Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104898
Marília Ladeira de Araújo , Jonas Carneiro Cruz , Nathália de Assis Aguilar Duarte , Lucas Cassulatti dos Santos , Bruno Alves Rocha , Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes , Fernando Barbosa Jr
Chronic mercury (Hg) exposure remains a major health concern in the Amazon. Exposure to Hg, Pb, Se, and the polymorphism of the SELENOP rs7579 gene was assessed in 494 adults from the Amazon. The BKMR method was applied, and the concentrations were 22 µg/L for Hg, 37 µg/L for Pb, and 171 µg/L for Se. Hg exposure was associated with numbness in the feet (OR = 1.38) and hands (OR = 1.37). The rs7579 polymorphism of the SELENOP gene (GA+AA) was associated with sleep disorders (OR = 1.53). BKMR analysis revealed that Hg was the main causative factor of neurobehavioral symptoms, with low inclusion probabilities for Pb, Se, and the SELENOP variant. No protective effect against Hg-induced neurobehavioral symptoms was observed. The rs7579 variant of the SELENOP gene was independently associated with sleep disorders. Chronic Hg exposure was associated with peripheral neuropathy, and SELENOP genetic variation influenced sleep disorders independently.
{"title":"Neurobehavioral effects of mercury, lead, and selenium co-exposure in the Brazilian amazon: Insights from bayesian mixture modeling and SELENOP genetic variation","authors":"Marília Ladeira de Araújo , Jonas Carneiro Cruz , Nathália de Assis Aguilar Duarte , Lucas Cassulatti dos Santos , Bruno Alves Rocha , Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes , Fernando Barbosa Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic mercury (Hg) exposure remains a major health concern in the Amazon. Exposure to Hg, Pb, Se, and the polymorphism of the <em>SELENOP</em> rs7579 gene was assessed in 494 adults from the Amazon. The BKMR method was applied, and the concentrations were 22 µg/L for Hg, 37 µg/L for Pb, and 171 µg/L for Se. Hg exposure was associated with numbness in the feet (OR = 1.38) and hands (OR = 1.37). The rs7579 polymorphism of the <em>SELENOP</em> gene (GA+AA) was associated with sleep disorders (OR = 1.53). BKMR analysis revealed that Hg was the main causative factor of neurobehavioral symptoms, with low inclusion probabilities for Pb, Se, and the <em>SELENOP</em> variant. No protective effect against Hg-induced neurobehavioral symptoms was observed. The rs7579 variant of the <em>SELENOP</em> gene was independently associated with sleep disorders. Chronic Hg exposure was associated with peripheral neuropathy, and <em>SELENOP</em> genetic variation influenced sleep disorders independently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104898"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145727794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-07DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104899
Patricia Rolo , João L.T. Pestana , Diana Campos
UV filters are contaminants of emerging concern, acting as endocrine disruptors, and altering the normal development of living organisms. Due to their lipophilic properties, they accumulate in aquatic sediments, endangering epibenthic organisms such as planarians. We aimed to assess the sensitivity of Girardia tigrina to two organic UV filters, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3, Benzophenone-3) and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC, Enzacamene), by evaluating mortality, behavioural activity, cephalic regeneration after decapitation, and biochemical endpoints. A 96-hour LC50 s of 1483 µg/L and 1653 µg/L were estimated for BP-3 and 4-MBC, respectively. Sublethal concentrations of both compounds impaired planarian cephalic regeneration; BP-3 induced a delay in auricles regeneration, while 4-MBC delayed both photoreceptors and auricles regeneration. Locomotion significantly decreased in planarians exposed to 4-MBC, while BP-3 exposure did not induce locomotion alterations in G. tigrina. Moreover, induced phase II detoxifying enzyme (measured through Glutathione-S-transferase activity) was also observed in 4-MBC exposure, possibly mitigating oxidative damage, while BP-3 exposure caused oxidative damage (increased lipid peroxidation levels). Exposure to both compounds led to a reduction in acetylcholinesterase activity, showing evidence of neurotoxicity. Even though this study reported deleterious effects in exposed G. tigrina, the concentrations at which effects were reported are still higher than those usually reported in the freshwater environment. However, we would like to emphasise the importance of such studies in supporting the regulation and environmentally safe use of sunscreen products.
