Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.26480/ecr.01.2019.01.05
N. M. Ismail, A. Ismail, A. Mustafa, A. K. Zulhairun, F. Aziz, N. Bolong, A. Razali
{"title":"POLYMER CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES FOR GAS SEPARATION: A REVIEW","authors":"N. M. Ismail, A. Ismail, A. Mustafa, A. K. Zulhairun, F. Aziz, N. Bolong, A. Razali","doi":"10.26480/ecr.01.2019.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/ecr.01.2019.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11882,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS REVIEWS","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84985538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Waste management has been a worldwide issue which most countries are finding the best ways of dealing with. Managing waste improperly poses threat to the health of individuals and the environment. Somalia as a developing country, its communities has been facing with a lot of challenges regarding waste management due to actions towards waste management. Objectives: To examine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of communities on waste management and how their actions have affected their health as well as their environments. Methodology: The study area comprises Karan district Mogadishu-Somalia. Self-administered random sampling method has been used for structured questionnaire and interview (N=150). SPSS V.16 has been used for data analysis. Results: The majority of the respondents 58(38.7%) were said sharps/and needles, while 41(27.3%) were said plastic waste, 31(20.7) were human excreta residues only 20 (13.3%) said none of them. The majority of the respondents 101(67.3%) heard the risks associated with waste while 49(32.7) of the respondents don’t heard risks associated with waste. The majority of the respondents 47(31.3%) were said breading of vector, while 29(19.3%) were said skin disease, 19(12.7%) were said respiratory disease while 55(36.7%) were pollution of soil, air and water sources. Besides, the attitude of the respondents, among the respondents 28(18.7%) were strongly agree that they care about waste management (reduce, reuse, and recycle), 91(60.7%) were agree, 14(9.3%) were not sure, 13(8.7%) were disagree while 4(2.7%) were strongly disagree. Moreover, most of the respondents indicates that 75(50.0%) girls are the persons that deals with the wastes, while 63(42.0%) said mothers are responsible, while only 3(2.0%) said boys and 9(6.0%) said father. Conclusion: The findings revealed that Karan district community have good level of knowledge as well as have positive attitude but their practice towards solid waste management was poor.
{"title":"STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES TOWARDS THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN KARAN DISTRICT, MOGADISHU SOMALIA","authors":"Abdikadir Omar, Md. Sahadat Hossain, Mst. Mahmuda Parvin","doi":"10.26480/ECR.02.2018.22.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/ECR.02.2018.22.26","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Waste management has been a worldwide issue which most countries are finding the best ways of dealing with. Managing waste improperly poses threat to the health of individuals and the environment. Somalia as a developing country, its communities has been facing with a lot of challenges regarding waste management due to actions towards waste management. Objectives: To examine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of communities on waste management and how their actions have affected their health as well as their environments. Methodology: The study area comprises Karan district Mogadishu-Somalia. Self-administered random sampling method has been used for structured questionnaire and interview (N=150). SPSS V.16 has been used for data analysis. Results: The majority of the respondents 58(38.7%) were said sharps/and needles, while 41(27.3%) were said plastic waste, 31(20.7) were human excreta residues only 20 (13.3%) said none of them. The majority of the respondents 101(67.3%) heard the risks associated with waste while 49(32.7) of the respondents don’t heard risks associated with waste. The majority of the respondents 47(31.3%) were said breading of vector, while 29(19.3%) were said skin disease, 19(12.7%) were said respiratory disease while 55(36.7%) were pollution of soil, air and water sources. Besides, the attitude of the respondents, among the respondents 28(18.7%) were strongly agree that they care about waste management (reduce, reuse, and recycle), 91(60.7%) were agree, 14(9.3%) were not sure, 13(8.7%) were disagree while 4(2.7%) were strongly disagree. Moreover, most of the respondents indicates that 75(50.0%) girls are the persons that deals with the wastes, while 63(42.0%) said mothers are responsible, while only 3(2.0%) said boys and 9(6.0%) said father. Conclusion: The findings revealed that Karan district community have good level of knowledge as well as have positive attitude but their practice towards solid waste management was poor.","PeriodicalId":11882,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS REVIEWS","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89911377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-11DOI: 10.26480/ECR.02.2018.13.21
