Jing Cao, Tzee Luai Meng, Xikui Zhang, N. Gong, Rahul Karyappa, Chee Kiang Ivan Tan, A. Suwardi, Qiang Zhu, Hongfei Liu
DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f717 In recent years, miniaturization and integration have become the development trends of electronic devices. With the power of electronic devices continuing to increase, the amount of heat generated is sharply increasing. Thermal interface material (TIM) can effectively improve heat transfer between two solid interfaces, and it plays an important role in the performance, service life and stability of electronic devices. In this case, higher requirements are put forward for thermal management, so much attention is also attached to the innovation and optimization of TIM. In this paper, recent research development of TIM is reviewed. Rheology-based modeling and design are discussed for the widely used polymeric TIMs. It is discussed for the effects of thermal conductive fillers on the properties of composites. Many studies have shown that some polymers filled with high thermal conductivity and low loss ceramics are well suitable for electronic packaging for device encapsulation. Until now, extensive attentions have been paid to the preparation of polymeric composites with high thermal conductivity for the application in electronic packaging. Finally, the problems are also discussed and the research directions of TIM in the future are prospected.
{"title":"Recent Advances in Thermal Interface Materials","authors":"Jing Cao, Tzee Luai Meng, Xikui Zhang, N. Gong, Rahul Karyappa, Chee Kiang Ivan Tan, A. Suwardi, Qiang Zhu, Hongfei Liu","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f717","url":null,"abstract":"DOI: 10.30919/esmm5f717 In recent years, miniaturization and integration have become the development trends of electronic devices. With the power of electronic devices continuing to increase, the amount of heat generated is sharply increasing. Thermal interface material (TIM) can effectively improve heat transfer between two solid interfaces, and it plays an important role in the performance, service life and stability of electronic devices. In this case, higher requirements are put forward for thermal management, so much attention is also attached to the innovation and optimization of TIM. In this paper, recent research development of TIM is reviewed. Rheology-based modeling and design are discussed for the widely used polymeric TIMs. It is discussed for the effects of thermal conductive fillers on the properties of composites. Many studies have shown that some polymers filled with high thermal conductivity and low loss ceramics are well suitable for electronic packaging for device encapsulation. Until now, extensive attentions have been paid to the preparation of polymeric composites with high thermal conductivity for the application in electronic packaging. Finally, the problems are also discussed and the research directions of TIM in the future are prospected.","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87082080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Massive waste rubber products become very challenging because their disposal generates negative impacts on the ecological environments. The effect of conductive rubber crumbs replacing the fine aggregate on the physical, mechanical properties and electrical characteristics of cement composites were investigated in this study. The results show that the flowability of cement mortar increased when the rubber crumbs substitution rate lower than 10%, but decreased when the substitution rate higher than 10%. The compressive strengths of rubberized mortar were decreased with the increase of rubber crumbs. However, as the amount of rubber crumbs increased, less reduction on compressive strength was observed for the cement mortar at water-to-binder (W/B) ratio of 0.42, because of the better flowability. In terms of the electrical properties, both the near-surface resistivity and the volumetric resistivity of rubberized mortar were increased with the curing age because of the cement hydration. The near-surface resistivity of mortar was limitedly affected by conductive rubber crumbs, while the volumetric resistivity did gradually decrease with the increase of rubber content. The developed cement mortar containing recycled conductive rubber crumbs can be used for manufacturing self-sensing concrete.
