Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021012086
Ahmad Ayaz, Jamsheed Sajid, Naveed Ahmed
In Pakistan, 50.8% of the total population use traditional methods to cook by burning wood, animal manure and agricultural residue, causing enormous greenhouse gas emissions. A new type of improved cooking stove (ICS) for rural populations is proposed in this study, with the complete combustion of biomass fuel to decrease hazardous gas emissions, improving overall efficiency, and lowering fuel consumption. Numerical simulations were performed using ANSYS to show the heat transfer analysis of the proposed design. The performance evaluation tests of the prototype (roti making test, water boiling test and flame test) and the numerical analyses show that the thermal efficiency, fuel saving, burning rate and fire power durability are promising. Conclusively, the proposed ICS can help the communities of developing countries to improve their lives in terms of good indoor air quality and better health.
{"title":"Performance Investigation of Novel Improved Cooking Stove Model for Cold Rural Populations","authors":"Ahmad Ayaz, Jamsheed Sajid, Naveed Ahmed","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012086","url":null,"abstract":"In Pakistan, 50.8% of the total population use traditional methods to cook by burning wood, animal manure and agricultural residue, causing enormous greenhouse gas emissions. A new type of improved cooking stove (ICS) for rural populations is proposed in this study, with the complete combustion of biomass fuel to decrease hazardous gas emissions, improving overall efficiency, and lowering fuel consumption. Numerical simulations were performed using ANSYS to show the heat transfer analysis of the proposed design. The performance evaluation tests of the prototype (roti making test, water boiling test and flame test) and the numerical analyses show that the thermal efficiency, fuel saving, burning rate and fire power durability are promising. Conclusively, the proposed ICS can help the communities of developing countries to improve their lives in terms of good indoor air quality and better health.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82997723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021012091
Nur Fairuz Mohamed Yusof, D. Ishak, Mohamed Salem
In this paper, a modified variable step Incremental Conductance (VS-InCond) algorithm integrated with modified pq theory and double-band hysteresis current control (PQ-DBHCC) is proposed for the implementation on a single-stage single-phase grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) inverter system. As the single-phase inverter in a grid-tied PV system receives varying DC voltage from PV modules, the PQ-DBHCC strategy is deployed to regulate the ac output voltage along with its capability to deliver the maximum power during onload conditions. VS-InCond algorithm and DC-link capacitor are used as the interface between the PV modules and the inverter for tracking maximum power point. Furthermore, the PQ-DBHCC strategy also controls active and reactive power between inverter, load, and grid. The simulation results obtained from MATLAB Simulink software show that PQ-DBHCC strategy is capable of achieving the desired fixed DC voltage at inverter input and maintaining the maximum power point tracking, even under varying environmental conditions and load variations. The inverter ac output has a steady 230 Vrms at 50 Hz frequency. The total harmonic distortions (THDs) of output ac current and ac voltage are observed to be less than 5%, as recommended in IEEE 519 standard. Additionally, during full load conditions, the proposed system successfully delivers 95% of the theoretical maximum power from PV modules.
{"title":"An Improved Control Strategy for Single-Phase Single-Stage Grid-Tied PV System Based on Incremental Conductance MPPT, Modified PQ Theory, and Hysteresis Current Control","authors":"Nur Fairuz Mohamed Yusof, D. Ishak, Mohamed Salem","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012091","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a modified variable step Incremental Conductance (VS-InCond) algorithm integrated with modified pq theory and double-band hysteresis current control (PQ-DBHCC) is proposed for the implementation on a single-stage single-phase grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) inverter system. As the single-phase inverter in a grid-tied PV system receives varying DC voltage from PV modules, the PQ-DBHCC strategy is deployed to regulate the ac output voltage along with its capability to deliver the maximum power during onload conditions. VS-InCond algorithm and DC-link capacitor are used as the interface between the PV modules and the inverter for tracking maximum power point. Furthermore, the PQ-DBHCC strategy also controls active and reactive power between inverter, load, and grid. The simulation results obtained from MATLAB Simulink software show that PQ-DBHCC strategy is capable of achieving the desired fixed DC voltage at inverter input and maintaining the maximum power point tracking, even under varying environmental conditions and load variations. The inverter ac output has a steady 230 Vrms at 50 Hz frequency. The total harmonic distortions (THDs) of output ac current and ac voltage are observed to be less than 5%, as recommended in IEEE 519 standard. Additionally, during full load conditions, the proposed system successfully delivers 95% of the theoretical maximum power from PV modules.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83057828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021012080
Asad Ali, Ghulam Abbas, Khurram Shahzad Ayub, A. Imran, L. Ali, Muhammad Zaid
The particle residence time in a gas–solid fluidized bed is of great interest. In this work, experiments have been carried out to investigate particle transportation, which is a matter of concern especially in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food, and many other industries where time is the major concern, which effects the product quality. By varying the feed rate and baffle gap height in this research, the dispersion coefficient decreases significantly, which reduces the back-mixing and number of tanks as well. Moreover, the obtained results were validated with the tank in series (TIS) model.