紫外线过滤器是新兴关注的污染物，作为内分泌干扰物，并改变生物体的正常发育。由于它们的亲脂性，它们积聚在水生沉积物中，危及像涡虫这样的底栖生物。我们旨在通过评估死亡率、行为活性、斩首后头再生和生化终点来评估虎Girardia tigrina对2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮（BP-3，二苯甲酮-3）和4-甲基苄基樟脑（4-MBC, Enzacamene）两种有机紫外线过滤器的敏感性。BP-3和4-MBC的96小时lc50分别为1483µg/L和1653µg/L。这两种化合物的亚致死浓度损害了涡虫的头再生；BP-3诱导耳廓再生延迟，而4-MBC同时延迟光感受器和耳廓再生。暴露于4-MBC的涡虫的运动能力显著降低，而BP-3暴露未引起大鼠的运动能力改变。此外，在4-MBC暴露中也观察到诱导II期解毒酶（通过谷胱甘肽- s -转移酶活性测量），可能减轻氧化损伤，而BP-3暴露引起氧化损伤（增加脂质过氧化水平）。暴露于这两种化合物导致乙酰胆碱酯酶活性降低，显示出神经毒性的证据。尽管本研究报告了暴露的绿螺旋藻的有害影响，但报告的影响浓度仍然高于通常在淡水环境中报告的浓度。然而，我们想强调这些研究在支持防晒霜产品的监管和环境安全使用方面的重要性。
{"title":"Toxicity assessment of organic UV filters Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and Enzacamene (4-MBC) using the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina","authors":"Patricia Rolo , João L.T. Pestana , Diana Campos","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>UV filters are contaminants of emerging concern, acting as endocrine disruptors, and altering the normal development of living organisms. Due to their lipophilic properties, they accumulate in aquatic sediments, endangering epibenthic organisms such as planarians. We aimed to assess the sensitivity of <em>Girardia tigrina</em> to two organic UV filters, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3, Benzophenone-3) and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC, Enzacamene), by evaluating mortality, behavioural activity, cephalic regeneration after decapitation, and biochemical endpoints. A 96-hour LC<sub>50 s</sub> of 1483 µg/L and 1653 µg/L were estimated for BP-3 and 4-MBC, respectively. Sublethal concentrations of both compounds impaired planarian cephalic regeneration; BP-3 induced a delay in auricles regeneration, while 4-MBC delayed both photoreceptors and auricles regeneration. Locomotion significantly decreased in planarians exposed to 4-MBC, while BP-3 exposure did not induce locomotion alterations in <em>G. tigrina</em>. Moreover, induced phase II detoxifying enzyme (measured through Glutathione-<em>S</em>-transferase activity) was also observed in 4-MBC exposure, possibly mitigating oxidative damage, while BP-3 exposure caused oxidative damage (increased lipid peroxidation levels). Exposure to both compounds led to a reduction in acetylcholinesterase activity, showing evidence of neurotoxicity. Even though this study reported deleterious effects in exposed <em>G. tigrina</em>, the concentrations at which effects were reported are still higher than those usually reported in the freshwater environment. However, we would like to emphasise the importance of such studies in supporting the regulation and environmentally safe use of sunscreen products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104899"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145697229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104893
Reyes-Zavala Axel , Pérez-Vázquez Francisco Javier , Fernández-Macias Juan-Carlos , Barbier Olivier , Ortega-Romero Manolo , Saldaña-Villanueva Kelvin , Méndez-Rodríguez Karen Beatriz
Artisanal brick-making exposes workers to mixtures of environmental contaminants under precarious conditions. This study assessed exposure to PAHs, arsenic, fluoride, lead, and their associations with early kidney damage biomarkers in 109 adults from three brick-making communities in central Mexico. Urinary and blood concentrations of contaminants were measured using validated analytical methods, and renal biomarkers (CYS-C, B2M, OPN, KIM-1, NGAL) were quantified via multiplex ELISA. Median urinary concentrations of 1-OH-PYR (1.3–2.3 µmol/mol uCr), arsenic (20.8–45.3 µg/L), and fluoride (1.6–2.6 mg/g uCr) exceeded reference values in a substantial proportion of participants. Cystatin-C and osteopontin showed significant associations with arsenic, fluoride, and PAH metabolites, including nonlinear relationships. No consistent associations were found for NGAL or KIM-1. These findings provide evidence of early renal alterations related to environmental exposures and support the utility of early-effect biomarkers for public health surveillance in vulnerable populations exposed to nephrotoxic mixtures under informal occupational conditions.
