Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1289/EHP14513
Tamarra James-Todd, Kathryn S Tomsho, Symielle A Gaston, Kevin C Elliott, Chandra L Jackson
Background: In environmental epidemiology, we use an array of tools from various, related disciplines to answer key questions about environmental exposures in relation to health outcomes. Typically, we ask questions related to what, who, where, when, and how. We value these questions because they contribute to novel scientific discovery and our understanding of disease etiology linked to environmental exposures. In addition, these questions help us better understand who might be at highest risk of exposure and subsequent risk of disease. Although necessary for the goals of environmental epidemiology, these questions are insufficient for addressing environmental health disparities. Specifically, these questions may be able to help us describe exposure-health outcome associations but are limited in their ability to move beyond identification to intervening on observed disparities to achieve environmental health equity.
Objectives: We sought to emphasize the need to value and routinely add the key question of "Why?" in environmental epidemiological studies. In asking this additional critical question, we can identify and incorporate the structural determinants and drivers of environmental exposure disparities and determine whether these factors are linked to existing and historically recalcitrant health disparities. Further, we can design effective studies that build on existing frameworks to address the fundamental causes of environmental health disparities.
Discussion: This commentary underscores the need to routinely incorporate "why" questions in the practice of environmental epidemiology. By asking and addressing "Why?" we can employ better, more solution-oriented study designs, improve data collection, and enhance our ability to collaborate with diverse study populations through trust-building and community-engaged research. Incorporating these approaches will move environmental epidemiology forward from mostly documenting to actively addressing environmental health disparities. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14513.
{"title":"Asking Why Is Necessary to Address Health Disparities: A Critical Approach for Solution-Oriented Environmental Epidemiological Research.","authors":"Tamarra James-Todd, Kathryn S Tomsho, Symielle A Gaston, Kevin C Elliott, Chandra L Jackson","doi":"10.1289/EHP14513","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In environmental epidemiology, we use an array of tools from various, related disciplines to answer key questions about environmental exposures in relation to health outcomes. Typically, we ask questions related to what, who, where, when, and how. We value these questions because they contribute to novel scientific discovery and our understanding of disease etiology linked to environmental exposures. In addition, these questions help us better understand who might be at highest risk of exposure and subsequent risk of disease. Although necessary for the goals of environmental epidemiology, these questions are insufficient for addressing environmental health disparities. Specifically, these questions may be able to help us describe exposure-health outcome associations but are limited in their ability to move beyond identification to intervening on observed disparities to achieve environmental health equity.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We sought to emphasize the need to value and routinely add the key question of \"Why?\" in environmental epidemiological studies. In asking this additional critical question, we can identify and incorporate the structural determinants and drivers of environmental exposure disparities and determine whether these factors are linked to existing and historically recalcitrant health disparities. Further, we can design effective studies that build on existing frameworks to address the fundamental causes of environmental health disparities.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This commentary underscores the need to routinely incorporate \"why\" questions in the practice of environmental epidemiology. By asking and addressing \"Why?\" we can employ better, more solution-oriented study designs, improve data collection, and enhance our ability to collaborate with diverse study populations through trust-building and community-engaged research. Incorporating these approaches will move environmental epidemiology forward from mostly documenting to actively addressing environmental health disparities. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14513.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 11","pages":"115001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142616682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1289/EHP16404
Ziwei Gao, Jiachen Qi, Wei Ye
{"title":"Comment on \"Associations between Changes in Exposure to Air Pollutants due to Relocation and the Incidence of 14 Major Disease Categories and All-Cause Mortality: A Natural Experiment Study\".","authors":"Ziwei Gao, Jiachen Qi, Wei Ye","doi":"10.1289/EHP16404","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP16404","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 11","pages":"118001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11556394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142616688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1289/EHP15224
Wendee Nicole
The integrated approach tackles a perfect storm of poverty, invasive rats, deforestation, and climate change that is contributing to the increase in bubonic plague cases.
这种综合方法解决了导致鼠疫病例增加的贫困、鼠类入侵、森林砍伐和气候变化等问题。
{"title":"Madagascar's Plague: One Health Research Aims to Slow Its Spread.","authors":"Wendee Nicole","doi":"10.1289/EHP15224","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integrated approach tackles a perfect storm of poverty, invasive rats, deforestation, and climate change that is contributing to the increase in bubonic plague cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 11","pages":"112001"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-11-25DOI: 10.1289/EHP16189
Carrie Arnold
High school students and teachers paired with researchers improved awareness, drinking water testing, and abatement in high-risk areas.