{"title":"Experimental Study on the Particle Flow and Validation of the Results Using TIS Model in a Continuously Operated Horizontal Fluidized Bed","authors":"Asad Ali, Ghulam Abbas, Khurram Shahzad Ayub, A. Imran, L. Ali, Muhammad Zaid","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012080","url":null,"abstract":"The particle residence time in a gas–solid fluidized bed is of great interest. In this work, experiments have been carried out to investigate particle transportation, which is a matter of concern especially in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food, and many other industries where time is the major concern, which effects the product quality. By varying the feed rate and baffle gap height in this research, the dispersion coefficient decreases significantly, which reduces the back-mixing and number of tanks as well. Moreover, the obtained results were validated with the tank in series (TIS) model.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90201980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021013011
A. Filippone, N. Bojdo, Shreya Mehta, B. Parkes
The OpenSky ADS-B/Mode-S databases have been fully integrated into a computational model that is used to estimate aircraft and rotorcraft engine emissions. This paper demonstrates the basis for the method and the generalisation to a wide class of aircraft types. First, we use mathematical operations (filters and machine learning) to clean up the data and generate first-order derivatives. Then, we “fly” these trajectories using ancillary databases and numerical methods, including models for gas turbine engine emissions (CO2, CO, NOx, SOx, H2O, particulate matter). We show results for short-commuter flights (turboprop airplane), wide-body commercial aircraft, business jets, and helicopters. We demonstrate the main features, which include the ability to aggregate data depending on city-pairs, flight distance, and altitude distribution of emissions.
{"title":"Using the OpenSky ADS-B Data to Estimate Aircraft Emissions","authors":"A. Filippone, N. Bojdo, Shreya Mehta, B. Parkes","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021013011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021013011","url":null,"abstract":"The OpenSky ADS-B/Mode-S databases have been fully integrated into a computational model that is used to estimate aircraft and rotorcraft engine emissions. This paper demonstrates the basis for the method and the generalisation to a wide class of aircraft types. First, we use mathematical operations (filters and machine learning) to clean up the data and generate first-order derivatives. Then, we “fly” these trajectories using ancillary databases and numerical methods, including models for gas turbine engine emissions (CO2, CO, NOx, SOx, H2O, particulate matter). We show results for short-commuter flights (turboprop airplane), wide-body commercial aircraft, business jets, and helicopters. We demonstrate the main features, which include the ability to aggregate data depending on city-pairs, flight distance, and altitude distribution of emissions.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89939624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021012077
M. Ahmad, Ghulam Abbas, M. Tanveer, M. Zubair
Butachlor usage is increasing due to the increasing demand for agricultural products. However, it has toxic effects on surface and underground water. The experiment was conducted under visible light and the effects of parameters such as pH, adsorbent quantity, contact time, and the initial concentration of pesticides were investigated on the degradation of different pesticide solutions. The optimum dosing for ZnO and TiO2 was 0.5 g/L. Degradation by ZnO reached 96.3% and that by TiO2 reached 98.5%. The degradation effect of pH change was also analyzed and found to be higher in the basic region. The COD value was reduced effectively with TiO2. The results showed that TiO2 is more effective for degradation.
