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Interplay of synchronization and cortical input in models of brain networks 大脑网络模型中同步与皮层输入的相互作用
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
EPL
Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad438e
Jakub Sawicki and Eckehard Schöll
It is well known that synchronization patterns and coherence have a major role in the functioning of brain networks, both in pathological and in healthy states. In particular, in the perception of sound, one can observe an increase in coherence between the global dynamics in the network and the auditory input. In this perspective article, we show that synchronization scenarios are determined by a fine interplay between network topology, the location of the input, and frequencies of these cortical input signals. To this end, we analyze the influence of an external stimulation in a network of FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators with empirically measured structural connectivity, and discuss different areas of cortical stimulation, including the auditory cortex.
众所周知,无论是在病理状态还是在健康状态下,同步模式和一致性在大脑网络的运作中都发挥着重要作用。特别是在感知声音的过程中,我们可以观察到网络中的全局动态与听觉输入之间的一致性增强。在这篇透视文章中,我们展示了同步情景是由网络拓扑结构、输入位置和这些皮层输入信号的频率之间的微妙相互作用决定的。为此,我们分析了外部刺激对具有经验测量结构连接性的菲茨休-纳古莫振荡器网络的影响,并讨论了包括听觉皮层在内的不同皮层刺激区域。
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引用次数: 0
Complex phases in quantum mechanics 量子力学中的复杂相
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
EPL
Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad5103
Carl M. Bender and Daniel W. Hook
Schrödinger's equation is a local differential equation and boundary conditions are required to determine the solution uniquely. Depending on the choice of boundary conditions, a given Hamiltonian may describe several different physically observable phases, each exhibiting its own characteristic global symmetry.
薛定谔方程是一个局部微分方程,需要边界条件才能唯一确定解。根据边界条件的选择,给定的哈密顿可以描述多个不同的物理观测相位,每个相位都表现出其特有的全局对称性。
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引用次数: 0
Constructing predictive models for seismic oscillation parameters using covariance functions and Doppler effect phenomena: A case study of InSight mission V2 data 利用协方差函数和多普勒效应现象构建地震振荡参数预测模型:InSight 任务 V2 数据案例研究
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Physics and Astronomy
EPL
Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad4412
Jonas Skeivalas, Eimuntas Paršeliūnas, Dominykas Šlikas, Romuald Obuchovski and Raimundas Putrimas
An ability to construct predictive models for identifying seismic oscillation parameters by using the mathematics of covariance functions and Doppler effect phenomena is examined in this work. In the calculations, the Mars seismic oscillations measurement data from InSight Mission V2, observed in the months May, June and July of 2019, was used. To analyze the observation data arrays the Doppler phenomena and the expressions of covariance functions were employed. The seismic oscillations trend's intensity vectors were assessed by least squares method, and the random errors of measurements at the stations were eliminated partially as well. The estimates of the vector's auto-covariance and cross-covariance functions were derived by altering the quantization interval on the general time scale while varying the magnitude of the seismic oscillation vector on the same time scale. To detect the mean values of z —the main parameter of Doppler expression— we developed a formula by involving the derivatives of cross-covariance functions of a single vector and algebraic sum of the relevant vectors.
本作品研究了利用协方差函数数学和多普勒效应现象构建识别地震振荡参数预测模型的能力。计算中使用了 InSight 任务 V2 在 2019 年 5 月、6 月和 7 月观测到的火星地震振荡测量数据。为了分析观测数据阵列,采用了多普勒现象和协方差函数的表达式。用最小二乘法评估了地震震荡趋势的强度矢量,并部分消除了台站测量的随机误差。通过改变一般时间尺度上的量化间隔,同时在同一时间尺度上改变地震振荡矢量的幅度,得出了矢量的自协方差和交协方差函数的估计值。为了检测多普勒表达式的主要参数 z 的平均值,我们开发了一个公式,涉及单个矢量的交叉协方差函数导数和相关矢量的代数和。
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引用次数: 0
Information scrambling —A quantum thermodynamic perspective 信息扰乱--量子热力学视角
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Physics and Astronomy
EPL
Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad4413
Akram Touil and Sebastian Deffner
Recent advances in quantum information science have shed light on the intricate dynamics of quantum many-body systems, for which quantum information scrambling is a perfect example. Motivated by considerations of the thermodynamics of quantum information, this perspective aims at synthesizing key findings from several pivotal studies and exploring various aspects of quantum scrambling. We consider quantifiers such as the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) and the quantum mutual information, their connections to thermodynamics, and their role in understanding chaotic vs. integrable quantum systems. With a focus on representative examples, we cover a range of topics, including the thermodynamics of quantum information scrambling, and the scrambling dynamics in quantum gravity models such as the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model. Examining these diverse approaches enables us to highlight the multifaceted nature of quantum information scrambling and its significance in understanding the fundamental aspects of quantum many-body dynamics at the intersection of quantum mechanics and thermodynamics.