手工制砖使工人在危险的条件下暴露于环境污染物的混合物中。本研究评估了来自墨西哥中部三个制砖社区的109名成年人暴露于多环芳烃、砷、氟化物、铅及其与早期肾损伤生物标志物的关系。采用验证的分析方法测量尿和血中污染物浓度，并通过多重ELISA定量肾脏生物标志物（CYS-C、B2M、OPN、KIM-1、NGAL）。在相当大比例的参与者中，1- o - pyr（1.3-2.3µmol/mol uCr）、砷（20.8-45.3 µg/L）和氟化物（1.6-2.6 mg/g uCr）的尿中浓度超过参考值。胱氨酸抑素c和骨桥蛋白与砷、氟化物和多环芳烃代谢产物有显著相关性，包括非线性关系。没有发现NGAL或KIM-1的一致关联。这些发现提供了与环境暴露相关的早期肾脏改变的证据，并支持在非正式职业条件下暴露于肾毒性混合物的弱势群体中，早期效应生物标志物在公共卫生监测中的效用。
{"title":"Assessment of early kidney function biomarkers and environmental exposure to contaminant mixtures in Mexican brick-making workers under precarious labor conditions","authors":"Reyes-Zavala Axel , Pérez-Vázquez Francisco Javier , Fernández-Macias Juan-Carlos , Barbier Olivier , Ortega-Romero Manolo , Saldaña-Villanueva Kelvin , Méndez-Rodríguez Karen Beatriz","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artisanal brick-making exposes workers to mixtures of environmental contaminants under precarious conditions. This study assessed exposure to PAHs, arsenic, fluoride, lead, and their associations with early kidney damage biomarkers in 109 adults from three brick-making communities in central Mexico. Urinary and blood concentrations of contaminants were measured using validated analytical methods, and renal biomarkers (CYS-C, B2M, OPN, KIM-1, NGAL) were quantified via multiplex ELISA. Median urinary concentrations of 1-OH-PYR (1.3–2.3 µmol/mol uCr), arsenic (20.8–45.3 µg/L), and fluoride (1.6–2.6 mg/g uCr) exceeded reference values in a substantial proportion of participants. Cystatin-C and osteopontin showed significant associations with arsenic, fluoride, and PAH metabolites, including nonlinear relationships. No consistent associations were found for NGAL or KIM-1. These findings provide evidence of early renal alterations related to environmental exposures and support the utility of early-effect biomarkers for public health surveillance in vulnerable populations exposed to nephrotoxic mixtures under informal occupational conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recognition of bisphenol A’s toxicity has meant substitution by new analogues, which are poorly investigated. We determined the impact of bisphenol A and 8 of its analogues on platelet aggregation, coagulation, and their toxicity to erythrocytes. Erythrocyte lysis assays revealed bisphenol toxicity towards both human and rat erythrocytes with high TC50s > 100 μM. Bisphenol A and bisphenol PH acted as antiplatelet compounds. Bisphenol PH was particularly potent (IC50 of 0.42 ± 0.14 μM; 0.16 ± 0.05 μg/ml) in arachidonic acid-based platelet aggregation. Mechanistically, bisphenol PH blocked cyclooxygenase 1, in a similar manner to the antiplatelet drug acetylsalicylic acid. In terms of the coagulation cascade, only weak effects were found for some of the selected compounds, and the tested bisphenols did not impact coagulation or demonstrate erythrocytic toxicity at biologically achievable concentrations. Contrarily, the negative impact of bisphenol PH on platelets, with a possible subsequent risk of bleeding, might have biological relevance.
