Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-10-25DOI: 10.1289/EHP16380
Alex J George, Linda S Birnbaum
{"title":"Erratum: \"Dioxins vs. PFAS: Science and Policy Challenges\".","authors":"Alex J George, Linda S Birnbaum","doi":"10.1289/EHP16380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP16380","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 10","pages":"109001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDExposomics, the study of the exposome, is flourishing, but the field is not well defined. The term "exposome" refers to all environmental influences and associated biological responses throughout the lifespan. However, this definition is very similar to that of the term "environment"-the external elements and conditions that surround and affect the life and development of an organism. Consequently, the exposome seems to be nothing more than a synonym for the environment, and exposomics a synonym for environmental research. As a result, some have rebranded their "standard" environmental health research with the neologistic exposome term, whereas others ignore or seek to abandon the seemingly redundant concept of the exposome.OBJECTIVESWe argue that exposomics needs to sharpen its mission focus to counteract this apparent redundancy. Exposomics should be defined as a research program in environmental health aimed at enabling a comprehensive and discovery-driven approach to identifying environmental determinants of human health. Similar to the aim of the Human Genome Project, exposomics aims to analyze the complete complexity of exposures and their corresponding biological responses. Exposomics' primary premise is that the existence of undiscovered, potentially interconnected, nongenetic (environmental) risk factors for health necessitates a comprehensive discovery-driven analysis approach.DISCUSSIONWe argue that exposomics researchers should adopt our reconceptualization of exposomics and focus on the productiveness and integrity of their research program: its purpose and principles. We suggest that exposomics researchers should coordinate the writing of reviews that assess the program's productiveness and integrity, as well as provide a platform for exposomics researchers to define their vision for the field. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14509.
{"title":"Reconceptualizing and Defining Exposomics within Environmental Health: Expanding the Scope of Health Research.","authors":"Caspar W Safarlou,Karin R Jongsma,Roel Vermeulen","doi":"10.1289/ehp14509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp14509","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDExposomics, the study of the exposome, is flourishing, but the field is not well defined. The term \"exposome\" refers to all environmental influences and associated biological responses throughout the lifespan. However, this definition is very similar to that of the term \"environment\"-the external elements and conditions that surround and affect the life and development of an organism. Consequently, the exposome seems to be nothing more than a synonym for the environment, and exposomics a synonym for environmental research. As a result, some have rebranded their \"standard\" environmental health research with the neologistic exposome term, whereas others ignore or seek to abandon the seemingly redundant concept of the exposome.OBJECTIVESWe argue that exposomics needs to sharpen its mission focus to counteract this apparent redundancy. Exposomics should be defined as a research program in environmental health aimed at enabling a comprehensive and discovery-driven approach to identifying environmental determinants of human health. Similar to the aim of the Human Genome Project, exposomics aims to analyze the complete complexity of exposures and their corresponding biological responses. Exposomics' primary premise is that the existence of undiscovered, potentially interconnected, nongenetic (environmental) risk factors for health necessitates a comprehensive discovery-driven analysis approach.DISCUSSIONWe argue that exposomics researchers should adopt our reconceptualization of exposomics and focus on the productiveness and integrity of their research program: its purpose and principles. We suggest that exposomics researchers should coordinate the writing of reviews that assess the program's productiveness and integrity, as well as provide a platform for exposomics researchers to define their vision for the field. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14509.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"52 1","pages":"95001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Invited Perspective: The Exposome-An Exciting Opportunity for Collaboration, Not Competition.","authors":"Christopher P Wild","doi":"10.1289/ehp15504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp15504","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"87 1","pages":"91302"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiangpu Gong,Katie Eminson,Glory O Atilola,Calvin Jephcote,Kathryn Adams,Gabriella Captur,Andrew P Hall,Marta Blangiardo,John Gulliver,Alex V Rowlands,Anna L Hansell
