Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.3.686
F. Agutu, S. Mbuku, J. Ondiek, B. Bebe
Bull service is the most common insemination method in pastoral herds grazing in the rangelands. To accelerate multiplication and distribution of and access to high quality Sahiwal genetics to pastoral communities, development agencies have promoted the use of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) in the Kenyan rangelands. However, sustainable use of ARTs is uncertain because pastoral herd owners attach high value to bull calves of high genetic merits for breeding, which is a potential barrier to technology adoption. This study assessed preferential use of ART- bull calves among beneficiaries of the Sahiwal cattle upgrading breeding program that were utilizing OvSynch and TAI protocol in the southern rangelands of Kenya. Preferential use of bull calves was assessed in a choice experiment basing on attributes associated with potential use of bull calves. Overall, the first-choice preference was to retain the bull calves for future breeding (54%) compared to immediate selling for income (44%). This was the first-choice of pastoralists and agro pastoralists preferred unlike ranchers who preferred selling bull calves for income compared to retaining for future breeding (80% versus 20%). The preference of retaining bull calves for future breeding was higher among women compared to male respondents (59% versus 51%). Second choice preferences were sales for income (58%), breeding (29%), draft power (5%), meat production and cultural practices (3% each) and prestige (2%). Socioeconomic factors had no significant influence on preferential use of ARTs bull calves. The results indicate that high genetic merit bull calves are preferred for breeding, implying that bull calves would be retained within the pastoral herds for bull service. This presents a possible barrier to adoption of ARTs in pastoral herds for upgrading of Sahiwal cattle breed. Policy direction need to invest in Sahiwal multiplication and distribution of bull calves to pastoralists and agro pastoralists. Ranchers have low preference for retaining bull calves for breeding, so it would be best to capacitate them to invest in ARTs to multiply breeding bulls and supply to pastoralists and agro pastoralists.
{"title":"Preferential Use of Sahiwal Bull Calves by Beneficiaries of Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Southern Rangelands of Kenya","authors":"F. Agutu, S. Mbuku, J. Ondiek, B. Bebe","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.3.686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.3.686","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Bull service is the most common insemination method in pastoral herds grazing in the rangelands. To accelerate multiplication and distribution of and access to high quality Sahiwal genetics to pastoral communities, development agencies have promoted the use of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) in the Kenyan rangelands. However, sustainable use of ARTs is uncertain because pastoral herd owners attach high value to bull calves of high genetic merits for breeding, which is a potential barrier to technology adoption. This study assessed preferential use of ART- bull calves among beneficiaries of the Sahiwal cattle upgrading breeding program that were utilizing OvSynch and TAI protocol in the southern rangelands of Kenya. Preferential use of bull calves was assessed in a choice experiment basing on attributes associated with potential use of bull calves. Overall, the first-choice preference was to retain the bull calves for future breeding (54%) compared to immediate selling for income (44%). This was the first-choice of pastoralists and agro pastoralists preferred unlike ranchers who preferred selling bull calves for income compared to retaining for future breeding (80% versus 20%). The preference of retaining bull calves for future breeding was higher among women compared to male respondents (59% versus 51%). Second choice preferences were sales for income (58%), breeding (29%), draft power (5%), meat production and cultural practices (3% each) and prestige (2%). Socioeconomic factors had no significant influence on preferential use of ARTs bull calves. The results indicate that high genetic merit bull calves are preferred for breeding, implying that bull calves would be retained within the pastoral herds for bull service. This presents a possible barrier to adoption of ARTs in pastoral herds for upgrading of Sahiwal cattle breed. Policy direction need to invest in Sahiwal multiplication and distribution of bull calves to pastoralists and agro pastoralists. Ranchers have low preference for retaining bull calves for breeding, so it would be best to capacitate them to invest in ARTs to multiply breeding bulls and supply to pastoralists and agro pastoralists.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78615845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.3.674
Anoman Jean Claude Bosson, A. Zoro, L. Zoue, Ahmont Landry Claude Kablan, A. Coulibaly, A. Touré
Pulp of Kent mango (Mangifera indica L.) grown in Côte d’Ivoire was analyzed for it post-harvest profiles in polyphenols, vitamins and amino acids. HPLC method was used for determination of polyphenols, vitamins and amino acids in pulp during 12 post-harvest days. The results revealed the reduction of the polyphenols composition in Kent mango pulp from harvest until the 12th day except gallic acid. This composition is reduced from 9.63±0.52 to 4.31±0.00 mg/100g (gallotanins); 3.22±0.10 to 1.55±0.05 mg/100g (mangiferin); 8.99±0.57 to 2.57±0.00 mg/100g (quercetin) and 3.38±0.34 to 0.92±0.07 mg/100g (isoquercetin). Gallic acid composition increased from 20.39±0.40 to 22.60±0.31 after 6 post-harvest days. The gallic acid content is reduced from 21.34±0.02 to 13.46±0.30 mg/100g between the 6 and 12 post-harvest days. For vitamins of mango pulp, provitamin A content increases from 2nd day (28.03±0.93 µg/100g) to 12th day (50.17±1.12µg/100g). Vitamin B3, B5, and K are stable from 2nd to 4th day before respectively decreased from 1.23±0.06 to 0.10±0.02 mg/100g (vitamin B3); 0.19±0.02 to 0.04±0.01mg/100g (vitamin B5) and 5.00±0.81 to 2.66±0.47µg/100g (vitamin K) between the 6th and 12th day. Vitamins B6 and E contents remained stable during the 6 post-harvest days before decreased until the 12th day from 0.15±0.01 to 0.02±0.01 and 0.63±0.04 to 0.24±0.09 respectively. Concerning amino acids contents, alanin and glutamic acid decreased respectively from 70.66±0.93 to 40.40 mg/100g and 82.33±0.15 to 48.66±0.33 mg/100g between the 2nd and 12th post-harvest days. Valin and tryptophan contents increased respectively from 33.00 to 42.33 mg/100g and 8.33 to 16 mg/100g from the 2nd to 8th day unlike leucin and methionine which decreased during the 12 days of ripening. This study showed that pulp of Kent mango of Côte d’Ivoire has interesting polyphenols, vitamins and amino acids profiles during the 6th and 8th post-harvest day. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a similar study has been carried out on the evolution of polyphenols, vitamins and amino acids content in Kent mango pulp during it post-harvest ripening.
{"title":"Post-harvest Profiles of Polyphenols, Vitamins and Amino Acids in Pulp of Kent Mango Grown in Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"Anoman Jean Claude Bosson, A. Zoro, L. Zoue, Ahmont Landry Claude Kablan, A. Coulibaly, A. Touré","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.3.674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.3.674","url":null,"abstract":"Pulp of Kent mango (Mangifera indica L.) grown in Côte d’Ivoire was analyzed for it post-harvest profiles in polyphenols, vitamins and amino acids. HPLC method was used for determination of polyphenols, vitamins and amino acids in pulp during 12 post-harvest days. The results revealed the reduction of the polyphenols composition in Kent mango pulp from harvest until the 12th day except gallic acid. This composition is reduced from 9.63±0.52 to 4.31±0.00 mg/100g (gallotanins); 3.22±0.10 to 