Ziman Wang, Ming Yang, Q. Jiang, K. Zheng, Yongmei Ma, Hang Zhang
The effect of isotropic strain on the band structures and thermoelectric properties of 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C 8 -BTBT) modified with hydroxyl ( – OH), amino ( – NH 2 ), and methyl ( – CH 3 ) groups at room temperature have been investigated by first-principles calculations. We found that isotropic strain modified the Fermi levels and bandgaps of the C 8 -BTBT-based organic semiconductors. The variations of the dimensionless figure of merit ( zT ) values of the N-type semiconductors are greater than those of the P-type semiconductors. The thermoelectric properties were calculated using the BoltzTraP code. The results show that there is an optimal carrier concentration ( N ) to give the maximum zT value of the C 8 -BTBT-based organic semiconductor. The maximum zT value of the N-type semiconductor is 0.41 for OH-modified C 8 -BTBT. For the P-type semiconductor, the maximum zT value is 0.36 for CH 3 -modified C 8 -BTBT. We also found that NH 2 -modified C 8 - BTBT has poor thermoelectric properties, which means that the – NH 2 group may not be the optimal choice for C 8 -BTBT in thermoelectric applications.
{"title":"Improving the Thermoelectric Properties of 2,7-Dioctyl[1]Benzothieno[3,2-b][1]Benzothiophene-based Organic Semiconductors by Isotropic Strain","authors":"Ziman Wang, Ming Yang, Q. Jiang, K. Zheng, Yongmei Ma, Hang Zhang","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f489","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of isotropic strain on the band structures and thermoelectric properties of 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C 8 -BTBT) modified with hydroxyl ( – OH), amino ( – NH 2 ), and methyl ( – CH 3 ) groups at room temperature have been investigated by first-principles calculations. We found that isotropic strain modified the Fermi levels and bandgaps of the C 8 -BTBT-based organic semiconductors. The variations of the dimensionless figure of merit ( zT ) values of the N-type semiconductors are greater than those of the P-type semiconductors. The thermoelectric properties were calculated using the BoltzTraP code. The results show that there is an optimal carrier concentration ( N ) to give the maximum zT value of the C 8 -BTBT-based organic semiconductor. The maximum zT value of the N-type semiconductor is 0.41 for OH-modified C 8 -BTBT. For the P-type semiconductor, the maximum zT value is 0.36 for CH 3 -modified C 8 -BTBT. We also found that NH 2 -modified C 8 - BTBT has poor thermoelectric properties, which means that the – NH 2 group may not be the optimal choice for C 8 -BTBT in thermoelectric applications.","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86983047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Robust SiO2-PCM Microcapsules","authors":"J. An, E. Yang, F. Duan, Xiang Yong, Jinglei Yang","doi":"10.30919/esmm5f475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f475","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79407908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dawei Sun, Jianhua Yan, Xiaoyue Ma, Mingzhang Lan, Zi-ming Wang, S. Cui, Jinglei Yang
The tribological properties of epoxy composites containing metal microcapsules and polymer microcapsules were investigated systematically. Both metal microcapsules and polymer microcapsules showed obvious core shell structures. The diameter of metal microcapsules and polymer microcapsules was 200.7±44.5 μm and 185.2±44.2 μm with a corresponding core fraction of 23.5±1.3 wt% and 75.0±2.1 wt%, respectively. The epoxy composites containing metal microcapsules possessed higher compressive strength than that containing polymer microcapsules, but its compressive modulus remained stable relatively with microcapsule concentrations, comparing with the gradual decrease of compressive modulus of composites containing polymer microcapsules. Besides, the friction coefficient of epoxy composites containing polymer microcapsules (less than 0.1) was several times lower than that of epoxy composites containing metal microcapsules (around 0.55). The friction coefficients of epoxy composites containing polymer microcapsules were decreased under higher microcapsules concentrations, but that of epoxy composites containing metal microcapsules was increased with microcapsules concentrations. Although composites containing metal microcapsules had higher strength and modulus than that containing polymer microcapsules, its wear loss including wear depth and wear width was far more than the composites containing polymer microcapsules under different normal loads and velocities.
