Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021012040
A. Arshad, Saman Cheema, Umair Ahsan
In recent years, activity recognition and object tracking are receiving extensive attention due to the increasing demand for adaptable surveillance systems. Activity recognition is guided by the parameters such as the shape, size, and color of the object. This article purposes an examination of the performance of existing color-based object detection and tracking algorithms using thermal/visual camera-based video steaming in MATLAB. A framework is developed to detect and track red moving objects in real time. Detection is carried out based on the location information acquired from an adaptive image processing algorithm. Coordinate extraction is followed by tracking and locking the object with the help of a laser barrel. The movement of the laser barrel is controlled with the help of an 8051 microcontroller. Location information is communicated from the image-processing algorithm to the microcontroller serially. During implementation, a single static camera is used that provides 30 frames per second. For each frame, 88 ms are required to complete all three steps from detection to tracking, to locking, so a processing speed of 12 frames per second is implemented. This repetition makes the setup adaptive to the environment despite the presence of a single static camera. This setup can handle multiple objects with shades of red and has demonstrated equally good results in varying outdoor conditions. Currently, the setup can lock only single targets, but the capacity of the system can be increased with the installation of multiple cameras and laser barrels.
{"title":"The Implementation of a Red Object Tracking Algorithm with a Single, Static Camera","authors":"A. Arshad, Saman Cheema, Umair Ahsan","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012040","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, activity recognition and object tracking are receiving extensive attention due to the increasing demand for adaptable surveillance systems. Activity recognition is guided by the parameters such as the shape, size, and color of the object. This article purposes an examination of the performance of existing color-based object detection and tracking algorithms using thermal/visual camera-based video steaming in MATLAB. A framework is developed to detect and track red moving objects in real time. Detection is carried out based on the location information acquired from an adaptive image processing algorithm. Coordinate extraction is followed by tracking and locking the object with the help of a laser barrel. The movement of the laser barrel is controlled with the help of an 8051 microcontroller. Location information is communicated from the image-processing algorithm to the microcontroller serially. During implementation, a single static camera is used that provides 30 frames per second. For each frame, 88 ms are required to complete all three steps from detection to tracking, to locking, so a processing speed of 12 frames per second is implemented. This repetition makes the setup adaptive to the environment despite the presence of a single static camera. This setup can handle multiple objects with shades of red and has demonstrated equally good results in varying outdoor conditions. Currently, the setup can lock only single targets, but the capacity of the system can be increased with the installation of multiple cameras and laser barrels.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81847058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021012042
Arslan Arif, Junaid Arshad, S. Iqbal
Technological advancements in solar power systems necessitate highly reliable power inverters with a high efficiency and a small size. An LLC resonant converter-based pseudo Direct Current (DC) link inverters offer these qualities to some extent. The resonant circuits of conventional pseudo DC link inverters lack the ability to attain a zero gain and cannot handle variable frequency control which in turn requires very large filters to produce pure sinusoidal output voltages for grid. The usage of these filters consequences in the enhanced price and size of inverters; moreover, the reliability of inverters is also reduced. We propose a novel topology for a pseudo DC link inverter based on an LLCLC resonant converter. The proposed inverter does not require large filters, because it generates rectified sinusoidal output voltages. An additional parallel LC component is added in series to the resonant circuit, which makes it able to attain a zero gain through an infinite circuit impedance. The 400 W pseudo DC link inverter with a 40 V input and a 400 V output is designed and simulated on OrCAD PSpice software. The results showed that there is a significant improvement in achieving a zero gain. The possible lowest gain achieved is approximately 0.125. The proposed technique attested to be more efficient than those formerly used, subsequently contributing satisfying outcomes.
