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Current Strategies for Vaccine Prophylaxis of Lyme Disease 莱姆病疫苗预防的当前策略
Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-2-102-113
N. Kolyasnikova, E. A. Artamonova, A. A. Erovichenkov, S. K. Pylaeva, A. V. Belyakova, A. Ishmukhametov
Relevance. Lyme disease (LD) remains an important public health problem, especially in Russia, where the incidence is consistently high. To date, there is still no available vaccine against LD, and prevention involves non-specific measures. Aim: to review the literature and summarise data on progress, approaches and strategies for LD vaccine development. Conclusions. The first LD vaccines were developed in the 1990s. An OspA-based vaccine (LYMErix) was commercially available in the early 2000s but not widely distributed. An important milestone in the development of LD vaccines was the shift from the development of monovalent vaccines based on a single type of outer surface protein to the development of multivalent combinations that provide protection against different Borrelia genospecies. A multivalent OspA-based vaccine (VLA15) is in phase III clinical trials and is likely to be the next LD vaccine available on the market. New genetic strategies for vaccine development, identification of new immunogens, and development of vaccines targeting different parts of the LD transmission cycle are of broad interest for further development of LD vaccines.
相关性。莱姆病(LD)仍然是一个重要的公共卫生问题,尤其是在发病率居高不下的俄罗斯。迄今为止,仍没有针对莱姆病的可用疫苗,预防措施也不具针对性。目的:回顾文献,总结有关 LD 疫苗开发的进展、方法和策略的数据。结论。第一批 LD 疫苗于 20 世纪 90 年代研发成功。以 OspA 为基础的疫苗(LYMErix)在 2000 年代初投入市场,但并未广泛销售。LD 疫苗开发过程中的一个重要里程碑是从开发基于单一类型外表面蛋白的单价疫苗转向开发多价组合疫苗,以提供对不同包柔氏病基因种群的保护。一种基于 OspA 的多价疫苗(VLA15)正在进行 III 期临床试验,很可能成为下一个上市的 LD 疫苗。疫苗开发的新基因策略、新免疫原的鉴定以及针对 LD 传播周期不同环节的疫苗开发,对 LD 疫苗的进一步开发具有广泛的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Improvement the Monitoring System for Post-Injection Infectious Complications 改进注射后感染并发症监测系统
Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-2-15-24
Y. I. Sisin, A. .. Golubkova, I. Kozlova, N. A. Ostapenko, R. R. Ahmaletdinov
Relevance. The high intensity of the therapeutic and diagnostic process in medical organizations is accompanied by an increase in the manipulation load on patients and, accordingly, an increase in the risk of post-injection infectious complications. In the Russian Federation, in the structure of infections associated with medical care, post-injection complications in the last ten years before the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection occupied 7.0–11.0% [1]. The question of the impact on the prevalence of post-injection complications of medical care conditions that changed during the COVID-19 pandemic remains open for discussion and study. The purpose of this study is to give an epidemiological characterization of post–injection infectious complications in medical organizations, to determine their place in the structure of patient health losses in order to improve the monitoring system for infections associated with medical care. Materials and methods. The forms of statistical observation No. 1, 2 «Information on infectious and parasitic morbidity», No. 30 «Information on medical organizations» for the period 1994–2022, 101 forms of epidemiological investigation of cases of post-injection complications for the period 2015–2022 are analyzed. Epidemiological and statistical research methods were used in the work. Conclusions. During the study period, the prevalence of post-injection complications in outpatient polyclinic organizations of the Khanty–Mansiysk autonomous okrug – Ugra was 0.10 per 100 thousand visits and 3.85 per 100 thousand treated in hospital. The risk groups for post–injection complications were persons of older age groups, and the place of risk was procedural, vaccination rooms, and neurological departments. Abscesses prevailed in the structure of post-injection complications (85.4%), with the most frequent localization of post-injection complications in the gluteal region (47.7%). During laboratory examination of the material, gram-positive microorganisms were isolated from the focus of infection in 72.9% of cases, the largest proportion of which was Staphylococcus aureus (74.3%), including MRSA. In 80.5% of cases of post-injection complications, surgical intervention was required, including 77.8% in a hospital setting. The prerequisites for the occurrence of post-injection complications were excessive manipulation load, prescribing more than 5 drugs to patients and non-compliance with the instructions for injections in 4.8%. The complexity of monitoring post-injection complications is due to the lack of a standard definition of the case in most nosological forms, deliberate concealment of cases of infectious complications and imperfection of laboratory diagnostics.