1.55±0.05 mg/100g (mangiferin); 8.99±0.57 to 2.57±0.00 mg/100g (quercetin) and 3.38±0.34 to 0.92±0.07 mg/100g (isoquercetin). Gallic acid composition increased from 20.39±0.40 to 22.60±0.31 after 6 post-harvest days. The gallic acid content is reduced from 21.34±0.02 to 13.46±0.30 mg/100g between the 6 and 12 post-harvest days. For vitamins of mango pulp, provitamin A content increases from 2nd day (28.03±0.93 µg/100g) to 12th day (50.17±1.12µg/100g). Vitamin B3, B5, and K are stable from 2nd to 4th day before respectively decreased from 1.23±0.06 to 0.10±0.02 mg/100g (vitamin B3); 0.19±0.02 to 0.04±0.01mg/100g (vitamin B5) and 5.00±0.81 to 2.66±0.47µg/100g (vitamin K) between the 6th and 12th day. Vitamins B6 and E contents remained stable during the 6 post-harvest days before decreased until the 12th day from 0.15±0.01 to 0.02±0.01 and 0.63±0.04 to 0.24±0.09 respectively. Concerning amino acids contents, alanin and glutamic acid decreased respectively from 70.66±0.93 to 40.40 mg/100g and 82.33±0.15 to 48.66±0.33 mg/100g between the 2nd and 12th post-harvest days. Valin and tryptophan contents increased respectively from 33.00 to 42.33 mg/100g and 8.33 to 16 mg/100g from the 2nd to 8th day unlike leucin and methionine which decreased during the 12 days of ripening. This study showed that pulp of Kent mango of Côte d’Ivoire has interesting polyphenols, vitamins and amino acids profiles during the 6th and 8th post-harvest day. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a similar study has been carried out on the evolution of polyphenols, vitamins and amino acids content in Kent mango pulp during it post-harvest ripening.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89568336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.3.670
Henry Buregyeya, Naboth Oyesigye, Doreen Amumpaire, Priver B. Namanya, Kephas Nowakunda, Wilberforce K. Tushemereirwe, Eldad Karamura, Patrick Rubaihayo
Sukali Ndizi is one of the most popular local desert banana cultivars in Uganda. The crop is affected by a number of diseases and pests. Genetic improvement of the crop by hybridization may be hindered by very low seed set and poor seed germination. The main characteristics for assessing the female reproductive potential (seed set, seed quality and embryo germination of hybrid seeds) and 3x by 2x breeding approach were assessed in crosses of eleven different male diploid parents either wild or improved diploids with Sukali Ndizi landrace as the female parent for a period of 5 consecutive years planted in pollination blocks at National Agricultural Research Laboratories Kawanda (NARL). The month of pollination did not show any pattern throughout the pollination period but the crosses showed considerable variability in seed set, seed quality, and seed germination for different male diploids used. The water gravity test which differentiated the extracted seeds as sunken/viable and floating/nonviable seeds showed that a substantial amount of seed was floating and the sunken externally characterized by black hard integuments was only 39% with a range = 24%–60% which contained embryos, of which 22% (range = 0–37%) germinated. The increase in non-viable seed suggested that ovule abortion in Sukali Ndizi which mainly involved embryo and endosperm abortions was the cause of limited seed germination and the paternity of the zygotes was a major factor underlying abortions. Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content was used to estimate ploidy levels of the progenies with results showing that using 3x by 2x breeding approach differing levels of ploidy were achieved [3x (288), 4x (61), 5x (14) and 2x (2)] signifying the predominance of 3x progenies and the presence of 5x and 4x conforming to the possibility of sexual polyploids. Although pollination of Sukali Ndizi can be done all around the year, the seed set both quantity and quality and germination were very poor, necessitating the development of an efficient regeneration protocol for zygotic embryos at varying maturity stages to increase the recovery of hybrids.
