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Environmental impacts of toxic elements on crop-grazing soils in areas surrounding artisanal mining in the Brazilian Amazon. 巴西亚马逊地区手工采矿周边地区作物放牧土壤中有毒元素的环境影响。
IF 3.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-026-03011-3
Flavio Henrique Santos Rodrigues, Wendel Valter da Silveira Pereira, Yan Nunes Dias, Sílvio Junio Ramos, Paula Godinho Ribeiro, Matheus Bortolanza Soares, Marcele Farias Pereira, Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes

The impacts of toxic elements (TEs) have been widely assessed in artisanal gold (Au) mines in the Amazon, but few investigations have focused on adjacent soils affected by this activity. These soils should be studied to safeguard ecosystem integrity and public health in areas under the influence of artisanal exploration. Thus, the objectives were to evaluate the total contents, geochemical fractionation, and environmental and human health risks of Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, and Zn in artisanal Au mines and nearby agricultural and pasture soils in Água Azul do Norte, southeastern Amazon. Thirty samples (0-20 cm layer) were collected from active and deactivated mining waste deposition piles, as well as from adjacent agricultural and pasture soils. Total contents of TEs were extracted by aqua regia and geochemical fractionation was obtained through sequential extraction. Active mine wastes showed higher total contents of As (12 mg kg-1), Hg (0.1 mg kg-1), and especially Ba (168 mg kg-1), Cr (1141 mg kg-1), Cu (152 mg kg-1), and Ni (1133 mg kg-1). Geochemical fractionation revealed more alarming results in active mining, agricultural, and pasture areas, with moderate global contamination factors (6.1-6.9) and mobility factors exceeding 70%. Potential human health risks, both carcinogenic (indices > 10-4) and non-carcinogenic (indices > 1), were found for adults and children, especially in active mining areas and with strong contributions from Cr and Ni. Monitoring and mitigation measures should be implemented in artisanal Au mining areas and surrounding soils.

有毒元素(TEs)的影响已经在亚马逊地区的手工金矿(Au)中进行了广泛的评估,但很少有调查集中在受这种活动影响的邻近土壤上。应对这些土壤进行研究,以保护受手工勘探影响地区的生态系统完整性和公众健康。因此,本研究的目的是评价亚马逊东南部Água Azul do Norte手工金矿和附近农业和牧场土壤中Ag、As、Ba、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mo、Ni、Pb、Sb、Se和Zn的总含量、地球化学分馏以及环境和人类健康风险。30个样品(0-20 cm层)采集自活性和停用的采矿废物堆积桩,以及邻近的农业和牧场土壤。用王水提取总TEs含量,通过序贯提取得到地球化学分馏。活性矿渣中砷(12 mg kg-1)、汞(0.1 mg kg-1)总含量较高,其中钡(168 mg kg-1)、铬(1141 mg kg-1)、铜(152 mg kg-1)、镍(1133 mg kg-1)含量最高。地球化学分馏结果在活跃矿区、农业和牧区更为惊人,全球污染因子处于中等水平(6.1 ~ 6.9),迁移因子超过70%。在成人和儿童中发现了潜在的人类健康风险,包括致癌性(指数>0 -4)和非致癌性(指数> 1),特别是在活跃矿区,Cr和Ni的贡献很大。应在手工金矿区和周围土壤中实施监测和缓解措施。
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引用次数: 0
Nano-bio synergistic fermentation for nutrient valorization of agro-residues and environmental sustainability. 纳米生物协同发酵用于农业残留物的营养增值和环境可持续性。
IF 3.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-026-03023-z
Meng Cao, Fei Song, Feifei Cao, Yuxuan Hu, Ruoxi Bao, Shuolin Li, Weitao Niu