相关性。随着医疗机构治疗和诊断过程的高强度化,患者的操作负荷也随之增加,注射后感染并发症的风险也相应增加。在俄罗斯联邦,与医疗相关的感染结构中,注射后并发症在新型冠状病毒感染大流行前的过去十年中占 7.0-11.0%[1]。在 COVID-19 大流行期间,医疗护理条件的变化对注射后并发症发病率的影响问题仍有待讨论和研究。本研究的目的是对医疗机构中注射后感染并发症的流行病学特征进行描述,确定其在患者健康损失结构中的位置,以改进与医疗护理相关的感染监测系统。材料和方法分析了 1994-2022 年期间第 1、2 号 "传染病和寄生虫病发病率信息 "统计观察表和第 30 号 "医疗机构信息 "表,以及 2015-2022 年期间 101 份注射后并发症病例流行病学调查表。工作中使用了流行病学和统计学研究方法。得出结论。在研究期间,汉特-曼西民族自治区-尤格拉地区综合医院门诊机构的注射后并发症发病率为每10万人次0.10例,医院治疗为每10万人次3.85例。注射后并发症的高危人群是老年人,高危地点是手术室、疫苗接种室和神经科。脓肿在注射后并发症的结构中占主导地位(85.4%),注射后并发症最常见的部位是臀部(47.7%)。在对材料进行实验室检查时,72.9%的病例从感染灶中分离出革兰氏阳性微生物,其中比例最大的是金黄色葡萄球菌(74.3%),包括 MRSA。80.5%的注射后并发症病例需要手术治疗,其中77.8%的病例需要住院治疗。发生注射后并发症的先决条件是操作量过大、向患者开具超过 5 种药物的处方以及不遵守注射说明(占 4.8%)。监测注射后并发症之所以复杂,是因为大多数病种缺乏标准定义、故意隐瞒感染性并发症病例以及实验室诊断不完善。
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引用次数: 0
Vaccination against Measles in Patients with Oncological Disease 为肿瘤患者接种麻疹疫苗
Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-2-71-77
S. Kharit, I. Fridman, A. A. Ruleva
Relevance. Growing distrust of vaccines around the world, a decrease in vaccination rates have led to an increase in the incidence of measles and a rise in the vulnerability of people with immunodeficiency status. The aim. To study the efficacy and safety of measles vaccination in children with oncohematological diseases. Materials & methods. The study involved 107 children: 74 of them with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 33 with solid tumors. All children had a history of receiving standardized polychemotherapy. In all the subjects, the vaccination history was studied, the titers of specific antibodies to measles were determined. Children with non-protective levels of antibodies (53 children) were subsequently vaccinated against measles. Results and discussions. Of the 107 children examined, before cancer, 99 (92.5%) were vaccinated against measles, of which 68 (68.7%) patients were only vaccinated, and 31 (31.3%) had vaccination and revaccination. Protective titers of antibodies against measles were preserved in 51 people (51.5%), and 48 (48.5%) were seronegative. When assessing immunogenicity on days 14, 45 after the introduction of the vaccine, it turned out that by day 14, 27 out of 53 children (50.9%) developed measles antibodies, and by day 45, 33 out of 53 children (62.3%), the rest of the children did not developed a protective level of antibodies, including 3 of 6 revaccinated. Conclusion. Thus, children with malignant diseases, regardless of the number of previous vaccinations and the duration of the end of therapy, become unprotected or have low titers of antibodies to measles in 83.8%, and immunization after treatment is effective in 62.3% of cases.
