Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104894
Zoë M. Kissane , Kristin S. Warren , Lian Yeap , Jill M. Shephard
Wildlife toxicology faces increasing threats from pesticide use, yet the impacts on biodiversity remain unclear, as current toxicity thresholds often rely on laboratory data that do not reflect environmental exposure. Here we present a two-step methodology integrating ecotoxicology and movement ecology to investigate pesticide exposure in endangered Carnaby’s cockatoos (Zanda latirostris). Using GPS telemetry and satellite tracking, this study identified pesticide exposure sites and quantified the likelihood and consequences of exposure. A total of 26 pesticides were detected in forage sources (agricultural seed), with 80 % of seed samples having one or more pesticides detected. The Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) was exceeded for multiple pesticides including imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, difenoconazole and metalaxyl. Results have highlighted the risks that granivorous birds face being exposed to insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides in agroecosystems. This methodology is broad in scope and applicable across species, providing the ecological realism missing in laboratory-based studies.
{"title":"Hazard identification and ecological risk assessment of pesticide exposure in wildlife using GPS telemetry: Case study on endangered Carnaby’s Cockatoos","authors":"Zoë M. Kissane , Kristin S. Warren , Lian Yeap , Jill M. Shephard","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wildlife toxicology faces increasing threats from pesticide use, yet the impacts on biodiversity remain unclear, as current toxicity thresholds often rely on laboratory data that do not reflect environmental exposure. Here we present a two-step methodology integrating ecotoxicology and movement ecology to investigate pesticide exposure in endangered Carnaby’s cockatoos (Zanda latirostris). Using GPS telemetry and satellite tracking, this study identified pesticide exposure sites and quantified the likelihood and consequences of exposure. A total of 26 pesticides were detected in forage sources (agricultural seed), with 80 % of seed samples having one or more pesticides detected. The Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) was exceeded for multiple pesticides including imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, difenoconazole and metalaxyl. Results have highlighted the risks that granivorous birds face being exposed to insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides in agroecosystems. This methodology is broad in scope and applicable across species, providing the ecological realism missing in laboratory-based studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104894"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104893
Reyes-Zavala Axel , Pérez-Vázquez Francisco Javier , Fernández-Macias Juan-Carlos , Barbier Olivier , Ortega-Romero Manolo , Saldaña-Villanueva Kelvin , Méndez-Rodríguez Karen Beatriz
Artisanal brick-making exposes workers to mixtures of environmental contaminants under precarious conditions. This study assessed exposure to PAHs, arsenic, fluoride, lead, and their associations with early kidney damage biomarkers in 109 adults from three brick-making communities in central Mexico. Urinary and blood concentrations of contaminants were measured using validated analytical methods, and renal biomarkers (CYS-C, B2M, OPN, KIM-1, NGAL) were quantified via multiplex ELISA. Median urinary concentrations of 1-OH-PYR (1.3–2.3 µmol/mol uCr), arsenic (20.8–45.3 µg/L), and fluoride (1.6–2.6 mg/g uCr) exceeded reference values in a substantial proportion of participants. Cystatin-C and osteopontin showed significant associations with arsenic, fluoride, and PAH metabolites, including nonlinear relationships. No consistent associations were found for NGAL or KIM-1. These findings provide evidence of early renal alterations related to environmental exposures and support the utility of early-effect biomarkers for public health surveillance in vulnerable populations exposed to nephrotoxic mixtures under informal occupational conditions.