量子信息科学的最新进展揭示了量子多体系统错综复杂的动力学,量子信息扰乱就是一个很好的例子。出于对量子信息热力学的考虑,本视角旨在综合几项关键研究的主要发现,探索量子扰乱的各个方面。我们考虑了时序外相关器(OTOC)和量子互信息等量子化指标、它们与热力学的联系,以及它们在理解混沌与可积分量子系统中的作用。我们将重点放在具有代表性的例子上,涵盖了一系列主题,包括量子信息扰乱的热力学和量子引力模型(如 Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) 模型)中的扰乱动力学。通过研究这些不同的方法,我们能够突出量子信息扰乱的多面性,以及它在理解量子力学和热力学交叉点上的量子多体动力学基本方面的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Ultracold atomic spin mixtures in ultrastable magnetic field environments 超稳定磁场环境中的超冷原子自旋混合物
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Physics and Astronomy
EPL
Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad4b9a
Riccardo Cominotti, Chiara Rogora, Alessandro Zenesini, Giacomo Lamporesi and Gabriele Ferrari
Ultracold atomic spin mixtures develop rich and intriguing magnetic properties when external radiation coherently couples different spin states. In particular, the coupled mixture may acquire a critical behavior when the spin interactions equal the coupling energy. However, atomic mixtures generally feature a relatively high sensitivity to magnetic fields that can set a limitation to the observable phenomena. In this article, we present an overview of experimental studies of magnetism based on superfluid multicomponent gases in an ultrastable magnetic field environment, which recently became available.
当外部辐射相干耦合不同的自旋态时,超冷原子自旋混合物会产生丰富而有趣的磁性。特别是,当自旋相互作用等于耦合能时,耦合混合物可能获得临界行为。然而,原子混合物通常对磁场具有相对较高的敏感性,这可能会对可观察到的现象造成限制。在本文中,我们概述了基于超稳定磁场环境中的超流体多组分气体的磁性实验研究。
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引用次数: 0
Universality of kappa distributions 卡帕分布的普遍性
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Physics and Astronomy
EPL
Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad4415
George Livadiotis and David J. McComas
This paper reveals the universality of the particle energy distribution function, despite the arbitrariness that characterizes the generalized thermodynamic entropic function. We show that the canonical distribution, that is, the distribution function that maximizes this entropy under the constraints of canonical ensemble, is always the same and given by the kappa distribution function. We use the recently developed entropy defect to express the generalized entropic formulation. The entropy defect is a thermodynamic concept that describes the loss of entropy due to the order induced by the presence of correlations. Then we carry out functional analysis to maximize the implicit expression of the generalized entropy. Critically, we show that the Lagrange multipliers have the same exact arbitrariness as the generalized entropic function, allowing us to cancel it out and proving the universality of canonical distribution as the kappa distribution function.
尽管广义热力学熵函数具有任意性,但本文揭示了粒子能量分布函数的普遍性。我们证明了典型分布,即在典型集合约束下使该熵最大化的分布函数,总是相同的,并由卡帕分布函数给出。我们使用最近开发的熵缺陷来表达广义熵公式。熵缺陷是一个热力学概念,它描述了由于相关性的存在而引起的有序熵损失。然后,我们进行函数分析,最大化广义熵的隐式表达。重要的是,我们证明了拉格朗日乘数与广义熵函数具有完全相同的任意性,从而可以将其抵消,并证明了卡帕分布函数的典型分布的普遍性。
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引用次数: 0
Reimagining and reinterpreting Cooper pairs, the Fermi sea, Pauli blocking and superfluidity: The Pauli principle in collective motion 重新认识和解释库珀对、费米海、泡利封锁和超流:集体运动中的泡利原理
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Physics and Astronomy
EPL
Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad44d2
D. K. Watson
Identifying possible microscopic mechanisms underlying superfluidity has been the goal of various studies since the introduction of the original BCS theory. Recently a series of papers have proposed microscopic dynamics based on normal modes to describe superfluidity without the use of real-space Cooper pairs. Multiple properties were determined with excellent agreement with experimental data. The group theoretic basis of this general N-body approach has allowed the microscopic behavior underlying these results to be analyzed in detail. This reimagination is now used to reinterpret several interrelated phenomena including Cooper pairs, the Fermi sea, and Pauli blocking. This approach adheres closely to the early tenets of superconductivity/superfluidity which assumed pairing only in momentum space, not in real space. The Pauli principle is used, in its recently revealed role in collective motion, to select the allowed normal modes. The expected properties of superfluidity including the rigidity of the wave function, interactions between the fermions in different pairs, convergence of the momentum and the gap in the excitation spectrum are discussed.