相关性。世界各地对疫苗的不信任与日俱增,疫苗接种率下降导致麻疹发病率上升,免疫缺陷人群的易感性增加。目的是什么?研究免疫缺陷儿童接种麻疹疫苗的有效性和安全性。材料和方法。研究涉及 107 名儿童:其中 74 名儿童有急性淋巴细胞白血病病史,33 名儿童患有实体瘤。所有儿童都曾接受过标准化的多化疗。对所有受试者的疫苗接种史进行了研究,并测定了麻疹特异性抗体滴度。抗体水平不具保护性的儿童(53 名)随后接种了麻疹疫苗。结果与讨论在接受检查的 107 名儿童中,99 人(92.5%)在患癌症前接种过麻疹疫苗,其中 68 人(68.7%)只接种过疫苗,31 人(31.3%)接种过疫苗并再次接种。51人(51.5%)的麻疹抗体滴度保持保护性,48人(48.5%)血清阴性。在接种疫苗后第 14 天和第 45 天评估免疫原性时发现,到第 14 天,53 名儿童中有 27 人(50.9%)产生了麻疹抗体,到第 45 天,53 名儿童中有 33 人(62.3%)产生了麻疹抗体,其余儿童未产生保护性抗体,包括 6 名重新接种的儿童中的 3 人。结论是因此,无论之前接种疫苗的次数和治疗结束的时间长短,83.8%的恶性疾病患儿的麻疹抗体未达到保护水平或抗体滴度较低,62.3%的病例治疗后免疫接种有效。
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引用次数: 0
On the Possibility of Using the Topical form of the Recombinant Interferon alpha-2b Drug in the Prevention of Acute Respiratory Viral Infections in Organized Groups 在有组织团体中使用重组干扰素α-2b局部药物预防急性呼吸道病毒感染的可能性
Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-2-87-93
M. P. Kostinov, E. V. Markelova, S. V. Knysh, Yu. A. Lee, A. Khasanova, I. L. Solovеva, E. S. Korovkina, A. V. Linok, M. N. Lоktionova, I. A. Khrapunova, G. G. Kharseeva
Relevance. Respiratory infections are an urgent problem for organized groups, including military ones, since the transmission of pathogens by airborne droplets and household contact routes, physical and psychological stress on adaptive mechanisms contribute to the development of the epidemic process. There is no doubt that vaccination makes a significant contribution to the prevention of respiratory infections, but the contingent remains vulnerable to other pathogens against which there are no vaccines. Therefore, the search for new methods of non-specific prevention is necessary in maintaining the health of persons permanently residing in collectives. Aim. Evaluation of the possibility of using the topical form of the recombinant interferon α-2b drug for the prevention of acute respiratory viral infections in organized groups. Materials and methods. The work was carried out according to the methodology of a multicenter (3 Centers) double-blind controlled trial involving 3,235 people aged 18 to 22 years, who were divided into three groups: 1 gy. - received a recombinant interferon α-2b (Grippferon) drug 3 drops in each nasal passage 2 times a day in for two weeks; 2 g. - saline solution intranasally according to the same scheme; 3 g. - the volunteers did not receive anything. The frequency of respiratory infections was studied. Results and discussion. Medical monitoring of the study participants, which was carried out for 2 months, showed that in the groups from the Center 1, the incidence of acute respiratory diseases for 2 months in the main group (gr. 1) was 2.3 times lower than in the control (gr. 2) and the comparison group (gr. 3). In the Center 2 The data corresponded to the dynamics of Center 1: the incidence values were 2.4-2.5 times lower in Group 1. In Center 3, the values were 2.0-2.1, respectively. The epidemic effect of intranasal administration of the topical form of the drug recombinant interferon α-2b is due to its effect on the factors of mucosal immunity, which contributes to non-specific protection and increased body resistance against respiratory infections. Conclusions. The presented advantages of the recombinant interferon α-2b drug make it possible to draw attention to the clinical feasibility of its use for preventive purposes in organized groups, including military ones, from the position of high epidemiological effectiveness, both pre-exposure and post-exposure prevention of acute respiratory viral infections.