Sukali Ndizi是乌干达最受欢迎的沙漠香蕉品种之一。这种作物受到许多病虫害的影响。结实率低和种子发芽率差可能阻碍作物杂交的遗传改良。以11个不同雄性二倍体野生或改良二倍体为亲本，在Kawanda (NARL)国家农业研究实验室(National Agricultural Research Laboratories, NARL)连续5年的授粉区种植为试验材料，对评价雌性生殖潜能的主要特征(结实率、种子质量和杂交种子的萌发率)和3x by 2x育种方法进行了评价。授粉月份在整个授粉过程中没有表现出任何模式，但不同雄性二倍体杂交在结实率、种子质量和种子萌发方面表现出相当大的差异。水重力试验将提取的种子分为沉/活和浮/不活两种，结果表明，大量种子是浮的，外沉的种子以黑色硬被为特征，只有39%的种子是浮的，其中含胚的占24% ~ 60%，萌发的占22%(0 ~ 37%)。无活种子数量的增加表明，种子萌发受限的主要原因是胚珠流产，主要包括胚胎和胚乳流产，而合子的父系性是导致种子流产的主要因素。利用流式细胞术分析核DNA含量估计后代的倍性水平，结果表明，采用3x × 2x育种方法可获得不同程度的倍性[3x (288)， 4x (61)， 5x(14)和2x(2)]，表明3x后代的优势，5x和4x的存在符合性多倍体的可能性。虽然Sukali Ndizi一年四季都可以授粉，但其种子数量、质量和发芽率都很差，因此需要在不同的成熟阶段制定有效的合子胚胎再生方案，以提高杂交后代的回收率。
{"title":"Female Reproductive Potential and 3x by 2x Breeding Approach for Hybrid Seeds Development in Sukali Ndizi Genotype (Musa genome AAB)","authors":"Henry Buregyeya, Naboth Oyesigye, Doreen Amumpaire, Priver B. Namanya, Kephas Nowakunda, Wilberforce K. Tushemereirwe, Eldad Karamura, Patrick Rubaihayo","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.3.670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.3.670","url":null,"abstract":"Sukali Ndizi is one of the most popular local desert banana cultivars in Uganda. The crop is affected by a number of diseases and pests. Genetic improvement of the crop by hybridization may be hindered by very low seed set and poor seed germination. The main characteristics for assessing the female reproductive potential (seed set, seed quality and embryo germination of hybrid seeds) and 3x by 2x breeding approach were assessed in crosses of eleven different male diploid parents either wild or improved diploids with Sukali Ndizi landrace as the female parent for a period of 5 consecutive years planted in pollination blocks at National Agricultural Research Laboratories Kawanda (NARL). The month of pollination did not show any pattern throughout the pollination period but the crosses showed considerable variability in seed set, seed quality, and seed germination for different male diploids used. The water gravity test which differentiated the extracted seeds as sunken/viable and floating/nonviable seeds showed that a substantial amount of seed was floating and the sunken externally characterized by black hard integuments was only 39% with a range = 24%–60% which contained embryos, of which 22% (range = 0–37%) germinated. The increase in non-viable seed suggested that ovule abortion in Sukali Ndizi which mainly involved embryo and endosperm abortions was the cause of limited seed germination and the paternity of the zygotes was a major factor underlying abortions. Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content was used to estimate ploidy levels of the progenies with results showing that using 3x by 2x breeding approach differing levels of ploidy were achieved [3x (288), 4x (61), 5x (14) and 2x (2)] signifying the predominance of 3x progenies and the presence of 5x and 4x conforming to the possibility of sexual polyploids. Although pollination of Sukali Ndizi can be done all around the year, the seed set both quantity and quality and germination were very poor, necessitating the development of an efficient regeneration protocol for zygotic embryos at varying maturity stages to increase the recovery of hybrids.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135140449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.3.671
Juliet Atinuke Yisau, Stephen Tobi Fadebi, Oluseyi Opeyemi Ojekunle, Kaseem Dele Salami
Size is one of seed quality that determines the rate of seed germination while seed source presents the best genetic materials carried by the mother tree and transferable to the offspring. This study investigated the effects of seed size and seed source on germination percentage of Anacardium occidentale. 81 viable seeds of different seed sizes (large, medium, and small) collected from mother trees at three different sources (Funaab, Camp and Obantoko) in Abeokuta, Ogun State were sown in polythene pots. Seeds of the same size were sown at the rate of 3 seeds per pot with 3 replicates for each of the sizes sown. The experiment was laid out in 3 x 3 factorial in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Daily record of new sprouts was taken, and the germination percentage was calculated, collected data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in SAS. Germination percentage (98%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Small sized seeds which was not different from medium sizes seed (92.67%) while seeds sourced from Camp had the highest germination (98%) at (P<0.05). Highly significant interactions (p<0.05) were recorded between seed size and seed source. The smaller the size of Anarcadium occendalis seeds the higher the germination within different sources of collection.