高中师生与研究人员结成对子，提高了高风险地区的认识、饮用水检测和减排能力。
{"title":"Education Fosters Action: Community Science Advances Arsenic Abatement in Maine and New Hampshire.","authors":"Carrie Arnold","doi":"10.1289/EHP16189","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP16189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High school students and teachers paired with researchers improved awareness, drinking water testing, and abatement in high-risk areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 11","pages":"114003"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11588073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1289/EHP14334
Youran Tan, Stephanie M Eick, Anne L Dunlop, Dana Boyd Barr, Kaitlin R Taibl, Kyle Steenland, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Morgan Robinson, Che-Jung Chang, Parinya Panuwet, Volha Yakimavets, Carmen J Marsit, P Barry Ryan, Donghai Liang
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Longitudinal trends in per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) serum concentrations across pregnancy have not been thoroughly examined, despite evidence linking prenatal PFAS exposures with adverse birth outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We sought to characterize longitudinal PFAS concentrations across pregnancy and to examine the maternal-fetal transfer ratio among participants in a study of risk and protective factors for adverse birth outcomes among African Americans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child cohort (2014-2020), we quantified serum concentrations of four PFAS in 376 participants and an additional eight PFAS in a subset of 301 participants during early (8-14 weeks gestation) and late pregnancy (24-30 weeks gestation). Among these, PFAS concentrations were also measured among 199 newborns with available dried blood spot (DBS) samples. We characterized the patterns, variability, and associations in PFAS concentrations at different time points across pregnancy using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), maternal-newborn pairs transfer ratios, linear mixed effect models, and multivariable linear regression, adjusting for socioeconomic and prenatal predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were detected in <math><mrow><mo>></mo><mn>95</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math> of maternal samples, with PFHxS and PFOS having the highest median concentrations. We observed high variability in PFAS concentrations across pregnancy time points (<math><mrow><mtext>ICC</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>0.03</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>0.59</mn></mrow></math>). All median PFAS concentrations increased from early to late pregnancy, except for PFOA and N-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (NMFOSAA), which decreased [paired <math><mi>t</mi></math>-test for all PFAS <math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo><</mo><mn>0.05</mn></mrow></math> except for PFOA and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS)]. Prenatal serum PFAS were weakly to moderately correlated with newborn DBS PFAS (<math><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>0.05</mn><mo><</mo><mtext>rho</mtext></mrow></math> <math><mrow><mo><</mo><mn>0.49</mn></mrow></math>). The median maternal-fetal PFAS transfer ratio was lower for PFAS with longer carbon chains. After adjusting for socioeconomic and prenatal predictors, in linear mixed effect models, the adjusted mean PFAS concentrations significantly increased during pregnancy, except for PFOA. In multivariable linear regression, PFAS concentrations in early pregnancy significantly predicted the PFAS concentrations in late pregnancy and in newborns.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We found that the concentrations of most PFAS increased during pregnancy, and the magnitude of variability differed by individual PFAS. Future studies are needed to understand the influence of
{"title":"A Prospective Analysis of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Early Pregnancy to Delivery in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort.","authors":"Youran Tan, Stephanie M Eick, Anne L Dunlop, Dana Boyd Barr, Kaitlin R Taibl, Kyle Steenland, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Morgan Robinson, Che-Jung Chang, Parinya Panuwet, Volha Yakimavets, Carmen J Marsit, P Barry Ryan, Donghai Liang","doi":"10.1289/EHP14334","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP14334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Longitudinal trends in per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) serum concentrations across pregnancy have not been thoroughly examined, despite evidence linking prenatal PFAS exposures with adverse birth outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We sought to characterize longitudinal PFAS concentrations across pregnancy and to examine the maternal-fetal transfer ratio among participants in a study of risk and protective factors for adverse birth outcomes among African Americans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child cohort (2014-2020), we quantified serum concentrations of four PFAS in 376 participants and an additional eight PFAS in a subset of 301 participants during early (8-14 weeks gestation) and late pregnancy (24-30 weeks gestation). Among these, PFAS concentrations were also measured among 199 newborns with available dried blood spot (DBS) samples. We characterized the patterns, variability, and associations in PFAS concentrations at different time points across pregnancy using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), maternal-newborn