Nanotechnology introduces unprecedented research opportunities in various energy and environment related applications. This issue in ES Materials and Manufacturing contains many interesting papers to show the potential development along this important research direction, ranging from fundamental physics, materials synthesis, to novel device applications. As the most ubiquitous form of energy, heat has been used ever since the beginning of human being history and thermal sciences still remain as a vibrant field with new possibility in nanomaterials. In this issue, Xiao et al. (10.30919/esmm5f237) reviewed the recent studies on thermal transport within periodic porous films, 2D materials, and 3D structures. These materials have been widely studied in recent years for potential applications in thermoelectric energy conversion and thermal management. When heat can be manipulated as waves instead of particlelike phonons, existing studies on acoustic/optics can be extended to thermal applications. This review mainly addresses the challenge and limitation for such “phononic crystals,” in analogy to “photonic crystals” for light manipulation. Other than material development, new measurement techniques are also critical to thermal studies. Wang et al. (10.30919/esmm5f239) proposed a modified steady-state hot wire method that can characterize convection heat transfer coefficient of microwires without the knowledge of thermal conductivity for the microwire. This technique can be potentially used for microscale to nanoscale convection studies. For mass production of materials in manufacturing, enormous attention should be paid to the process-structure-property relationships due to employed synthesis techniques. Here Mitkari and Ubale (10.30919/esmm5f231) grew nanostructured CoS thin films on an amorphous glass substrate by the SILAR method. These films showed hexagonal structures, while their electrical resistivity and activation energy were found to be thickness dependent. For thermoelectrics, Artini et al. (10.30919/esmm5f221) varied the applied pressure used for the spark plasma sintering of filled skutterudite. The resulting power factors were checked for samples belonging to the Sm (Fe Ni ) Sb y x 1-x 4 12
纳米技术在各种能源和环境相关的应用中引入了前所未有的研究机会。本期《ES材料与制造》包含许多有趣的论文，展示了这一重要研究方向的潜在发展，从基础物理、材料合成到新型器件应用。热作为最普遍存在的能量形式，从人类历史开始就被使用，热科学仍然是一个充满活力的领域，在纳米材料中有新的可能性。在这期论文中，Xiao等人(10.30919/esmm5f237)综述了近年来关于周期性多孔膜、二维材料和三维结构内部热输运的研究。近年来，这些材料在热电能量转换和热管理方面的潜在应用得到了广泛的研究。当热可以被操纵为波而不是粒子声子时，现有的声学/光学研究可以扩展到热应用。本文主要讨论了这种“声子晶体”的挑战和局限性，类似于光操纵的“光子晶体”。除了材料开发之外，新的测量技术对热研究也至关重要。Wang等人(10.30919/esmm5f239)提出了一种改进的稳态热丝法，可以在不知道微丝导热系数的情况下表征微丝的对流换热系数。这项技术可以潜在地用于微尺度到纳米尺度的对流研究。对于大规模生产的材料，由于所采用的合成技术，需要非常重视过程-结构-性能的关系。Mitkari和Ubale (10.30919/esmm5f231)利用SILAR方法在非晶玻璃衬底上生长了纳米结构的CoS薄膜。这些薄膜呈六边形结构，其电阻率和活化能与厚度有关。对于热电学，Artini等人(10.30919/esmm5f221)改变了用于火花等离子烧结填充方毛石的施加压力。对Sm (Fe Ni) Sb y x 1-x 4 12样品的功率因数进行了检查
{"title":"Nanotechnology for Materials and Manufacturing — Physics, Synthesis, and Devices","authors":"Q. Hao","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f322","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology introduces unprecedented research opportunities in various energy and environment related applications. This issue in ES Materials and Manufacturing contains many interesting papers to show the potential development along this important research direction, ranging from fundamental physics, materials synthesis, to novel device applications. As the most ubiquitous form of energy, heat has been used ever since the beginning of human being history and thermal sciences still remain as a vibrant field with new possibility in nanomaterials. In this issue, Xiao et al. (10.30919/esmm5f237) reviewed the recent studies on thermal transport within periodic porous films, 2D materials, and 3D structures. These materials have been widely studied in recent years for potential applications in thermoelectric energy conversion and thermal management. When heat can be manipulated as waves instead of particlelike phonons, existing studies on acoustic/optics can be extended to thermal applications. This review mainly addresses the challenge and limitation for such “phononic crystals,” in analogy to “photonic crystals” for light manipulation. Other than material development, new measurement techniques are also critical to thermal studies. Wang et al. (10.30919/esmm5f239) proposed a modified steady-state hot wire method that can characterize convection heat transfer coefficient of microwires without the knowledge of thermal conductivity for the microwire. This technique can be potentially used for microscale to nanoscale convection studies. For mass production of materials in manufacturing, enormous attention should be paid to the process-structure-property relationships due to employed synthesis techniques. Here Mitkari and Ubale (10.30919/esmm5f231) grew nanostructured CoS thin films on an amorphous glass substrate by the SILAR method. These films showed hexagonal structures, while their electrical resistivity and activation energy were found to be