indicate that innovation orientation had an impact on the adaptation of training and development for Polish SMEs during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic, internationalization did not exhibit any significant impact on the number of training sessions conducted during the first year of Covid-19. However, the existence of prior experience with online technologies may have moderated the relationship between internationalization and adaptation of learning and development. Implications & Recommendations: To become quick adapters, SMEs should develop an innovation orientation, implement online learning practices and foster mutual learning within the organization, and take every opportunity to learn from external partners. Contribution & Value Added: With this study, we contribute to the body of knowledge investigating SME adaptation during Covid-19. This research implies that innovation orientation can positively influence how firms adapt their training and development in times of crisis. This pioneering contribution is an important piece of the puzzle of what might determine the competitive advantage of some SMEs over others in years to come.","PeriodicalId":11726,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82308414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15678/eber.2023.110211
H. Mishchuk, Y. Bilan, V. Mishchuk
{"title":"Employment risks under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on changes in economic behaviour","authors":"H. Mishchuk, Y. Bilan, V. Mishchuk","doi":"10.15678/eber.2023.110211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/eber.2023.110211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11726,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88220095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15678/eber.2023.110108
Agnieszka Hajdukiewicz, Bożena Pera
{"title":"Eco-innovation in the European Union: Challenges for catching-up economies","authors":"Agnieszka Hajdukiewicz, Bożena Pera","doi":"10.15678/eber.2023.110108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/eber.2023.110108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11726,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88251249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15678/eber.2023.110102
Omar Heredia-Portillo, Enrique Armas-Arévalos
{"title":"Explaining the international opportunity recognition with the qualitative comparative analysis: The role of dynamic capabilities self-efficacy and global mindset","authors":"Omar Heredia-Portillo, Enrique Armas-Arévalos","doi":"10.15678/eber.2023.110102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/eber.2023.110102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11726,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74479686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15678/eber.2023.110208
Taufiq Arifin, A. Achsanta, Irwan Trinugroho
Objective: The objective of this article is to examine the value of academics as board members. Using upper echelons theory to explain how top management’s characteristics affect corporate decision-making, we particularly investigated whether academics as independent directors contribute to firm performance. More specifically, we further assessed whether this enhancing value for the firm remains in the long run. Moreover, this study also examined the monitoring role of academics as independent directors in reducing investment inefficiency. Research Design & Methods: This study used Indonesian non-financial listed firms covering the years 2007 through 2016 as our sample. We collect both financial and non-financial data from Indonesian Stock Exchange and firms’ annual reports. We eliminated firm-year observations where information is missing and left an unbalanced panel consisting of 2461 firm-year observations. To test our hypothesis empirically, we initially used OLS regression as well as GLS random effects and several robustness tests to mitigate any endogeneity concern, such as propensity score matching and Hainmueller entropy balancing. Furthermore, we used quantile regression to examine the relation effect of academic boards across the entire distribution of investment in-efficiency and also to mitigate the censoring problem. Findings: Empirically, we showed that firms with academics in board members, on average, have better firm performance. The results hold to a battery of robustness checks. The analysis also suggests that the enhancing values of academic board members remain in the long run. Interestingly, we further found that the enhancing value of academics is more pronounced in reducing high-level of investment inefficiency. Implications & Recommendations: Corporate governance literature offers upper echelons theory to explain how the top management’s characteristics affect corporate decision-making. Similar to various demographic characteristics, this study confirmed the upper echelons theory in exposing the advising and monitoring role of academic independent directors. Personal characteristics of board members predict the outcome of corporate decision-making, even in emerging countries such as Indonesia. Contribution & Value Added: This study shed light on the important role of academics as independent board members in delivering value for firms. Examining this issue in an emerging country such as Indonesia, where the corporate governance mechanism is more likely to be a rubber stamp, helps us highlight the actual value of hiring independent academic directors. Our evidence also contributes to the literature on the channel in which academics deliver value for firms by reducing investment inefficiency at the extreme level
