An attempt has been made to identify the migrating motility complex in the ovine gallbladder and to span it with the small-intestinal pattern. For this purpose, four rams underwent surgical implantation of bipolar electrodes into the abomasal antrum, entire small bowel and gallbladder infundibulum, corpus and fundus. The strain gauge force transducer was also mounted in the gallbladder fundus, near the electrode. In the course of chronic experiments, the myoelectrical and motor activity was recorded in fasted and non-fasted rams, with or without feeding. Cyclic myoelectrical and motor activity pattern was found in the gallbladder. It resembled the migrating myoelectric complex present in the small bowel. The gallbladder pattern was well correlated with the intestinal migrating complex. Three or four phases of this pattern could be identified in all gallbladder regions. The most characteristic phase 3-like activity was longer and more intense in the gallbladder fundus as compared with the upper gallbladder regions. In both the small bowel and gallbladder, motility alterations caused by various feeding conditions were comparable. Therefore, the migrating motility complex occurs in the ovine gallbladder, albeit its putative role can be different from that in the small bowel, at least in part.
{"title":"Occurrence and characteristics of the migrating myoelectric complex in ovine gallbladder and its relationships to the small intestinal motility","authors":"K. Romański","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.580794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.580794","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt has been made to identify the migrating motility complex in the ovine gallbladder and to span it with the small-intestinal pattern. For this purpose, four rams underwent surgical implantation of bipolar electrodes into the abomasal antrum, entire small bowel and gallbladder infundibulum, corpus and fundus. The strain gauge force transducer was also mounted in the gallbladder fundus, near the electrode. In the course of chronic experiments, the myoelectrical and motor activity was recorded in fasted and non-fasted rams, with or without feeding. Cyclic myoelectrical and motor activity pattern was found in the gallbladder. It resembled the migrating myoelectric complex present in the small bowel. The gallbladder pattern was well correlated with the intestinal migrating complex. Three or four phases of this pattern could be identified in all gallbladder regions. The most characteristic phase 3-like activity was longer and more intense in the gallbladder fundus as compared with the upper gallbladder regions. In both the small bowel and gallbladder, motility alterations caused by various feeding conditions were comparable. Therefore, the migrating motility complex occurs in the ovine gallbladder, albeit its putative role can be different from that in the small bowel, at least in part.","PeriodicalId":11771,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biological Research","volume":"95 1","pages":"139-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81209641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An in-situ bioremediation study was conducted in a laboratory by using mixed microbial consortium. An indigenous microbial consortium was developed by assemble of two Pseudomonas spp. and two Aspergillus spp. which were isolated from various oil contaminated sites of India. The laboratory feasibility study was conducted in a 225 m 2 block. Six treatment options-Oil alone, Oil+Best remediater, Oil+Bacterial consortium, Oil+Fungal consortium, Oil+Mixed microbial consortium, Oil+Indigenous microflora. Out of five treatments, the mixed microbial consortium (Block 5) degraded 55.12% refine petroleum oil compare to degradation of bacterial (Block 3) and Fungal consortium (Block 4) (i.e, degradation rate were 19.88% and 18.07% correspondingly) after the end of treatment (60 days). Bioremediation ability of this consortium was confirmed by CO 2 evolution method. The result showed that 136.36 % CO 2 release after 12 days incubation. 16r DNA sequencing showed that two bacterial species were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and morph taxonomical examination of fungus were Aspergillus terrus (At) and Aspergillus flavus (Af).The ability of degradation of synthetic mixture of refine petroleum oils makes the consortium potentially useful for bioremediation and microbial enhanced oil recovery.