thickness dependent. For thermoelectrics, Artini et al. (10.30919/esmm5f221) varied the applied pressure used for the spark plasma sintering of filled skutterudite. The resulting power factors were checked for samples belonging to the Sm (Fe Ni ) Sb y x 1-x 4 12","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80835268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are abundant mechanical energy available in low frequency range, which can be directly converted into electricity using piezoelectric energy harvester. However, very few piezoelectric energy harvester have high conversion efficiency at low frequency range. This study aims to develop an efficient piezoelectric nanogenerator which can be used in low frequency range for energy harvesting applications using PVDF polymers. The feasibility of using PVDF device for energy harvesting was assessed by using a mechanical vibration setup. In addition, the effect of both amplitude and frequency on the voltage output of the PVDF energy harvester has been studied. According to the results, the optimized frequency range for the device was found to be 45 Hz. The results indicated that the voltage output starts to decay at a higher frequency which can be due to the insufficient time for the PVDF nanofiber to be recovered from the induced strain. The variation of the amplitude has a great influence on the voltage output of the piezoelectric device. The voltage output of the PVDF device is enhanced with increasing the amplitude due to the higher amount of induced strain. In fact, the amount of induced strain is the primary source of the available mechanical energy which can be fed into the piezoelectric device to be converted to the electrical energy. The results clearly show that both frequency and amplitude can affect the voltage output of the piezoelectric device. The highest obtained voltage output can be obtained at the frequency range between 30-45 Hz. RESEARCH PAPER
{"title":"An Efficient Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting in Low Frequency Range","authors":"E. Ghafari, T. Nantung, Na Lu","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f321","url":null,"abstract":"There are abundant mechanical energy available in low frequency range, which can be directly converted into electricity using piezoelectric energy harvester. However, very few piezoelectric energy harvester have high conversion efficiency at low frequency range. This study aims to develop an efficient piezoelectric nanogenerator which can be used in low frequency range for energy harvesting applications using PVDF polymers. The feasibility of using PVDF device for energy harvesting was assessed by using a mechanical vibration setup. In addition, the effect of both amplitude and frequency on the voltage output of the PVDF energy harvester has been studied. According to the results, the optimized frequency range for the device was found to be 45 Hz. The results indicated that the voltage output starts to decay at a higher frequency which can be due to the insufficient time for the PVDF nanofiber to be recovered from the induced strain. The variation of the amplitude has a great influence on the voltage output of the piezoelectric device. The voltage output of the PVDF device is enhanced with increasing the amplitude due to the higher amount of induced strain. In fact, the amount of induced strain is the primary source of the available mechanical energy which can be fed into the piezoelectric device to be converted to the electrical energy. The results clearly show that both frequency and amplitude can affect the voltage output of the piezoelectric device. The highest obtained voltage output can be obtained at the frequency range between 30-45 Hz. RESEARCH PAPER","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74466041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tailoring thermal properties with nanostructured materials can be of vital importance for many applications. Generally classical phonon size effects are employed to reduce the thermal conductivity, where strong phonon scattering by nanostructured interfaces or boundaries can dramatically supress the heat conduction. When these boundaries or interfaces are arranged in a periodic pattern, coherent phonons may have interference and modify the phonon dispersion, leading to dramatically reduced thermal conductivity. Such coherent phonon transport has been widely studied for superlattice films and recently emphasized for periodic nanoporous patterns. Although the wave effects have been proposed for reducing the thermal conductivity, more recent experimental evidence shows that such effects can only be critical at an ultralow temperature, i.e., around 10 K or below. At room temperature, the impacted phonons are mostly restricted to hypersonic modes that contribute little to the thermal conductivity. In this review, the theoretical and experimental studies of periodic porous structures are summarized and compared. The general applications of periodic nanostructured materials are further discussed.