{"title":"The effect of bisphenol PH and seven other bisphenol A alternatives on human haemostasis in vitro","authors":"Marcel Hrubša , Alina Soloviova , Patrícia Harčárová , Catherine Gunaseelan , Zuzana Lomozová , Eduard Jirkovský , Alejandro Carazo , Marija Sollner Dolenc , Lucija Peterlin Mašič , Přemysl Mladěnka","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recognition of bisphenol A’s toxicity has meant substitution by new analogues, which are poorly investigated. We determined the impact of bisphenol A and 8 of its analogues on platelet aggregation, coagulation, and their toxicity to erythrocytes. Erythrocyte lysis assays revealed bisphenol toxicity towards both human and rat erythrocytes with high TC<sub>50</sub>s > 100 μM. Bisphenol A and bisphenol PH acted as antiplatelet compounds. Bisphenol PH was particularly potent (IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.42 ± 0.14 μM; 0.16 ± 0.05 μg/ml) in arachidonic acid-based platelet aggregation. Mechanistically, bisphenol PH blocked cyclooxygenase 1, in a similar manner to the antiplatelet drug acetylsalicylic acid. In terms of the coagulation cascade, only weak effects were found for some of the selected compounds, and the tested bisphenols did not impact coagulation or demonstrate erythrocytic toxicity at biologically achievable concentrations. Contrarily, the negative impact of bisphenol PH on platelets, with a possible subsequent risk of bleeding, might have biological relevance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104897"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145688782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104894
Zoë M. Kissane , Kristin S. Warren , Lian Yeap , Jill M. Shephard
Wildlife toxicology faces increasing threats from pesticide use, yet the impacts on biodiversity remain unclear, as current toxicity thresholds often rely on laboratory data that do not reflect environmental exposure. Here we present a two-step methodology integrating ecotoxicology and movement ecology to investigate pesticide exposure in endangered Carnaby’s cockatoos (Zanda latirostris). Using GPS telemetry and satellite tracking, this study identified pesticide exposure sites and quantified the likelihood and consequences of exposure. A total of 26 pesticides were detected in forage sources (agricultural seed), with 80 % of seed samples having one or more pesticides detected. The Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) was exceeded for multiple pesticides including imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, difenoconazole and metalaxyl. Results have highlighted the risks that granivorous birds face being exposed to insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides in agroecosystems. This methodology is broad in scope and applicable across species, providing the ecological realism missing in laboratory-based studies.
{"title":"Hazard identification and ecological risk assessment of pesticide exposure in wildlife using GPS telemetry: Case study on endangered Carnaby’s Cockatoos","authors":"Zoë M. Kissane , Kristin S. Warren , Lian Yeap , Jill M. Shephard","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wildlife toxicology faces increasing threats from pesticide use, yet the impacts on biodiversity remain unclear, as current toxicity thresholds often rely on laboratory data that do not reflect environmental exposure. Here we present a two-step methodology integrating ecotoxicology and movement ecology to investigate pesticide exposure in endangered Carnaby’s cockatoos (Zanda latirostris). Using GPS telemetry and satellite tracking, this study identified pesticide exposure sites and quantified the likelihood and consequences of exposure. A total of 26 pesticides were detected in forage sources (agricultural seed), with 80 % of seed samples having one or more pesticides detected. The Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) was exceeded for multiple pesticides including imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, difenoconazole and metalaxyl. Results have highlighted the risks that granivorous birds face being exposed to insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides in agroecosystems. This methodology is broad in scope and applicable across species, providing the ecological realism missing in laboratory-based studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104894"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104892
Olufemi I. Oluranti , Bernard O. Adele , Abayomi O. Ige , Elsie O. Adewoye
Alterations in cardiac energy metabolic pathways have been linked to cardiac dysfunction. This study investigated cardiac energy metabolism in male rats exposed to crotonaldehyde. Thirty-six male Wistar rats (150–170 g; n = 9) were grouped into 4 (I-IV): Control (normal saline 10 mL/kg), crotonaldehyde (0.75, 1.5, and 2.5 mg/kg, p.o) for 28 days. Levels of creatinine-kinase-myocardial-band, cardiac-troponin-I, glucose increased significantly, while triglyceride, free-fatty-acid, and insulin reduced significantly in all groups compared with control. Cardiac Pyruvate level, hexokinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase activities increased significantly in all crotonaldehyde-treated groups compared with control. Cardiac levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen-peroxide increased significantly, while glutathione and nuclear-factor-erythroid-2-related-factor-2 reduced; superoxide-dismutase and catalase activities decreased following crotonaldehyde exposure compared with control. Cardiac glucose-transporter-4 and peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-alpha expression increased in groups III and IV, while carnitine-palmitoyltransferase1β expression decreased in group II but increased in groups III and IV compared with control. Crotonaldehyde exposure exerts cardio-toxic effects by altering cardiac energy metabolism.