{"title":"Effect of Seed Size and Source Variation on Germination Potentials of Anacardium occidentale (Linnaeus) Seeds","authors":"Juliet Atinuke Yisau, Stephen Tobi Fadebi, Oluseyi Opeyemi Ojekunle, Kaseem Dele Salami","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.3.671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.3.671","url":null,"abstract":"Size is one of seed quality that determines the rate of seed germination while seed source presents the best genetic materials carried by the mother tree and transferable to the offspring. This study investigated the effects of seed size and seed source on germination percentage of Anacardium occidentale. 81 viable seeds of different seed sizes (large, medium, and small) collected from mother trees at three different sources (Funaab, Camp and Obantoko) in Abeokuta, Ogun State were sown in polythene pots. Seeds of the same size were sown at the rate of 3 seeds per pot with 3 replicates for each of the sizes sown. The experiment was laid out in 3 x 3 factorial in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Daily record of new sprouts was taken, and the germination percentage was calculated, collected data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in SAS. Germination percentage (98%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Small sized seeds which was not different from medium sizes seed (92.67%) while seeds sourced from Camp had the highest germination (98%) at (P<0.05). Highly significant interactions (p<0.05) were recorded between seed size and seed source. The smaller the size of Anarcadium occendalis seeds the higher the germination within different sources of collection.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135623601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.3.672
Cahit Gungor
In this study, sectoral energy consumption and the share of sectors in total energy consumption in Turkey between the years 2017-2021 were examined. While the amount of energy consumed in the agricultural sector in Turkey was 4227 thousand TOE in 2017, it reached 5029 thousand TOE in 2021. The increase in energy consumption in agriculture occurred irregularly in the 5-year period specified. While the increase in energy consumption in agriculture was 8.37% in 2018 compared to the previous year, it was 2.85% in 2019 and 3.03% in 2021. In Turkey, the increase in energy consumption in agriculture in the period between 2017 and 2021 was calculated as 4.98%. In the specified period, the share of the industrial sector in total energy consumption was 32.30% on average, while the share of the agricultural sector was 4.16%.
{"title":"Energy Consumption in Agricultural of Turkey","authors":"Cahit Gungor","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.3.672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.3.672","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, sectoral energy consumption and the share of sectors in total energy consumption in Turkey between the years 2017-2021 were examined. While the amount of energy consumed in the agricultural sector in Turkey was 4227 thousand TOE in 2017, it reached 5029 thousand TOE in 2021. The increase in energy consumption in agriculture occurred irregularly in the 5-year period specified. While the increase in energy consumption in agriculture was 8.37% in 2018 compared to the previous year, it was 2.85% in 2019 and 3.03% in 2021. In Turkey, the increase in energy consumption in agriculture in the period between 2017 and 2021 was calculated as 4.98%. In the specified period, the share of the industrial sector in total energy consumption was 32.30% on average, while the share of the agricultural sector was 4.16%.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135623602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.2.648
H. Gubali, Zulzain Ilahude, M. I. Bahua, Mohamad Lihawa, N. Musa, F. Zakaria
Biological fertilizers are a group of living organisms whose activities can improve soil fertility, fertilizers that contain microbes and are useful for helping plant growth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth and production of rice plants against the application of biological fertilizers. There are 7 bacterial isolates used as biofertilizers, namely, Bacillus sp., two Pseudomonas sp. strains, two Azospirillum sp. strains, and two Azotobacter sp. strains. This study used an experimental design method through a one-factor randomized block design. The treatment in the study consisted of no fertilization, compost, 100% NPK, 7 isolates enriched compost, 7 isolates enriched compost+50% NPK, 4 isolates enriched compost, and 4 isolates enriched compost+50% NPK. The results showed that compost enriched with biological fertilizers could increase the nutrient content of the soil, thereby increasing the growth and production of rice plants. Treatment of compost enriched with 7 isolates+50% NPK gave the highest yield, both for rice plants. The use of biological fertilizers can reduce the dose of inorganic fertilizer use by up to 50% in rice cultivation.