{"title":"Efficiency of consortium for in-situ bioremediation and CO2 evolution method of refines petroleum oil in microcosms study","authors":"S. Dutta, Padma Singh","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.501069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.501069","url":null,"abstract":"An in-situ bioremediation study was conducted in a laboratory by using mixed microbial consortium. An indigenous microbial consortium was developed by assemble of two Pseudomonas spp. and two Aspergillus spp. which were isolated from various oil contaminated sites of India. The laboratory feasibility study was conducted in a 225 m 2 block. Six treatment options-Oil alone, Oil+Best remediater, Oil+Bacterial consortium, Oil+Fungal consortium, Oil+Mixed microbial consortium, Oil+Indigenous microflora. Out of five treatments, the mixed microbial consortium (Block 5) degraded 55.12% refine petroleum oil compare to degradation of bacterial (Block 3) and Fungal consortium (Block 4) (i.e, degradation rate were 19.88% and 18.07% correspondingly) after the end of treatment (60 days). Bioremediation ability of this consortium was confirmed by CO 2 evolution method. The result showed that 136.36 % CO 2 release after 12 days incubation. 16r DNA sequencing showed that two bacterial species were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and morph taxonomical examination of fungus were Aspergillus terrus (At) and Aspergillus flavus (Af).The ability of degradation of synthetic mixture of refine petroleum oils makes the consortium potentially useful for bioremediation and microbial enhanced oil recovery.","PeriodicalId":11771,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biological Research","volume":"370 1","pages":"97-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77335738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Lewicka, M. Zawadzka, G. Henrykowska, M. Rutkowski, K. Pacholski, A. Buczyński
The article presents the results of in vitro studies aimed at identifying changes in activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) as a parameter of oxidative stress and protective antioxidant role of vitamin A during the exposure of blood platelets to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) generated by LCD monitors. Blood platelets were exposed to an electromagnetic radiation for 30 min. and 60 min. generated by monitors, which is characterized by parameters: 1 kHz frequency and 220 V/m intensity. The enzymatic activity of SOD-1 increases significantly compared to control values after 30 min. of exposure to EMR (from 2523.39 U/g protein to 3896.15 U/g protein), and decreases after 60 min (to 2846.58 U/g protein). A significant decrease in enzyme activity after the addition of vitamin A was noticed (to 1569.54 U/g protein). In samples exposed for 30 min. the SOD activity was significantly increased by addition of vitamin A and decreases after 60 min. Changes in enzymatic activity of SOD-1 dependent on exposure time and application of vitamin A suggest an important preventive role of vitamin A to protect against the effects of EMR which we are exposed to in everyday life.
{"title":"Antioxidant response of vitamin A during the exposure of blood platelets to electromagnetic radiation generated by LCD monitors - in vitro study","authors":"M. Lewicka, M. Zawadzka, G. Henrykowska, M. Rutkowski, K. Pacholski, A. Buczyński","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.321600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.321600","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of in vitro studies aimed at identifying changes in activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) as a parameter of oxidative stress and protective antioxidant role of vitamin A during the exposure of blood platelets to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) generated by LCD monitors. Blood platelets were exposed to an electromagnetic radiation for 30 min. and 60 min. generated by monitors, which is characterized by parameters: 1 kHz frequency and 220 V/m intensity. The enzymatic activity of SOD-1 increases significantly compared to control values after 30 min. of exposure to EMR (from 2523.39 U/g protein to 3896.15 U/g protein), and decreases after 60 min (to 2846.58 U/g protein). A significant decrease in enzyme activity after the addition of vitamin A was noticed (to 1569.54 U/g protein). In samples exposed for 30 min. the SOD activity was significantly increased by addition of vitamin A and decreases after 60 min. Changes in enzymatic activity of SOD-1 dependent on exposure time and application of vitamin A suggest an important preventive role of vitamin A to protect against the effects of EMR which we are exposed to in everyday life.","PeriodicalId":11771,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biological Research","volume":"11 15 1","pages":"68-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78401785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamshid Eslamdoust, H. Sohrabi, S. Hosseini, B. Naseri
Leaf area (LA) and leaf biomass (LB) are important variables for most physiological, horticultural and agronomic studies involving plant growth, development rate, radiation use efficiency, and water or nutrient use. Measuring these variables need destructive and aggressive sampling. Fortunately, evolving allometric equations can help for low cost and non-destructive estimation of such variables. The aims of this study are Estimate, compare and develop allometric models of LA and LB per tree and per stand for Alnus subcordata (AS), Populus deltoides (PD) and Taxodium distichum (TD) plantations. We selected 12 sample trees in each stand. Leaf Fresh weight of randomly selected branches was weighted in the field. Branch-level LA was modeled as a function of branch diameter (R 2 > 0.8) and total fresh weight of LB has been calculated for each sampled tree. For each species, 100 leaves from all canopy directions of trees were randomly selected and transported to the laboratory. At the lab, leaf area has been measured using leaf area meter. Allometric equations were derived using regression analysis. For all species, derived equations showed high accuracy (R 2 ranged from 0.837 to 0.947). However, with respect to mean square error, power regression equations (individual leaf area = a(L×W)b and LA or LB = a DBH b ) are best models to estimate Individual Leaf Area, LA, and LB of AS, PD, and PD. The highest LAI was in the order of 16.9 > 5.5 > 4.5 for AS, PD, and TD, respectively.