{"title":"Crotonaldehde oral exposure disrupt cardiac energy metabolism and induces oxidative stress via down-regulation of nrf-2 and up-regulation of PPARα","authors":"Olufemi I. Oluranti , Bernard O. Adele , Abayomi O. Ige , Elsie O. Adewoye","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alterations in cardiac energy metabolic pathways have been linked to cardiac dysfunction. This study investigated cardiac energy metabolism in male rats exposed to crotonaldehyde. Thirty-six male Wistar rats (150–170 g; n = 9) were grouped into 4 (I-IV): Control (normal saline 10 mL/kg), crotonaldehyde (0.75, 1.5, and 2.5 mg/kg, p.o) for 28 days. Levels of creatinine-kinase-myocardial-band, cardiac-troponin-I, glucose increased significantly, while triglyceride, free-fatty-acid, and insulin reduced significantly in all groups compared with control. Cardiac Pyruvate level, hexokinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase activities increased significantly in all crotonaldehyde-treated groups compared with control. Cardiac levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen-peroxide increased significantly, while glutathione and nuclear-factor-erythroid-2-related-factor-2 reduced; superoxide-dismutase and catalase activities decreased following crotonaldehyde exposure compared with control. Cardiac glucose-transporter-4 and peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-alpha expression increased in groups III and IV, while carnitine-palmitoyltransferase1β expression decreased in group II but increased in groups III and IV compared with control. Crotonaldehyde exposure exerts cardio-toxic effects by altering cardiac energy metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104892"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104891
A. Sanz-Pérez , B.J. Anaya , A.I. Fraguas-Sánchez , D.R. Serrano , T. Pérez , P. Basilicata , M. Pieri , E. González-Burgos
The increasing global consumption of cannabis, particularly high-THC products, has raised public health concerns due to potential neurotoxic effects, although its association with oxidative stress remains a subject of debated. Some studies link THC-rich cannabis to increased oxidative damage, while others highlight antioxidant properties of cannabinoids. This study aimed to evaluate whether THC concentrations observed in real-world scenarios, specifically in the blood of drivers involved in traffic accidents, can induce neuronal damage through oxidative stress in vitro. Human undifferentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were exposed to 0.66, 20, 73.75, and 150 ng/mL THC. High concentrations (73.75 and 150 ng/mL) significantly reduced cell viability (to 76.5 % and 64.6 % at 48 h) and caused morphological changes. THC exposure increased ROS, peaking at 116.5 % at 150 ng/mL, disrupted glutathione balance (GSH/GSSG ratio decreased by 69.2 %), and moderately increased lipid peroxidation (34.5 %). Activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GR, GPx) declined concentration-dependently. Additionally, nuclear condensation and mitochondrial membrane depolarization indicated early apoptosis. These findings suggest that high THC levels can trigger neurotoxicity via oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
{"title":"Evaluation of THC-induced neurotoxicity via oxidative stress in undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells","authors":"A. Sanz-Pérez , B.J. Anaya , A.I. Fraguas-Sánchez , D.R. Serrano , T. Pérez , P. Basilicata , M. Pieri , E. González-Burgos","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing global consumption of cannabis, particularly high-THC products, has raised public health concerns due to potential neurotoxic effects, although its association with oxidative stress remains a subject of debated. Some studies link THC-rich cannabis to increased oxidative damage, while others highlight antioxidant properties of cannabinoids. This study aimed to evaluate whether THC concentrations observed in real-world scenarios, specifically in the blood of drivers involved in traffic accidents, can induce neuronal damage through oxidative stress in vitro. Human undifferentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were exposed to 0.66, 20, 73.75, and 150 ng/mL THC. High concentrations (73.75 and 150 ng/mL) significantly reduced cell viability (to 76.5 % and 64.6 % at 48 h) and caused morphological changes. THC exposure increased ROS, peaking at 116.5 % at 150 ng/mL, disrupted glutathione balance (GSH/GSSG ratio decreased by 69.2 %), and moderately increased lipid peroxidation (34.5 %). Activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GR, GPx) declined concentration-dependently. Additionally, nuclear condensation and mitochondrial membrane depolarization indicated early apoptosis. These findings suggest that high THC levels can trigger neurotoxicity via oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104891"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104879
Chloé ML. Argoul , Pierre-Louis Toutain , Sarah Berard , Nicole Picard-Hagen , Véronique Gayrard , Marlène Z. Lacroix
Understanding interspecies and structure-based differences in the toxicokinetics of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is important to explain their persistence and improve health risk assessment. Since renal clearance is the main elimination pathway, this study measured the free (protein-unbound) fraction (fu) of PFAS in human and mouse plasma using the DianormR system, selected for its robustness and rapid equilibrium. Sixteen PFAS were tested, including perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCA), sulfonic acids (PFSA), and ether derivatives (PFECA). Mean fu values ranged from 0.21 % (PFOS) to 50 % (PFPeA) in mice and from 0.02 % (PFHpS) to 8.5 % (PFPeA) in humans. Interspecies differences were most pronounced for short-chain PFAS and PFECA, but not observed for longer chains. A U-shaped relationship between fu and molecular weight (MW) was found, with the lowest values near 400–500 g/mol. These results highlight plasma protein binding as a key determinant of PFAS persistence and provide predictive models linking fu to MW.