{"title":"Tribological Investigation of Self-Healing Composites Containing Metal/Polymer Microcapsules","authors":"Dawei Sun, Jianhua Yan, Xiaoyue Ma, Mingzhang Lan, Zi-ming Wang, S. Cui, Jinglei Yang","doi":"10.30919/ESMM5F469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/ESMM5F469","url":null,"abstract":"The tribological properties of epoxy composites containing metal microcapsules and polymer microcapsules were investigated systematically. Both metal microcapsules and polymer microcapsules showed obvious core shell structures. The diameter of metal microcapsules and polymer microcapsules was 200.7±44.5 μm and 185.2±44.2 μm with a corresponding core fraction of 23.5±1.3 wt% and 75.0±2.1 wt%, respectively. The epoxy composites containing metal microcapsules possessed higher compressive strength than that containing polymer microcapsules, but its compressive modulus remained stable relatively with microcapsule concentrations, comparing with the gradual decrease of compressive modulus of composites containing polymer microcapsules. Besides, the friction coefficient of epoxy composites containing polymer microcapsules (less than 0.1) was several times lower than that of epoxy composites containing metal microcapsules (around 0.55). The friction coefficients of epoxy composites containing polymer microcapsules were decreased under higher microcapsules concentrations, but that of epoxy composites containing metal microcapsules was increased with microcapsules concentrations. Although composites containing metal microcapsules had higher strength and modulus than that containing polymer microcapsules, its wear loss including wear depth and wear width was far more than the composites containing polymer microcapsules under different normal loads and velocities.","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78253930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Supriya Vyas, A. Shukla, S. Shivhare, Vivekan, S. Bagal, N. Upadhyay
The purpose of this research is to develop advance conducting material blended with metal oxides that held both conducting and antimicrobial properties and due to this, applicable in many biomedical fields. The synthesis of nanoparticles of copper oxide (CuO) is performed by the chemical co-precipitation method and the synthesis of pure polyaniline (PANI) and PANI-CuO nanocomposites were performed by using in-situ chemical oxidative synthesis. The structural analysis was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Ultraviolet – Visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectrometry. The peaks obtained in spectra validate the fabrication of desired materials. The average particle size of synthesized materials was calculated using the Debye Scherrer formula, which was found in the nanoscale range. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images explored the morphology of CuO and PANI-CuO composite. The direct current (DC) conductivity measurement of samples was performed by the four-probe method for various temperatures. The values showed an increase of electrical conductivity in the composite as compared to PANI and supported the metallic nature of the composite. The antibacterial activity of composites was performed by disk diffusion method using Bacillus subtilis (Gram + ve bacteria) and Escherichia coli (Gram–ve bacteria) and the results are encouraging.
{"title":"High Performance Conducting Nanocomposites Polyaniline (PANI)-CuO with Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity for Biomedical Applications","authors":"Supriya Vyas, A. Shukla, S. Shivhare, Vivekan, S. Bagal, N. Upadhyay","doi":"10.30919/ESMM5F468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/ESMM5F468","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to develop advance conducting material blended with metal oxides that held both conducting and antimicrobial properties and due to this, applicable in many biomedical fields. The synthesis of nanoparticles of copper oxide (CuO) is performed by the chemical co-precipitation method and the synthesis of pure polyaniline (PANI) and PANI-CuO nanocomposites were performed by using in-situ chemical oxidative synthesis. The structural analysis was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Ultraviolet – Visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectrometry. The peaks obtained in spectra validate the fabrication of desired materials. The average particle size of synthesized materials was calculated using the Debye Scherrer formula, which was found in the nanoscale range. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images explored the morphology of CuO and PANI-CuO composite. The direct current (DC) conductivity measurement of samples was performed by the four-probe method for various temperatures. The values showed an increase of electrical conductivity in the composite as compared to PANI and supported the metallic nature of the composite. The antibacterial activity of composites was performed by disk diffusion method using Bacillus subtilis (Gram + ve bacteria) and Escherichia coli (Gram–ve bacteria) and the results are encouraging.","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77426730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tingting Song, Bo Jiang, Yida Li, Zhuohan Ji, Hongling Zhou, D. Jiang, Ilwoo Seok, Vignesh Murugadoss, Nan Wen, H. Colorado
Self-healing polymer is a kind of functional polymer materials that can repair scratches, cracks and other mechanical damage, whose unique self-healing ability is of great significance for prolonging the life of materials. Eigen self-healing polymers have become the focus of current research due to their advantages of mild healing conditions and repeatable healing. In this paper, the preparation technology and properties of self-healing elastomers were reviewed, which provided guidance for the preparation of polymers with high repair efficiency and pointed out its future development trend. The self-healing polymer materials based on Diels-Alder reaction, metal bond, hydrogen bond, ionic bond, disulfide bond, etc ., are mainly introduced, and their preparation process, healing mechanism and healing properties are reviewed. Although much progress has been made in self-healing elastomers based on different dynamic bonds, the development of materials with high repair efficiency remains a huge challenge. In this paper, various repair pathways of self-healing elastomers were reviewed, which provided guidance for the balance between repair and mechanical properties. The development of inherently self-healing polymers was also prospected.