pairs transfer ratios, linear mixed effect models, and multivariable linear regression, adjusting for socioeconomic and prenatal predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were detected in <math><mrow><mo>></mo><mn>95</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math> of maternal samples, with PFHxS and PFOS having the highest median concentrations. We observed high variability in PFAS concentrations across pregnancy time points (<math><mrow><mtext>ICC</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>0.03</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>0.59</mn></mrow></math>). All median PFAS concentrations increased from early to late pregnancy, except for PFOA and N-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (NMFOSAA), which decreased [paired <math><mi>t</mi></math>-test for all PFAS <math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo><</mo><mn>0.05</mn></mrow></math> except for PFOA and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS)]. Prenatal serum PFAS were weakly to moderately correlated with newborn DBS PFAS (<math><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>0.05</mn><mo><</mo><mtext>rho</mtext></mrow></math> <math><mrow><mo><</mo><mn>0.49</mn></mrow></math>). The median maternal-fetal PFAS transfer ratio was lower for PFAS with longer carbon chains. After adjusting for socioeconomic and prenatal predictors, in linear mixed effect models, the adjusted mean PFAS concentrations significantly increased during pregnancy, except for PFOA. In multivariable linear regression, PFAS concentrations in early pregnancy significantly predicted the PFAS concentrations in late pregnancy and in newborns.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We found that the concentrations of most PFAS increased during pregnancy, and the magnitude of variability differed by individual PFAS. Future studies are needed to understand the influence of ","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 11","pages":"117001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11540153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1289/EHP15377
Apolline Saucy, Ana Espinosa, Susana Iraola-Guzmán, Gemma Castaño-Vinyals, Barbara N Harding, Marianna Karachaliou, Otavio Ranzani, Rafael De Cid, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Manolis Kogevinas
{"title":"Environmental Exposures and Long COVID in a Prospective Population-Based Study in Catalonia (COVICAT Study).","authors":"Apolline Saucy, Ana Espinosa, Susana Iraola-Guzmán, Gemma Castaño-Vinyals, Barbara N Harding, Marianna Karachaliou, Otavio Ranzani, Rafael De Cid, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Manolis Kogevinas","doi":"10.1289/EHP15377","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15377","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 11","pages":"117701"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11601095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142726951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1289/EHP16701
Wendee Nicole
{"title":"Erratum: \"Gut Check: Microbiota and Obesity in Mice Exposed to Polystyrene Microspheres\".","authors":"Wendee Nicole","doi":"10.1289/EHP16701","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP16701","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 11","pages":"119003"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11601378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1289/EHP15798
Kelley Christensen
A state-of-the-science review probed whether biodiversity inside the body and in the environment were associated with certain immune responses.
一项科学研究探讨了体内和环境中的生物多样性是否与某些免疫反应有关。
{"title":"Diversity under a Microscope: As Biodiversity Diminishes, Do Allergies and Asthma Increase?","authors":"Kelley Christensen","doi":"10.1289/EHP15798","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A state-of-the-science review probed whether biodiversity inside the body and in the environment were associated with certain immune responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 11","pages":"114002"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1289/EHP15844
Wendee Nicole
Gut microbes appeared to play a role in the obesity outcomes observed in mice fed manufactured polystyrene microspheres.
肠道微生物似乎在喂食人造聚苯乙烯微球的小鼠中观察到的肥胖结果中起了作用。
{"title":"Gut Check: Microbiota and Obesity in Mice Exposed to Polystyrene Microspheres.","authors":"Wendee Nicole","doi":"10.1289/EHP15844","DOIUrl":"10.1289/EHP15844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gut microbes appeared to play a role in the obesity outcomes observed in mice fed manufactured polystyrene microspheres.</p>","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"132 11","pages":"114001"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exposures to chemicals, including phthalates, triphenyl phosphate, and dibutyl phosphate, have been associated with increased levels of lipid markers, such as elevated low-density lipoprotein.
{"title":"A Bigger Big Picture: Insights on Environmental Chemicals and Dyslipidemia through Combined \"Omic\" Analyses.","authors":"Charles Schmidt","doi":"10.1289/ehp15932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp15932","url":null,"abstract":"Exposures to chemicals, including phthalates, triphenyl phosphate, and dibutyl phosphate, have been associated with increased levels of lipid markers, such as elevated low-density lipoprotein.","PeriodicalId":11862,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","volume":"48 1","pages":"104002"},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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