手工制砖使工人在危险的条件下暴露于环境污染物的混合物中。本研究评估了来自墨西哥中部三个制砖社区的109名成年人暴露于多环芳烃、砷、氟化物、铅及其与早期肾损伤生物标志物的关系。采用验证的分析方法测量尿和血中污染物浓度，并通过多重ELISA定量肾脏生物标志物（CYS-C、B2M、OPN、KIM-1、NGAL）。在相当大比例的参与者中，1- o - pyr（1.3-2.3µmol/mol uCr）、砷（20.8-45.3 µg/L）和氟化物（1.6-2.6 mg/g uCr）的尿中浓度超过参考值。胱氨酸抑素c和骨桥蛋白与砷、氟化物和多环芳烃代谢产物有显著相关性，包括非线性关系。没有发现NGAL或KIM-1的一致关联。这些发现提供了与环境暴露相关的早期肾脏改变的证据，并支持在非正式职业条件下暴露于肾毒性混合物的弱势群体中，早期效应生物标志物在公共卫生监测中的效用。
{"title":"Assessment of early kidney function biomarkers and environmental exposure to contaminant mixtures in Mexican brick-making workers under precarious labor conditions","authors":"Reyes-Zavala Axel , Pérez-Vázquez Francisco Javier , Fernández-Macias Juan-Carlos , Barbier Olivier , Ortega-Romero Manolo , Saldaña-Villanueva Kelvin , Méndez-Rodríguez Karen Beatriz","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artisanal brick-making exposes workers to mixtures of environmental contaminants under precarious conditions. This study assessed exposure to PAHs, arsenic, fluoride, lead, and their associations with early kidney damage biomarkers in 109 adults from three brick-making communities in central Mexico. Urinary and blood concentrations of contaminants were measured using validated analytical methods, and renal biomarkers (CYS-C, B2M, OPN, KIM-1, NGAL) were quantified via multiplex ELISA. Median urinary concentrations of 1-OH-PYR (1.3–2.3 µmol/mol uCr), arsenic (20.8–45.3 µg/L), and fluoride (1.6–2.6 mg/g uCr) exceeded reference values in a substantial proportion of participants. Cystatin-C and osteopontin showed significant associations with arsenic, fluoride, and PAH metabolites, including nonlinear relationships. No consistent associations were found for NGAL or KIM-1. These findings provide evidence of early renal alterations related to environmental exposures and support the utility of early-effect biomarkers for public health surveillance in vulnerable populations exposed to nephrotoxic mixtures under informal occupational conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104909
Ryan Brownlee , Maria E.A. Galiciolli , Lucy Joshee , Adam M. Kiefer , Caryn S. Seney , Christy C. Bridges
The processing of gold ore with both mercury (Hg) and cyanide (-CN) leads to widespread environmental contamination. Hg and its related compounds form complexes with -CN in the environment, which may result in human exposure through ingestion of contaminated food or water. The kidney is a significant site of Hg accumulation, but the mechanisms by which mercuric cyanide (Hg(CN)n2-n) and methylmercuric cyanide (H3CHg(CN)n1-n) complexes are taken up by renal tubular cells are unknown. We hypothesized that the organic anion transporter (OAT1) is involved in the uptake of these complexes. To test this hypothesis, the time course, temperature-dependence, saturation kinetics, and substrate specificity of Hg uptake were examined in human embryonic kidney cells stably transfected with OAT1. Our data show that these complexes are taken into proximal tubular cells via OAT1. These data are the first to identify a mechanism involved in the uptake of mercuric-cyanide species into proximal tubular cells.