{"title":"Self-healing Materials: A Review of Recent Developments","authors":"Tingting Song, Bo Jiang, Yida Li, Zhuohan Ji, Hongling Zhou, D. Jiang, Ilwoo Seok, Vignesh Murugadoss, Nan Wen, H. Colorado","doi":"10.30919/ESMM5F465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/ESMM5F465","url":null,"abstract":"Self-healing polymer is a kind of functional polymer materials that can repair scratches, cracks and other mechanical damage, whose unique self-healing ability is of great significance for prolonging the life of materials. Eigen self-healing polymers have become the focus of current research due to their advantages of mild healing conditions and repeatable healing. In this paper, the preparation technology and properties of self-healing elastomers were reviewed, which provided guidance for the preparation of polymers with high repair efficiency and pointed out its future development trend. The self-healing polymer materials based on Diels-Alder reaction, metal bond, hydrogen bond, ionic bond, disulfide bond, etc ., are mainly introduced, and their preparation process, healing mechanism and healing properties are reviewed. Although much progress has been made in self-healing elastomers based on different dynamic bonds, the development of materials with high repair efficiency remains a huge challenge. In this paper, various repair pathways of self-healing elastomers were reviewed, which provided guidance for the balance between repair and mechanical properties. The development of inherently self-healing polymers was also prospected.","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78897242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diffusion controlled pattern formation is one of the important phenomena in nature. The dendritic crystal growth, viscous fingering, electrodeposition, and diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) have received the most of the attention. One of the fundamental ways in which the dendritic pattern that is fractal is grown is electrodeposition. DLA and patterns developed as a result of DLA are often found in various processes in physical sciences, chemical sciences, and engineering. The dendritic pattern in the Electrodeposition of nickel from nickel chloride solution is presented at different cell operating temperatures. Dendritic patterns obtained under different cell operating conditions and their characterization are presented and analyzed. DLA-like conditions govern dendritic metal deposition using electrodeposition from electrolyte solutions. It was observed that nickel dendrites are not developed under electrodeposition using circular cell geometry, because the DLA-like conditions required for the growth of branching patterns cannot be realized at room temperature for nickel chloride solution. Therefore, the study of the electrodeposition of nickel from nickel chloride solution at different temperatures is presented in this paper. The fractal dimension of the pattern obtained in different growth is also given. The dendritic patterns developed show self-similarity and scale invariance, details are presented and findings discussed. To study the nature of material deposited in DLA-like conditions scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of images were analyzed. To study the particle size, X-ray diffraction (XRD) of material deposited is also analyzed and presented in the same work.