{"title":"Leaf biomass and leaf area equations for three planted trees in Iran","authors":"Jamshid Eslamdoust, H. Sohrabi, S. Hosseini, B. Naseri","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.267914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.267914","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf area (LA) and leaf biomass (LB) are important variables for most physiological, horticultural and agronomic studies involving plant growth, development rate, radiation use efficiency, and water or nutrient use. Measuring these variables need destructive and aggressive sampling. Fortunately, evolving allometric equations can help for low cost and non-destructive estimation of such variables. The aims of this study are Estimate, compare and develop allometric models of LA and LB per tree and per stand for Alnus subcordata (AS), Populus deltoides (PD) and Taxodium distichum (TD) plantations. We selected 12 sample trees in each stand. Leaf Fresh weight of randomly selected branches was weighted in the field. Branch-level LA was modeled as a function of branch diameter (R 2 > 0.8) and total fresh weight of LB has been calculated for each sampled tree. For each species, 100 leaves from all canopy directions of trees were randomly selected and transported to the laboratory. At the lab, leaf area has been measured using leaf area meter. Allometric equations were derived using regression analysis. For all species, derived equations showed high accuracy (R 2 ranged from 0.837 to 0.947). However, with respect to mean square error, power regression equations (individual leaf area = a(L×W)b and LA or LB = a DBH b ) are best models to estimate Individual Leaf Area, LA, and LB of AS, PD, and PD. The highest LAI was in the order of 16.9 > 5.5 > 4.5 for AS, PD, and TD, respectively.","PeriodicalId":11771,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biological Research","volume":"401 1","pages":"50-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80165085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. H. Abd‐Alla, A. E. El-Enany, T. R. Mohamed, Manal El Zohri, Ibrahim M. Nafady
This study was devoted to exploring the natural nodulation and nitrogen fixation of wild legumes grown in different Egyptian habitats. These habitats are representative to four phytogeographical regions. Sites that inhabited by Melilotus indicus, Medicago polymorpha, Trifolium resupinatum, Trigonella hamosa and Vicia sativa in each region were selected for study. High nodulation, nitrogen fixation and plant biomass were recorded in plants grown at Nile region and Oases compared with those at Mediterranean region and Sinai. The inhibition in nodulation and potential of nitrogen fixation in legumes at MR and S were attributed to drought and low soil fertility. Differences in species, regions or their interaction have significant effect on nodulation, legheamoglobin, nitroginase activity and biomass of nodules, shoots and roots; the magnitude of effect due to different species was the greatest. Five rhizobial isolates ( Sinorhizobium fredii , Rhizobium mesosinicum, Rhizobium daejeonense, Rhizobium huautlense, Rhizobium alamii ) recovered from root nodules of the five species were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence. The indigenous rhizobia of legumes grown at MR and S expected to be exhibit higher tolerance to the existing harsh environmental conditions. These rhizobia can be used as inoculants for crop legumes under unfavorable environmental conditions of agroecosystems or recently reclaimed desert.