自从最初的BCS理论问世以来,确定超流可能的微观机制一直是各种研究的目标。最近,一系列论文提出了基于法线模式的微观动力学,以描述超流,而无需使用实空间库珀对。所确定的多种特性与实验数据非常吻合。这种一般 N 体方法的群论基础允许对这些结果背后的微观行为进行详细分析。这种重新想象现在被用来重新解释几个相互关联的现象,包括库珀对、费米海和保利封阻。这种方法与超导/超流态的早期信条密切相关,后者认为配对只存在于动量空间,而非实际空间。最近揭示的保利原理在集体运动中的作用被用来选择允许的正常模式。讨论了超流动的预期特性,包括波函数的刚性、不同配对中费米子之间的相互作用、动量的收敛以及激发光谱中的间隙。
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引用次数: 0
Towards synthetic magnetic turbulence with coherent structures 实现具有相干结构的合成磁湍流
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Physics and Astronomy
EPL
Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad438f
Jeremiah Lübke, Frederic Effenberger, Mike Wilbert, Horst Fichtner and Rainer Grauer
Synthetic turbulence is a relevant tool to study complex astrophysical and space plasma environments inaccessible by direct simulation. However, conventional models lack intermittent coherent structures, which are essential in realistic turbulence. We present a novel method featuring coherent structures, conditional structure function scaling and fieldline curvature statistics comparable to magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. Enhanced transport of charged particles is investigated as well. This method presents significant progress towards physically faithful synthetic turbulence.
合成湍流是研究复杂的天体物理和空间等离子体环境的重要工具,而直接模拟是无法实现的。然而,传统模型缺乏间歇相干结构,而这在现实湍流中是必不可少的。我们提出了一种新方法,它具有与磁流体动力学湍流相媲美的相干结构、条件结构函数缩放和场线曲率统计。我们还研究了带电粒子的增强传输。该方法在实现物理忠实合成湍流方面取得了重大进展。
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引用次数: 0
Lattice dynamics in the FeSi-based family of superconductors 硅铁基超导体家族的晶格动力学
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Physics and Astronomy
EPL
Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad3b37
S. Layek, M. F. Hansen, J.-B. Vaney, P. Toulemonde, S. Tencé, P. Boullay, A. Cano and M.-A. Méasson
The lattice dynamics of the superconducting materials LaFeSiH and LaFeSiO1-δ as well as their intermetallic precursor LaFeSi are investigated by polarized Raman spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, together with X-ray and advanced electron diffraction techniques for their structural analysis. We find that the Fe-dominated Raman-active modes reflect the chemical peculiarities of these silicides compared to their pnictide counterparts, with enhanced structural couplings between the FeSi layer and the spacer that can be related to the ionic vs. covalent character of the latter. In addition, we find signatures of enhanced electron-phonon coupling for some of the Raman-active modes. Beyond that, our study reveals intriguing Fe-based Raman features as well as structural subtleties in LaFeSiH suggesting that this superconductor may formally be non-centrosymmetric.
通过偏振拉曼光谱和第一原理计算,以及用于结构分析的 X 射线和先进电子衍射技术,研究了超导材料 LaFeSiH 和 LaFeSiO1-δ 及其金属间前体 LaFeSi 的晶格动力学。我们发现,以铁为主的拉曼活性模式反映了这些硅化物与锑化物相比在化学上的特殊性,铁硅层与间隔层之间的结构耦合增强,这可能与后者的离子特性与共价特性有关。此外,我们还发现一些拉曼活性模式的电子-声子耦合增强。除此之外,我们的研究还揭示了 LaFeSiH 中有趣的铁基拉曼特征和微妙的结构,表明这种超导体在形式上可能是非中心对称的。
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引用次数: 0
An information-theoretic analog of the twin paradox 孪生悖论的信息论类比
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Physics and Astronomy
EPL
Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad3eae
Mladen Kovačević, Iosif Pinelis and Marios Kountouris
We revisit the familiar scenario involving two parties in relative motion, in which Alice stays at rest while Bob goes on a journey at speed βc along an arbitrary trajectory and reunites with Alice after a certain period of time. It is a well-known consequence of special relativity that the time that passes until they meet again is different for the two parties and is shorter in Bob's frame by a factor of . We investigate how this asymmetry manifests itself from an information-theoretic viewpoint. Assuming that Alice and Bob transmit signals of equal average power to each other during the whole journey, and that additive white Gaussian noise is present at both sides, we show that the maximum number of bits per second that Alice can transmit reliably to Bob is always higher than the one Bob can transmit to Alice. Equivalently, the energy per bit invested by Alice is lower than that invested by Bob, meaning that the traveler is less efficient from the communication perspective, as conjectured by Jarett and Cover.
我们重温一下我们熟悉的相对运动双方的情景:爱丽丝保持静止,而鲍勃沿着任意轨迹以 βc 的速度旅行,并在一段时间后与爱丽丝重逢。狭义相对论的一个众所周知的结果是,对双方来说,直到他们再次相遇的时间是不同的,在鲍勃的框架中时间要短一个系数。 我们从信息论的角度来研究这种不对称是如何表现出来的。假设爱丽丝和鲍勃在整个传输过程中向对方传输的信号平均功率相等,并且双方都存在加性白高斯噪声,我们证明爱丽丝每秒能可靠传输给鲍勃的最大比特数总是高于鲍勃能传输给爱丽丝的比特数。等效地,爱丽丝每比特投入的能量低于鲍勃投入的能量,这意味着旅行者的通信效率较低,正如 Jarett 和 Cover 所猜测的那样。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
EPL
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