{"title":"Organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) is a mechanism for uptake of mercuric-cyanide complexes into proximal tubular cells","authors":"Ryan Brownlee , Maria E.A. Galiciolli , Lucy Joshee , Adam M. Kiefer , Caryn S. Seney , Christy C. Bridges","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The processing of gold ore with both mercury (Hg) and cyanide (<sup>-</sup>CN) leads to widespread environmental contamination. Hg and its related compounds form complexes with <sup>-</sup>CN in the environment, which may result in human exposure through ingestion of contaminated food or water. The kidney is a significant site of Hg accumulation, but the mechanisms by which mercuric cyanide (Hg(CN)<sub>n</sub><sup>2-n</sup>) and methylmercuric cyanide (H<sub>3</sub>CHg(CN)<sub>n</sub><sup>1-n</sup>) complexes are taken up by renal tubular cells are unknown. We hypothesized that the organic anion transporter (OAT1) is involved in the uptake of these complexes. To test this hypothesis, the time course, temperature-dependence, saturation kinetics, and substrate specificity of Hg uptake were examined in human embryonic kidney cells stably transfected with OAT1. Our data show that these complexes are taken into proximal tubular cells via OAT1. These data are the first to identify a mechanism involved in the uptake of mercuric-cyanide species into proximal tubular cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104909"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104910
Natália P.V.M. Faria , Amanda da S. Guerreiro , Giovana S. Branco , Mariana F. de Campos , Renata G. Moreira , Ismael E. Lozano , Renato M. Honji
Phenanthrene (PHE), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), poses significant risks to marine biota, yet its behavioral and physiological effects on fish, particularly on Epinephelus marginatus, remain poorly understood. This study therefore aimed to assess the acute (96 h) effects of PHE exposure (0.1 and 1 mg L⁻¹) on juvenile E. marginatus (n = 15 per treatment) compared to an ethanol control (0.004 %). Behavioral endpoints, oxidative stress biomarkers, plasma cortisol levels, and acetylcholinesterase activity were evaluated in the same individuals. PHE-exposed fish exhibited pronounced behavioral disturbances, including reduced agonistic interactions and loss of equilibrium at the highest concentration, which may compromise social hierarchy and predator avoidance. Although acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzymes remained unchanged, the higher PHE concentration triggered increased plasma cortisol and hepatic lipid peroxidation, indicating stress axis activation and oxidative damage. These results provide the first integrated evidence of neurobehavioral and physiological disruption in E. marginatus under PHE exposure.
{"title":"Impacts of phenanthrene on juveniles of dusky grouper, Epinephelus marginatus (Perciformes: Serranidae): Behavioral, endocrine and oxidative effects","authors":"Natália P.V.M. Faria , Amanda da S. Guerreiro , Giovana S. Branco , Mariana F. de Campos , Renata G. Moreira , Ismael E. Lozano , Renato M. Honji","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phenanthrene (PHE), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), poses significant risks to marine biota, yet its behavioral and physiological effects on fish, particularly on <em>Epinephelus marginatus</em>, remain poorly understood. This study therefore aimed to assess the acute (96 h) effects of PHE exposure (0.1 and 1 mg L⁻¹) on juvenile <em>E. marginatus</em> (n = 15 per treatment) compared to an ethanol control (0.004 %). Behavioral endpoints, oxidative stress biomarkers, plasma cortisol levels, and acetylcholinesterase activity were evaluated in the same individuals. PHE-exposed fish exhibited pronounced behavioral disturbances, including reduced agonistic interactions and loss of equilibrium at the highest concentration, which may compromise social hierarchy and predator avoidance. Although acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzymes remained unchanged, the higher PHE concentration triggered increased plasma cortisol and hepatic lipid peroxidation, indicating stress axis activation and oxidative damage. These results provide the first integrated evidence of neurobehavioral and physiological disruption in <em>E. marginatus</em> under PHE exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104910"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104916
Keanu Ryan , Carlijn R. Hooijmans , Fréderique Struijs , Stijn van den Munckhof , Romy Kiffen , Albert Dahan , Sebastian Hoffmann , Daniele Mandrioli , Julia ML Menon , Nel Roeleveld , Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga , Vivi Schlünssen , Michel MRF Struys , Paul TJ Scheepers
Epidemiological studies have raised concerns about health risks from occupational exposure to inhalation anesthetics. This study aimed to systematically search, select and appraise the evidence from animal studies to derive occupational exposure levels (OELs) for isoflurane and sevoflurane. Twenty-four studies for isoflurane and 7 studies for sevoflurane were included, which reported on neurological and fertility outcomes. When ranking adverse outcomes by derived benchmark dose lower bounds (BDMLs), male fertility was considered as the most critical effect for both substances. Assessment factors cover uncertainties regarding interspecies and intraspecies differences. Using the BMDL as point of departure we derived 8-h time-weighted average (TWA) OELs of 0.9 mg/m3 (0.12 ppm) for isoflurane and of 0.8 mg/m3 (0.09 ppm) for sevoflurane. For peak exposures, 15-min TWA OELs of 30 mg/m3 (3.9 ppm) and 25 mg/m3 (3.0 ppm) were derived, respectively. These levels are expected to protect workers from health effects caused by these anesthetic gases.