{"title":"Do academics in the boardroom create value for firms?","authors":"Taufiq Arifin, A. Achsanta, Irwan Trinugroho","doi":"10.15678/eber.2023.110208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/eber.2023.110208","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this article is to examine the value of academics as board members. Using upper echelons theory to explain how top management’s characteristics affect corporate decision-making, we particularly investigated whether academics as independent directors contribute to firm performance. More specifically, we further assessed whether this enhancing value for the firm remains in the long run. Moreover, this study also examined the monitoring role of academics as independent directors in reducing investment inefficiency. Research Design & Methods: This study used Indonesian non-financial listed firms covering the years 2007 through 2016 as our sample. We collect both financial and non-financial data from Indonesian Stock Exchange and firms’ annual reports. We eliminated firm-year observations where information is missing and left an unbalanced panel consisting of 2461 firm-year observations. To test our hypothesis empirically, we initially used OLS regression as well as GLS random effects and several robustness tests to mitigate any endogeneity concern, such as propensity score matching and Hainmueller entropy balancing. Furthermore, we used quantile regression to examine the relation effect of academic boards across the entire distribution of investment in-efficiency and also to mitigate the censoring problem. Findings: Empirically, we showed that firms with academics in board members, on average, have better firm performance. The results hold to a battery of robustness checks. The analysis also suggests that the enhancing values of academic board members remain in the long run. Interestingly, we further found that the enhancing value of academics is more pronounced in reducing high-level of investment inefficiency. Implications & Recommendations: Corporate governance literature offers upper echelons theory to explain how the top management’s characteristics affect corporate decision-making. Similar to various demographic characteristics, this study confirmed the upper echelons theory in exposing the advising and monitoring role of academic independent directors. Personal characteristics of board members predict the outcome of corporate decision-making, even in emerging countries such as Indonesia. Contribution & Value Added: This study shed light on the important role of academics as independent board members in delivering value for firms. Examining this issue in an emerging country such as Indonesia, where the corporate governance mechanism is more likely to be a rubber stamp, helps us highlight the actual value of hiring independent academic directors. Our evidence also contributes to the literature on the channel in which academics deliver value for firms by reducing investment inefficiency at the extreme level","PeriodicalId":11726,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74711025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15678/eber.2023.110204
B. Ślusarczyk, S. Moghavvemi, Shehnaz Tehseen
Objective: The study aimed to develop and validate three factors, i.e. economic constraints, legal conditions, and social support that influence women entrepreneurs’ managerial skills. Research Design & Methods: A conceptual model was developed based on the literature review, and the data collected from 120 women entrepreneurs in Poland was utilised to construct the scale. The items were generated after validity, reliability, and exploratory factor analysis were conducted with SPSS software. The final developed scale was validated among 140 women entrepreneurs in Malaysia and the data was analysed through structural equation modelling (Amos). Findings: The results show that economic constraints, legal conditions, and social support are the main factors that influence the managerial skills of women entrepreneurs. Further analysis shows that economic constraints, legal conditions, and social support, vary across countries and influence women entrepreneurs’ businesses. Women entrepreneurs in Poland consider assertiveness, risk-taking, responsibility, patience, and diligence as essential features of entrepreneurs, while women entrepreneurs in Malaysia believe patience, independence, self-confidence, responsibility, courage, and the ability to work with people are the most important features. Implications & Recommendations: This study identified the main factors that impact women entrepreneurs and highlights that the factors could have a significant effect on their managerial skills, which can provide knowledge for industry players and government officials who want to ease the start-up process and prevent failures. Contribution & Value Added: This study advances knowledge about the various factors influencing women’s businesses in emerging countries like Malaysia and developed countries like Poland. It also makes a practical contribution by helping to develop policies that can encourage entrepreneurship among women.