BACKGROUNDNighttime aircraft noise may affect people's sleep, yet large-scale evidence using objective and subjective measures remains limited.OBJECTIVEOur aim was to investigate associations between nighttime aircraft noise exposure and objectively measured sleep disturbance using a large UK cohort.METHODSWe used data from 105,770 UK Biobank cohort participants exposed and unexposed to aircraft noise who lived in 44 local authority districts near 4 international airports in England. We used a generalized linear regression model to examine cross-sectional associations between aircraft noise Lnight (23:00 hours-07:00 hours) and 7-d actimetric measures collected 2013-2015 (n=22,102). We also used Logit and generalized estimating equations models to examine associations between Lnight and self-reported sleep measures at enrollment (2006-2010) and follow-up (2012-2013). This approach allowed us to compare and contrast the results and support potential future meta-analyses on noise-related sleep disturbance.RESULTSCross-sectional analyses of actimetric data suggested sleep disturbance associated with Lnight, showing higher level of movements during the least active continuous 8-h time period [β: 0.12 milligravitational units; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.013, 0.23]. We also saw disrupted sleep-wake cycles as indicated by index scores of lower relative amplitude (β: -0.006; 95% CI: -0.007, -0.005), poorer interdaily stability (β: -0.010; 95% CI: -0.014, -0.006), and greater intradaily variability (β: 0.021; 95% CI: 0.019, 0.023), comparing Lnight ≥55 dB with <45 dB. Repeated cross-sectional analyses found a 52% higher odds of more frequent daytime dozing [odds ratio (OR) =1.52; 95% CI: 1.32, 1.75] for Lnight ≥55 dB in comparison with <45 dB, whereas the likelihood for more frequent sleeplessness was more uncertain (OR=1.13; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.39). Higher effect sizes were seen in preidentified vulnerable groups, including individuals >65y of age and those with diabetes or dementia.CONCLUSIONIndividuals exposed to higher levels of aircraft noise experienced objectively higher levels of sleep disturbance and changes in sleep-wake cycle. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14156.
{"title":"Associations between Aircraft Noise, Sleep, and Sleep-Wake Cycle: Actimetric Data from the UK Biobank Cohort near Four Major Airports.","authors":"Xiangpu Gong,Katie Eminson,Glory O Atilola,Calvin Jephcote,Kathryn Adams,Gabriella Captur,Andrew P Hall,Marta Blangiardo,John Gulliver,Alex V Rowlands,Anna L Hansell","doi":"10.1289/ehp14156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp14156","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDNighttime aircraft noise may affect people's sleep, yet large-scale evidence using objective and subjective measures remains limited.OBJECTIVEOur aim was to investigate associations between nighttime aircraft noise exposure and objectively measured sleep disturbance using a large UK cohort.METHODSWe used data from 105,770 UK Biobank cohort participants exposed and unexposed to aircraft noise who lived in 44 local authority districts near 4 international airports in England. We used a generalized linear regression model to examine cross-sectional associations between aircraft noise Lnight (23:00 hours-07:00 hours) and 7-d actimetric measures collected 2013-2015 (n=22,102). We also used Logit and generalized estimating equations models to examine associations between Lnight and self-reported sleep measures at enrollment (2006-2010) and follow-up (2012-2013). This approach allowed us to compare and contrast the results and support potential future meta-analyses on noise-related sleep disturbance.RESULTSCross-sectional analyses of actimetric data suggested sleep disturbance associated with Lnight, showing higher level of movements during the least active continuous 8-h time period [β: 0.12 milligravitational units; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.013, 0.23]. We also saw disrupted sleep-wake cycles as indicated by index scores of lower relative amplitude (β: -0.006; 95% CI: -0.007, -0.005), poorer interdaily stability (β: -0.010; 95% CI: -0.014, -0.006), and greater intradaily variability (β: 0.021; 95% CI: 0.019, 0.023), comparing Lnight ≥55 dB with <45 dB. Repeated cross-sectional analyses found a 52% higher odds of more frequent daytime dozing [odds ratio (OR) =1.52; 95% CI: 1.32, 1.75] for Lnight ≥55 dB in comparison with <45 dB, whereas the likelihood for more frequent sleeplessness was more uncertain (OR=1.13; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.39). Higher effect sizes were seen in preidentified vulnerable groups, including individuals >65y of age and those with diabetes or dementia.CONCLUSIONIndividuals exposed to higher levels of aircraft noise experienced objectively higher levels of sleep disturbance and changes in sleep-wake cycle. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14156.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"3 1","pages":"97006"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Health effects of climate change present different challenges to people as they age, and the risks are expected to be higher in lower-income countries. Protective actions can help.