Nano-bio synergistic fermentation (NBSF) was developed to enhance nutrient valorization of agro-residues by integrating zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with Aspergillus oryzae. Agricultural residues such as rice husk and sugarcane bagasse contain high amounts of structural carbohydrates but are limited by lignocellulosic recalcitrance. In this study, ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using TEM, DLS, zeta potential, XRD, FTIR, BET, UV-Vis, and EDX analyses and subsequently incorporated into solid-state fermentation. Fermentation performance was evaluated based on total soluble nutrients (TSN), protein enrichment, lignocellulosic degradation, and reductions in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and organic load. NBSF increased TSN to 95.3 ± 3.4 mg/g and protein content to 14.6 ± 1.1%, compared with microbial fermentation alone (58.3 ± 2.1 mg/g and 10.7 ± 0.8%, respectively). Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents decreased by 38.5, 44.2, and 23.1%, respectively. COD and organic load were reduced by 48 and 61%, demonstrating improved environmental performance. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD confirmed significant differences among treatments (p < 0.001). The results indicate that combining ZnO nanoparticles with microbial fermentation enhances enzymatic hydrolysis, promotes nutrient recovery, and reduces environmental impact, offering a scalable strategy for sustainable agro-residue valorization.

利用纳米氧化锌(ZnO)纳米颗粒与米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)结合,开发了纳米生物协同发酵(NBSF)技术,以促进农业残留物的营养增值。农业残留物,如稻壳和甘蔗渣含有大量的结构性碳水化合物,但受到木质纤维素顽固性的限制。在本研究中,ZnO纳米颗粒通过TEM, DLS, zeta电位,XRD, FTIR, BET, UV-Vis和EDX分析进行了表征,并随后纳入固态发酵。根据总可溶性营养物质(TSN)、蛋白质富集、木质纤维素降解、化学需氧量(COD)和有机负荷的降低来评估发酵性能。与微生物发酵相比,NBSF使TSN达到95.3±3.4 mg/g,蛋白质含量达到14.6±1.1%,分别为58.3±2.1 mg/g和10.7±0.8%。纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量分别下降38.5%、44.2%和23.1%。COD和有机负荷分别降低了48%和61%,表明环境绩效有所改善。采用单因素方差分析和Tukey’s HSD进行统计分析,证实两组间存在显著差异(p
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of hydrochemistry, fluoride distribution, and non-carcinogenic health risks in groundwater of the Manyara region, Tanzania. 评估坦桑尼亚曼雅拉地区地下水中的水化学、氟化物分布和非致癌健康风险。
IF 3.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-026-03006-0
Aisha Murgen Kitemangu, Andrew Toyi Banyikwa, Mwemezi Johaiven Rwiza, Nyemaga Masanje Malima, Revocatus Lazaro Machunda, Gordian Rocky Mataba, Maheswara Rao Vegi

Fluoride (F-) contamination in groundwater is a major global public health concern. Prolonged intake of F above 1.5 mg/L and 10 mg/L may lead to skeletal fluorosis and crippling fluorosis, respectively. The Manyara region, located within Tanzania's fluoride belt in the Eastern African Rift Valley, is one of the areas most affected by elevated F- levels in groundwater. The extent of F pollution and associated health risks in this region remains poorly documented. This study assessed the hydrochemistry, spatial distribution of F-, non-carcinogenic health risks, and the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation using 225 borehole water samples collected from all six districts of the region. Parameters analyzed included pH, EC, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, and F-. Irrigation suitability of water was evaluated using EC, %Na, RSC, SAR, Kelley's Ratio, and MAR. Results show that F- levels ranged from 0.01 to 23.44 mg/L. Overall, 48.00% of samples contained F- above 1.5 mg/L, and 3.56% of samples exceeded 10.0 mg/L. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) values ranged from 1.00 to.06 (infants), 0.91-6.35 (children), and 0.35-2.42 (adults), indicating elevated health risks, particularly for infants and children. EC values ranged from 63.18 to 8,911.50 µS/cm, with 19.11% of samples exceeding the recommended limit of 2,500 µS/cm. The order of ions was found to be Ca2+  > Na+  > Mg2+  > K+ and HCO3 > Cl- > SO42- > NO3- > F-. Most samples were suitable for irrigation, but high salinity poses localized challenges.