{"title":"Mechanical and Conductive Properties of Smart Cementitious Composites with Conductive Rubber Crumbs","authors":"Wenkui Dong, Wengui Li, K. Vessalas, Kejin Wang","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f711","url":null,"abstract":"Massive waste rubber products become very challenging because their disposal generates negative impacts on the ecological environments. The effect of conductive rubber crumbs replacing the fine aggregate on the physical, mechanical properties and electrical characteristics of cement composites were investigated in this study. The results show that the flowability of cement mortar increased when the rubber crumbs substitution rate lower than 10%, but decreased when the substitution rate higher than 10%. The compressive strengths of rubberized mortar were decreased with the increase of rubber crumbs. However, as the amount of rubber crumbs increased, less reduction on compressive strength was observed for the cement mortar at water-to-binder (W/B) ratio of 0.42, because of the better flowability. In terms of the electrical properties, both the near-surface resistivity and the volumetric resistivity of rubberized mortar were increased with the curing age because of the cement hydration. The near-surface resistivity of mortar was limitedly affected by conductive rubber crumbs, while the volumetric resistivity did gradually decrease with the increase of rubber content. The developed cement mortar containing recycled conductive rubber crumbs can be used for manufacturing self-sensing concrete.","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82045182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yiyang Zhou, Ping Wang, Gang Ruan, Pei Xu, Yunsheng Ding
To investigate the combined effect of graphene (Gra) and poly(methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate-co-1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide) (P[MPEGMA-IL]) on the morphology, crystallization behavior and dielectric properties for polylactide (PLA)/poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) blends, a series of PLA/PCL blend based composites have been prepared using solution-cast method. The P[MPEGMA-IL] modified Gra could be mainly localized in the PCL domains, and improved the dispersibility of PCL phase in the composites. Due to the heterogeneous nucleation of Gra and ion cluster of P[MPEGMA-IL], the crystallinity of PLA and PCL were improved simultaneously with the increase of modified Gra content. The good conductivity of Gra and the better dispersion of PCL made the PLA/PCL blends with higher dielectric permittivity owing to the increase of the mobile charge carriers at the interfaces.
{"title":"Synergistic Effect of P[MPEGMA-IL] Modified Graphene on Morphology and Dielectric Properties of PLA/PCL Blends","authors":"Yiyang Zhou, Ping Wang, Gang Ruan, Pei Xu, Yunsheng Ding","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f928","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the combined effect of graphene (Gra) and poly(methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate-co-1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide) (P[MPEGMA-IL]) on the morphology, crystallization behavior and dielectric properties for polylactide (PLA)/poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) blends, a series of PLA/PCL blend based composites have been prepared using solution-cast method. The P[MPEGMA-IL] modified Gra could be mainly localized in the PCL domains, and improved the dispersibility of PCL phase in the composites. Due to the heterogeneous nucleation of Gra and ion cluster of P[MPEGMA-IL], the crystallinity of PLA and PCL were improved simultaneously with the increase of modified Gra content. The good conductivity of Gra and the better dispersion of PCL made the PLA/PCL blends with higher dielectric permittivity owing to the increase of the mobile charge carriers at the interfaces.","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.espublisher.com/uploads/article_pdf/esmm5f928.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147885760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materials properties highly depend on the manufacturing processes. In this issue, nine recent studies reported on how to understand and improve the (i.e., optical, mechanical, thermal, piezoelectric, etc) with the manufacturing processes for different applications. Sun et al. (doi: 10.30919/esmm5f605) provided a comphrensive review on the recent progress in hot embossing of polymer materials for micro/nanoscale manufacturing, including plate-to-plate, roll-to-plate, and roll-to-roll forms. Research in simulation and mold fabrication for hot embossing were discussed, the various applications of polymer processing were highlighted with systematic catalogs, and challenges and future directions were outlooked. In the area of piezoelectrics, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) attracts much attention for energy harvesting because of its superior elastic properties, high flexibility and low cost. In the work by Han et al. (doi: 10.30919/esmm5f612), they developed a novel approach to increase the -phase concentration of electrospun PVDF nanofibers β during the manufacturing process. With comprehensive materials characterizations with SEM, Energy Dispersive X-ray, and infrared spectroscopy, they found that high-quality PVDF fibers can be obtained by high molecular weight with electrospinning, and confirmed the improved polarization of PVDF fibers with zinc oxide nanoparticle dopants. Wu el al. (doi: 10.30919/esmm5f601) demonstrated the improved interlaminar shear strength by 28.4% and impact toughness by 53.3% of carbon fibers unsaturated polyester composites by a vinyl ester sizing agent containing vinyl-functional carbon nanotubes. After studying the surface characteristics and interfacial properties of the composites before and after treated with the sizing agent, the improved wettability, chemical bonding and mechanical interlocking were found to be associated with the enhanced interfacial adhesion by the sizing agent. In the communication by Tian et al. (doi: 10.30919/esmm5f603), the microwave dielectric properties of Li Mg Zr O ceramics prepared 6 7 3 16