{"title":"Phonon Transport within Periodic Porous Structures — From Classical Phonon Size Effects to Wave Effects","authors":"Yue Xiao, Qiyu Chen, Dengke Ma, Nuo Yang, Q. Hao","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f237","url":null,"abstract":"Tailoring thermal properties with nanostructured materials can be of vital importance for many applications. Generally classical phonon size effects are employed to reduce the thermal conductivity, where strong phonon scattering by nanostructured interfaces or boundaries can dramatically supress the heat conduction. When these boundaries or interfaces are arranged in a periodic pattern, coherent phonons may have interference and modify the phonon dispersion, leading to dramatically reduced thermal conductivity. Such coherent phonon transport has been widely studied for superlattice films and recently emphasized for periodic nanoporous patterns. Although the wave effects have been proposed for reducing the thermal conductivity, more recent experimental evidence shows that such effects can only be critical at an ultralow temperature, i.e., around 10 K or below. At room temperature, the impacted phonons are mostly restricted to hypersonic modes that contribute little to the thermal conductivity. In this review, the theoretical and experimental studies of periodic porous structures are summarized and compared. The general applications of periodic nanostructured materials are further discussed.","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83575152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vijaya Jadkar, Amit Pawbake, A. Jadhavar, R. Waykar, Subhash M. Pandharkar, Ajinkya Bhorde, R. Aher, Shruthi Nair, Bharat B. Gabhale, A. Waghmare, Dhirsing Naik, Priti Vairale, S. Gosavi, S. Jadkar
In present study we have synthesized highly crystalline hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) thin films by hot wire method. The obtained thin films were characterized by using low angle-XRD, Raman spectroscopy, non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The low angle-XRD analysis revealed that the obtained nc-Si:H thin films are polycrystalline and have preferred orientation along (111) direction. Formation of nc-Si:H films are further confirmed by Raman spectroscopy analysis. The UV-Visible spectroscopy analysis showed that the synthesized films have sharp absorption edge in visible region and has direct band gap of 1. 94 eV. Finally, nc-Si:H based photo-detector have been prepared at optimized process parameters which show an excellent response time (1.79 s) and
本研究采用热丝法合成了高结晶氢化纳米硅(nc-Si:H)薄膜。采用低角xrd、拉曼光谱、非接触原子力显微镜(NC-AFM)和紫外-可见光谱对薄膜进行了表征。低角xrd分析表明，制备的nc-Si:H薄膜是多晶的，具有沿(111)方向的择优取向。通过拉曼光谱分析进一步证实了nc-Si:H薄膜的形成。紫外可见光谱分析表明，合成膜在可见光区有明显的吸收边，直接带隙为1。94 eV。最后，在优化的工艺参数下制备了基于nc-Si:H的光电探测器，其响应时间为1.79 s
{"title":"Excellent Response and Recovery Time of Photo-Detectors Based on Nc-Si:H Films Grown by Using Hot Wire Method","authors":"Vijaya Jadkar, Amit Pawbake, A. Jadhavar, R. Waykar, Subhash M. Pandharkar, Ajinkya Bhorde, R. Aher, Shruthi Nair, Bharat B. Gabhale, A. Waghmare, Dhirsing Naik, Priti Vairale, S. Gosavi, S. Jadkar","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f236","url":null,"abstract":"In present study we have synthesized highly crystalline hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) thin films by hot wire method. The obtained thin films were characterized by using low angle-XRD, Raman spectroscopy, non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The low angle-XRD analysis revealed that the obtained nc-Si:H thin films are polycrystalline and have preferred orientation along (111) direction. Formation of nc-Si:H films are further confirmed by Raman spectroscopy analysis. The UV-Visible spectroscopy analysis showed that the synthesized films have sharp absorption edge in visible region and has direct band gap of 1. 94 eV. Finally, nc-Si:H based photo-detector have been prepared at optimized process parameters which show an excellent response time (1.79 s) and","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80366945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Artini, G. Latronico, R. Carlini, S. Saini, T. Takeuchi, Seongho Choi, A. Baldini, Umberto Anselmi-Tamburini, F. Valenza, P. Mele
1 Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy 2 National Research Council, Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, CNR-ICMATE, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy 3 Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan 4 Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku-ku, 4688511 Nagoya, Japan 5 Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy 6 SIT Research Laboratories, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, 135-8548 Tokyo, Japan *E-mail: artini@chimica.unige.it 1,2* 1 1 3 4 4 5 Cristina Artini, Giovanna Latronico, Riccardo Carlini, Shrikant Saini, Tsunehiro Takeuchi, Seongho Choi, Angelica Baldini, 5 2 6 Umberto Anselmi-Tamburini, Fabrizio Valenza and Paolo Mele View Article Online