{"title":"LLCLC Resonant Converter Based Pseudo DC Link Inverter","authors":"Arslan Arif, Junaid Arshad, S. Iqbal","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012042","url":null,"abstract":"Technological advancements in solar power systems necessitate highly reliable power inverters with a high efficiency and a small size. An LLC resonant converter-based pseudo Direct Current (DC) link inverters offer these qualities to some extent. The resonant circuits of conventional pseudo DC link inverters lack the ability to attain a zero gain and cannot handle variable frequency control which in turn requires very large filters to produce pure sinusoidal output voltages for grid. The usage of these filters consequences in the enhanced price and size of inverters; moreover, the reliability of inverters is also reduced. We propose a novel topology for a pseudo DC link inverter based on an LLCLC resonant converter. The proposed inverter does not require large filters, because it generates rectified sinusoidal output voltages. An additional parallel LC component is added in series to the resonant circuit, which makes it able to attain a zero gain through an infinite circuit impedance. The 400 W pseudo DC link inverter with a 40 V input and a 400 V output is designed and simulated on OrCAD PSpice software. The results showed that there is a significant improvement in achieving a zero gain. The possible lowest gain achieved is approximately 0.125. The proposed technique attested to be more efficient than those formerly used, subsequently contributing satisfying outcomes.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80340068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of two irrigation (IR1: rainfed; IR2: rainfed + supplemental drip irrigation), and two fertilization (Ft1, Ft2) treatments were studied on cotton yield and seed oil by applying a number of new agro-technologies such as: TDR sensors; soil moisture (SM); precision agriculture; remote-sensing NDVI (Sentinel-2 satellite sensor); soil-hydraulic analyses; geostatistical models; SM-rootzone, and modelling 2D GIS mapping. A daily soil-water-crop-atmosphere (SWCA) balance model was developed. The two-way ANOVA statistical analysis results revealed that irrigation (IR2 = best) and fertilization treatments (Ft1 = best) significantly affected yield and oil content. Supplemental irrigation, if applied during critical growth stages, could result in substantial improvement on yield (+234.12%) and oil content (+126.44%).
{"title":"Rainfed and Supplemental Irrigation Modelling 2D GIS Moisture Rootzone Mapping on Yield and Seed Oil of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Using Precision Agriculture and Remote Sensing","authors":"Ag. T. Filintas, Aikaterini Nteskou, Persefoni Katsoulidi, Asimina Paraskebioti, Marina Parasidou","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021009037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021009037","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of two irrigation (IR1: rainfed; IR2: rainfed + supplemental drip irrigation), and two fertilization (Ft1, Ft2) treatments were studied on cotton yield and seed oil by applying a number of new agro-technologies such as: TDR sensors; soil moisture (SM); precision agriculture; remote-sensing NDVI (Sentinel-2 satellite sensor); soil-hydraulic analyses; geostatistical models; SM-rootzone, and modelling 2D GIS mapping. A daily soil-water-crop-atmosphere (SWCA) balance model was developed. The two-way ANOVA statistical analysis results revealed that irrigation (IR2 = best) and fertilization treatments (Ft1 = best) significantly affected yield and oil content. Supplemental irrigation, if applied during critical growth stages, could result in substantial improvement on yield (+234.12%) and oil content (+126.44%).","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78882950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021013005
Junzi Sun, Irene C. Dedoussi
In this paper, we propose a data-driven approach that estimates cruise-level flight emissions over Europe using OpenSky ADS-B data and OpenAP emission models. Flight information, including position, altitude, speed, and the vertical rate are obtained from the OpenSky historical database, gathered at a sample rate of 15 s. Emissions from each flight are estimated at a 30-s time interval. This study makes use of the first four months of flights in 2020 over the major part of Europe. The dataset covers the period before and at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aggregated results show cruise-level flight emissions by different airlines, geographic regions, altitudes, and timeframe (e.g., weeks). We also estimate environmental costs associated with aviation in Europe by using marginal cost values from the literature. Overall, we have demonstrated how open flight data from OpenSky can be employed to rapidly assess aviation emissions at varying spatio-temporal resolutions on a continental scale.
{"title":"Evaluation of Aviation Emissions and Environmental Costs in Europe Using OpenSky and OpenAP","authors":"Junzi Sun, Irene C. Dedoussi","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021013005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021013005","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a data-driven approach that estimates cruise-level flight emissions over Europe using OpenSky ADS-B data and OpenAP emission models. Flight information, including position, altitude, speed, and the vertical rate are obtained from the OpenSky historical database, gathered at a sample rate of 15 s. Emissions from each flight are estimated at a 30-s time interval. This study makes use of the first four months of flights in 2020 over the major part of Europe. The dataset covers the period before and at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aggregated results show cruise-level flight emissions by different airlines, geographic regions, altitudes, and timeframe (e.g., weeks). We also estimate environmental costs associated with aviation in Europe by using marginal cost values from the literature. Overall, we have demonstrated how open flight data from OpenSky can be employed to rapidly assess aviation emissions at varying spatio-temporal resolutions on a continental scale.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73241766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-27DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021012036
Faakhar Raza, M. Tamoor, S. Miran
This paper presents the results of a field study conducted in the Punjab, Pakistan, to evaluate the socio-economic and climatic impact of Photovoltaic (PV) systems installed under government subsidy scheme for operating high efficiency irrigation systems (HEIS) i.e., drip and sprinkler irrigation systems. Agriculture provides livelihood to almost half of the rural population and recent energy crisis in the country has adversely affected the rural communities. Farmer’s dependence on fossil fuels has significantly increased for operating irrigation systems which has resulted in high costs of agriculture production. Government of Punjab has launched a subsidy scheme to install PV systems for operating efficient drip and sprinkler irrigation systems on cost sharing basis. Photovoltaic systems having a capacity of 17.30 megawatt, were installed to operate high efficiency irrigation systems at around twenty thousand acres under this subsidy project, that has resulted in an annual saving of 0.0066 billion liters of diesel. The average capacity of installed PV systems was 9.0 kilowatt, which matched the 7.50 horse power of installed water pumps. On average, the cost of a PV system per acre was calculated to be 0.000142 billion PKR, while the cost per kWp was calculated to be 0.000149 billion PKR. The research results show that the installation of photovoltaic systems has increased the adoption rate of high-efficiency irrigation systems, reduced carbon dioxide emissions, and reduced the high operating costs associated with diesel powered pump systems. The primary data about on-farm agriculture and irrigation practices used in this study were collected through in-depth farmer surveys, while the secondary data information came from reports, official documents and statistics issued by the government.