{"title":"Women and business: Empirical study on economic constraints, legal conditions, and social support influencing women entrepreneurs in Malaysia and Poland","authors":"B. Ślusarczyk, S. Moghavvemi, Shehnaz Tehseen","doi":"10.15678/eber.2023.110204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/eber.2023.110204","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The study aimed to develop and validate three factors, i.e. economic constraints, legal conditions, and social support that influence women entrepreneurs’ managerial skills. Research Design & Methods: A conceptual model was developed based on the literature review, and the data collected from 120 women entrepreneurs in Poland was utilised to construct the scale. The items were generated after validity, reliability, and exploratory factor analysis were conducted with SPSS software. The final developed scale was validated among 140 women entrepreneurs in Malaysia and the data was analysed through structural equation modelling (Amos). Findings: The results show that economic constraints, legal conditions, and social support are the main factors that influence the managerial skills of women entrepreneurs. Further analysis shows that economic constraints, legal conditions, and social support, vary across countries and influence women entrepreneurs’ businesses. Women entrepreneurs in Poland consider assertiveness, risk-taking, responsibility, patience, and diligence as essential features of entrepreneurs, while women entrepreneurs in Malaysia believe patience, independence, self-confidence, responsibility, courage, and the ability to work with people are the most important features. Implications & Recommendations: This study identified the main factors that impact women entrepreneurs and highlights that the factors could have a significant effect on their managerial skills, which can provide knowledge for industry players and government officials who want to ease the start-up process and prevent failures. Contribution & Value Added: This study advances knowledge about the various factors influencing women’s businesses in emerging countries like Malaysia and developed countries like Poland. It also makes a practical contribution by helping to develop policies that can encourage entrepreneurship among women.","PeriodicalId":11726,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81779287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15678/eber.2023.110205
Dede Kurnia, H. Mulyadi, H. Hendrayati, Z. Denan
{"title":"When does entrepreneurial bricolage mediate the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on new product development? The role of environmental dynamism as moderator","authors":"Dede Kurnia, H. Mulyadi, H. Hendrayati, Z. Denan","doi":"10.15678/eber.2023.110205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/eber.2023.110205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11726,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80004303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15678/eber.2023.110209
Syed Aamir Alam Rizvi, M. Qureshi, Q. Ahmed, Mohsin Ali
{"title":"Being and becoming an entrepreneur: A narrative study on the development of entrepreneurial mindset in Pakistan","authors":"Syed Aamir Alam Rizvi, M. Qureshi, Q. Ahmed, Mohsin Ali","doi":"10.15678/eber.2023.110209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/eber.2023.110209","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11726,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74535052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15678/eber.2023.110302
Pawel Korzynski, Grzegorz Mazurek, Pamela Krzypkowska, Artur Kurasinski
Objective: The article aims to offer a thorough examination and comprehension of the challenges and pro‐ spects connected with artificial intelligence (AI) prompt engineering. Our research aimed to create a theoret‐ ical framework that would highlight optimal approaches in the field of AI prompt engineering. Research Design & Methods: This research utilized a narrative and critical literature review and established a conceptual framework derived from existing literature taking into account both academic and practitioner sources. This article should be regarded as a conceptual work that emphasizes the best practices in the domain of AI prompt engineering. Findings: Based on the conducted deep and extensive query of academic and practitioner literature on the subject, as well as professional press and Internet portals, we identified various insights for effective AI prompt engineering. We provide specific prompting strategies. Implications & Recommendations: The study revealed the profound implications of AI prompt engineering across various domains such as entrepreneurship, art, science, and healthcare. We demonstrated how the effective crafting of prompts can significantly enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs), gen‐ erating more accurate and contextually relevant results. Our findings offer valuable insights for AI practition‐ ers, researchers, educators, and organizations integrating AI into their operations, emphasizing the need to invest time and resources in prompt engineering. Moreover, we contributed the AI PROMPT framework to the field, providing clear and actionable guidelines for text‐to‐text prompt engineering. Contribution & Value Added: The value of this study lies in its comprehensive exploration of AI prompt engineer‐ ing as a digital competence. By building upon existing research and prior literature, this study aimed to provide a deeper understanding of the intricacies involved in AI prompt engineering and its role as a digital competence. Article