地下水中的氟化物(F-)污染是一个主要的全球公共卫生问题。长期摄入氟毒血症(高于1.5 mg/L和10 mg/L)可能分别导致氟骨症和致残性氟中毒。曼亚拉地区位于东非大裂谷坦桑尼亚的氟化物带内,是受地下水氟含量升高影响最严重的地区之一。在这一地区,F -毒血症的程度和相关的健康风险的记录仍然很少。本研究利用从该地区所有六个区收集的225个钻孔水样,评估了水化学、F-的空间分布、非致癌健康风险以及地下水的饮用和灌溉适宜性。分析的参数包括pH、EC、TH、Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+、HCO3-、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-和F-。采用EC、%Na、RSC、SAR、Kelley’s Ratio和marr评价水分的灌溉适宜性。结果表明,F-含量在0.01 ~ 23.44 mg/L之间。总体而言,48.00%的样品F-含量超过1.5 mg/L, 3.56%的样品F-含量超过10.0 mg/L。危险系数(HQ)值范围为1.00 ~ 0.06(婴儿),0.91-6.35(儿童)和0.35-2.42(成人),表明健康风险增加,特别是对婴儿和儿童。EC值范围为63.18 ~ 8911.50µS/cm, 19.11%的样品超过2500µS/cm的推荐限值。离子的顺序被发现Ca2 + > Na + > Mg2 + > K +和HCO3⁻> Cl - > SO42 - > NO3 - > F -。大多数样品适合灌溉,但高盐度带来了局部挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of potentially toxic elements in surface sediments along the lower Coatzacoalcos River basin, Mexico. 墨西哥Coatzacoalcos河下游流域表层沉积物中潜在有毒元素的评估。
IF 3.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-026-03005-1
Jorge Feliciano Ontiveros-Cuadras, Hugo F Olivares-Rubio, Vladislav Carnero-Bravo, Víctor G Elías-García, Laura Salazar-Remigio, Susana Santiago-Pérez, Francisco Salvador Hernández-Pulido, Guadalupe Ponce-Vélez

Surface sediments from the lower Coatzacoalcos River basin were analyzed to assess the distribution of potentially toxic elements (PTE: Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn), identify sites of ecotoxicological concern, and elucidate the sedimentary processes controlling their accumulation. The Coatzacoalcos River estuary (southern Gulf of Mexico) lies within one of Mexico's major industrial corridors, while small urban settlements and extensive agricultural areas impact the lower basin. Several sampling sites displayed concentrations of Cr (47.5-85.9 μg g-1), Cu (15.0-37.4 μg g-1), Pb (6.6-14.6 μg g-1), and Zn (80.5-178.3 μg g-1) above background values, although only minor enrichments were observed. Ecological risk indices did not discriminate between sites, indicating an overall low to moderate risk for benthic biota. In contrast, benchmark-based classifications suggested a rare risk for Cu, Pb, and Zn, and an occasional risk for Cr. Principal component analysis revealed that PTEs accumulation is likely influenced by lithogenic sources, fine-grained sediments, and geochemical phases, including organic matter and carbonates. This region has been projected as a strategic hub for national logistics and economic development, and these findings provide valuable information to help mitigate potential environmental impacts from the anticipated industrial expansion.

通过对Coatzacoalcos河下游表层沉积物的分析,评估了潜在有毒元素(PTE: Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn)的分布,确定了生态毒理学关注的地点,并阐明了控制其积聚的沉积过程。Coatzacoalcos河河口(墨西哥湾南部)位于墨西哥的主要工业走廊之一,而小型城市定居点和广泛的农业区影响着下游盆地。几个采样点的Cr (47.5 ~ 85.9 μg -1)、Cu (15.0 ~ 37.4 μg -1)、Pb (6.6 ~ 14.6 μg -1)和Zn (80.5 ~ 178.3 μg -1)浓度均高于背景值,但仅有少量富集。生态风险指数在不同地点之间没有差别,表明底栖生物群的总体风险为低至中等。相比之下,基于基准的分类表明,铜、铅和锌的风险较低,Cr的风险偶有。主成分分析显示,pte的积累可能受到岩石成因、细粒沉积物和地球化学相(包括有机质和碳酸盐)的影响。该地区已被预测为国家物流和经济发展的战略中心,这些发现为帮助减轻预期的工业扩张对环境的潜在影响提供了有价值的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Integrative mineralogical, geochemical, and spectroscopic assessment of mining-impacted environments in a post-extractive area of East Cameroon (SW-Africa) in a humid tropical climate. 在潮湿的热带气候下,东喀麦隆(西南非洲)采掘后地区采矿影响环境的综合矿物学、地球化学和光谱评估。
IF 3.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-026-03017-x
Armel Zacharie Ekoa Bessa, Elvine Paternie Edjengté Doumo, Nadia Rhoujjati