{"title":"Socioeconomic and Climatic Impacts of Photovoltaic Systems Operating High-Efficiency Irrigation Systems: A Case Study of the Government Subsidy Scheme for Climate-Smart Agriculture in Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Faakhar Raza, M. Tamoor, S. Miran","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012036","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a field study conducted in the Punjab, Pakistan, to evaluate the socio-economic and climatic impact of Photovoltaic (PV) systems installed under government subsidy scheme for operating high efficiency irrigation systems (HEIS) i.e., drip and sprinkler irrigation systems. Agriculture provides livelihood to almost half of the rural population and recent energy crisis in the country has adversely affected the rural communities. Farmer’s dependence on fossil fuels has significantly increased for operating irrigation systems which has resulted in high costs of agriculture production. Government of Punjab has launched a subsidy scheme to install PV systems for operating efficient drip and sprinkler irrigation systems on cost sharing basis. Photovoltaic systems having a capacity of 17.30 megawatt, were installed to operate high efficiency irrigation systems at around twenty thousand acres under this subsidy project, that has resulted in an annual saving of 0.0066 billion liters of diesel. The average capacity of installed PV systems was 9.0 kilowatt, which matched the 7.50 horse power of installed water pumps. On average, the cost of a PV system per acre was calculated to be 0.000142 billion PKR, while the cost per kWp was calculated to be 0.000149 billion PKR. The research results show that the installation of photovoltaic systems has increased the adoption rate of high-efficiency irrigation systems, reduced carbon dioxide emissions, and reduced the high operating costs associated with diesel powered pump systems. The primary data about on-farm agriculture and irrigation practices used in this study were collected through in-depth farmer surveys, while the secondary data information came from reports, official documents and statistics issued by the government.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85685434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-27DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021012041
Kamran Mahboob, Q. Awais, A. Khan, Tabish Fawad, Momen Rasool, Qasim Nawaz, Umair Ahmed
As the energy demand of the world is rising, more and more efforts are being made to harness different forms of energy available. Current pollution due to fossil fuels has directed the world to shift to cleaner renewable energies, such as solar. Photovoltaic, as well as concentrated solar technologies, are developed to harness solar energy. The concentrated solar tower power plant is an emerging technology and is under development having vast areas of improvement. The efficiency of the concentrated solar tower power plant depends upon the accuracy of the tracking system of the heliostats placed all around the central tower of the plant. A closed-loop tracking system a feedback method is a need. In addition, to check the accuracy of the system, a calibration system is required. This system uses different types of sensors. In this study, an effort is made to enlist different types of sensors available and their use in the tracking system of the solar thermal tower power plant. In addition, different sensors are suggested that are best suited for calibration and correction purposes.