{"title":"Impact of Biological Fertilizers Based on Essential Bacterial Stimulants on Rice Growth and Production","authors":"H. Gubali, Zulzain Ilahude, M. I. Bahua, Mohamad Lihawa, N. Musa, F. Zakaria","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.2.648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.2.648","url":null,"abstract":"Biological fertilizers are a group of living organisms whose activities can improve soil fertility, fertilizers that contain microbes and are useful for helping plant growth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth and production of rice plants against the application of biological fertilizers. There are 7 bacterial isolates used as biofertilizers, namely, Bacillus sp., two Pseudomonas sp. strains, two Azospirillum sp. strains, and two Azotobacter sp. strains. This study used an experimental design method through a one-factor randomized block design. The treatment in the study consisted of no fertilization, compost, 100% NPK, 7 isolates enriched compost, 7 isolates enriched compost+50% NPK, 4 isolates enriched compost, and 4 isolates enriched compost+50% NPK. The results showed that compost enriched with biological fertilizers could increase the nutrient content of the soil, thereby increasing the growth and production of rice plants. Treatment of compost enriched with 7 isolates+50% NPK gave the highest yield, both for rice plants. The use of biological fertilizers can reduce the dose of inorganic fertilizer use by up to 50% in rice cultivation.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88797262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.2.634
P. Dawson, J. Richardson
The 7-day storage effects on the quality of chicken breast meat and sirloin beef were evaluated at -2°C, -5°C and -18°C. Drip loss increased, and a sensory score showed lower quality as storage time increased. Storage at -2°C resulted in less drip loss and superior sensory scores for both chicken and sirloin beef compared to meat stored at -5°C and -18°C. The -2°C stored beef also retained redness better than beef stored at the two lower temperatures. Cooking loss for meat cooked in a traditional oven, simmered, or cooked in a convection oven was significantly lower for chicken and beef previously stored at -2°C compared to the meat stored at 5°C or -18°C. The total aerobic bacteria growth did not exceed 1 log/g for beef or 2 log/g for chicken during the 7-day storage period when held at any of the storage temperatures. Thus, short term storage at -2°C was superior to lower frozen temperatures to retain quality without risk of microbiological spoilage.
{"title":"Storage Temperature Effects on the Quality of Chicken Breast and Beef Sirloin","authors":"P. Dawson, J. Richardson","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.2.634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.2.634","url":null,"abstract":"The 7-day storage effects on the quality of chicken breast meat and sirloin beef were evaluated at -2°C, -5°C and -18°C. Drip loss increased, and a sensory score showed lower quality as storage time increased. Storage at -2°C resulted in less drip loss and superior sensory scores for both chicken and sirloin beef compared to meat stored at -5°C and -18°C. The -2°C stored beef also retained redness better than beef stored at the two lower temperatures. Cooking loss for meat cooked in a traditional oven, simmered, or cooked in a convection oven was significantly lower for chicken and beef previously stored at -2°C compared to the meat stored at 5°C or -18°C. The total aerobic bacteria growth did not exceed 1 log/g for beef or 2 log/g for chicken during the 7-day storage period when held at any of the storage temperatures. Thus, short term storage at -2°C was superior to lower frozen temperatures to retain quality without risk of microbiological spoilage.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73431007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.2.653
Md. Anwar Hossain Mondal, M. Sikdar, Md. Rased Khan Menon, Newton Saha, Prosun Roy
Carp aquaculture is very popular in both seasonal and permanent ponds. Carp seeds are available for stocking in culture in late May and the ideal water temperature for carp gonad development is 28°C–32°C. The aim of this study was to develop the species’ broods in winter season by raising water temperature, utilizing the greenhouse concept. Two identical ponds, T1 (Greenhouse Pond, GHP) and T2 (Non-greenhouse pond, NGHP) each with three replications were used. Transparent polyethylene-sheet to a bamboo frame covered the T1, whereas no covering for T2. On December 1, 2020, 20 broods/pond stocked equally in the two ponds and reared until February 28, 2021. The mean water temperature of T1 was 28.67±0.49, 28.67±0.78, and 28.83±0.39°C in December, January, and February, respectively compared with T2 found to be 18.25±0.62, 18.58±0.52, and 18.92±0.51°C in December, January, and February, respectively. The average water temperature was 28.75°C and 18.58°C in T1 and T2, respectively. The statistical t-test revealed that the temperature in T1 notably increased in the winter than T2. About 90% of the broods matured within February in T1 while only 15% in T2. The growth of fish gonad was benefited from the usage of greenhouse technology in this study.