{"title":"Structure-related differences in plasma protein binding of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in mice and humans","authors":"Chloé ML. Argoul , Pierre-Louis Toutain , Sarah Berard , Nicole Picard-Hagen , Véronique Gayrard , Marlène Z. Lacroix","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding interspecies and structure-based differences in the toxicokinetics of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is important to explain their persistence and improve health risk assessment. Since renal clearance is the main elimination pathway, this study measured the free (protein-unbound) fraction (f<sub>u</sub>) of PFAS in human and mouse plasma using the Dianorm<sup>R</sup> system, selected for its robustness and rapid equilibrium. Sixteen PFAS were tested, including perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCA), sulfonic acids (PFSA), and ether derivatives (PFECA). Mean f<sub>u</sub> values ranged from 0.21 % (PFOS) to 50 % (PFPeA) in mice and from 0.02 % (PFHpS) to 8.5 % (PFPeA) in humans. Interspecies differences were most pronounced for short-chain PFAS and PFECA, but not observed for longer chains. A U-shaped relationship between f<sub>u</sub> and molecular weight (MW) was found, with the lowest values near 400–500 g/mol. These results highlight plasma protein binding as a key determinant of PFAS persistence and provide predictive models linking f<sub>u</sub> to MW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 104879"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104873
Aml M. Abo Al-Saoud , Mohammed Nagib A. Hasaneen , Ali Noory Fajer , Ibrahim S. Kamel
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) are emerging as promising nanocarriers for various therapeutic agents being used in medicine or agriculture. However, understanding their toxic effects is crucial for their safe application in drug delivery systems. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the phytotoxic and cyto-genotoxic effects of SLNPs. SLNPs were synthesized at a concentration of 5 g/100 ml, coded as R and diluted for testing its toxicity using Vicia faba as a bioindicator. V. faba seedlings were exposed to five concentrations of SLNPs (R:5 g/100 ml; 0.5 R: 2.5 g/100 ml, 0.25 R: 1.25 g/100 ml, 0.125 R: 0.63 g/100 ml and 0.0625 R: 0.31 g/100 ml) and control (distilled water). Parameters such as root growth and histology, catalase enzyme activity, mitotic index, chromosomal anomalies and apoptosis percentages besides cell cycle progression were assessed. Results discovered a concentration-dependent increase in phototoxic effect revealed by significant inhibition percentages in root length (15.08 %–45.25 %) at high levels of SLNPs (0.5 R: 2.5 g/100 ml and R: 5 g/100 ml). Moreover, histological observation indicated that concentrations above the dilution of 0.125 R of SLNPs induces various histological alterations as reduced root diameter and filling the metaxylem with parenchyma cells which might impair the uptake and transport of solutes adversely affect plant health and life. Theses alterations might adopt the significant increases in catalase enzyme activity in root tissue in dose-dependent manner. Significant mitotic index and cell viability reduction and alterations in cell cycle distribution especially the obvious DNA synthesis phase arrest at the concentration of 5 g/100 ml and increased frequency of chromosomal anomalies suggesting SLNPs cyto-genotoxicity. These findings concluded that SLNPs of 5 g/100 ml is toxic can have adverse effects on V. faba plant health. Further studies needed in this regard.