{"title":"Senior Health in a Changing Climate: Unique Needs of a Complex Population.","authors":"Cynthia Washam","doi":"10.1289/ehp14757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp14757","url":null,"abstract":"Health effects of climate change present different challenges to people as they age, and the risks are expected to be higher in lower-income countries. Protective actions can help.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"21 1","pages":"92001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142275208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erika Austhof,Heidi E Brown,Alice E White,Rachel H Jervis,Joli Weiss,Sarah Shrum Davis,Delaney Moore,Kristen Pogreba-Brown
BACKGROUNDWeather variability is associated with enteric infections in people through a complex interaction of human, animal, and environmental factors. Although Campylobacter infections have been previously associated with precipitation and temperature, the association between precipitation and drought on campylobacteriosis has not been studied.OBJECTIVEUsing data from Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and counties in Utah, this ecological study aimed to assess the association between precipitation and the incidence of campylobacteriosis by county from 2009 to 2021 and to determine how this association is modified by prior drought level and animal operations.METHODSWe merged 38,782 cases of campylobacteriosis reported in 127 counties with total precipitation (in inches), temperature (in average degrees Fahrenheit), Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI, category), and animal census data (presence, density per square mile) by week from 2009 to 2021. Negative binomial generalized estimating equations adjusted for temperature with a 3-wk lag were used to explore the association between precipitation on campylobacteriosis with resulting incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Stratified analyses explored the association with precipitation following antecedent drought, presence of farm operations, and animal density.RESULTSA 1-in (25.4 mm) increase in precipitation was associated with a 3% increase in campylobacteriosis reported 3 wks later (IRR=1.03; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.04) after adjusting for average temperature and PDSI. Compared with normal conditions, there were significantly more cases when precipitation followed antecedent extremely wet (IRR=1.15; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.26), very wet (IRR=1.09; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.18), moderately wet (IRR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.12), moderate drought (IRR=1.11; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.16), and severe drought (IRR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.11) conditions, whereas there were significantly fewer cases (IRR=0.89; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.94) for antecedent extreme drought. Compared to counties with no animal operations, counties with animal operations had significantly more cases following precipitation for every PDSI category except extreme drought. Counties with a higher density of beef cattle, goats for meat, chicken broilers, and chicken layers had significantly higher rates of campylobacteriosis following precipitation than those with no such operations, whereas those with dairy cattle and goats for milk, did not.DISCUSSIONIn this majority arid and semiarid environment, precipitation following prior wet conditions and moderate and severe drought were significantly associated with increased rates of campylobacteriosis, and only in prior extreme drought did rates decrease. Where the precipitation fell made a difference; after precipitation, counties with farm operations had significantly more cases compared to counties without farm operations. Further work should assess individual-level risk factors within environmental exposure pathways for Campylobacter. https:
{"title":"Association between Precipitation Events, Drought, and Animal Operations with Campylobacter Infections in the Southwest United States, 2009-2021.","authors":"Erika Austhof,Heidi E Brown,Alice E White,Rachel H Jervis,Joli Weiss,Sarah Shrum Davis,Delaney Moore,Kristen Pogreba-Brown","doi":"10.1289/ehp14693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp14693","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDWeather variability is associated with enteric infections in people through a complex interaction of human, animal, and environmental factors. Although Campylobacter infections have been previously associated with precipitation and temperature, the association between precipitation and drought on campylobacteriosis has not been studied.OBJECTIVEUsing data from Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and counties in Utah, this ecological study aimed to assess the association between precipitation and the incidence of campylobacteriosis by county from 2009 to 2021 and to determine how this association is modified by prior drought level and animal operations.METHODSWe merged 38,782 cases of campylobacteriosis reported in 127 counties with total precipitation (in inches), temperature (in average degrees Fahrenheit), Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI, category), and