{"title":"Early Brood Development of Carp Fishes Utilizing Greenhouse Technology in Winter Seasons","authors":"Md. Anwar Hossain Mondal, M. Sikdar, Md. Rased Khan Menon, Newton Saha, Prosun Roy","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.2.653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.2.653","url":null,"abstract":"Carp aquaculture is very popular in both seasonal and permanent ponds. Carp seeds are available for stocking in culture in late May and the ideal water temperature for carp gonad development is 28°C–32°C. The aim of this study was to develop the species’ broods in winter season by raising water temperature, utilizing the greenhouse concept. Two identical ponds, T1 (Greenhouse Pond, GHP) and T2 (Non-greenhouse pond, NGHP) each with three replications were used. Transparent polyethylene-sheet to a bamboo frame covered the T1, whereas no covering for T2. On December 1, 2020, 20 broods/pond stocked equally in the two ponds and reared until February 28, 2021. The mean water temperature of T1 was 28.67±0.49, 28.67±0.78, and 28.83±0.39°C in December, January, and February, respectively compared with T2 found to be 18.25±0.62, 18.58±0.52, and 18.92±0.51°C in December, January, and February, respectively. The average water temperature was 28.75°C and 18.58°C in T1 and T2, respectively. The statistical t-test revealed that the temperature in T1 notably increased in the winter than T2. About 90% of the broods matured within February in T1 while only 15% in T2. The growth of fish gonad was benefited from the usage of greenhouse technology in this study.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77911830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-26DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.2.544
Festus M. Mutiso, J. M. Kimiti, A. Muchugi, J. Kimatu
Nowadays, attention is being paid to exploration of possibilities of exploiting new and under-utilized plant resources with the aim of meeting the growing societal needs. Calotropis procera is one among the many under-utilized species despite its many economic and ecological uses. This study was done to characterize the phenology of the species and determine its potential for domestication for wool production. Phenological data was used to generate charts that depicted the flowering and fruiting phenophases for three provenances for four seasons. The data was subjected to Test of Homogeneity of Variances to isolate significant differences in study parameters. Spearman rank pair-wise correlations between wet seasons and flowering were done. Flowering intensity in different months of the year was significantly different (p<0.05) with clear-cut flowering phenophases. Flowering and fruiting durations and active phases were significantly longer and high (p<0.001) during the wet seasons and spearman rank correlations between wet seasons and flowering ranged from 0.89 to 0.96 and were highly significant (rs, pair-wise correlations, p<0.0001). A very low flower to fruit ratio was recorded. The study concluded that C. procera can do well as a plantation crop and has a high potential for production of wool. The strongest impediment to flowering and fruiting was periodic attack by Aphis nerii. It is recommended that propagation seeds for C. procera should be sourced from the local provenances to reduce the effects of seed source transfer distance.