{"title":"ZnO and TiO2 Assisted Photocatalytic Degradation of Butachlor in Aqueous Solution under Visible Light","authors":"M. Ahmad, Ghulam Abbas, M. Tanveer, M. Zubair","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012077","url":null,"abstract":"Butachlor usage is increasing due to the increasing demand for agricultural products. However, it has toxic effects on surface and underground water. The experiment was conducted under visible light and the effects of parameters such as pH, adsorbent quantity, contact time, and the initial concentration of pesticides were investigated on the degradation of different pesticide solutions. The optimum dosing for ZnO and TiO2 was 0.5 g/L. Degradation by ZnO reached 96.3% and that by TiO2 reached 98.5%. The degradation effect of pH change was also analyzed and found to be higher in the basic region. The COD value was reduced effectively with TiO2. The results showed that TiO2 is more effective for degradation.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76854418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dirty surroundings impose a detrimental effect on the beauty of our environment. Hiring and paying for a large workforce to clean the debris on the roads, parks, and streets is a costly and tiring job. This project has been carried out to design and fabricate a battery-powered road-sweeper vehicle (RSV), equipped with a scrubber system. The proposed machine, equipped with scrubbers, increases the operational time while decreasing the operational cost. In contrast with typical industrial counterparts, an eco-friendly road-sweeper machine is presented in this study.
{"title":"Design and Development of an Electric Remote-Controlled Road-Sweeper Vehicle","authors":"Sunil Jamil, Talha Mukhtar, Rana Hamas Ali, Irfan Qaiser, Burhan Ahmed","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012089","url":null,"abstract":"Dirty surroundings impose a detrimental effect on the beauty of our environment. Hiring and paying for a large workforce to clean the debris on the roads, parks, and streets is a costly and tiring job. This project has been carried out to design and fabricate a battery-powered road-sweeper vehicle (RSV), equipped with a scrubber system. The proposed machine, equipped with scrubbers, increases the operational time while decreasing the operational cost. In contrast with typical industrial counterparts, an eco-friendly road-sweeper machine is presented in this study.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76799728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-18DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021012088
M. Kaleem, Muzaffar Ali, H. Riaz, J. Akhter
Solar energy is a viable source to fulfill the energy demands of a solar rich country such as Pakistan. Various types of solar thermal technologies are being used around the world, including flat plate, evacuated tube, and compound parabolic trough collectors. However, the performance of these collectors is strongly influenced by the nature of work fluid. Utilization of nanofluids with high thermal conductivity is a very attractive way to further enhance the performance of solar collectors. Therefore, this study deals with the characterization and thermal performance enhancement of compound parabolic collectors (CPC) by using non-metallic nanofluids such as water-based multi-wall carbon nano tubes (H2O-MWCNT) with a thermal conductivity of 3000 W/m·K. In the current work, multiple tests are performed to analyze the thermal conductivity and stability of nanofluids through thermal analyzer and UV-Vis Spectroscopy, respectively. Test results show that the thermal conductivity of water-based MWCNT nanofluid is 37% higher than water at a concentration of 0.075%. Prepared nanofluids are then employed in CPC, and detailed experimentation is performed by varying the concentration of nanoparticles (0.025, 0.05, 0.075%) and their flow rate (0.015, 0.02 kg/s). Maximum temperature difference of 10.5oC with volumetric concentration of 0.075% is achieved in experimental analysis at flow rate 0.015 kg/s. Thermal efficiency enhancement of 19.37% with volumetric concentration 0.075% is recorded as compared to water at flow rate 0.015 kg/s.
{"title":"Characterization and Performance Analysis of Non-Metallic Oxide Nano-Fluids in Compound Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors","authors":"M. Kaleem, Muzaffar Ali, H. Riaz, J. Akhter","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012088","url":null,"abstract":"Solar energy is a viable source to fulfill the energy demands of a solar rich country such as Pakistan. Various types of solar thermal technologies are being used around the world, including flat plate, evacuated tube, and compound parabolic trough collectors. However, the performance of these collectors is strongly influenced by the nature of work fluid. Utilization of nanofluids with high thermal conductivity is a very attractive way to further enhance the performance of solar collectors. Therefore, this study deals with the characterization and thermal performance enhancement of compound parabolic collectors (CPC) by using non-metallic nanofluids such as water-based multi-wall carbon nano tubes (H2O-MWCNT) with a thermal conductivity of 3000 W/m·K. In the current work, multiple tests are performed to analyze the thermal conductivity and stability of nanofluids through thermal analyzer and UV-Vis Spectroscopy, respectively. Test results show that the thermal conductivity of water-based MWCNT nanofluid is 37% higher than water at a concentration of 0.075%. Prepared nanofluids are then employed in CPC, and detailed experimentation is performed by varying the concentration of nanoparticles (0.025, 0.05, 0.075%) and their flow rate (0.015, 0.02 kg/s). Maximum temperature difference of 10.5oC with volumetric concentration of 0.075% is achieved in experimental analysis at flow rate 0.015 kg/s. Thermal efficiency enhancement of 19.37% with volumetric concentration 0.075% is recorded as compared to water at flow rate 0.015 kg/s.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78255646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-18DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021012085