{"title":"Nickel Dendritic Pattern in Electrodeposition at Different Temperatures","authors":"Y. Shaikh, J. Pathan, Abdul Jallel, A. Khan","doi":"10.30919/ESMM5F462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/ESMM5F462","url":null,"abstract":"Diffusion controlled pattern formation is one of the important phenomena in nature. The dendritic crystal growth, viscous fingering, electrodeposition, and diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) have received the most of the attention. One of the fundamental ways in which the dendritic pattern that is fractal is grown is electrodeposition. DLA and patterns developed as a result of DLA are often found in various processes in physical sciences, chemical sciences, and engineering. The dendritic pattern in the Electrodeposition of nickel from nickel chloride solution is presented at different cell operating temperatures. Dendritic patterns obtained under different cell operating conditions and their characterization are presented and analyzed. DLA-like conditions govern dendritic metal deposition using electrodeposition from electrolyte solutions. It was observed that nickel dendrites are not developed under electrodeposition using circular cell geometry, because the DLA-like conditions required for the growth of branching patterns cannot be realized at room temperature for nickel chloride solution. Therefore, the study of the electrodeposition of nickel from nickel chloride solution at different temperatures is presented in this paper. The fractal dimension of the pattern obtained in different growth is also given. The dendritic patterns developed show self-similarity and scale invariance, details are presented and findings discussed. To study the nature of material deposited in DLA-like conditions scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of images were analyzed. To study the particle size, X-ray diffraction (XRD) of material deposited is also analyzed and presented in the same work.","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89443540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growth of nuclear power generation and the necessity to acquire uranium reserves for energy security and pollution regulation for environmental protection put much emphasis on the removal and recovery of uranium from aqueous solutions. Adsorption has been proved to be a promising method for this purpose method because of its high adsorption efficiency, easy operation, low cost, reusability and availability of massive adsorbents. Among a wide variety of adsorbents, graphene oxide (GO) has demonstrated excellent adsorption potential for uranium uptake and recovery due to its unique 2D structure, high specific surface area and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups. Regarding the functional groups, it can make GO with high dispersion and hydrophilicity and participate in the complexation of uranium, leading to high adsorption efficiency for uranium. In this review, the research status and progress of GO-based nanomaterials for uranium adsorption are summarized. Their adsorption capacities, influencing factors, kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics are compared and discussed. The microscopic mechanisms of uranium adsorption onto these GO-based nanomaterials are elaborated at molecular level by spectral analysis, surface complexation models, and theoretical calculations. Meanwhile, the challenges and research trends in the study of uranium adsorption by GO-based nanomaterials are pointed out. We believe that our focused review provides not only a summarizing reference on the current status of uranium removal and recovery by GObased nanomaterials, but also future directions for related follow-up research and practical applications.
{"title":"Graphene Oxide-based Nanomaterials for Uranium Adsorptive Uptake","authors":"Hongjuan Liu, Yuanbing Mao","doi":"10.30919/ESMM5F453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/ESMM5F453","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of nuclear power generation and the necessity to acquire uranium reserves for energy security and pollution regulation for environmental protection put much emphasis on the removal and recovery of uranium from aqueous solutions. Adsorption has been proved to be a promising method for this purpose method because of its high adsorption efficiency, easy operation, low cost, reusability and availability of massive adsorbents. Among a wide variety of adsorbents, graphene oxide (GO) has demonstrated excellent adsorption potential for uranium uptake and recovery due to its unique 2D structure, high specific surface area and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups. Regarding the functional groups, it can make GO with high dispersion and hydrophilicity and participate in the complexation of uranium, leading to high adsorption efficiency for uranium. In this review, the research status and progress of GO-based nanomaterials for uranium adsorption are summarized. Their adsorption capacities, influencing factors, kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics are compared and discussed. The microscopic mechanisms of uranium adsorption onto these GO-based nanomaterials are elaborated at molecular level by spectral analysis, surface complexation models, and theoretical calculations. Meanwhile, the challenges and research trends in the study of uranium adsorption by GO-based nanomaterials are pointed out. We believe that our focused review provides not only a summarizing reference on the current status of uranium removal and recovery by GObased nanomaterials, but also future directions for related follow-up research and practical applications.","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82215516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guangshuai Han, Yixuan Sun, Yining Feng, Guang Lin, Na Lu
Thermoelectric materials have increasingly been given attention recently due to their potential of being a solid-state solution in converting heat energy to electricity. Good performing thermoelectric materials are expected to have high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity which are usually positively correlated. This poses a challenge in finding suitable candidates. Designing thermoelectric materials often requires evaluating material properties in an iterative manner, which is experimentally and computationally expensive. Machine learning has been regarded as a promising tool to facilitate material design thanks to its fast inference time. In this paper, we summarize recent progress and present the entire workflow in machine learning applications to thermoelectric material discovery, with an emphasis on machine learning regression models and their evaluation.