animal census data (presence, density per square mile) by week from 2009 to 2021. Negative binomial generalized estimating equations adjusted for temperature with a 3-wk lag were used to explore the association between precipitation on campylobacteriosis with resulting incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Stratified analyses explored the association with precipitation following antecedent drought, presence of farm operations, and animal density.RESULTSA 1-in (25.4 mm) increase in precipitation was associated with a 3% increase in campylobacteriosis reported 3 wks later (IRR=1.03; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.04) after adjusting for average temperature and PDSI. Compared with normal conditions, there were significantly more cases when precipitation followed antecedent extremely wet (IRR=1.15; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.26), very wet (IRR=1.09; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.18), moderately wet (IRR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.12), moderate drought (IRR=1.11; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.16), and severe drought (IRR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.11) conditions, whereas there were significantly fewer cases (IRR=0.89; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.94) for antecedent extreme drought. Compared to counties with no animal operations, counties with animal operations had significantly more cases following precipitation for every PDSI category except extreme drought. Counties with a higher density of beef cattle, goats for meat, chicken broilers, and chicken layers had significantly higher rates of campylobacteriosis following precipitation than those with no such operations, whereas those with dairy cattle and goats for milk, did not.DISCUSSIONIn this majority arid and semiarid environment, precipitation following prior wet conditions and moderate and severe drought were significantly associated with increased rates of campylobacteriosis, and only in prior extreme drought did rates decrease. Where the precipitation fell made a difference; after precipitation, counties with farm operations had significantly more cases compared to counties without farm operations. Further work should assess individual-level risk factors within environmental exposure pathways for Campylobacter. https:","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"22 1","pages":"97010"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDA broad suite of bisphenol S (BPS) derivatives as alternatives for BPS have been identified in various human biological samples, including 4-hydroxyphenyl 4-isopropoxyphenylsulfone (BPSIP) detected in human umbilical cord plasma and breast milk. However, very little is known about the health outcomes of prenatal BPS derivative exposure to offspring.OBJECTIVESOur study aimed to investigate the response of hepatic cholesterol metabolism by sex in offspring of dams exposed to BPSIP.METHODSPregnant ICR mice were exposed to 5μg/kg body weight (BW)/day of BPSIP, BPS, or E2 through drinking water from gestational day one until the pups were weaned. The concentration of BPSIP, BPS, or E2 in the plasma and liver of pups was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Metabolic phenotypes were recorded, and histopathology was examined for liver impairment. Transcriptome analysis was employed to characterize the distribution and expression patterns of differentially expressed genes across sexes. The metabolic regulation was validated by quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting. The role of estrogen receptors (ERs) in mediating sex-dependent effects was investigated using animal models and liver organoids.RESULTSPups of dams exposed to BPSIP showed a higher serum cholesterol level, and liver cholesterol levels were higher in females and lower in males than in the controls. BPSIP concentration in the male liver was 1.22±0.25 ng/g and 0.69±0.27 ng/g in the female liver. Histopathology analysis showed steatosis and lipid deposition in both male and female offspring. Transcriptome and gene expression analyses identified sex-specific differences in cholesterol biosynthesis, absorption, disposal, and efflux between pups of dams exposed to BPSIP and those in controls. In vivo, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that the binding of ERα protein to key genes such as Hmgcr, Pcsk9, and Abcg5 was attenuated in BPSIP-exposed females compared to controls, while it was enhanced in males. In vitro, the liver organoid experiments demonstrated that restoration of differential expression induced by BPSIP in key genes, such as Hmgcr, Ldlr, and Cyp7a1, to levels comparable to the controls was only achieved when treated with a combination of ERα agonist and ERβ agonist.DISCUSSIONFindings from this study suggest that perinatal exposure to BPSIP disrupted cholesterol metabolism in a sex-specific manner in a mouse model, in which ERα played a crucial role both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, it is crucial to systematically evaluate BPS derivatives to protect maternal health during pregnancy and prevent the transmission of metabolic disorders across generations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14643.