{"title":"Effect of Different Processing Routes on the Power Factor of the Filled Skutterudite Sm (Fe Ni ) Sb (x = 0.50-0.80; y = 0.12-0.53)","authors":"C. Artini, G. Latronico, R. Carlini, S. Saini, T. Takeuchi, Seongho Choi, A. Baldini, Umberto Anselmi-Tamburini, F. Valenza, P. Mele","doi":"10.30919/ESMM5F221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/ESMM5F221","url":null,"abstract":"1 Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy 2 National Research Council, Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, CNR-ICMATE, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy 3 Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan 4 Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku-ku, 4688511 Nagoya, Japan 5 Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy 6 SIT Research Laboratories, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, 135-8548 Tokyo, Japan *E-mail: artini@chimica.unige.it 1,2* 1 1 3 4 4 5 Cristina Artini, Giovanna Latronico, Riccardo Carlini, Shrikant Saini, Tsunehiro Takeuchi, Seongho Choi, Angelica Baldini, 5 2 6 Umberto Anselmi-Tamburini, Fabrizio Valenza and Paolo Mele View Article Online","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83738308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The preparation of nanostructured CoS thin films onto amorphous glass substrate by SILAR method is discussed. The characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Optical absorption and Electrical resistivity measurements were used to investigate size dependent physical properties of CoS thin films. The SILAR grown CoS material exhibits hexagonal structure . The electrical studies revealed that the resistivity and activation energy is found to be thickness dependent. The thermo-emf measurements confirmed that SILAR grown CoS films are of n-type. RESEARCH PAPER
{"title":"Thickness Dependent Physical Properties of SILAR Deposited Nanostructured CoS Thin Films","authors":"A. V. Mitkari, A. U. Ubale","doi":"10.30919/ESMM5F231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/ESMM5F231","url":null,"abstract":"The preparation of nanostructured CoS thin films onto amorphous glass substrate by SILAR method is discussed. The characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Optical absorption and Electrical resistivity measurements were used to investigate size dependent physical properties of CoS thin films. The SILAR grown CoS material exhibits hexagonal structure . The electrical studies revealed that the resistivity and activation energy is found to be thickness dependent. The thermo-emf measurements confirmed that SILAR grown CoS films are of n-type. RESEARCH PAPER","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75352630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermodynamic data of drug is important to industrial design and industrial application. In this paper, solubility data of tylosin in pure solvents and acetone +water mixture solvents were experimentally determined from 279.75 K to 323.15 K. The experiment results indicated that solubility of tylosin in pure solvents gradually decreased and followed this order: chloroform > buty lacetate > acetonitrile > tetrahydrofuran > acetone > benzene > n-butanol > ethy lacetate > n-propanol > ethanol > methanol > water, and solubility gradually decreased with water increasing in water+acetone mixture solvents. Moreover, experimental solubility increased with temperature increasing except for water(x ≥ c
药物的热力学数据对工业设计和工业应用具有重要意义。本文在279.75 K ~ 323.15 K范围内实验测定了泰络素在纯溶剂和丙酮+水混合溶剂中的溶解度数据。实验结果表明，泰络素在纯溶剂中的溶解度逐渐降低，其溶解度依次为:氯仿>乳酸丁酯>乙腈>四氢呋喃>丙酮>苯>正丁醇>乳酸乙酯>正丙醇>乙醇>甲醇>水，在水+丙酮混合溶剂中溶解度随水的增加而逐渐降低。除水(x≥c)外，实验溶解度随温度升高而升高
{"title":"Solubility and Solution Thermodynamics of Tylosin in Pure Solvents and Mixed Solvents at Various Temperatures","authors":"Yanmin Shen, Wenju Liu, Zehua Bao, Zhanhu Guo","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f233","url":null,"abstract":"Thermodynamic data of drug is important to industrial design and industrial application. In this paper, solubility data of tylosin in pure solvents and acetone +water mixture solvents were experimentally determined from 279.75 K to 323.15 K. The experiment results indicated that solubility of tylosin in pure solvents gradually decreased and followed this order: chloroform > buty lacetate > acetonitrile > tetrahydrofuran > acetone > benzene > n-butanol > ethy lacetate > n-propanol > ethanol > methanol > water, and solubility gradually decreased with water increasing in water+acetone mixture solvents. Moreover, experimental solubility increased with temperature increasing except for water(x ≥ c","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82264917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiqiang Liu is currently based Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOS, CAS). His research expertise is in building interdisciplinary teams to use compound semiconductor materials and devices for applications in the areas of nitride materials and Light Emitting devices. Zhiqiang Liu Energy and environment are critical important for our sustainable development. Novel materials and nanomanufacturing techniques provide new opportunities for this important research area. This issue has nine interesting papers dedicated to thermoelectrics, alkali-activated materials (AAMs), nano-materials, and perovskite quantum dots. With growing concerns for greenhouse gas emissions, AAMs have received enormous attention due to the benefit of low carbon footprint. Wengui Li et al. (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f204) presents a critical review on the durability performance of alkali-activated system. It will provide guidelines for the research community as well as to the stakeholders of AAMs industries who seek sustainability in their products. Nitride materials have been widely used in lightemitting devices for decades. However, highly p-doping is still a big challenge, with hinds the further development of nitride-based devices. Liu et al. (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f209) clarified the underlying physics and the acceptor ionization process in the In-Mg co-doping GaN, which is widely applicable for other co-doping nitride systems. The results will advance the current understanding of p-doping challenge and help to further address the issue of p-doping in wide-bandgap materials, especially from the viewpoint of band-structure engineering. Thermoelectrics is one of the most promising solutions to address the global energy