With the growing population and degrading environment, a new field of study is looking into the use of nanoparticles to enhance the quality and growth of crops, and to compensate for the sterilized soils. The present study was conducted to examine the effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on kale (Brassica oleracea) plant growth after treating its seeds with aqueous solutions with three concentrations of CuO NPs for 24 hours. The treated seeds were directly sown and the kale plants were harvested after 34 days. The results showed that the length of the roots and the shoots of the obtained kale were positively affected by the CuO NPs: larger increase came from the seeds treated with 70 ppm CuO NPs while both treated seeds by CuO NPs showed increased growth compared with the control sample. Moreover, the dry weight of the kale plants was also impacted by the treatment with CuO NPs: larger increase was produced from the seeds treated with 70 ppm CuO NPs relative to the control. This study shows that the application of CuO NPs at appropriate concentrations causes proliferation on the growth and development of kale.
{"title":"Effects of CuO Nanoparticles on the Growth of Kale","authors":"J. Vassell, Yuanbing Mao","doi":"10.30919/ESMM5F212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/ESMM5F212","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing population and degrading environment, a new field of study is looking into the use of nanoparticles to enhance the quality and growth of crops, and to compensate for the sterilized soils. The present study was conducted to examine the effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on kale (Brassica oleracea) plant growth after treating its seeds with aqueous solutions with three concentrations of CuO NPs for 24 hours. The treated seeds were directly sown and the kale plants were harvested after 34 days. The results showed that the length of the roots and the shoots of the obtained kale were positively affected by the CuO NPs: larger increase came from the seeds treated with 70 ppm CuO NPs while both treated seeds by CuO NPs showed increased growth compared with the control sample. Moreover, the dry weight of the kale plants was also impacted by the treatment with CuO NPs: larger increase was produced from the seeds treated with 70 ppm CuO NPs relative to the control. This study shows that the application of CuO NPs at appropriate concentrations causes proliferation on the growth and development of kale.","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85612085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermoelectrics is attracting intensive research interests. The band structure information of new compounds is growing rapidly with the power of first principle calculations. However, not every thermoelectric materials candidate can be experimentally investigated due to limited resources. Therefore, we need to develop an efficient approach of screening and selecting the most promising ones from the various band structure databases of new compounds. Here we propose the concept of pseudo-ZT s: zt and zt , where zt only measures the electronic e L e influence and zt only scales the lattice contribution. Using zt and zt helps avoid playing the "seesaw balancing game" between the Seebeck L e L coefficient and the conductivities. It also helps reveal deeper physics on how dimensionality, carrier concentration and band structure will affect ZT quantitatively. A range of thermoelectric materials are tested, and ~400 new compounds are calculated for predictions. The pseudo-ZT s can serve as a good guidance for thermoelectric materials search, in addition to the semi-empirical “ β ” indicator. SE
热电学正吸引着广泛的研究兴趣。新化合物的能带结构信息随着第一性原理计算的能力而迅速增长。然而，由于资源有限，并不是每一种候选热电材料都可以进行实验研究。因此，我们需要开发一种有效的方法，从各种新化合物的带结构数据库中筛选和选择最有前途的化合物。在这里，我们提出了伪zt s的概念:zt和zt，其中zt仅测量电子e - L - e的影响，而zt仅衡量晶格的贡献。使用zt和zt有助于避免在塞贝克L - L系数和电导率之间玩“跷跷板平衡游戏”。它还有助于揭示维度、载流子浓度和能带结构如何定量地影响ZT的更深层次的物理学。对一系列热电材料进行了测试，并为预测计算了约400种新化合物。除了半经验的“β”指标外，伪zt s还可以作为热电材料搜索的良好指导。SE
{"title":"Using Pseudo-ZTs for Thermoelectric Materials Search","authors":"Samuel B. Tang","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f213","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoelectrics is attracting intensive research interests. The band structure information of new compounds is growing rapidly with the power of first principle calculations. However, not every thermoelectric materials candidate can be experimentally investigated due to limited resources. Therefore, we need to develop an efficient approach of screening and selecting the most promising ones from the various band structure databases of new compounds. Here we propose the concept of pseudo-ZT s: zt and zt , where zt only measures the electronic e L e influence and zt only scales the lattice contribution. Using zt and zt helps avoid playing the \"seesaw balancing game\" between the Seebeck L e L coefficient and the conductivities. It also helps reveal deeper physics on how dimensionality, carrier concentration and band structure will affect ZT quantitatively. A range of thermoelectric materials are tested, and ~400 new compounds are calculated for predictions. The pseudo-ZT s can serve as a good guidance for thermoelectric materials search, in addition to the semi-empirical “ β ” indicator. SE","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79580901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuo Yang is Chutian Distinguished Professor in School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. His research includes theories, simulations and measurements in micro/nanoscale, and his interests mainly focus on, but not limited to, phonon engineering, energy carriers' transport and energy conversions, such