{"title":"A health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for isoflurane and sevoflurane using experimental animal data based on a systematic review and dose-response analysis","authors":"Keanu Ryan , Carlijn R. Hooijmans , Fréderique Struijs , Stijn van den Munckhof , Romy Kiffen , Albert Dahan , Sebastian Hoffmann , Daniele Mandrioli , Julia ML Menon , Nel Roeleveld , Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga , Vivi Schlünssen , Michel MRF Struys , Paul TJ Scheepers","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epidemiological studies have raised concerns about health risks from occupational exposure to inhalation anesthetics. This study aimed to systematically search, select and appraise the evidence from animal studies to derive occupational exposure levels (OELs) for isoflurane and sevoflurane. Twenty-four studies for isoflurane and 7 studies for sevoflurane were included, which reported on neurological and fertility outcomes. When ranking adverse outcomes by derived benchmark dose lower bounds (BDMLs), male fertility was considered as the most critical effect for both substances. Assessment factors cover uncertainties regarding interspecies and intraspecies differences. Using the BMDL as point of departure we derived 8-h time-weighted average (TWA) OELs of 0.9 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (0.12 ppm) for isoflurane and of 0.8 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (0.09 ppm) for sevoflurane. For peak exposures, 15-min TWA OELs of 30 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (3.9 ppm) and 25 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (3.0 ppm) were derived, respectively. These levels are expected to protect workers from health effects caused by these anesthetic gases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104916"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145823288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104907
Xia Wang , Ruixuan Li , Bo Cheng , Yingxue Sun , Xiaolong Yao , Chun Wang
Polyethylene micro/nano plastics (PE-MPs, PE-NPs), being the predominant plastic pollutants in aquaculture environments, frequently coexist with emerging contaminants such as perfluorinated compounds (PFOA) within closed aquaculture systems. Nevertheless, the combined biotoxicological impacts and underlying mechanisms of PE-MPs, PE-NPs, and PFOA co-pollutants remain poorly understood in zebrafish. This study revealed induced oxidative stress in zebrafish, as evidenced by aberrant levels of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GST) and lipid peroxidation markers (LPO, GSH) as well as neurotoxicity (AChE) in the targeted organs (gills, intestine, and liver). Specifically, the Integrated Biomarker Responses (IBRv2) revealed that the combined toxic effects exhibited synergism in the gills and liver but antagonism in the gut of zebrafish, showing distinct tissue and organ specificity. The exposure of PFOA to environmental concentrations reduced the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota, whereas the presence of MPs and NPs increased them. Compared to single exposure to PFOA, the combined-exposure of MPs and PFOA decreased the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 and naphthalene degradation of metabolic pathway. The combined-exposure of NPs and PFOA decreased the abundance of African trypanosomiasis, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, and naphthalene degradation pathway, while increasing the abundance of Wnt signaling pathway. In the combined-exposure group of MPs + NPs and PFOA, the abundance of African trypanosomiasis and naphthalene degradation metabolic pathways decreased, while the ethylbenzene degradation metabolic pathway increased. The present study offers a scientific foundation for conducting comprehensive ecological risk assessments and joint toxicological evaluations of PE-MPs, PE-NPs and PFOA.