crisis. Shuang Tang (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f213) developed an efficient thermoelectric indicator based on band structure information to search for the most promising candidates from various band structure databases. This work provides new physical insights for searching and improving thermoelectric materials, and will stimulate more novel work in this field following the advancement in firstprinciples calculations to predict materials properties. It will provide important guidance for researchers to select and better engineer new materials. In recent years, as significant efforts have been emphasized on the exploitation of novel polymers with enhanced functionality. Yue Chen et al. (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f214) developed a self-healing supramolecular polymer composite (LP-GO), which was designed and prepared via incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) to hyperbranched polymer. The simplicity of synthesis and the availability from renewable resources will ensure broad applications of these composites. The recycling of photocatalysts is in great demand. The microsized magnetic Fe O powders were successfully encapsulated by 3 4
{"title":"Key Factors to Address the Issue of Global Energy and Environment Crisis","authors":"Zhiqiang Liu","doi":"10.30919/ESMM5F225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/ESMM5F225","url":null,"abstract":"Zhiqiang Liu is currently based Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOS, CAS). His research expertise is in building interdisciplinary teams to use compound semiconductor materials and devices for applications in the areas of nitride materials and Light Emitting devices. Zhiqiang Liu Energy and environment are critical important for our sustainable development. Novel materials and nanomanufacturing techniques provide new opportunities for this important research area. This issue has nine interesting papers dedicated to thermoelectrics, alkali-activated materials (AAMs), nano-materials, and perovskite quantum dots. With growing concerns for greenhouse gas emissions, AAMs have received enormous attention due to the benefit of low carbon footprint. Wengui Li et al. (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f204) presents a critical review on the durability performance of alkali-activated system. It will provide guidelines for the research community as well as to the stakeholders of AAMs industries who seek sustainability in their products. Nitride materials have been widely used in lightemitting devices for decades. However, highly p-doping is still a big challenge, with hinds the further development of nitride-based devices. Liu et al. (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f209) clarified the underlying physics and the acceptor ionization process in the In-Mg co-doping GaN, which is widely applicable for other co-doping nitride systems. The results will advance the current understanding of p-doping challenge and help to further address the issue of p-doping in wide-bandgap materials, especially from the viewpoint of band-structure engineering. Thermoelectrics is one of the most promising solutions to address the global energy crisis. Shuang Tang (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f213) developed an efficient thermoelectric indicator based on band structure information to search for the most promising candidates from various band structure databases. This work provides new physical insights for searching and improving thermoelectric materials, and will stimulate more novel work in this field following the advancement in firstprinciples calculations to predict materials properties. It will provide important guidance for researchers to select and better engineer new materials. In recent years, as significant efforts have been emphasized on the exploitation of novel polymers with enhanced functionality. Yue Chen et al. (DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f214) developed a self-healing supramolecular polymer composite (LP-GO), which was designed and prepared via incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) to hyperbranched polymer. The simplicity of synthesis and the availability from renewable resources will ensure broad applications of these composites. The recycling of photocatalysts is in great demand. The microsized magnetic Fe O powders were successfully encapsulated by 3 4","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84917563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoman Wang, Rulei Guo, Qinping Jian, Guilong Peng, Y. Yue, Nuo Yang
The convection plays a very important role in heat transfer when MEMS work under air environment. However, traditional measurements of convection heat transfer coefficient require the knowledge of thermal conductivity, which makes measurements complex. In this work, a modified steady state "hot wire" (MSSHW) method is proposed, which can measure the heat transfer coefficient of microwires' convection without the knowledge of thermal conductivity. To verify MSSHW method, the convection heat transfer coefficient of platinum microwires was measured in the atmosphere, whose value is in good agreement with values by both traditional measurement methods and empirical equations. Then, the convection heat transfer coefficient of microwires with different materials and diameters were measured by MSSHW. It is found that the convection heat transfer coefficient of microwire is not sensitive on materials, while it increases from 86 W/(m$^2$K) to 427 W/(m$^2$K) with the diameter of microwires decreasing from 120 ${mu}$m to 20 ${mu}$m. Without knowing thermal conductivity of microwires, the MSSHW method provides a more convenient way to measure the convective effect.