相关性。呼吸道感染是包括军事团体在内的有组织团体面临的一个紧迫问题,因为病原体通过空气飞沫和家庭接触途径传播,对适应机制造成的生理和心理压力促成了流行病的发展过程。毫无疑问,接种疫苗对预防呼吸道感染做出了重大贡献,但特遣队仍然容易受到其他病原体的感染,而这些病原体目前还没有疫苗可以预防。因此,有必要寻找新的非特异性预防方法,以保持长期居住在集体中的人员的健康。目的是评估使用重组干扰素 α-2b 外用药物预防有组织群体急性呼吸道病毒感染的可能性。材料和方法。这项工作是按照多中心(3 个中心)双盲对照试验的方法进行的,涉及 3 235 名 18 至 22 岁的人,他们被分为三组:1gy.- 接受重组干扰素 α-2b (Grippferon) 药物,每次 3 滴,每天 2 次,连续两周;2 g. - 按照相同方案鼻内注射生理盐水;3 g. - 志愿者不接受任何治疗。对呼吸道感染的频率进行了研究。结果与讨论对参与研究者进行的为期 2 个月的医学监测显示,在中心 1 的各组中,主要组(1 级)2 个月的急性呼吸道疾病发病率比对照组(2 级)和对比组(3 级)低 2.3 倍。中心 2 的数据与中心 1 的动态相吻合:发病率值是第 1 组的 2.4-2.5 倍。 中心 3 的值分别为 2.0-2.1 倍。重组干扰素α-2b局部鼻内给药的流行效应是由于其对粘膜免疫因子的影响,这有助于非特异性保护和增强机体对呼吸道感染的抵抗力。结论重组干扰素 α-2b 药物所具有的优势使我们有可能从流行病学的高度,在接触前和接触后预防急性呼吸道 病毒感染的角度,提请人们注意将其用于有组织团体(包括军事团体)预防目的的临床 可行性。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiological Aspects and Basic Directions of the Protective Medications against Monkeypox Development 流行病学方面和猴痘发展保护性药物的基本方向
Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-2-4-14
L. F. Stovba, A. Petrov, N. K. Cherniкova, A. L. Khmelev, S. L. Kuznetsov, S. Borisevich
Relevance. After smallpox eradication, in conditions of population immunity to orthopoxviruses absence, Monkeypox virus became most significant orthopoxvirus, pathogenic for humans. Therefore the generalization of data on the areas of infection outbreaks, human diseases and methods of prevention and treatment of monkey pox is important task. Aim. To characterize the problem of monkeypox in the world based on an analysis of foreign scientific publications over the past 20 years. Materials and methods. The work used publications presented in the main international medical information databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, etc. To analyze the publications, the analytical epidemiological method was used. Results and discussion. Monkeypox virus, obtained and identified in 1958, by genetic and phenotypic differences divides on two clades: West-African with lethality 3.6% and Central-African (Congo Basin) with lethality 10%. Monkeypox virus transmission to men happens in two ways, either from animal-to-human or human-to-human. Monkey pox is endemic only on African continent, but In 2003 year the first outbreak, numbering 47 confirmed cases, was occurred in non-endemic country – USA and the largest monkeypox outbreak began in Nigeria in September 2017 year and continue to the present. Comparison of the genome sequences of strains, isolated from patients in non-endemic countries, showed, that it genetically close to West-african strains, belong to II clades and were descended from a common ancestor. Many cases of disease in humans in the current outbreak have been traced to sexual transmission especially among men, who identify ourselves as gay or bisexual. The basis method for identification of agent in present time is PCR-RT targeting on the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor gene. Usually monkeypox of human is mild, self-limiting disease. The symptoms of monkeypox are varied and non-specific. One of the most frequently observed clinical symptoms is lymphadenopathy. Most patients recover during some weeks. However, specific antiviral treatment – tecovirimat (S-246) and brincidofovir (CMX-001) – may be used for seriously ill or immunocompromised individuals. For prophylactic disease in present time are use vaccines JYNNEOSTM, ACAM2000R and Aventis Pasteur (APSV). Conclusion. General vaccination against monkeypox don't develop accordingly to modern recommendations WHO. Ring vaccination is recommended to conduct for suppression of spread virus in nidus of infection among population. Timely international coordination is needed to prevent the global spread of a disease with epidemic potential.