{"title":"Artificial intelligence prompt engineering as a new digital competence: Analysis of generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT","authors":"Pawel Korzynski, Grzegorz Mazurek, Pamela Krzypkowska, Artur Kurasinski","doi":"10.15678/eber.2023.110302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/eber.2023.110302","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The article aims to offer a thorough examination and comprehension of the challenges and pro‐ spects connected with artificial intelligence (AI) prompt engineering. Our research aimed to create a theoret‐ ical framework that would highlight optimal approaches in the field of AI prompt engineering. Research Design & Methods: This research utilized a narrative and critical literature review and established a conceptual framework derived from existing literature taking into account both academic and practitioner sources. This article should be regarded as a conceptual work that emphasizes the best practices in the domain of AI prompt engineering. Findings: Based on the conducted deep and extensive query of academic and practitioner literature on the subject, as well as professional press and Internet portals, we identified various insights for effective AI prompt engineering. We provide specific prompting strategies. Implications & Recommendations: The study revealed the profound implications of AI prompt engineering across various domains such as entrepreneurship, art, science, and healthcare. We demonstrated how the effective crafting of prompts can significantly enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs), gen‐ erating more accurate and contextually relevant results. Our findings offer valuable insights for AI practition‐ ers, researchers, educators, and organizations integrating AI into their operations, emphasizing the need to invest time and resources in prompt engineering. Moreover, we contributed the AI PROMPT framework to the field, providing clear and actionable guidelines for text‐to‐text prompt engineering. Contribution & Value Added: The value of this study lies in its comprehensive exploration of AI prompt engineer‐ ing as a digital competence. By building upon existing research and prior literature, this study aimed to provide a deeper understanding of the intricacies involved in AI prompt engineering and its role as a digital competence. Article","PeriodicalId":11726,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135783601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15678/eber.2023.110307
Diana Dryglas, Marcin Salamaga
Objective: The study aimed to identify and assess factors that build the resilience capacity of spa enterprises within the tourism sector in Poland in the wake of the economic crisis from managers’ perspective. Research Design & Methods: Research method characteristic for quantitative research was used. Survey data were collected from 500 tourism enterprise managers (including 80 from the spa sector) in Poland, using a self-administered questionnaire. A two-proportion Z-test was used to verify whether there were any significant differences in the percentage of selected response variants between the tourism sector and spa enterprises. Findings: The methods used made it possible to assess financial, social, and human capital in spa enterprises as compared to the tourism sector. The results revealed that (1) the coronavirus pandemic had a more devastating impact on the financial standing of spa enterprises than on the financial situation in the tourism sector, (2) spa enterprises are more willing to use resilience actions on the regional and governmental levels than the tourism sector, and (3) spa enterprises and the tourism sector have a demand for digital competencies under their short-term and long-term recovery strategies. Implications & Recommendations: The findings help to provide recommendations for spa and tourism enterprises for adapting their financial, social, and human policy to foster their resilience capacity and help them recover. Contribution & Value Added: Regarding the empirical part, the results of this study contribute to the scholarly understanding of the resilience capacity of spa and tourism enterprises and the way spa and tourism enterprises assess resilience factors in response to the economic crisis. The present study will help managers of spa and tourism enterprises recognise resilience as a crisis management tool or strategy for business stability and adaptability to economically uncertain environment and new circumstances.
{"title":"Beyond the existing economic uncertainty: Spa enterprises’ resilience capacity in the Polish tourism sector","authors":"Diana Dryglas, Marcin Salamaga","doi":"10.15678/eber.2023.110307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/eber.2023.110307","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The study aimed to identify and assess factors that build the resilience capacity of spa enterprises within the tourism sector in Poland in the wake of the economic crisis from managers’ perspective. Research Design & Methods: Research method characteristic for quantitative research was used. Survey data were collected from 500 tourism enterprise managers (including 80 from the spa sector) in Poland, using a self-administered questionnaire. A two-proportion Z-test was used to verify whether there were any significant differences in the percentage of selected response variants between the tourism sector and spa enterprises. Findings: The methods used made it possible to assess financial, social, and human capital in spa enterprises as compared to the tourism sector. The results revealed that (1) the coronavirus pandemic had a more devastating impact on the financial standing of spa enterprises than on the financial situation in the tourism sector, (2) spa enterprises are more willing to use resilience actions on the regional and governmental levels than the tourism sector, and (3) spa enterprises and the tourism sector have a demand for digital competencies under their short-term and long-term recovery strategies. Implications & Recommendations: The findings help to provide recommendations for spa and tourism enterprises for adapting their financial, social, and human policy to foster their resilience capacity and help them recover. Contribution & Value Added: Regarding the empirical part, the results of this study contribute to the scholarly understanding of the resilience capacity of spa and tourism enterprises and the way spa and tourism enterprises assess resilience factors in response to the economic crisis. The present study will help managers of spa and tourism enterprises recognise resilience as a crisis management tool or strategy for business stability and adaptability to economically uncertain environment and new circumstances.","PeriodicalId":11726,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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