{"title":"Evaluating the Effects of Perinatal Exposures to BPSIP on Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism in Female and Male Offspring ICR Mice.","authors":"Qi Wang,Shulin Gao,Baoqiang Chen,Jiadi Zhao,Wenyong Li,Lijun Wu","doi":"10.1289/ehp14643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp14643","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDA broad suite of bisphenol S (BPS) derivatives as alternatives for BPS have been identified in various human biological samples, including 4-hydroxyphenyl 4-isopropoxyphenylsulfone (BPSIP) detected in human umbilical cord plasma and breast milk. However, very little is known about the health outcomes of prenatal BPS derivative exposure to offspring.OBJECTIVESOur study aimed to investigate the response of hepatic cholesterol metabolism by sex in offspring of dams exposed to BPSIP.METHODSPregnant ICR mice were exposed to 5μg/kg body weight (BW)/day of BPSIP, BPS, or E2 through drinking water from gestational day one until the pups were weaned. The concentration of BPSIP, BPS, or E2 in the plasma and liver of pups was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Metabolic phenotypes were recorded, and histopathology was examined for liver impairment. Transcriptome analysis was employed to characterize the distribution and expression patterns of differentially expressed genes across sexes. The metabolic regulation was validated by quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting. The role of estrogen receptors (ERs) in mediating sex-dependent effects was investigated using animal models and liver organoids.RESULTSPups of dams exposed to BPSIP showed a higher serum cholesterol level, and liver cholesterol levels were higher in females and lower in males than in the controls. BPSIP concentration in the male liver was 1.22±0.25 ng/g and 0.69±0.27 ng/g in the female liver. Histopathology analysis showed steatosis and lipid deposition in both male and female offspring. Transcriptome and gene expression analyses identified sex-specific differences in cholesterol biosynthesis, absorption, disposal, and efflux between pups of dams exposed to BPSIP and those in controls. In vivo, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that the binding of ERα protein to key genes such as Hmgcr, Pcsk9, and Abcg5 was attenuated in BPSIP-exposed females compared to controls, while it was enhanced in males. In vitro, the liver organoid experiments demonstrated that restoration of differential expression induced by BPSIP in key genes, such as Hmgcr, Ldlr, and Cyp7a1, to levels comparable to the controls was only achieved when treated with a combination of ERα agonist and ERβ agonist.DISCUSSIONFindings from this study suggest that perinatal exposure to BPSIP disrupted cholesterol metabolism in a sex-specific manner in a mouse model, in which ERα played a crucial role both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, it is crucial to systematically evaluate BPS derivatives to protect maternal health during pregnancy and prevent the transmission of metabolic disorders across generations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14643.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"27 1","pages":"97011"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric Petermann,Peter Bossew,Joachim Kemski,Valeria Gruber,Nils Suhr,Bernd Hoffmann
BACKGROUNDRadon is a carcinogenic, radioactive gas that can accumulate indoors and is undetected by human senses. Therefore, accurate knowledge of indoor radon concentration is crucial for assessing radon-related health effects or identifying radon-prone areas.OBJECTIVESIndoor radon concentration at the national scale is usually estimated on the basis of extensive measurement campaigns. However, characteristics of the sampled households often differ from the characteristics of the target population owing to the large number of relevant factors that control the indoor radon concentration, such as the availability of geogenic radon or floor level. Furthermore, the sample size usually does not allow estimation with high spatial resolution. We propose a model-based approach that allows a more realistic estimation of indoor radon distribution with a higher spatial resolution than a purely data-based approach.METHODSA multistage modeling approach was used by applying a quantile regression forest that uses environmental and building data as predictors to estimate the probability distribution function of indoor radon for each floor level of each residential building in Germany. Based on the estimated probability distribution function, a probabilistic Monte