{"title":"Machine Learning Regression Guided Thermoelectric Materials Discovery – A Review","authors":"Guangshuai Han, Yixuan Sun, Yining Feng, Guang Lin, Na Lu","doi":"10.30919/ESMM5F451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/ESMM5F451","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoelectric materials have increasingly been given attention recently due to their potential of being a solid-state solution in converting heat energy to electricity. Good performing thermoelectric materials are expected to have high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity which are usually positively correlated. This poses a challenge in finding suitable candidates. Designing thermoelectric materials often requires evaluating material properties in an iterative manner, which is experimentally and computationally expensive. Machine learning has been regarded as a promising tool to facilitate material design thanks to its fast inference time. In this paper, we summarize recent progress and present the entire workflow in machine learning applications to thermoelectric material discovery, with an emphasis on machine learning regression models and their evaluation.","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"281 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78468742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunpeng Wang, Guilong Peng, S. Sharshir, A. W. Kandeal, Nuo Yang
Enhancing the efficiency of solar evaporation is important for solar stills. In this study, the weighted values of environment factors (descriptors) on the efficiency of solar evaporation are obtained by using a machine learning algorithm, random forest. To verify the advancement between random forest and mathematical data analysis, two traditional methods, pair wise plots and Pearson correlation analysis, are conducted for comparison. Experimental data are obtained from around 100 articles since 2014. The results indicated that traditional methods failed at obtaining reasonable weighted values, while random forest is competent. It is found that thermal design is the most significant descriptors to obtain a high efficiency. The lack of complete dataset is the main challenge for more in-depth and comprehensive analysis. This work may promote the studies on solar evaporation and solar stills.
{"title":"The Weighted Values of Solar Evaporation’s Environment Factors Obtained by Machine Learning","authors":"Yunpeng Wang, Guilong Peng, S. Sharshir, A. W. Kandeal, Nuo Yang","doi":"10.30919/ESMM5F436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/ESMM5F436","url":null,"abstract":"Enhancing the efficiency of solar evaporation is important for solar stills. In this study, the weighted values of environment factors (descriptors) on the efficiency of solar evaporation are obtained by using a machine learning algorithm, random forest. To verify the advancement between random forest and mathematical data analysis, two traditional methods, pair wise plots and Pearson correlation analysis, are conducted for comparison. Experimental data are obtained from around 100 articles since 2014. The results indicated that traditional methods failed at obtaining reasonable weighted values, while random forest is competent. It is found that thermal design is the most significant descriptors to obtain a high efficiency. The lack of complete dataset is the main challenge for more in-depth and comprehensive analysis. This work may promote the studies on solar evaporation and solar stills.","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77361921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) panels that directly convert sunlight into electricity have been commercially available for both individual buildings and small-scale power plants. However, the production of crystalline silicon PV modules consumes a lot of energy and fossil fuels, thus the whole life cycle of silicon solar cells is not as green as you think. Therefore, researchers have been exploring low-cost and energy-efficient non-silicon-based PV technologies for decades, among which the halide perovskitebased PV quickly stood out and has attracted tremendous research efforts due to its simple solution-based fabrication and competitive power conversion efficiency (PCE). Pioneered by Prof. Tsutomu Miyasaka and colleagues from Toin University of Yokohama in Japan in 2009, the labscale halide perovskite PV device has witnessed a PCE enhancement from 3.8% to above 20%, which is comparable to silicon, during just one decade. Currently, the commercialization of halide perovskite solar cells is hindered by two profound issues. The first obstacle is the long-term instability under operational conditions involving atmospheric moisture, raised temperature, and real sunlight. For example, CH3NH3PbI3, a typical high-efficiency perovskite PV material, degrades easily at 120 °C. Second, the high-efficiency perovskites contain the toxic lead element, which can potentially harm the environment and human health