{"title":"Materials Properties and Manufacturing Processes","authors":"Liping Wang","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f616","url":null,"abstract":"Materials properties highly depend on the manufacturing processes. In this issue, nine recent studies reported on how to understand and improve the (i.e., optical, mechanical, thermal, piezoelectric, etc) with the manufacturing processes for different applications. Sun et al. (doi: 10.30919/esmm5f605) provided a comphrensive review on the recent progress in hot embossing of polymer materials for micro/nanoscale manufacturing, including plate-to-plate, roll-to-plate, and roll-to-roll forms. Research in simulation and mold fabrication for hot embossing were discussed, the various applications of polymer processing were highlighted with systematic catalogs, and challenges and future directions were outlooked. In the area of piezoelectrics, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) attracts much attention for energy harvesting because of its superior elastic properties, high flexibility and low cost. In the work by Han et al. (doi: 10.30919/esmm5f612), they developed a novel approach to increase the -phase concentration of electrospun PVDF nanofibers β during the manufacturing process. With comprehensive materials characterizations with SEM, Energy Dispersive X-ray, and infrared spectroscopy, they found that high-quality PVDF fibers can be obtained by high molecular weight with electrospinning, and confirmed the improved polarization of PVDF fibers with zinc oxide nanoparticle dopants. Wu el al. (doi: 10.30919/esmm5f601) demonstrated the improved interlaminar shear strength by 28.4% and impact toughness by 53.3% of carbon fibers unsaturated polyester composites by a vinyl ester sizing agent containing vinyl-functional carbon nanotubes. After studying the surface characteristics and interfacial properties of the composites before and after treated with the sizing agent, the improved wettability, chemical bonding and mechanical interlocking were found to be associated with the enhanced interfacial adhesion by the sizing agent. In the communication by Tian et al. (doi: 10.30919/esmm5f603), the microwave dielectric properties of Li Mg Zr O ceramics prepared 6 7 3 16","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90117669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunpeng Wang, Shibo Liu, Jia Cheng, Xiao Wan, Wentao Feng, Nuo Yang, Chun Zou
State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China *E-mail: nuo@hust.edu.cn; zouchun@hust.edu.cn # Y.W. and S.L. contributed equally to this work. 1,2# 1# 1 1,2 1,2 1,2* 1* Yunpeng Wang , Shibo Liu , Jia Cheng , Xiao Wan , Wentao Feng , Nuo Yang and Chun Zou View Article Online
{"title":"A New Machine Learning Algorithm to Optimize A Reduced Mechanism of 2-Butanone and the Comparison with Other Algorithms","authors":"Yunpeng Wang, Shibo Liu, Jia Cheng, Xiao Wan, Wentao Feng, Nuo Yang, Chun Zou","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f615","url":null,"abstract":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China *E-mail: nuo@hust.edu.cn; zouchun@hust.edu.cn # Y.W. and S.L. contributed equally to this work. 1,2# 1# 1 1,2 1,2 1,2* 1* Yunpeng Wang , Shibo Liu , Jia Cheng , Xiao Wan , Wentao Feng , Nuo Yang and Chun Zou View Article Online","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81058877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China Integrated Composites Lab (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37966, USA *E-mail: hongbogu2014@tongji.edu.cn There authors are contributed equally. 1# 1# 1* 2 Jingyi Cai , Jing Tian , Hongbo Gu and Zhanhu Guo View Article Online
{"title":"Amino Carbon Nanotube Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel for Oil/Water Separation","authors":"Jingyi Cai, Jing Tian, H. Gu, Zhanhu Guo","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f611","url":null,"abstract":"Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China Integrated Composites Lab (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37966, USA *E-mail: hongbogu2014@tongji.edu.cn There authors are contributed equally. 1# 1# 1* 2 Jingyi Cai , Jing Tian , Hongbo Gu and Zhanhu Guo View Article Online","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81645311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
8, 9 temperature annealing, which indicates limited applications of these materials for power generation involving high temperatures. In this work, the possible shape change of nanoporous Si thin films is systematically studied for different annealing conditions. As a 20-μm-long bridge with nanopores, the studied Si thin films are patterned by electron beam lithography and then drilled with deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). It is found that the existence of a SiO /Si 2