Former mining activities in the Bétaré-Oya region of eastern Cameroon have generated long-lasting environmental impacts due to the accumulation of unrehabilitated mine residues. This study provides an integrated assessment of the mineralogical, geochemical, spectroscopic, and microtextural characteristics of mine tailings, contaminated soils, and downstream sediments to evaluate their contamination potential. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses show that tailings are dominated by quartz (up to 55%), kaolinite, muscovite, and metallic sulfides including chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and galena, while soils and sediments exhibit more heterogeneous silicate-clay assemblages. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identifies strong absorption bands associated with carbonates (1430-875 cm-1), sulfates (1120-980 cm-1), and clay-related hydroxyl groups. Geochemically, total carbon (C) ranges from 1.0 to 6.9% in tailings and 1.2-6.4% in soils, whereas sulfur (S) reaches up to 6.5% in some tailings and sediments. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is highly variable, with maximum values of 16% in tailings, reflecting processing residues. Major oxides indicate strong iron enrichment in tailings (Fe2O3 up to 13.4 wt%), coupled with elevated Al2O3 (up to 35.2 wt%) and SiO2 variability (25-60 wt%). Silver (Ag) displays anomalous enrichment, reaching up to 8 g/t in tailings, 5 g/t in soils, and 11 g/t in sediments, exceeding typical natural background levels (< 0.1 g/t). Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) reveals porous and fractured microtextures, dissolution fronts, and micron-scale hotspots of Pb, Zn, Ag, and As within altered sulfides and secondary Fe-oxides. Collectively, these mineralogical and geochemical signatures indicate a high potential for contaminant release and downstream transfer, particularly during intense tropical weathering and seasonal flooding. The findings underscore the urgent need for site rehabilitation, improved tailings management, and sustained environmental monitoring to mitigate long-term risks to local ecosystems and agricultural zones.

以前在喀麦隆东部bsamtarsami - oya地区的采矿活动由于未修复的地雷残余物的积累而产生了长期的环境影响。本研究对尾矿、污染土壤和下游沉积物的矿物学、地球化学、光谱和微结构特征进行了综合评估,以评估其污染潜力。x射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,尾矿以石英(高达55%)、高岭石、白云母和黄铜矿、毒砂、方铅矿等金属硫化物为主,土壤和沉积物则表现出更多的非均质硅酸盐-粘土组合。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)识别出与碳酸盐(1430-875 cm-1)、硫酸盐(1120-980 cm-1)和粘土相关羟基相关的强吸收带。尾矿中总碳(C)含量为1.0 ~ 6.9%,土壤中总碳(C)含量为1.2 ~ 6.4%,而部分尾矿和沉积物中总硫(S)含量可达6.5%。碳酸钙(CaCO3)变化很大,在尾矿中最大值为16%,反映了加工残留物。主要氧化物表明,尾矿中铁富集程度较高(Fe2O3高达13.4 wt%), Al2O3升高(高达35.2 wt%), SiO2变化(25-60 wt%)。银(Ag)表现出异常富集,在尾矿中达到8 g/t,在土壤中达到5 g/t,在沉积物中达到11 g/t,超过了典型的自然背景水平(
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引用次数: 0
Source apportionment of soil heavy metals based on APCR/MLR and the PMF model: a case study of the Henan section of the Yellow River. 基于APCR/MLR和PMF模型的土壤重金属来源解析——以黄河河南段为例
IF 3.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-026-03029-7
Wei Yuan, Ziqiang Su, Yuguan Feng, Mingwang Sun, Meng Bai, Pei Zhou, Luqman Riaz, Jianhong Lu, Yiping Guo