Carlo sampling technique was applied, enabling the combination and population weighting of floor-level predictions. In this way, the uncertainty of the individual predictions is effectively propagated into the estimate of variability at the aggregated level.RESULTSThe results show an approximate lognormal distribution of indoor radon in dwellings in Germany with an arithmetic mean of 63 Bq/m3, a geometric mean of 41 Bq/m3, and a 95th percentile of 180 Bq/m3. The exceedance probabilities for 100 and 300 Bq/m3 are 12.5% (10.5 million people affected) and 2.2% (1.9 million people affected), respectively. In large cities, individual indoor radon concentration is generally estimated to be lower than in rural areas, which is due to the different distribution of the population on floor levels.DISCUSSIONThe advantages of our approach are that is yields a) an accurate estimation of indoor radon concentration even if the survey is not fully representative with respect to floor level and radon concentration in soil, and b) an estimate of the indoor radon distribution with a much higher spatial resolution than basic descriptive statistics. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14171.
{"title":"Development of a High-Resolution Indoor Radon Map Using a New Machine Learning-Based Probabilistic Model and German Radon Survey Data.","authors":"Eric Petermann,Peter Bossew,Joachim Kemski,Valeria Gruber,Nils Suhr,Bernd Hoffmann","doi":"10.1289/ehp14171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp14171","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDRadon is a carcinogenic, radioactive gas that can accumulate indoors and is undetected by human senses. Therefore, accurate knowledge of indoor radon concentration is crucial for assessing radon-related health effects or identifying radon-prone areas.OBJECTIVESIndoor radon concentration at the national scale is usually estimated on the basis of extensive measurement campaigns. However, characteristics of the sampled households often differ from the characteristics of the target population owing to the large number of relevant factors that control the indoor radon concentration, such as the availability of geogenic radon or floor level. Furthermore, the sample size usually does not allow estimation with high spatial resolution. We propose a model-based approach that allows a more realistic estimation of indoor radon distribution with a higher spatial resolution than a purely data-based approach.METHODSA multistage modeling approach was used by applying a quantile regression forest that uses environmental and building data as predictors to estimate the probability distribution function of indoor radon for each floor level of each residential building in Germany. Based on the estimated probability distribution function, a probabilistic Monte Carlo sampling technique was applied, enabling the combination and population weighting of floor-level predictions. In this way, the uncertainty of the individual predictions is effectively propagated into the estimate of variability at the aggregated level.RESULTSThe results show an approximate lognormal distribution of indoor radon in dwellings in Germany with an arithmetic mean of 63 Bq/m3, a geometric mean of 41 Bq/m3, and a 95th percentile of 180 Bq/m3. The exceedance probabilities for 100 and 300 Bq/m3 are 12.5% (10.5 million people affected) and 2.2% (1.9 million people affected), respectively. In large cities, individual indoor radon concentration is generally estimated to be lower than in rural areas, which is due to the different distribution of the population on floor levels.DISCUSSIONThe advantages of our approach are that is yields a) an accurate estimation of indoor radon concentration even if the survey is not fully representative with respect to floor level and radon concentration in soil, and b) an estimate of the indoor radon distribution with a much higher spatial resolution than basic descriptive statistics. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14171.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"500 1","pages":"97009"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yitao S Ning,Kayla R Getz,Joy K Kyeyune,Myung Sik Jeon,Chongliang Luo,Jingqin Luo,Adetunji T Toriola