{"title":"Selection of Sensors for Heliostat of Concentrated Solar Thermal Tower Power Plant","authors":"Kamran Mahboob, Q. Awais, A. Khan, Tabish Fawad, Momen Rasool, Qasim Nawaz, Umair Ahmed","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012041","url":null,"abstract":"As the energy demand of the world is rising, more and more efforts are being made to harness different forms of energy available. Current pollution due to fossil fuels has directed the world to shift to cleaner renewable energies, such as solar. Photovoltaic, as well as concentrated solar technologies, are developed to harness solar energy. The concentrated solar tower power plant is an emerging technology and is under development having vast areas of improvement. The efficiency of the concentrated solar tower power plant depends upon the accuracy of the tracking system of the heliostats placed all around the central tower of the plant. A closed-loop tracking system a feedback method is a need. In addition, to check the accuracy of the system, a calibration system is required. This system uses different types of sensors. In this study, an effort is made to enlist different types of sensors available and their use in the tracking system of the solar thermal tower power plant. In addition, different sensors are suggested that are best suited for calibration and correction purposes.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89979519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-27DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021008033
D. Shiozawa, Masaki Uchida, Yuki Ogawa, T. Sakagami, S. Kubo
Currently, gas leakage source detection is conducted by the human senses and experience. The development of a remote gas leakage source detection system is required. In this research, an infrared camera was used to detect gas leakage. The gas can be detected by the absorption of infrared rays by the gas and the infrared rays emitted from the gas itself. A three-dimensional reconstruction of a leaked gas cloud was performed to identify the gas leakage source and the flow direction of the gas. The so-called four-dimensional reconstruction of the leaked gas cloud, i.e., reconstruction of three-dimensional images of a gas cloud varying with time, was successfully performed by applying the ART (Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques) method to the multiple optical paths of infrared measurement.
{"title":"Four-Dimensional Reconstruction of Leaked Gas Cloud Based on Computed Tomography Processing of Multiple Optical Paths Infrared Measurement","authors":"D. Shiozawa, Masaki Uchida, Yuki Ogawa, T. Sakagami, S. Kubo","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021008033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021008033","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, gas leakage source detection is conducted by the human senses and experience. The development of a remote gas leakage source detection system is required. In this research, an infrared camera was used to detect gas leakage. The gas can be detected by the absorption of infrared rays by the gas and the infrared rays emitted from the gas itself. A three-dimensional reconstruction of a leaked gas cloud was performed to identify the gas leakage source and the flow direction of the gas. The so-called four-dimensional reconstruction of the leaked gas cloud, i.e., reconstruction of three-dimensional images of a gas cloud varying with time, was successfully performed by applying the ART (Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques) method to the multiple optical paths of infrared measurement.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81856597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-27DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021012038
Jawaria Ahad, Amjad Farooq, Masroor Ahmad, K. Waheed, K. Qureshi, Waseem Siddique, N. Irfan
Severe nuclear accidents can cause over-pressurization and serious damage to the containment of a nuclear power plant, which can result in the release of radioactivity into the environment. Filtered containment venting systems are a nuclear safety system that is designed to control over-pressurization and prevent radioactive fission products from spreading into the environment in the case of a severe accident. Iodine is one of the most harmful products among this list of fissionable products, as it can cause thyroid cancer. The removal of iodine is very important in order to ensure the safety of people and the environment. Thus, an indigenous lab scale setup of this system was developed at PIEAS to conduct research on iodine removal. It is comprised of a compressor for replicating high-pressure accident scenarios, a heater to keep iodine in a vapor form, a dosing pump for the injection of iodine, and a venturi scrubber, submerged in the scrubbing column, containing a solution of 0.2% sodium thiosulphate and 0.5% sodium hydroxide. Inlet and outlet samples were trapped in 0.1 M KOH solution and analyzed via UV-VIS spectroscopy. Operating parameters play an important role in the working of a venturi scrubber. The throat velocity was varied to determine its influence on the removal efficiency of iodine. An increase in removal efficiency was observed with an increase in throat velocity. A removal efficiency of >99% was achieved, which fulfilled the requirements for FCVS.