{"title":"The Phenological Characterization of Calotropis procera (Ait) and its Potential for Domestication for Wool Production in Drylands","authors":"Festus M. Mutiso, J. M. Kimiti, A. Muchugi, J. Kimatu","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.2.544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.2.544","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, attention is being paid to exploration of possibilities of exploiting new and under-utilized plant resources with the aim of meeting the growing societal needs. Calotropis procera is one among the many under-utilized species despite its many economic and ecological uses. This study was done to characterize the phenology of the species and determine its potential for domestication for wool production. Phenological data was used to generate charts that depicted the flowering and fruiting phenophases for three provenances for four seasons. The data was subjected to Test of Homogeneity of Variances to isolate significant differences in study parameters. Spearman rank pair-wise correlations between wet seasons and flowering were done. Flowering intensity in different months of the year was significantly different (p<0.05) with clear-cut flowering phenophases. Flowering and fruiting durations and active phases were significantly longer and high (p<0.001) during the wet seasons and spearman rank correlations between wet seasons and flowering ranged from 0.89 to 0.96 and were highly significant (rs, pair-wise correlations, p<0.0001). A very low flower to fruit ratio was recorded. The study concluded that C. procera can do well as a plantation crop and has a high potential for production of wool. The strongest impediment to flowering and fruiting was periodic attack by Aphis nerii. It is recommended that propagation seeds for C. procera should be sourced from the local provenances to reduce the effects of seed source transfer distance.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76917722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-26DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.2.668
Rafatul Zannat, Md Mostafizar Rahman, Sharmin Akter, M. Rana, M. Oliver, M. A. Ali, Md Moniruzzaman, M. Uddin, K. Saha
Okra is a well-known and economically important vegetable grown in Bangladesh for consumption and seed production. The yield of okra is low compared to developed countries that can be increased using irrigation water efficiently. Traditional irrigation methods are used for okra cultivation in the developing countries, resulting in significant water loss. One of the options that appears to be promising for reducing this water loss is drip irrigation since it applies water directly to the plant’s root zone. However, farmers frequently complain about manual inspection and water wastage from the overhead tanks in small-scale microirrigation systems. An automated microirrigation system can help to solve this problem. This approach was developed at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University to evaluate the performance of okra in terms of plant growth, seasonal water usage, and yield factors. For a better understanding of specialist crop irrigation management, the effectiveness of water utilization was also investigated. The experimental field was set up in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) from March to May 2021, with three different treatments such as T1 (Conventional irrigation), T2 (Drip irrigation) and T3 (Timer drip irrigation), for comparing the treatments with four replications. To construct an automated microirrigation system, a pump controller with sensing probes to regulate the water level in the irrigation tank and irrigation timers for watering the okra field depending on scheduling were used. According to the data, only the length of the pod varied significantly, whereas the other factors were non-significant. The yield components, such as the weight of pod per plant and yield, did not varied significantly among the treatments. The highest (12.95 kg/m3) and the lowest (10.47 kg/m3) water use efficiency were obtained in T3 (Timer drip irrigation) and T1 (Conventional irrigation) respectively. The study reveals that automated microirrigation technology can save 11% more irrigation water than conventional irrigation.
{"title":"Development of Automated Water Delivery System for Microirrigation in Bangladesh for Okra Cultivation","authors":"Rafatul Zannat, Md Mostafizar Rahman, Sharmin Akter, M. Rana, M. Oliver, M. A. Ali, Md Moniruzzaman, M. Uddin, K. Saha","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.2.668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.2.668","url":null,"abstract":"Okra is a well-known and economically important vegetable grown in Bangladesh for consumption and seed production. The yield of okra is low compared to developed countries that can be increased using irrigation water efficiently. Traditional irrigation methods are used for okra cultivation in the developing countries, resulting in significant water loss. One of the options that appears to be promising for reducing this water loss is drip irrigation since it applies water directly to the plant’s root zone. However, farmers frequently complain about manual inspection and water wastage from the overhead tanks in small-scale microirrigation systems. An automated microirrigation system can help to solve this problem. This approach was developed at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University to evaluate the performance of okra in terms of plant growth, seasonal water usage, and yield factors. For a better understanding of specialist crop irrigation management, the effectiveness of water utilization was also investigated. The experimental field was set up in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) from March to May 2021, with three different treatments such as T1 (Conventional irrigation), T2 (Drip irrigation) and T3 (Timer drip irrigation), for comparing the treatments with four replications. To construct an automated microirrigation system, a pump controller with sensing probes to regulate the water level in the irrigation tank and irrigation timers for watering the okra field depending on scheduling were used. According to the data, only the length of the pod varied significantly, whereas the other factors were non-significant. The yield components, such as the weight of pod per plant and yield, did not varied significantly among the treatments. The highest (12.95 kg/m3) and the lowest (10.47 kg/m3) water use efficiency were obtained in T3 (Timer drip irrigation) and T1 (Conventional irrigation) respectively. The study reveals that automated microirrigation technology can save 11% more irrigation water than conventional irrigation.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86861846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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