{"title":"Nodulation and nitrogen fixation of some wild legumes from differing habitats in Egypt","authors":"M. H. Abd‐Alla, A. E. El-Enany, T. R. Mohamed, Manal El Zohri, Ibrahim M. Nafady","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.224013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.224013","url":null,"abstract":"This study was devoted to exploring the natural nodulation and nitrogen fixation of wild legumes grown in different Egyptian habitats. These habitats are representative to four phytogeographical regions. Sites that inhabited by Melilotus indicus, Medicago polymorpha, Trifolium resupinatum, Trigonella hamosa and Vicia sativa in each region were selected for study. High nodulation, nitrogen fixation and plant biomass were recorded in plants grown at Nile region and Oases compared with those at Mediterranean region and Sinai. The inhibition in nodulation and potential of nitrogen fixation in legumes at MR and S were attributed to drought and low soil fertility. Differences in species, regions or their interaction have significant effect on nodulation, legheamoglobin, nitroginase activity and biomass of nodules, shoots and roots; the magnitude of effect due to different species was the greatest. Five rhizobial isolates ( Sinorhizobium fredii , Rhizobium mesosinicum, Rhizobium daejeonense, Rhizobium huautlense, Rhizobium alamii ) recovered from root nodules of the five species were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence. The indigenous rhizobia of legumes grown at MR and S expected to be exhibit higher tolerance to the existing harsh environmental conditions. These rhizobia can be used as inoculants for crop legumes under unfavorable environmental conditions of agroecosystems or recently reclaimed desert.","PeriodicalId":11771,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biological Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"9-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73150886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the response of two wheat cultivars to boron toxicity stress. Plants were cultivated in sand culture and boron was applied to the culture for 10-day. Symptoms, tiller number, boron concentration, soluble sugars, proteins and other free amino acids than proline were studied. The differences between the cultivars were apparent from higher boron and the chlorosis in tolerant cultivar was about 7% compared to the sensitive one 70%. Tiller number gradual decreased in tolerant-cultivar, while in sensitive one a dramatic reduction was exhibited by increasing boron level in culture media. In most boron levels, although the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates was significantly stimulated in shoot of B-sensitive cultivar (Gemmeza 9; S), there were no appreciable differences in the production of carbohydrates in shoot of B-tolerant cultivar (Sakha 93; T). However, the soluble proteins production did not affect by most boron levels in both cultivars. The presence of boron at various concentrations induced a production of free amino acids in shoots of each of the two test cultivars. Tiller number (yield index) decreased in the two test cultivars and was in range 50-59 and 84-92% less than control plants for tolerant and sensitive cultivar, respectively.
{"title":"Physiological Responses To Excess Boron In Wheat Cultivars","authors":"A. Metwally, R. El-Shazoly, A. Hamada","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.200373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.200373","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the response of two wheat cultivars to boron toxicity stress. Plants were cultivated in sand culture and boron was applied to the culture for 10-day. Symptoms, tiller number, boron concentration, soluble sugars, proteins and other free amino acids than proline were studied. The differences between the cultivars were apparent from higher boron and the chlorosis in tolerant cultivar was about 7% compared to the sensitive one 70%. Tiller number gradual decreased in tolerant-cultivar, while in sensitive one a dramatic reduction was exhibited by increasing boron level in culture media. In most boron levels, although the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates was significantly stimulated in shoot of B-sensitive cultivar (Gemmeza 9; S), there were no appreciable differences in the production of carbohydrates in shoot of B-tolerant cultivar (Sakha 93; T). However, the soluble proteins production did not affect by most boron levels in both cultivars. The presence of boron at various concentrations induced a production of free amino acids in shoots of each of the two test cultivars. Tiller number (yield index) decreased in the two test cultivars and was in range 50-59 and 84-92% less than control plants for tolerant and sensitive cultivar, respectively.","PeriodicalId":11771,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Biological Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86131975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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