as thermal transport, thermal modulation, thermal device, thermal interfacial resistance, thermoelectrics and solar water evaporation/ condensation etc This issue has nine interesting papers dedicated to nano-materials and nano-structured materials, including 0D quantum dots, 1D nanotubes, 2D graphene, thin films, nano-porous structures, nano-composites, and interfaces. Nano-materials and nano-structured materials have been widely studied for their brand new properties which are different from properties of their bulk counterparts, due to large surface-area-to-volume ratio, size effects, quantum confinements and so on. Nanotubes are typical 1D materials. Song et al. (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f193) explored and demonstrated that the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) could serve as a promising adsorbent for methyl blue removal in wastewater. The MWCNTs-polyethylenimine adsorbent contributes to an enhancement of the adsorption capacity in methyl blue removal, where the maximum adsorption capacity is as high as 418 mg/g at 35 °C. As a review, Liu et al. (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f199) go through the carbon nanotube and boron nitride nanotube in structure, property and synthesis methods. For 2D material, Tang et al. (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f203) simulated the thermal conductivity of recently synthesized 2D materials, namely graphene embedded with periodic four-membered and eightmembered rings (GFERs). Both the length and the temperature dependence of GFERs' thermal conductivity are found to be different from that of the pristine graphene. An obvious thermal rectification in graphene-GFERs heterostructures is also found. The abundant findings on nano-materials benefit from the progress of nano-manufacturing. Vikram et al. (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f205) synthesized lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (~ 6 nm) using a costeffective and facile chemical synthesis method, namely ionic reaction. The strong size quantization was observed from cyclic voltammetry and absorption spectroscopy. Borate et al. (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f202) investigated the effect of working gas pressure on the adhesive, structural, optical, morphology and electrical properties of Mo thin films to achieve better sputtering conditions. Furthermore, the performance of the fabricated Mo thin film was studied by using it as a working electrode in electrochemical deposition of Cu ZnSnS thin films. 2 4
{"title":"Nano-materials and Nano-manufacturing","authors":"Nuo Yang","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f206","url":null,"abstract":"Nuo Yang is Chutian Distinguished Professor in School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. His research includes theories, simulations and measurements in micro/nanoscale, and his interests mainly focus on, but not limited to, phonon engineering, energy carriers' transport and energy conversions, such as thermal transport, thermal modulation, thermal device, thermal interfacial resistance, thermoelectrics and solar water evaporation/ condensation etc This issue has nine interesting papers dedicated to nano-materials and nano-structured materials, including 0D quantum dots, 1D nanotubes, 2D graphene, thin films, nano-porous structures, nano-composites, and interfaces. Nano-materials and nano-structured materials have been widely studied for their brand new properties which are different from properties of their bulk counterparts, due to large surface-area-to-volume ratio, size effects, quantum confinements and so on. Nanotubes are typical 1D materials. Song et al. (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f193) explored and demonstrated that the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) could serve as a promising adsorbent for methyl blue removal in wastewater. The MWCNTs-polyethylenimine adsorbent contributes to an enhancement of the adsorption capacity in methyl blue removal, where the maximum adsorption capacity is as high as 418 mg/g at 35 °C. As a review, Liu et al. (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f199) go through the carbon nanotube and boron nitride nanotube in structure, property and synthesis methods. For 2D material, Tang et al. (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f203) simulated the thermal conductivity of recently synthesized 2D materials, namely graphene embedded with periodic four-membered and eightmembered rings (GFERs). Both the length and the temperature dependence of GFERs' thermal conductivity are found to be different from that of the pristine graphene. An obvious thermal rectification in graphene-GFERs heterostructures is also found. The abundant findings on nano-materials benefit from the progress of nano-manufacturing. Vikram et al. (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f205) synthesized lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (~ 6 nm) using a costeffective and facile chemical synthesis method, namely ionic reaction. The strong size quantization was observed from cyclic voltammetry and absorption spectroscopy. Borate et al. (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f202) investigated the effect of working gas pressure on the adhesive, structural, optical, morphology and electrical properties of Mo thin films to achieve better sputtering conditions. Furthermore, the performance of the fabricated Mo thin film was studied by using it as a working electrode in electrochemical deposition of Cu ZnSnS thin films. 2 4","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91024135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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