{"title":"Combined toxicity of polyethylene micro/nanoplastics and PFOA in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Impacts on antioxidant, neurotransmission, and gut microbiota","authors":"Xia Wang , Ruixuan Li , Bo Cheng , Yingxue Sun , Xiaolong Yao , Chun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyethylene micro/nano plastics (PE-MPs, PE-NPs), being the predominant plastic pollutants in aquaculture environments, frequently coexist with emerging contaminants such as perfluorinated compounds (PFOA) within closed aquaculture systems. Nevertheless, the combined biotoxicological impacts and underlying mechanisms of PE-MPs, PE-NPs, and PFOA co-pollutants remain poorly understood in zebrafish. This study revealed induced oxidative stress in zebrafish, as evidenced by aberrant levels of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GST) and lipid peroxidation markers (LPO, GSH) as well as neurotoxicity (AChE) in the targeted organs (gills, intestine, and liver). Specifically, the Integrated Biomarker Responses (IBRv2) revealed that the combined toxic effects exhibited synergism in the gills and liver but antagonism in the gut of zebrafish, showing distinct tissue and organ specificity. The exposure of PFOA to environmental concentrations reduced the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota, whereas the presence of MPs and NPs increased them. Compared to single exposure to PFOA, the combined-exposure of MPs and PFOA decreased the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 and naphthalene degradation of metabolic pathway. The combined-exposure of NPs and PFOA decreased the abundance of African trypanosomiasis, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, and naphthalene degradation pathway, while increasing the abundance of Wnt signaling pathway. In the combined-exposure group of MPs + NPs and PFOA, the abundance of African trypanosomiasis and naphthalene degradation metabolic pathways decreased, while the ethylbenzene degradation metabolic pathway increased. The present study offers a scientific foundation for conducting comprehensive ecological risk assessments and joint toxicological evaluations of PE-MPs, PE-NPs and PFOA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104907"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104898
Marília Ladeira de Araújo , Jonas Carneiro Cruz , Nathália de Assis Aguilar Duarte , Lucas Cassulatti dos Santos , Bruno Alves Rocha , Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes , Fernando Barbosa Jr
Chronic mercury (Hg) exposure remains a major health concern in the Amazon. Exposure to Hg, Pb, Se, and the polymorphism of the SELENOP rs7579 gene was assessed in 494 adults from the Amazon. The BKMR method was applied, and the concentrations were 22 µg/L for Hg, 37 µg/L for Pb, and 171 µg/L for Se. Hg exposure was associated with numbness in the feet (OR = 1.38) and hands (OR = 1.37). The rs7579 polymorphism of the SELENOP gene (GA+AA) was associated with sleep disorders (OR = 1.53). BKMR analysis revealed that Hg was the main causative factor of neurobehavioral symptoms, with low inclusion probabilities for Pb, Se, and the SELENOP variant. No protective effect against Hg-induced neurobehavioral symptoms was observed. The rs7579 variant of the SELENOP gene was independently associated with sleep disorders. Chronic Hg exposure was associated with peripheral neuropathy, and SELENOP genetic variation influenced sleep disorders independently.
{"title":"Neurobehavioral effects of mercury, lead, and selenium co-exposure in the Brazilian amazon: Insights from bayesian mixture modeling and SELENOP genetic variation","authors":"Marília Ladeira de Araújo , Jonas Carneiro Cruz , Nathália de Assis Aguilar Duarte , Lucas Cassulatti dos Santos , Bruno Alves Rocha , Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes , Fernando Barbosa Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic mercury (Hg) exposure remains a major health concern in the Amazon. Exposure to Hg, Pb, Se, and the polymorphism of the <em>SELENOP</em> rs7579 gene was assessed in 494 adults from the Amazon. The BKMR method was applied, and the concentrations were 22 µg/L for Hg, 37 µg/L for Pb, and 171 µg/L for Se. Hg exposure was associated with numbness in the feet (OR = 1.38) and hands (OR = 1.37). The rs7579 polymorphism of the <em>SELENOP</em> gene (GA+AA) was associated with sleep disorders (OR = 1.53). BKMR analysis revealed that Hg was the main causative factor of neurobehavioral symptoms, with low inclusion probabilities for Pb, Se, and the <em>SELENOP</em> variant. No protective effect against Hg-induced neurobehavioral symptoms was observed. The rs7579 variant of the <em>SELENOP</em> gene was independently associated with sleep disorders. Chronic Hg exposure was associated with peripheral neuropathy, and <em>SELENOP</em> genetic variation influenced sleep disorders independently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104898"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145727794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104862
R. Kondati , M. Thakur , D. Mutyala , W. Dorsey , S. Batra