Shoaib Ahmed Hab, F. Talpur, J. Baig, H. I. Afridi, M. A. Surhio, M. Talpur
{"title":"LEACHING AND EXPOSURE OF PHTHALATES FROM MEDICAL DEVICES; HEALTH IMPACTS AND REGULATIONS","authors":"Shoaib Ahmed Hab, F. Talpur, J. Baig, H. I. Afridi, M. A. Surhio, M. Talpur","doi":"10.26480/ECR.02.2018.13.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/ECR.02.2018.13.21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11882,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS REVIEWS","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83075928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.26480/ECR.02.2018.09.12
Sofia Laraib, Sana Zulfiqar, Noshabah Tabassum, S. Mukhtar
Radioactive materials are characterized by continuous emission of radiations that cannot be controlled by chemical methods. The high energy radiations pose threat to both environment and life forms. Nevertheless, they are also used in number of anthropogenic activities. Radioactive and nuclear advancements are the signs of industrial development, but simultaneously proper handling and management of radioactive waste is a paramount problem in developing countries like Pakistan. This article will explain Pakistan’s current status for the safe management of radioactive waste, its limitations and what will be the possible alternatives to these problems. It also highlights various waste management and disposal strategies opted in Pakistan. Strategic division plan (SDP), PNRA, PAEC are the supreme bodies dealing with the facilities and licensing of radioactive waste.
{"title":"CURRENT PRACTICES AND EFFICACY OF IMPROVEMENTS IN RADIOACTIVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF PAKISTAN – A REVIEW","authors":"Sofia Laraib, Sana Zulfiqar, Noshabah Tabassum, S. Mukhtar","doi":"10.26480/ECR.02.2018.09.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/ECR.02.2018.09.12","url":null,"abstract":"Radioactive materials are characterized by continuous emission of radiations that cannot be controlled by chemical methods. The high energy radiations pose threat to both environment and life forms. Nevertheless, they are also used in number of anthropogenic activities. Radioactive and nuclear advancements are the signs of industrial development, but simultaneously proper handling and management of radioactive waste is a paramount problem in developing countries like Pakistan. This article will explain Pakistan’s current status for the safe management of radioactive waste, its limitations and what will be the possible alternatives to these problems. It also highlights various waste management and disposal strategies opted in Pakistan. Strategic division plan (SDP), PNRA, PAEC are the supreme bodies dealing with the facilities and licensing of radioactive waste.","PeriodicalId":11882,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS REVIEWS","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76168626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.26480/ECR.02.2018.04.08
Humaira Gul, S. Nasreen
{"title":"HEAVY METAL UPTAKE FROM CONTAMINATED WATER USING CARBON NANOTUBES: A REVIEW","authors":"Humaira Gul, S. Nasreen","doi":"10.26480/ECR.02.2018.04.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/ECR.02.2018.04.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11882,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS REVIEWS","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89031855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.26480/ecr.01.2018.24.29
U. Akmal, S. Shahzadi, Zahra Masood, Sana Zulfiqar, Noshabah Tabassum
Climate change now-a-days is considered as the major threat throughout the world. The average global temperature over the past 100 years has raised up to 0.3-0.6oC and global warming is the major cause of increasing temperature. Pakistan contributes to almost 0.05% in Green House Gases (GHG) emissions and consider as 7th most vulnerable country to climate change. The present article will focus on renewable energy resources to mitigate CO2 emission in Pakistan and to secure glaciers from melting. Review’s finding showed that the extraction of water for irrigation purpose requires 6 billion kWh of electricity which contributes to 3.8 million metric tons of CO2 each year. Water productivity up to 40% can be enhanced by improved irrigation methods. Wind energy, biomass energy, fluidized coal combustion and integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) play a very important role in reduction of CO2 which in result reduce the effect of global warming and Climate Change.