H. Riaz, Muzaffar Ali, J. Akhtar, R. Muhammad, M. Kaleem
Solar thermal collectors, such as flat plate and evacuated tube collectors, are used for maximum of 60–80 °C temperature and parabolic trough collectors are used for 700–900 °C temperature ranges. It is needed to develop and analyze solar collectors, such as compound parabolic collectors (CPC) which can operate in an intermediate temperature range from 50–300 °C for industrial and domestic applications. However, optical and thermal performance of CPC is strongly influenced by concentration ratio. The current study presents a comparative optical and thermal analysis of CPC with fixed (4) and variable (4.5 to 5.7) concentration ratio by using model-based transient simulation approach. Two profiles of compound parabolic collector are analyzed with fixed and variable concentration ratio for the subtropical climate of Taxila, Pakistan. 2D profiles of both collectors are modeled and designed in MATLAB and are then analyzed optically by using Monte Carlo ray tracing technique through TracePro. In addition, thermal analysis of both profiles is also performed through ANSYS. The resulting optical efficiencies with fixed and variable concentration are 72% and 79%, respectively. Whereas maximum temperature achieved with both profiles is 352 K and 367 K, respectively. Thus, it is concluded that performance of CPC with variable concentration ratio is much better compared to fixed value.
{"title":"Comparative Optical and Thermal Analysis of Compound Parabolic Solar Collector with Fixed and Variable Concentration Ratio","authors":"H. Riaz, Muzaffar Ali, J. Akhtar, R. Muhammad, M. Kaleem","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012085","url":null,"abstract":"Solar thermal collectors, such as flat plate and evacuated tube collectors, are used for maximum of 60–80 °C temperature and parabolic trough collectors are used for 700–900 °C temperature ranges. It is needed to develop and analyze solar collectors, such as compound parabolic collectors (CPC) which can operate in an intermediate temperature range from 50–300 °C for industrial and domestic applications. However, optical and thermal performance of CPC is strongly influenced by concentration ratio. The current study presents a comparative optical and thermal analysis of CPC with fixed (4) and variable (4.5 to 5.7) concentration ratio by using model-based transient simulation approach. Two profiles of compound parabolic collector are analyzed with fixed and variable concentration ratio for the subtropical climate of Taxila, Pakistan. 2D profiles of both collectors are modeled and designed in MATLAB and are then analyzed optically by using Monte Carlo ray tracing technique through TracePro. In addition, thermal analysis of both profiles is also performed through ANSYS. The resulting optical efficiencies with fixed and variable concentration are 72% and 79%, respectively. Whereas maximum temperature achieved with both profiles is 352 K and 367 K, respectively. Thus, it is concluded that performance of CPC with variable concentration ratio is much better compared to fixed value.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84471061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-18DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021012084
M. Arsalan, Muzaffar Ali, Rubeena Kousar
The model-based transient system simulation approach is very effective for a performance assessment of solar systems under various climate conditions. In the current study, a hybrid array of flat and evacuated tube collector was analyzed for space heating using a panel radiator for a room with a volume of 1600 ft3 at different flow rates. A detailed model is developed in TRNSYS that consists of a hybrid collector array, storage tank and pumping device along with a building load component. Using transient simulation, the performance of the hybrid solar space heating system was analyzed from December to February for the subtropical climate of Taxila, Pakistan. The results revealed that at flow rates of 350, 450 and 550 kg/h, the range of temperature gain of the hybrid collector array vary from 2.8to 15.4 °C, 1.7 to 11.6 °C and 1.2 to 9.2 °C from December to February, respectively, whereas the variation in efficiencies are 25.2 to 70.4%, 22 to 70.2% and 18.4 to 68.1% for December, January and February, respectively. In addition, it is observed that about 5.29 and 7.97% better seasonal efficiency is achieved for flow rate 350 kg/h as compared to 450 and 550 kg/h. The resulted room temperature varies from 22.3 to 26.8 °C, 22.2 to 27 °C and 22.4 °C to 30 °C for December, January and February to ensure desired thermal comfort. Overall, the results show that solar heating systems are viable to achieve the thermal comfort in winter and thus can significantly reduce gas consumption in the country.