Pentachlorophenol (PCP), its metabolite tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ), and the co-occurring pollutant hexachlorobenzene (HCB) remain a toxicological concern due to their environmental persistence and bioaccumulation. Both PCP and TCHQ exhibit well-documented toxicities and have likely contributed to substantial occupational and environmental exposures worldwide, owing to their efficient absorption through multiple routes. While HCB, although not a PCP metabolite, similarly poses long-term toxicological risks. These toxicants exhibit distinct toxicological profiles, underscoring their relevance as environmental health hazards. Our previous studies have demonstrated that PCP exposure activates the Hsp70-ROS-autophagy axis in submerged lung alveolar epithelial (A549) monolayers, highlighting its role in initiating early cellular stress responses. Building on our prior investigations, this study evaluates the cellular mechanisms activated by PCP, its metabolite TCHQ, and the co-occurring pollutant HCB at a higher occupationally relevant concentration using submerged monolayer (2D) and 3D air-liquid interface (ALI) models. The computational insights from the STITCH-based network prompted us to validate these links in A549 cells exposed to PCP, TCHQ, and HCB. All tested compounds induced the expression of PANoptosis and RNA granule markers, alongside inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production, implicating integrated cell death pathways and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms jointly mediate cellular responses under these conditions. Remarkably, wound healing (in vitro scratch) assays indicated preserved epithelial cell migration capacity despite robust inflammatory and PANoptotic signaling, highlighting a dynamic balance between cellular stress and regenerative resilience. Overall, this study elucidates the role of PANoptosis and RNA granule dynamics as central mediators of toxicant-induced inflammation, providing a mechanistic framework for evaluating the cellular effects of chlorinated environmental pollutants such as PCP and related compounds.
{"title":"Persistent environmental toxicants PCP, TCHQ, and HCB drive PANoptosis and RNA granule remodeling in human lung epithelial cells","authors":"R. Kondati , M. Thakur , D. Mutyala , W. Dorsey , S. Batra","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pentachlorophenol (PCP), its metabolite tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ), and the co-occurring pollutant hexachlorobenzene (HCB) remain a toxicological concern due to their environmental persistence and bioaccumulation. Both PCP and TCHQ exhibit well-documented toxicities and have likely contributed to substantial occupational and environmental exposures worldwide, owing to their efficient absorption through multiple routes. While HCB, although not a PCP metabolite, similarly poses long-term toxicological risks. These toxicants exhibit distinct toxicological profiles, underscoring their relevance as environmental health hazards. Our previous studies have demonstrated that PCP exposure activates the Hsp70-ROS-autophagy axis in submerged lung alveolar epithelial (A549) monolayers, highlighting its role in initiating early cellular stress responses. Building on our prior investigations, this study evaluates the cellular mechanisms activated by PCP, its metabolite TCHQ, and the co-occurring pollutant HCB at a higher occupationally relevant concentration using submerged monolayer (2D) and 3D air-liquid interface (ALI) models. The computational insights from the STITCH-based network prompted us to validate these links in A549 cells exposed to PCP, TCHQ, and HCB. All tested compounds induced the expression of PANoptosis and RNA granule markers, alongside inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production, implicating integrated cell death pathways and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms jointly mediate cellular responses under these conditions. Remarkably, wound healing (in vitro scratch) assays indicated preserved epithelial cell migration capacity despite robust inflammatory and PANoptotic signaling, highlighting a dynamic balance between cellular stress and regenerative resilience. Overall, this study elucidates the role of PANoptosis and RNA granule dynamics as central mediators of toxicant-induced inflammation, providing a mechanistic framework for evaluating the cellular effects of chlorinated environmental pollutants such as PCP and related compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104862"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145441642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104914
Nivedita Jha , Angshita Das , Megha Prasanth , S. Daisy Precilla , R. Sivachandran , Rajaneesh Anupam , T.S. Anitha
Background
The increasing production of disposable plastic has led to massive plastic waste, much of which is burned, resulting in microplastics (MPs) and other toxic byproducts. This study investigates the smoke-derived MPs from burning polypropylene (PP), their physicochemical properties, and their impact on lung cancer cells.
Methods
Smoke-derived MPs were generated by smoldering PP, and extracted MPs dissolved in methanol, ethanol, and DCM. For physicochemical assessment, DLS, UV–VIS, FTIR NMR, GC-MS, and SEM were performed, followed by in vitro analysis, MTT, AO/EB, and DAPI assays performed using A549 cells.