{"title":"Thermal Characterization of Convective Heat Transfer in Microwires Based on Modified Steady State “Hot Wire” Method","authors":"Xiaoman Wang, Rulei Guo, Qinping Jian, Guilong Peng, Y. Yue, Nuo Yang","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f239","url":null,"abstract":"The convection plays a very important role in heat transfer when MEMS work under air environment. However, traditional measurements of convection heat transfer coefficient require the knowledge of thermal conductivity, which makes measurements complex. In this work, a modified steady state \"hot wire\" (MSSHW) method is proposed, which can measure the heat transfer coefficient of microwires' convection without the knowledge of thermal conductivity. To verify MSSHW method, the convection heat transfer coefficient of platinum microwires was measured in the atmosphere, whose value is in good agreement with values by both traditional measurement methods and empirical equations. Then, the convection heat transfer coefficient of microwires with different materials and diameters were measured by MSSHW. It is found that the convection heat transfer coefficient of microwire is not sensitive on materials, while it increases from 86 W/(m$^2$K) to 427 W/(m$^2$K) with the diameter of microwires decreasing from 120 ${mu}$m to 20 ${mu}$m. Without knowing thermal conductivity of microwires, the MSSHW method provides a more convenient way to measure the convective effect.","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83097483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we report a facile one-pot synthesis method to prepare well dispersed silver nanoparticles (NPs) supported on α -zirconium phosphate ( α- ZrP) single-layer nanosheets. Silver NPs with a narrow size distribution were reduced on α- ZrP single-layer nanosheet surface due to the electrostatic attractions between the positively charged silver cations and the negatively charged α- ZrP nanosheet support. Three + reducing agents: glucose, NaBH , and tri-sodium citrate were used to reduce Ag . Transmission electron micrographs show that the reduced 4 silver NPs were well dispersed with a diameter of 18.3 ± 4.4 nm, 48.9 ± 13.8 nm, and 3.5 ± 1.0 nm when reduced by glucose, NaBH , and tri- 4 sodium citrate, respectively. Overall, we present a facile method to synthesize Ag NPs with various dimensions for widespread applications.
{"title":"Facile One-pot Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Supported on α-Zirconium Phosphate Single-Layer Nanosheets","authors":"Jingfang Yu, Luyi Sun","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f223","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we report a facile one-pot synthesis method to prepare well dispersed silver nanoparticles (NPs) supported on α -zirconium phosphate ( α- ZrP) single-layer nanosheets. Silver NPs with a narrow size distribution were reduced on α- ZrP single-layer nanosheet surface due to the electrostatic attractions between the positively charged silver cations and the negatively charged α- ZrP nanosheet support. Three + reducing agents: glucose, NaBH , and tri-sodium citrate were used to reduce Ag . Transmission electron micrographs show that the reduced 4 silver NPs were well dispersed with a diameter of 18.3 ± 4.4 nm, 48.9 ± 13.8 nm, and 3.5 ± 1.0 nm when reduced by glucose, NaBH , and tri- 4 sodium citrate, respectively. Overall, we present a facile method to synthesize Ag NPs with various dimensions for widespread applications.","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77391891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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