{"title":"Model Development and Transient Seasonal Performance Analysis of a Solar Space Heating System under Climate Conditions of PAKISTAN","authors":"M. Arsalan, Muzaffar Ali, Rubeena Kousar","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012084","url":null,"abstract":"The model-based transient system simulation approach is very effective for a performance assessment of solar systems under various climate conditions. In the current study, a hybrid array of flat and evacuated tube collector was analyzed for space heating using a panel radiator for a room with a volume of 1600 ft3 at different flow rates. A detailed model is developed in TRNSYS that consists of a hybrid collector array, storage tank and pumping device along with a building load component. Using transient simulation, the performance of the hybrid solar space heating system was analyzed from December to February for the subtropical climate of Taxila, Pakistan. The results revealed that at flow rates of 350, 450 and 550 kg/h, the range of temperature gain of the hybrid collector array vary from 2.8to 15.4 °C, 1.7 to 11.6 °C and 1.2 to 9.2 °C from December to February, respectively, whereas the variation in efficiencies are 25.2 to 70.4%, 22 to 70.2% and 18.4 to 68.1% for December, January and February, respectively. In addition, it is observed that about 5.29 and 7.97% better seasonal efficiency is achieved for flow rate 350 kg/h as compared to 450 and 550 kg/h. The resulted room temperature varies from 22.3 to 26.8 °C, 22.2 to 27 °C and 22.4 °C to 30 °C for December, January and February to ensure desired thermal comfort. Overall, the results show that solar heating systems are viable to achieve the thermal comfort in winter and thus can significantly reduce gas consumption in the country.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89078273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-18DOI: 10.3390/engproc2021012090
Sabir Rasheed, Muzaffar Ali, Hassan Ali, N. Sheikh
Indirect evaporative cooling can meaningfully improve the natural environment. It involves low operating costs for air cooling systems. The dew point indirect evaporative cooler (DP-IEC) is energy-efficient, ecological, and economical. The current study reports on an experimental analysis of a DP-IEC working under a wide range of operating conditions and integrated with a solar panel system. The electricity consumption of the DP-IEC can be met by utilizing renewable energy technology (solar panels). The system is designed for a cooling capacity of up to 3 kW, with an energy efficiency ratio of about 20. The experimental setup is investigated here in terms of velocity, water temperature, ambient air temperature, and air humidity. The temperature is dropped from 43 °C to 23 °C (i.e., 20 °C temperature drop) at 20% humidity and from 49 °C to 24 °C (i.e., 25 °C temperature drop) at 13% humidity at a fixed air velocity and water temperature. The cooling capacity, coefficient of performance, and energy efficiency ratio values vary across the ranges of 1612–3215 W, 2.93–5.85, and 9.21–18.37, respectively. The DP-IEC is integrated with solar panels to offset the electricity consumption. This research work also shows that the DP-IEC, when integrated with renewable energy technology (i.e., solar panels), provides energy savings as compared with air conditioners. As such, it is suitable for use in several areas around the world.
{"title":"Experimental Analysis of the Dew Point Indirect Evaporative Cooler Operating with Solar Panels","authors":"Sabir Rasheed, Muzaffar Ali, Hassan Ali, N. Sheikh","doi":"10.3390/engproc2021012090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012090","url":null,"abstract":"Indirect evaporative cooling can meaningfully improve the natural environment. It involves low operating costs for air cooling systems. The dew point indirect evaporative cooler (DP-IEC) is energy-efficient, ecological, and economical. The current study reports on an experimental analysis of a DP-IEC working under a wide range of operating conditions and integrated with a solar panel system. The electricity consumption of the DP-IEC can be met by utilizing renewable energy technology (solar panels). The system is designed for a cooling capacity of up to 3 kW, with an energy efficiency ratio of about 20. The experimental setup is investigated here in terms of velocity, water temperature, ambient air temperature, and air humidity. The temperature is dropped from 43 °C to 23 °C (i.e., 20 °C temperature drop) at 20% humidity and from 49 °C to 24 °C (i.e., 25 °C temperature drop) at 13% humidity at a fixed air velocity and water temperature. The cooling capacity, coefficient of performance, and energy efficiency ratio values vary across the ranges of 1612–3215 W, 2.93–5.85, and 9.21–18.37, respectively. The DP-IEC is integrated with solar panels to offset the electricity consumption. This research work also shows that the DP-IEC, when integrated with renewable energy technology (i.e., solar panels), provides energy savings as compared with air conditioners. As such, it is suitable for use in several areas around the world.","PeriodicalId":11748,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84617321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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