BACKGROUNDMammographic breast density (MBD) is a strong risk factor and an intermediate phenotype for breast cancer, yet there are limited studies on how environmental pollutants are associated with MBD.OBJECTIVEWe investigated associations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) levels with measures of MBD and evaluated if early life factors modified any associations.METHODSMetabolon performed metabolomics analysis using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem accurate mass spectrometry in fasting blood from 705 premenopausal women completing their annual screening mammogram in St. Louis, Missouri. We calculated least square means (LSM) of mammographic volumetric percent density (VPD), dense volume (DV), and nondense volume (NDV) by quartiles (Q) of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS from multivariable linear regression modeling overall and stratified by recruitment period, race, age at menarche, and body shape at age 10. Models were adjusted for age, age at menarche, body fat percentage, race, family history of breast cancer, oral contraceptive use, alcohol consumption, parity/age at first birth, and body shape at age 10.RESULTSPFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS were not significantly associated with VPD or NDV. PFHxS was significantly positively associated with DV (Q1=67.64 cm3, Q2=69.91 cm3, Q3=69.06 cm3, Q4=75.79 cm3; p-trend=0.03). PFOS was positively associated with DV (Q1=65.45 cm3, Q2=70.74 cm3, Q3=73.31 cm3, Q4=73.52 cm3; p-trend=0.06) with DV being 8.1%, 12%, and 12.3% higher in Q2, Q3, and Q4 compared to Q1. Among women who were underweight/normal weight at age 10, PFOS was positively associated with VPD (Q1=9.02%, Q2=9.11%, Q3=9.48%, Q4=9.92%; p-trend=0.04) while there was an inverse association among women who were overweight/obese at age 10 (Q1=7.46%, Q2=6.94%, Q3=6.78%, Q4=5.47%; p-trend=0.005) (p-interaction=0.04).DISCUSSIONWe report novel associations of PFHxS and PFOS with DV in premenopausal women. PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS were not associated with VPD and NDV. In addition, body shape at age 10 may modify the associations of PFOS with MBD. Further studies are needed to validate our findings and to evaluate the associations of other per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), as well as mixtures of PFAS, with MBD. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14065.
{"title":"PFAS Levels, Early Life Factors, and Mammographic Breast Density in Premenopausal Women.","authors":"Yitao S Ning,Kayla R Getz,Joy K Kyeyune,Myung Sik Jeon,Chongliang Luo,Jingqin Luo,Adetunji T Toriola","doi":"10.1289/ehp14065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp14065","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDMammographic breast density (MBD) is a strong risk factor and an intermediate phenotype for breast cancer, yet there are limited studies on how environmental pollutants are associated with MBD.OBJECTIVEWe investigated associations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) levels with measures of MBD and evaluated if early life factors modified any associations.METHODSMetabolon performed metabolomics analysis using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem accurate mass spectrometry in fasting blood from 705 premenopausal women completing their annual screening mammogram in St. Louis, Missouri. We calculated least square means (LSM) of mammographic volumetric percent density (VPD), dense volume (DV), and nondense volume (NDV) by quartiles (Q) of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS from multivariable linear regression modeling overall and stratified by recruitment period, race, age at menarche, and body shape at age 10. Models were adjusted for age, age at menarche, body fat percentage, race, family history of breast cancer, oral contraceptive use, alcohol consumption, parity/age at first birth, and body shape at age 10.RESULTSPFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS were not significantly associated with VPD or NDV. PFHxS was significantly positively associated with DV (Q1=67.64 cm3, Q2=69.91 cm3, Q3=69.06 cm3, Q4=75.79 cm3; p-trend=0.03). PFOS was positively associated with DV (Q1=65.45 cm3, Q2=70.74 cm3, Q3=73.31 cm3, Q4=73.52 cm3; p-trend=0.06) with DV being 8.1%, 12%, and 12.3% higher in Q2, Q3, and Q4 compared to Q1. Among women who were underweight/normal weight at age 10, PFOS was positively associated with VPD (Q1=9.02%, Q2=9.11%, Q3=9.48%, Q4=9.92%; p-trend=0.04) while there was an inverse association among women who were overweight/obese at age 10 (Q1=7.46%, Q2=6.94%, Q3=6.78%, Q4=5.47%; p-trend=0.005) (p-interaction=0.04).DISCUSSIONWe report novel associations of PFHxS and PFOS with DV in premenopausal women. PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS were not associated with VPD and NDV. In addition, body shape at age 10 may modify the associations of PFOS with MBD. Further studies are needed to validate our findings and to evaluate the associations of other per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), as well as mixtures of PFAS, with MBD. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14065.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"13 1","pages":"97008"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ting Gan,Hilary Bambrick,Yumin Li,Kristie L Ebi,Wenbiao Hu