{"title":"Annealing Studies of Nanoporous Si Thin Films Fabricated by Dry Etch","authors":"Q. Hao, Yue Xiao, F. Medina","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f608","url":null,"abstract":"8, 9 temperature annealing, which indicates limited applications of these materials for power generation involving high temperatures. In this work, the possible shape change of nanoporous Si thin films is systematically studied for different annealing conditions. As a 20-μm-long bridge with nanopores, the studied Si thin films are patterned by electron beam lithography and then drilled with deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). It is found that the existence of a SiO /Si 2","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87004403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The electrospun PVDF has gained much attentions due to its excellent piezoelectricity, high flexibility, and low-cost. This study aims to develop the electrospun PVDF nanofibers with high β-phase concentration and piezoelectricity. The samples were prepared by the PVDF solution with different molecular weights. The earth abundant Zinc Oxide nanoparticles serve as the inorganic dopant to increase the polarization of the PVDF film during manufacturing process. The materials characterization methods, including Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were utilized to identify the material properties. The results indicate that the high molecular weight PVDF is favorable for electrospinning to obtain the high quality nanofibers. Furthermore, doping Zinc Oxide nanoparticles can effectively promote the polarization of electrospun PVDF nanofibers. RESEARCH PAPER
{"title":"Approaches for Increasing the β-phase Concentration of Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Nanofibers","authors":"Guangshuai Han, Yen-fang Su, Yining Feng, Na Lu","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f612","url":null,"abstract":"The electrospun PVDF has gained much attentions due to its excellent piezoelectricity, high flexibility, and low-cost. This study aims to develop the electrospun PVDF nanofibers with high β-phase concentration and piezoelectricity. The samples were prepared by the PVDF solution with different molecular weights. The earth abundant Zinc Oxide nanoparticles serve as the inorganic dopant to increase the polarization of the PVDF film during manufacturing process. The materials characterization methods, including Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were utilized to identify the material properties. The results indicate that the high molecular weight PVDF is favorable for electrospinning to obtain the high quality nanofibers. Furthermore, doping Zinc Oxide nanoparticles can effectively promote the polarization of electrospun PVDF nanofibers. RESEARCH PAPER","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80448584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents an innovative concept of multifunctional lightweight aggregate, which is produced by loading phase change material (PCM) into the interior of lightweight sand (LWS) and sealing the surface pores using water. The PCM loaded in the LWS functionalizes it as a temperature management agent in concrete, and the water in surface pores enables internal curing. It has been found that the particle shape and pore structure of crushed expanded shale LWS makes it an ideal carrier for PCM, loading sufficient PCM and maintaining better (compared to natural sand) mechanical interlocking. When coupled with the internal curing effect, the LWS yields an interpenetrated interfacial transition zone with the cement paste, leading to a compressive strength comparable to natural sand mortar. The hydration products penetrated into the surface pores also helps stabilizing PCM in the LWS. However, any PCM residuum non-stabilized in LWS tends to compromise the strength. Under an optimized scenario, the LWS-PCM composite aggregate is produced by grading, PCM impregnation, rinsing, and water saturation. A mortar proportioned with this aggregate yields comparable 28-day strength to the reference mortar and a 63% lower autogenous
{"title":"Multifunctional Lightweight Aggregate Containing Phase Change Material and Water for Damage Mitigation of Concrete","authors":"Wenyu Liao, Aditya Kumar, K. Khayat, Hongyan Ma","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f606","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an innovative concept of multifunctional lightweight aggregate, which is produced by loading phase change material (PCM) into the interior of lightweight sand (LWS) and sealing the surface pores using water. The PCM loaded in the LWS functionalizes it as a temperature management agent in concrete, and the water in surface pores enables internal curing. It has been found that the particle shape and pore structure of crushed expanded shale LWS makes it an ideal carrier for PCM, loading sufficient PCM and maintaining better (compared to natural sand) mechanical interlocking. When coupled with the internal curing effect, the LWS yields an interpenetrated interfacial transition zone with the cement paste, leading to a compressive strength comparable to natural sand mortar. The hydration products penetrated into the surface pores also helps stabilizing PCM in the LWS. However, any PCM residuum non-stabilized in LWS tends to compromise the strength. Under an optimized scenario, the LWS-PCM composite aggregate is produced by grading, PCM impregnation, rinsing, and water saturation. A mortar proportioned with this aggregate yields comparable 28-day strength to the reference mortar and a 63% lower autogenous","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84644188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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