相关性。消灭天花后,在人群对正痘病毒缺乏免疫力的条件下,猴痘病毒成为对人类致病的最重要的正痘病毒。因此,普及有关猴痘的感染爆发地区、人类疾病以及预防和治疗方法的数据是一项重要任务。目的根据对过去 20 年国外科学出版物的分析,描述世界猴痘问题的特点。材料和方法。这项工作使用了主要国际医学信息数据库 PubMed、Web of Science、Embase 等中的出版物。在分析这些出版物时,使用了流行病学分析方法。结果与讨论。猴痘病毒于 1958 年被发现并鉴定,根据基因和表型的差异,猴痘病毒分为两个支系:西非支系的致死率为 3.6%,中非支系(刚果盆地)的致死率为 10%。猴痘病毒传染给人类有两种途径,一种是动物传染给人,另一种是人传染给人。猴痘仅在非洲大陆流行,但2003年在非猴痘流行国美国首次爆发,有47例确诊病例,2017年9月在尼日利亚爆发了最大规模的猴痘疫情,并持续至今。对从非疫区国家患者身上分离出的菌株基因组序列进行比较后发现,这些菌株在基因上与西非菌株接近,属于第二支系,是共同祖先的后代。在本次疫情中,许多人类病例都可追溯到性传播,尤其是在自称为同性恋或双性恋的男性中。目前鉴定病原体的基础方法是针对肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)受体基因的 PCR-RT。人类猴痘通常是一种轻微的自限性疾病。猴痘的症状多种多样,没有特异性。最常见的临床症状之一是淋巴结肿大。大多数患者在数周内即可痊愈。不过,重症患者或免疫力低下者可使用特效抗病毒药物--替考韦瑞(S-246)和布林昔多韦(CMX-001)。目前,预防性疾病可使用 JYNNEOSTM、ACAM2000R 和 Aventis Pasteur (APSV) 疫苗。结论根据世界卫生组织的现代建议,猴痘的一般疫苗接种没有得到发展。建议进行环状接种,以抑制病毒在人群中的传播。需要及时进行国际协调,以防止具有流行潜力的疾病在全球蔓延。
{"title":"Epidemiological Aspects and Basic Directions of the Protective Medications against Monkeypox Development","authors":"L. F. Stovba, A. Petrov, N. K. Cherniкova, A. L. Khmelev, S. L. Kuznetsov, S. Borisevich","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-2-4-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-2-4-14","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. After smallpox eradication, in conditions of population immunity to orthopoxviruses absence, Monkeypox virus became most significant orthopoxvirus, pathogenic for humans. Therefore the generalization of data on the areas of infection outbreaks, human diseases and methods of prevention and treatment of monkey pox is important task. Aim. To characterize the problem of monkeypox in the world based on an analysis of foreign scientific publications over the past 20 years. Materials and methods. The work used publications presented in the main international medical information databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, etc. To analyze the publications, the analytical epidemiological method was used. Results and discussion. Monkeypox virus, obtained and identified in 1958, by genetic and phenotypic differences divides on two clades: West-African with lethality 3.6% and Central-African (Congo Basin) with lethality 10%. Monkeypox virus transmission to men happens in two ways, either from animal-to-human or human-to-human. Monkey pox is endemic only on African continent, but In 2003 year the first outbreak, numbering 47 confirmed cases, was occurred in non-endemic country – USA and the largest monkeypox outbreak began in Nigeria in September 2017 year and continue to the present. Comparison of the genome sequences of strains, isolated from patients in non-endemic countries, showed, that it genetically close to West-african strains, belong to II clades and were descended from a common ancestor. Many cases of disease in humans in the current outbreak have been traced to sexual transmission especially among men, who identify ourselves as gay or bisexual. The basis method for identification of agent in present time is PCR-RT targeting on the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor gene. Usually monkeypox of human is mild, self-limiting disease. The symptoms of monkeypox are varied and non-specific. One of the most frequently observed clinical symptoms is lymphadenopathy. Most patients recover during some weeks. However, specific antiviral treatment – tecovirimat (S-246) and brincidofovir (CMX-001) – may be used for seriously ill or immunocompromised individuals. For prophylactic disease in present time are use vaccines JYNNEOSTM, ACAM2000R and Aventis Pasteur (APSV). Conclusion. General vaccination against monkeypox don't develop accordingly to modern recommendations WHO. Ring vaccination is recommended to conduct for suppression of spread virus in nidus of infection among population. Timely international coordination is needed to prevent the global spread of a disease with epidemic potential.","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141018865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immunogenicity and Safety of 13-valent Conjugated Pneumococcal Vaccine in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis 类风湿性关节炎患者接种 13 价结合型肺炎球菌疫苗的免疫原性和安全性
Pub Date : 2024-03-03 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-1-77-88
B. T. Batozhargalova, M. Kostinov, A. Shmitko, G. V. Lukina, D. Murtazalieva, E. Koltsova, E. Zhilyaev
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of Bronchial Asthma and COPD in Comorbidity with COVID-19 支气管哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病与 COVID-19 的合并症患病率
Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-1-66-76
P. G. Svist, N. V. Torchinsky, N. I. Briko, S. N. Avdeev
{"title":"Prevalence of Bronchial Asthma and COPD in Comorbidity with COVID-19","authors":"P. G. Svist, N. V. Torchinsky, N. I. Briko, S. N. Avdeev","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-1-66-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-1-66-76","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140082460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parents' Negative Attitudes towards Childhood Immunization: What is the Basis and What Steps are Needed to Change them 家长对儿童免疫接种的消极态度:基础是什么?需要采取哪些措施来改变这种态度?
Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-1-57-65
L. Rubis, P. I. Gilina
{"title":"Parents' Negative Attitudes towards Childhood Immunization: What is the Basis and What Steps are Needed to Change them","authors":"L. Rubis, P. I. Gilina","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-1-57-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-1-57-65","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140082348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Etiological Structure of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the period of COVID-19 epidemic COVID-19 流行期间社区获得性肺炎的病因结构
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-1-51-56
V. I. Sergevnin, M. V. Rozhkova, K. V. Ovchinnikov, E. Z. Kuzovnikova
{"title":"Etiological Structure of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the period of COVID-19 epidemic","authors":"V. I. Sergevnin, M. V. Rozhkova, K. V. Ovchinnikov, E. Z. Kuzovnikova","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-1-51-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-1-51-56","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11736,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140089934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transmission Electronic Microscopy of Vibrio cholerae Biofilms on Chitin-Containing Substrates 透射电子显微镜观察含几丁质基质上的霍乱弧菌生物膜
Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-1-41-50
S. Titova, I. Simonova, E. A. Men’shikova, V. S. Osadchaya
Introduction. The evolutionary association of Vibrio cholerae with chitin provided resistance to stress and protection from predators. The most important mechanism that provided V. cholerae with the effectiveness of association with chitin is biofilm formation. The ability to form a biofilm in V. cholerae depends on the presence of a factor, toxin-corrected adhesion pili (TCP), which are synthesized by the tcp A-F genes. One of the key methods for studying biofilms is microscopy. It allows one to visualize the structural elements and study various parameters of biofilms and the effects of various factors on them. Aim. To determine the epidemiological significance of the biofilm-forming ability of toxigenic strains by their morphological characteristics on chitin-containing substrates. Study of structural differences in biofilms of Vibrio cholerae tcpA+– and tcpA– strains on chitin-containing substrates. Results. It has been shown that Vibrio cholerae tcpA+– and tcpA– strains are able to form biofilms on the surface of chitin-containing substrates. The intensity of biofilm formation is more pronounced in tcpA+ strains, because V. cholerae ctxA+ tcpA+ cells in the biofilm are predominantly singly located and the surface of the chitinous exoskeleton with which they are in contact is intact, V. cholerae ctxA– tcpA– cells form chains in the biofilm, which indicates division processes, and scattered chitin of the endocuticle indicates activity of metabolic processes. Conclusion. The strains of V. cholerae used in the work, regardless of the presence or absence of the ctx and tcp genes, form bioplecs on a chitin substrate. The indicator of biofilm formation in terms of the thickness of the biofilm matrix is higher in V. cholerae ctxA+ tcpA+ , in terms of the degree of degradation of the chitin substrate it is higher in V. cholerae ctxA– tcpA– .
介绍。在进化过程中,霍乱弧菌与几丁质的结合提供了抗应激和抵御天敌的能力。使霍乱弧菌与几丁质有效结合的最重要机制是生物膜的形成。霍乱弧菌形成生物膜的能力取决于毒素校正粘附纤毛(TCP)因子的存在,TCP由tcp A-F基因合成。显微镜是研究生物膜的主要方法之一。通过显微镜可以观察生物膜的结构元素,研究生物膜的各种参数以及各种因素对生物膜的影响。目的通过致毒菌株在含几丁质基质上的形态特征,确定其生物膜形成能力的流行病学意义。研究霍乱弧菌 tcpA+- 和 tcpA- 菌株在含几丁质基质上形成生物膜的结构差异。结果。研究表明,霍乱弧菌 tcpA+- 和 tcpA- 菌株能在含几丁质的基质表面形成生物膜。tcpA+ 菌株形成生物膜的强度更明显,因为生物膜中的霍乱弧菌 ctxA+ tcpA+ 细胞主要是单个分布,与之接触的几丁质外骨骼表面完好无损;霍乱弧菌 ctxA- tcpA- 细胞在生物膜中形成链状,表明有分裂过程;内壳体的几丁质散落,表明有代谢过程。结论工作中使用的霍乱弧菌菌株,无论是否存在ctx和tcp基因,都能在几丁质基质上形成生物膜。从生物膜基质的厚度来看,霍乱弧菌 ctxA+ tcpA+ 的生物膜形成指标更高;从几丁质基质的降解程度来看,霍乱弧菌 ctxA- tcpA- 的生物膜形成指标更高。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention
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