and thus has been a major concern for commercialization. Many efforts have been devoted to addressing these issues. Especially, the compositional tuning of the perovskites, like the mixing of cations and anions, has led to remarkable improvements. At present, further research in the direction of compositional engineering is urgently desired to balance the stability, efficiency, and toxicity issues of perovskites. In this issue, we have two articles on halide perovskites with non-traditional compositions. Bhorde et al. incorporated Rb in Bi-based double perovskite and synthesized Rb2AgBiI6 perovskite thin films for the first time. This lead-free halide double perovskite showed a bandgap of about 1.98 eV and superior thermal stability at a temperature as high as 440 °C, which indicates promising applications in non-toxic and thermally-stable perovskite photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Jathar et al. report a facile synthesis method of an inorganic metal halide perovskite, CsPbBr3, which could help accelerate the synthesis of compositionally adjusted perovskites. Besides the perovskite research, this issue also collects articles on the compositional engineering of other important materials. The (Gd,Y)AG:Ce based phosphors have attracted much attention because of the excellent yellow light emission properties. Ma et al. partly substituted Al in (Gd,Y)AG:Ce by Ga or Mg, Si ions, and observed tunable color emission as the concentrations of the compositions changed. As for ceramic composites, Yang et al. added 0.3% content of graphene platelets to t
{"title":"Compositional Engineering of Halide Perovskites","authors":"Qin-Yi Li","doi":"10.30919/ESMM5F430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30919/ESMM5F430","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) panels that directly convert sunlight into electricity have been commercially available for both individual buildings and small-scale power plants. However, the production of crystalline silicon PV modules consumes a lot of energy and fossil fuels, thus the whole life cycle of silicon solar cells is not as green as you think. Therefore, researchers have been exploring low-cost and energy-efficient non-silicon-based PV technologies for decades, among which the halide perovskitebased PV quickly stood out and has attracted tremendous research efforts due to its simple solution-based fabrication and competitive power conversion efficiency (PCE). Pioneered by Prof. Tsutomu Miyasaka and colleagues from Toin University of Yokohama in Japan in 2009, the labscale halide perovskite PV device has witnessed a PCE enhancement from 3.8% to above 20%, which is comparable to silicon, during just one decade. Currently, the commercialization of halide perovskite solar cells is hindered by two profound issues. The first obstacle is the long-term instability under operational conditions involving atmospheric moisture, raised temperature, and real sunlight. For example, CH3NH3PbI3, a typical high-efficiency perovskite PV material, degrades easily at 120 °C. Second, the high-efficiency perovskites contain the toxic lead element, which can potentially harm the environment and human health and thus has been a major concern for commercialization. Many efforts have been devoted to addressing these issues. Especially, the compositional tuning of the perovskites, like the mixing of cations and anions, has led to remarkable improvements. At present, further research in the direction of compositional engineering is urgently desired to balance the stability, efficiency, and toxicity issues of perovskites. In this issue, we have two articles on halide perovskites with non-traditional compositions. Bhorde et al. incorporated Rb in Bi-based double perovskite and synthesized Rb2AgBiI6 perovskite thin films for the first time. This lead-free halide double perovskite showed a bandgap of about 1.98 eV and superior thermal stability at a temperature as high as 440 °C, which indicates promising applications in non-toxic and thermally-stable perovskite photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Jathar et al. report a facile synthesis method of an inorganic metal halide perovskite, CsPbBr3, which could help accelerate the synthesis of compositionally adjusted perovskites. Besides the perovskite research, this issue also collects articles on the compositional engineering of other important materials. The (Gd,Y)AG:Ce based phosphors have attracted much attention because of the excellent yellow light emission properties. Ma et al. partly substituted Al in (Gd,Y)AG:Ce by Ga or Mg, Si ions, and observed tunable color emission as the concentrations of the compositions changed. As for ceramic composites, Yang et al. added 0.3% content of graphene platelets to t","PeriodicalId":11851,"journal":{"name":"ES Materials & Manufacturing","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75396843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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