{"title":"CLIMATE CHANGE: INTIMIDATING REMARK TO GLACIERS AND ITS EXTENUATION STRATEGIES IN PAKISTAN-A REVIEW","authors":"U. Akmal, S. Shahzadi, Zahra Masood, Sana Zulfiqar, Noshabah Tabassum","doi":"10.26480/ecr.01.2018.24.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/ecr.01.2018.24.29","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change now-a-days is considered as the major threat throughout the world. The average global temperature over the past 100 years has raised up to 0.3-0.6oC and global warming is the major cause of increasing temperature. Pakistan contributes to almost 0.05% in Green House Gases (GHG) emissions and consider as 7th most vulnerable country to climate change. The present article will focus on renewable energy resources to mitigate CO2 emission in Pakistan and to secure glaciers from melting. Review’s finding showed that the extraction of water for irrigation purpose requires 6 billion kWh of electricity which contributes to 3.8 million metric tons of CO2 each year. Water productivity up to 40% can be enhanced by improved irrigation methods. Wind energy, biomass energy, fluidized coal combustion and integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) play a very important role in reduction of CO2 which in result reduce the effect of global warming and Climate Change.","PeriodicalId":11882,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS REVIEWS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88854753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.26480/ECR.02.2018.01.03
Mozina Afzal, Kaniz Fatima, Palwasha Khalid, Ejaz- ul-Haq, Azhar Abbas, Samiullah K. Durrani, Ahthasham Sajid, Muhammad Zaheern
IoT (Internet of Things) has suppressed technology to utmost level by sensing a situation through sensors and reacting to that situation via actuators without human intervention. The term coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999 but the actual development started taking place a few years back. It is predicted that by 2020 billion of devices will be connected with each other seeming truer by now. Urban regions are growing steadily and urban living stances genuine challenges in our ordinary lives. Beginning at 2007, half of the aggregate people were living in urban networks rather than nation ranges. The United Nations Population Fund gauges that by 2030 around 60% of the aggregate people will live in an urban area. In this particular situation, Information and Correspondence Technologies (ICT) together with adjacent governments and exclusive organizations accept a key part to execute creative courses of action, organizations and applications to make astute urban territories a reality. In this conmessage, the Internet of Things (IoT) perspective is expecting a basic part as an engaging specialist of a wide extent of usage, both for ventures and the comprehensive network. The growing pervasiveness of the IoT thought is moreover a direct result of the ceaselessly creating number of skilled gadgets like cell phones, tablets, portable PCs and brings down fit gadgets like sensors that can join the Internet.
{"title":"INTERNET OF THINGS ITS ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES","authors":"Mozina Afzal, Kaniz Fatima, Palwasha Khalid, Ejaz- ul-Haq, Azhar Abbas, Samiullah K. Durrani, Ahthasham Sajid, Muhammad Zaheern","doi":"10.26480/ECR.02.2018.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/ECR.02.2018.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"IoT (Internet of Things) has suppressed technology to utmost level by sensing a situation through sensors and reacting to that situation via actuators without human intervention. The term coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999 but the actual development started taking place a few years back. It is predicted that by 2020 billion of devices will be connected with each other seeming truer by now. Urban regions are growing steadily and urban living stances genuine challenges in our ordinary lives. Beginning at 2007, half of the aggregate people were living in urban networks rather than nation ranges. The United Nations Population Fund gauges that by 2030 around 60% of the aggregate people will live in an urban area. In this particular situation, Information and Correspondence Technologies (ICT) together with adjacent governments and exclusive organizations accept a key part to execute creative courses of action, organizations and applications to make astute urban territories a reality. In this conmessage, the Internet of Things (IoT) perspective is expecting a basic part as an engaging specialist of a wide extent of usage, both for ventures and the comprehensive network. The growing pervasiveness of the IoT thought is moreover a direct result of the ceaselessly creating number of skilled gadgets like cell phones, tablets, portable PCs and brings down fit gadgets like sensors that can join the Internet.","PeriodicalId":11882,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS REVIEWS","volume":"42 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91419503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.26480/ECR.01.2018.01.12