BACKGROUNDWhile some evidence has potentially linked climate change to carcinogenic factors, the long-term effect of climate change on liver cancer risk largely remains unclear.OBJECTIVESOur objective is to evaluate the long-term relationship between temperature increase and liver cancer incidence in Australia.METHODSWe mapped the spatial distribution of liver cancer incidence from 2001 to 2019 in Australia. A Bayesian spatial conditional autoregressive (CAR) model was used to estimate the relationships between the increase in temperature at different lags and liver cancer incidence in Australia, after controlling for chronic hepatitis B prevalence, chronic hepatitis C prevalence, and the Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage. Spatial random effects obtained from the Bayesian CAR model were also mapped.RESULTSThe research showed that the distribution of liver cancer in Australia is spatially clustered, most areas in Northern Territory and Northern Queensland have higher incidence and relative risk. The increase in temperature at the lag of 30 years was found to correlate with the increase in liver cancer incidence in Australia, with a posterior mean of 30.57 [95% Bayesian credible interval (CrI): 0.17, 58.88] for the univariate model and 29.50 (95% CrI: 1.27, 58.95) after controlling for confounders, respectively. The results were not highly credible for other lags.DISCUSSIONOur Bayesian spatial analysis suggested a potential relationship between temperature increase and liver cancer. To our knowledge, this research marks the first attempt to assess the long-term effect of global warming on liver cancer. If the relationship is confirmed by other studies, these findings may inform the development of prevention and mitigation strategies based on climate change projections. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14574.
{"title":"Long-Term Effect of Temperature Increase on Liver Cancer in Australia: A Bayesian Spatial Analysis.","authors":"Ting Gan,Hilary Bambrick,Yumin Li,Kristie L Ebi,Wenbiao Hu","doi":"10.1289/ehp14574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp14574","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDWhile some evidence has potentially linked climate change to carcinogenic factors, the long-term effect of climate change on liver cancer risk largely remains unclear.OBJECTIVESOur objective is to evaluate the long-term relationship between temperature increase and liver cancer incidence in Australia.METHODSWe mapped the spatial distribution of liver cancer incidence from 2001 to 2019 in Australia. A Bayesian spatial conditional autoregressive (CAR) model was used to estimate the relationships between the increase in temperature at different lags and liver cancer incidence in Australia, after controlling for chronic hepatitis B prevalence, chronic hepatitis C prevalence, and the Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage. Spatial random effects obtained from the Bayesian CAR model were also mapped.RESULTSThe research showed that the distribution of liver cancer in Australia is spatially clustered, most areas in Northern Territory and Northern Queensland have higher incidence and relative risk. The increase in temperature at the lag of 30 years was found to correlate with the increase in liver cancer incidence in Australia, with a posterior mean of 30.57 [95% Bayesian credible interval (CrI): 0.17, 58.88] for the univariate model and 29.50 (95% CrI: 1.27, 58.95) after controlling for confounders, respectively. The results were not highly credible for other lags.DISCUSSIONOur Bayesian spatial analysis suggested a potential relationship between temperature increase and liver cancer. To our knowledge, this research marks the first attempt to assess the long-term effect of global warming on liver cancer. If the relationship is confirmed by other studies, these findings may inform the development of prevention and mitigation strategies based on climate change projections. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14574.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"12 1","pages":"97007"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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