The occurrence characteristics of heavy metals (HMs) in aquatic environments have garnered widespread attention. Industrial wastewater, agricultural runoff, and domestic sewage discharged along the Yellow River in Henan Province pose potential threats to both the river ecosystem and human health. Consequently, the present study elucidated HM sources in the Henan section of the Yellow River via field investigations and model validation. The total concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, As) in riverbank soils of the studied area ranged from 0.28 (Cd)-798.55 (Mn) mg/kg.. HM levels were generally higher in tributaries than in the main stream, with significant inter-tributary variation (P < 0.05). The spatial distribution of potential ecological risk showed a pyramidal structure, dominated by medium-risk zones (61.50%), followed by high-risk and low-risk areas. Health risk assessment indicated elevated risks for children compared to adults, with oral ingestion identified as the primary exposure pathway (> 90%). Correlation analysis revealed Zn was significantly correlated with other HMs (P < 0.05). Source apportionment via Principal Component Analysis (PCA) combined with the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model quantified contributions as: industrial emissions (28.50%) > agricultural non-point sources (21.70%) > geological background (15.30%) > industrial wastewater (12.80%) > transportation emissions (10.50%) > mining activities (7.00%). Industrial sources were identified as the primary contributor to both ecological and health risks. This study provides a reference and a basis for formulating effective measures to prevent and control HMs enrichment in agricultural soils.

重金属在水生环境中的赋存特征引起了人们的广泛关注。河南省黄河流域的工业废水、农业径流和生活污水对河流生态系统和人类健康构成潜在威胁。因此,本研究通过实地调查和模型验证,阐明了黄河河南段HM的来源。研究区河岸土壤中7种重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、As)的总浓度在0.28 (Cd) ~ 798.55 (Mn) mg/kg之间。HM水平在支流中普遍高于干流,且各支流间差异显著(P < 90%)。相关分析表明,Zn与其他HMs (P为农业非点源(21.70%);bbb为地质背景(15.30%);bb1为工业废水(12.80%);bb2为交通运输排放(10.50%);bb3为采矿活动(7.00%))相关性显著。工业来源被确定为造成生态和健康风险的主要因素。本研究为制定有效防治土壤中HMs富集的措施提供了参考和依据。
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引用次数: 0
Biocatalytic and enzymatic systems for heavy metal removal from aquatic environments: mechanisms, applications, and future prospects. 水生环境中重金属去除的生物催化和酶系统:机制、应用和未来前景。
IF 3.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-026-03027-9
Harez Rashid Ahmed, Khaled Chawraba, Anu Mary Ealias, Kawan Fuad Kayani, Abrar Hussain

Heavy metal contamination in aquatic environments poses a severe threat to ecosystems and human health due to the non-biodegradability, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, and arsenic. Conventional treatment methods often suffer from limitations, including high operational costs, incomplete removal, and secondary pollution. In this context, biocatalytic and enzymatic systems have emerged as promising green alternatives for heavy metal remediation. This review comprehensively examines the current state of enzymatic and biocatalytic approaches for removing heavy metals from water systems. Specific focus is placed on naturally occurring and genetically engineered enzymes, including metallothioneins, phytochelatins, oxidoreductases, and peroxidases, as well as microbial biocatalysts and enzyme-immobilized composites. The underlying mechanisms, such as enzymatic reduction, chelation, biosorption, and bioaccumulation, are discussed in detail. Key factors affecting efficiency, including pH, temperature, enzyme stability, and metal ion speciation, are critically analyzed. Additionally, recent advancements in nano-biocatalysts and immobilized enzyme systems are highlighted for their potential in enhancing selectivity and recyclability. This review not only elucidates the strengths and limitations of biocatalytic systems but also outlines the future directions toward scalable, cost-effective, and sustainable water treatment technologies.