{"title":"A novel in vivo toxicity profiling of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) in Vicia faba seedlings as a plant model","authors":"Aml M. Abo Al-Saoud , Mohammed Nagib A. Hasaneen , Ali Noory Fajer , Ibrahim S. Kamel","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) are emerging as promising nanocarriers for various therapeutic agents being used in medicine or agriculture. However, understanding their toxic effects is crucial for their safe application in drug delivery systems. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the phytotoxic and cyto-genotoxic effects of SLNPs. SLNPs were synthesized at a concentration of 5 g/100 ml, coded as R and diluted for testing its toxicity using <em>Vicia faba</em> as a bioindicator. <em>V. faba</em> seedlings were exposed to five concentrations of SLNPs (R:5 g/100 ml; 0.5 R: 2.5 g/100 ml, 0.25 R: 1.25 g/100 ml, 0.125 R: 0.63 g/100 ml and 0.0625 R: 0.31 g/100 ml) and control (distilled water). Parameters such as root growth and histology, catalase enzyme activity, mitotic index, chromosomal anomalies and apoptosis percentages besides cell cycle progression were assessed. Results discovered a concentration-dependent increase in phototoxic effect revealed by significant inhibition percentages in root length (15.08 %–45.25 %) at high levels of SLNPs (0.5 R: 2.5 g/100 ml and R: 5 g/100 ml). Moreover, histological observation indicated that concentrations above the dilution of 0.125 R of SLNPs induces various histological alterations as reduced root diameter and filling the metaxylem with parenchyma cells which might impair the uptake and transport of solutes adversely affect plant health and life. Theses alterations might adopt the significant increases in catalase enzyme activity in root tissue in dose-dependent manner. Significant mitotic index and cell viability reduction and alterations in cell cycle distribution especially the obvious DNA synthesis phase arrest at the concentration of 5 g/100 ml and increased frequency of chromosomal anomalies suggesting SLNPs cyto-genotoxicity. These findings concluded that SLNPs of 5 g/100 ml is toxic can have adverse effects on <em>V. faba</em> plant health. Further studies needed in this regard.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 104873"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104880
Akshita Verma, Samuel Sunday Ogunsola, Kaylyn A. Keith, G.D. Thouli L. Jayawardana
Illicit drugs and novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in aquatic environments pose growing ecological and public health concerns due to their persistence and toxicity. Released mainly via wastewater and runoff, their transport and fate are influenced by microbial degradation, hydrology, and bioaccumulation. These compounds have been detected in freshwater and marine ecosystems, causing endocrine disruption and toxicity in aquatic organisms, with potential human exposure through water and food. Advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) have improved their detection, while treatment technologies such as advanced oxidation, membrane filtration, and bioremediation are being developed to remove these residues. This review integrates findings from environmental chemistry, ecotoxicology, and public health to assess the sources, behavior, impacts, and mitigation of illicit drugs and NPS in aquatic systems. It highlights the complexity of these contaminants and identifies critical knowledge gaps that must be addressed to support effective monitoring, risk assessment, and regulatory strategies.
{"title":"Environmental fate of illicit drugs and new psychoactive substances in aquatic systems: Impact, critical insights, and future directions","authors":"Akshita Verma, Samuel Sunday Ogunsola, Kaylyn A. Keith, G.D. Thouli L. Jayawardana","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2025.104880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Illicit drugs and novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in aquatic environments pose growing ecological and public health concerns due to their persistence and toxicity. Released mainly via wastewater and runoff, their transport and fate are influenced by microbial degradation, hydrology, and bioaccumulation. These compounds have been detected in freshwater and marine ecosystems, causing endocrine disruption and toxicity in aquatic organisms, with potential human exposure through water and food. Advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) have improved their detection, while treatment technologies such as advanced oxidation, membrane filtration, and bioremediation are being developed to remove these residues. This review integrates findings from environmental chemistry, ecotoxicology, and public health to assess the sources, behavior, impacts, and mitigation of illicit drugs and NPS in aquatic systems. It highlights the complexity of these contaminants and identifies critical knowledge gaps that must be addressed to support effective monitoring, risk assessment, and regulatory strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 104880"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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