Result & Discussion
Characterization studies revealed particle size, hazardous compounds such as phthalates, siloxanes, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. In vitro studies showed increased cell viability in A549 cells with no sign of apoptosis or necrosis.
Conclusion
Proliferation in lung cancer cells through Smoke-derived MPs, implicating combustion MPs in respiratory disease, highlighting urgent control needs.
{"title":"Smoke-derived microplastics of polypropylene In Vitro proliferative impact on human lung adenocarcinoma cells: Physicochemical analysis and biological evaluation","authors":"Nivedita Jha , Angshita Das , Megha Prasanth , S. Daisy Precilla , R. Sivachandran , Rajaneesh Anupam , T.S. Anitha","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The increasing production of disposable plastic has led to massive plastic waste, much of which is burned, resulting in microplastics (MPs) and other toxic byproducts. This study investigates the smoke-derived MPs from burning polypropylene (PP), their physicochemical properties, and their impact on lung cancer cells.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Smoke-derived MPs were generated by smoldering PP, and extracted MPs dissolved in methanol, ethanol, and DCM. For physicochemical assessment, DLS, UV–VIS, FTIR NMR, GC-MS, and SEM were performed, followed by in vitro analysis, MTT, AO/EB, and DAPI assays performed using A549 cells.</div></div><div><h3>Result & Discussion</h3><div>Characterization studies revealed particle size, hazardous compounds such as phthalates, siloxanes, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. <em>In vitro</em> studies showed increased cell viability in A549 cells with no sign of apoptosis or necrosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Proliferation in lung cancer cells through Smoke-derived MPs, implicating combustion MPs in respiratory disease, highlighting urgent control needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104914"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104915
Bozhena Tsyupa , Chiara Emma Campiglio , Elena Carrara , Marta Ripamonti , Alessandro Mancini , Andrea Bonfanti , Micol Introna , Ana Teresa Juarez-Facio , Karine Elihn , Manuela Teresa Raimondi , Andrea Remuzzi
Poor air quality is a significant risk to human health and the environment, with a direct correlation to respiratory diseases and premature death. Ultra fine particles (UFPs) in the atmosphere are particularly hazardous. This study evaluates the toxicological response of epithelial cells (A549) and macrophages (dTHP-1) to particulate matter (PM) emissions from car brake wear, under both submerged and Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) conditions. Toxicity was assessed using cell viability (Resazurin assay) and cytokine assays. Emissions were collected using a dynamometric bench simulating driving and braking conditions. Under ALI, freshly emitted particles were directly deposited onto cells, while in submerged conditions, particles were collected on filters and then deposited onto cells. M1a and M1b materials were tested, both materials are falling into category of ECE R90 Low Metallic pads. M1a showed slight toxicity under ALI and significant immune response in submerged conditions, while M1b showed no toxicity in either condition.
{"title":"On-site ALI versus submerged culture: Chemical and toxicological investigation of brake wear sub-micrometric particles","authors":"Bozhena Tsyupa , Chiara Emma Campiglio , Elena Carrara , Marta Ripamonti , Alessandro Mancini , Andrea Bonfanti , Micol Introna , Ana Teresa Juarez-Facio , Karine Elihn , Manuela Teresa Raimondi , Andrea Remuzzi","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poor air quality is a significant risk to human health and the environment, with a direct correlation to respiratory diseases and premature death. Ultra fine particles (UFPs) in the atmosphere are particularly hazardous. This study evaluates the toxicological response of epithelial cells (A549) and macrophages (dTHP-1) to particulate matter (PM) emissions from car brake wear, under both submerged and Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) conditions. Toxicity was assessed using cell viability (Resazurin assay) and cytokine assays. Emissions were collected using a dynamometric bench simulating driving and braking conditions. Under ALI, freshly emitted particles were directly deposited onto cells, while in submerged conditions, particles were collected on filters and then deposited onto cells. M1a and M1b materials were tested, both materials are falling into category of ECE R90 Low Metallic pads. M1a showed slight toxicity under ALI and significant immune response in submerged conditions, while M1b showed no toxicity in either condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104915"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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