由于铅、镉、汞、铬和砷等金属的不可生物降解性、生物蓄积性和毒性,水生环境中的重金属污染对生态系统和人类健康构成严重威胁。传统的处理方法往往存在局限性,包括操作成本高、去除不完全和二次污染。在这种情况下,生物催化和酶系统已经成为重金属修复的有前途的绿色替代品。本文综述了目前酶法和生物催化法去除水中重金属的研究现状。具体重点放在自然发生和基因工程酶,包括金属硫蛋白,植物螯合蛋白,氧化还原酶和过氧化物酶,以及微生物生物催化剂和酶固定化复合材料。潜在的机制,如酶还原,螯合,生物吸附和生物积累,详细讨论。对影响效率的关键因素,包括pH值、温度、酶稳定性和金属离子形态进行了严格的分析。此外,纳米生物催化剂和固定化酶系统的最新进展因其在提高选择性和可回收性方面的潜力而受到重视。这篇综述不仅阐明了生物催化系统的优势和局限性,而且概述了未来可扩展、经济高效和可持续的水处理技术的发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental and ALO-optimized machine learning interpretable models for pharmaceutical adsorption onto raw bentonite. 原料膨润土上药物吸附的实验和aloo优化机器学习可解释模型。
IF 3.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-026-03012-2
Amina Bouaichaoui, Nabila Boucherit, Mohamed Kouider Amar, Rachid Amraoui, Mohamed Hentabli

Pharmaceutical contamination of aquatic systems poses an increasing environmental concern due to the persistence, bioactivity, and incomplete removal of these compounds by conventional wastewater treatment processes. This study investigates the adsorptive removal of three structurally distinct pharmaceuticals: ketotifen fumarate (KF), doxycycline hyclate (DXC), and nystatin (Nyst), using raw bentonite (RB). By combining batch experiments with an interpretable machine learning (ML) framework, adsorption kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics were evaluated. Additionally, four Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO)-optimized models: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), were employed to predict adsorption capacity under diverse conditions. RB exhibited high adsorption capacities: 178.86 ± 1.26 mg/g for KF, 222.91 ± 2.02 mg/g for DXC, and 190.25 ± 2.86 mg/g for Nyst. Adsorption equilibrium was best described by the Freundlich isotherm, indicating multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. Thermodynamic and spectroscopic analyses revealed a dual mechanism involving electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, cation exchange, and van der Waals interactions, with DXC and Nyst adsorption being endothermic and KF adsorption exothermic. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis identified adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, and pH as dominant operational factors, while the molecular descriptor nC (number of carbon atoms) emerged as key to differentiating pharmaceuticals, linking larger molecular size to stronger adsorption. The XGBoost model achieved the highest accuracy (R2 = 0.972, RMSE = 0.1225), demonstrating robust generalizability. These findings highlight RB as a low-cost, scalable adsorbent and establish an interpretable ML approach capable of linking molecular structure to adsorption behavior.

由于传统废水处理工艺对这些化合物的持久性、生物活性和不完全去除,水生系统的药物污染引起了越来越多的环境关注。本研究研究了三种结构不同的药物:富马酸酮替芬(KF),水合强力霉素(DXC)和制霉菌素(Nyst),利用生膨润土(RB)吸附去除。通过将批量实验与可解释的机器学习(ML)框架相结合,对吸附动力学、平衡和热力学进行了评估。此外,采用人工神经网络(ANN)、支持向量回归(SVR)、随机森林(RF)和极端梯度提升(XGBoost)四种蚂蚁狮子优化(ALO)模型来预测不同条件下的吸附容量。RB对KF的吸附量为178.86±1.26 mg/g,对DXC为222.91±2.02 mg/g,对Nyst为190.25±2.86 mg/g。Freundlich等温线最能描述吸附平衡,表明在非均质表面上有多层吸附。热力学和光谱分析揭示了静电吸引、氢键、阳离子交换和范德华相互作用的双重机制,其中DXC和Nyst的吸附是吸热的,KF的吸附是放热的。SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations)分析确定吸附剂的剂量、初始浓度和pH值是主要的操作因素,而分子描述符nC(碳原子数)则成为区分药物的关键,将更大的分子尺寸与更强的吸附联系起来。XGBoost模型获得了最高的精度(R2 = 0.972, RMSE = 0.1225),显示了稳健的泛化性。这些发现强调了RB是一种低成本、可扩展的吸附剂,并建立了一种可解释的ML方法,能够将分子结构与吸附行为联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal and spatial dynamics of organic micropollutants in a Mediterranean river: implications for environmental risk assessment. 地中海河流中有机微污染物的季节和空间动态:对环境风险评估的影响。
IF 3.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-026-03015-z
Farah Ali Ahmad, Darine A Salam