严重的核事故会导致核电站的压力过大，并严重损坏核电站的安全壳，从而导致放射性物质释放到环境中。过滤式安全壳排气系统是一种核安全系统，用于在发生严重事故时控制过压，防止放射性裂变产物扩散到环境中。碘是这些裂变产物中最有害的产物之一，因为它会导致甲状腺癌。除碘对于保证人体和环境的安全至关重要。因此，在PIEAS开发了该系统的本土实验室规模设置，以进行除碘研究。它包括一个用于模拟高压事故场景的压缩机、一个用于将碘保持在蒸汽状态的加热器、一个用于注射碘的加药泵和一个文丘里洗涤器，文丘里洗涤器浸没在洗涤塔中，含有0.2%硫硫酸钠和0.5%氢氧化钠的溶液。进出口样品用0.1 M KOH溶液捕获，紫外-可见光谱分析。运行参数对文丘里洗涤器的工作起着重要的作用。研究了不同喉道流速对碘去除率的影响。随着喉部速度的增加，去除效率也随之增加。结果表明，该工艺的去除率达到了99%，达到了燃料电池电池的要求。
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Iodine Removal in a Submerged Venturi Scrubber","authors":"Jawaria Ahad, Amjad Farooq, Masroor Ahmad, K. Waheed, K. Qureshi, Waseem Siddique, N. Irfan","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012038","url":null,"abstract":"Severe nuclear accidents can cause over-pressurization and serious damage to the containment of a nuclear power plant, which can result in the release of radioactivity into the environment. Filtered containment venting systems are a nuclear safety system that is designed to control over-pressurization and prevent radioactive fission products from spreading into the environment in the case of a severe accident. Iodine is one of the most harmful products among this list of fissionable products, as it can cause thyroid cancer. The removal of iodine is very important in order to ensure the safety of people and the environment. Thus, an indigenous lab scale setup of this system was developed at PIEAS to conduct research on iodine removal. It is comprised of a compressor for replicating high-pressure accident scenarios, a heater to keep iodine in a vapor form, a dosing pump for the injection of iodine, and a venturi scrubber, submerged in the scrubbing column, containing a solution of 0.2% sodium thiosulphate and 0.5% sodium hydroxide. Inlet and outlet samples were trapped in 0.1 M KOH solution and analyzed via UV-VIS spectroscopy. Operating parameters play an important role in the working of a venturi scrubber. The throat velocity was varied to determine its influence on the removal efficiency of iodine. An increase in removal efficiency was observed with an increase in throat velocity. A removal efficiency of >99% was achieved, which fulfilled the requirements for FCVS.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76686114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-26DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021012035
Nabeel Zahoor, Abid Ali Dogar, A. Hussain
The transformer is one of the most discussed and important components of electrical power systems because of its reliability, durability and energy conversion capability. It is also useful in load sharing, which reduces system burden, but is also responsible for a sufficient number of losses, as it is used in different types of electric appliances that require voltage conversion. The no-load losses of transformers have gained much attention from research perspective because of its operating cost throughout its lifetime. Many studies were carried out to achieve the highest possible efficiency, decreasing certain losses by using different methods and materials. However, the local market in Pakistan is far behind in the field of efficient core material manufacturing of transformers, which is why consumers are unable to obtain efficient electric appliances. Due to these loss-making appliances, the overall residential load increases and the consumers are charged with heavy electricity bills. This proposed study discusses core losses, different core comparisons, T/F efficiency and advancement in the core material. To accomplish a core comparison, two locally available core materials are used to fabricate two different T/F, and some tests such as open-circuit and short-circuit tests are performed to discover their losses, thermal degradation, and output efficiencies.
{"title":"Determine the Optimum Efficiency of Transformer Cores Using Comparative Study Method","authors":"Nabeel Zahoor, Abid Ali Dogar, A. Hussain","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012035","url":null,"abstract":"The transformer is one of the most discussed and important components of electrical power systems because of its reliability, durability and energy conversion capability. It is also useful in load sharing, which reduces system burden, but is also responsible for a sufficient number of losses, as it is used in different types of electric appliances that require voltage conversion. The no-load losses of transformers have gained much attention from research perspective because of its operating cost throughout its lifetime. Many studies were carried out to achieve the highest possible efficiency, decreasing certain losses by using different methods and materials. However, the local market in Pakistan is far behind in the field of efficient core material manufacturing of transformers, which is why consumers are unable to obtain efficient electric appliances. Due to these loss-making appliances, the overall residential load increases and the consumers are charged with heavy electricity bills. This proposed study discusses core losses, different core comparisons, T/F efficiency and advancement in the core material. To accomplish a core comparison, two locally available core materials are used to fabricate two different T/F, and some tests such as open-circuit and short-circuit tests are performed to discover their losses, thermal degradation, and output efficiencies.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81327876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021013003
J. Silvestre, Miguel de Santiago, A. Bregón, Miguel A. Martínez-Prieto, P. C. Álvarez-Esteban
Predictable operations are the basis of efficient air traffic management. In this context, accurately estimating the arrival time to the destination airport is fundamental to make tactical decisions about an optimal schedule of landing and take-off operations. In this paper, we evaluate different deep learning models based on LSTM architectures for predicting estimated time of arrival of commercial flights, mainly using surveillance data from OpenSky Network. We observed that the number of previous states of the flight used to make the prediction have great influence on the accuracy of the estimation, independently of the architecture. The best model, with an input sequence length of 50, has reported a MAE of 3.33 min and a RMSE of 5.42 min on the test set, with MAE values of 5.67 and 2.13 min 90 and 15 min before the end of the flight, respectively.
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