This work represents the first integrated assessment in the Litani River Basin, Lebanon's longest river, which flows into the Mediterranean Sea, combining multi-class organic micropollutant occurrence, specifically pharmaceuticals and aromatic hydrocarbons, in both surface water and sediment with a quantitative environmental risk assessment. Surface water and sediment samples were collected across consecutive dry (summer) and wet (winter) seasons from nine sites along the Upper Litani River Basin and analyzed using advanced analytical methods. Among the 27 tested pharmaceuticals, ibuprofen (4.7 µg/L), caffeine (23.6 µg/L), telmisartan (833.5 ng/L), carbamazepine (658.5 ng/L), gemfibrozil (71.0 ng/L), mefenamic acid (64.7 ng/L), and diphenhydramine (65.9 ng/L) were the most frequently detected, with some reaching notably high concentrations in the µg/L range in surface water. Sediments revealed ubiquitous contamination by ibuprofen, telmisartan, climbazole, diphenhydramine, and azithromycin. Spatial profiling identified pollution hotspots closely linked to the discharge of untreated municipal sewage, and hospital and industrial effluents. Environmental risk assessment results highlighted substantial ecological risks posed by telmisartan, ibuprofen, diclofenac, climbazole, and caffeine. Among the aromatic hydrocarbons, xylene, ethylbenzene, and benzene were frequently detected in the sediments at ecologically hazardous concentrations, while naphthalene and benzo[a]pyrene exhibited seasonal and spatial variability in occurrence and risk potential. The findings from this study contribute to the state of knowledge of pollution levels of emerging contaminants in a major Mediterranean river and permit to inform and guide future mitigation and management strategies. The environmental risk assessment applied in this study enabled the translation of measured concentrations into ecologically meaningful indicators allowing the identification of priority contaminants and high-risk locations.

这项工作代表了利塔尼河流域的首次综合评估,利塔尼河是黎巴嫩最长的河流,流入地中海,将地表水和沉积物中的多类有机微污染物,特别是药物和芳香烃的发生与定量环境风险评估相结合。在连续的干(夏)湿(冬)季收集了上利塔尼河流域9个站点的地表水和沉积物样本,并使用先进的分析方法进行了分析。27种检测药物中,布洛芬(4.7µg/L)、咖啡因(23.6µg/L)、替米沙坦(833.5 ng/L)、卡马西平(658.5 ng/L)、吉非罗齐(71.0 ng/L)、甲氧胺酸(64.7 ng/L)、苯海拉明(65.9 ng/L)的检出频率最高,部分在地面水中浓度达到极高的µg/L范围。沉积物中普遍存在布洛芬、替米沙坦、克里巴唑、苯海拉明和阿奇霉素的污染。空间分析确定了与未经处理的城市污水、医院和工业污水排放密切相关的污染热点。环境风险评估结果强调了替米沙坦、布洛芬、双氯芬酸、克里巴唑和咖啡因带来的重大生态风险。其中,二甲苯、乙苯和苯在沉积物中以生态危险浓度出现较多,而萘和苯并[a]芘的存在率和风险潜力表现出季节性和空间变异性。这项研究的结果有助于了解地中海一条主要河流中新出现的污染物的污染水平,并为今后的缓解和管理战略提供信息和指导。本研究中应用的环境风险评估能够将测量的浓度转化为有生态意义的指标,从而确定优先污染物和高风险地点。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: Seasonal dynamics of groundwater pollution and health risks in municipal solid waste‑affected urban settlements of Bengaluru, Kolkata and Durgapur, India. 修正:印度班加罗尔、加尔各答和杜尔加布尔受城市固体废物影响的城市住区地下水污染和健康风险的季节性动态。
IF 3.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-026-03000-6
Utpal Majee, Prosenjit Ghosh, Gabriel M Filippelli
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引用次数: 0
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Environmental Geochemistry and Health
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