Mesmire Wilson, M. Ashraf
Contaminants of emerging concern such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, bacteria, viruses, and pesticides are frequently found in waste water, groundwater, and surface waters. The search to find the sources of these compounds has routinely led to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as an entry point of contaminants into the natural environment. The unknown effects of low concentrations of emerging contaminants in the aquatic ecosystem require scientists to study the occurrence, sources, fate, and transport of these compounds in wastewater treatment, to better understand and possibly identify mitigation opportunities. Reducing the contaminant levels in WWTP effluent helps minimize the contamination in lakes and rivers, which are both WWTP receiving waters as well as drinking water sources. Emerging contaminants end up in wastewater through several pathways including the disposal and use of consumer products, farm runoff, toxic spills, and excretion via the urine and feces of those consuming pharmaceuticals. The human body only metabolizes a percentage of each drug taken, expelling the rest into the municipal wastewater system. Another source is from consumer products such as soap, shampoo, disinfectant washes, and toothpaste which contain biologically active compounds that, when used, release these contaminants into the sewer system where they are then transported to a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Municipal wastewater treatment plants are not specifically designed to deal with the trace levels of emerging contaminates found in wastewater and many compounds pass through conventional treatment systems without removal. From the WWTP effluent, emerging contaminants are discharged into surface waters where they may have measurable effects on aquatic life at low concentrations. Once in surface waters, pharmaceuticals have been shown to interrupt the natural biochemistry of many aquatic organisms including fish and algae. Many of the problems associated with the removal of emerging contaminants from municipal wastewater stem from their low concentrations and chemical diversity, which make detection and analysis difficult. Low concentrations require extremely sensitive analytical equipment while the wide range of distinct chemical compounds necessitates techniques to identify many chemicals at once. Only recently have scientists become aware of the presence of some emerging contaminants in wastewater because analytical techniques able to detect them at the ng/l have only recently been developed. As laboratory procedures are developed and emerging contaminants can be accurately quantified, scientists are becoming increasingly able investigate the sources, removal pathways, and fate of pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewater. In addition to emerging contaminants, the potential entrance of prions into the wastewater system and their fate in wastewater treatment is an area of concern and a topic of interest in this study. A sampling program wi
{"title":"STUDY OF FATE AND TRANSPORT OF EMERGENT CONTAMINANTS AT WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT","authors":"Mesmire Wilson, M. Ashraf","doi":"10.26480/ECR.01.2018.01.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/ECR.01.2018.01.12","url":null,"abstract":"Contaminants of emerging concern such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, bacteria, viruses, and pesticides are frequently found in waste water, groundwater, and surface waters. The search to find the sources of these compounds has routinely led to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as an entry point of contaminants into the natural environment. The unknown effects of low concentrations of emerging contaminants in the aquatic ecosystem require scientists to study the occurrence, sources, fate, and transport of these compounds in wastewater treatment, to better understand and possibly identify mitigation opportunities. Reducing the contaminant levels in WWTP effluent helps minimize the contamination in lakes and rivers, which are both WWTP receiving waters as well as drinking water sources. Emerging contaminants end up in wastewater through several pathways including the disposal and use of consumer products, farm runoff, toxic spills, and excretion via the urine and feces of those consuming pharmaceuticals. The human body only metabolizes a percentage of each drug taken, expelling the rest into the municipal wastewater system. Another source is from consumer products such as soap, shampoo, disinfectant washes, and toothpaste which contain biologically active compounds that, when used, release these contaminants into the sewer system where they are then transported to a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Municipal wastewater treatment plants are not specifically designed to deal with the trace levels of emerging contaminates found in wastewater and many compounds pass through conventional treatment systems without removal. From the WWTP effluent, emerging contaminants are discharged into surface waters where they may have measurable effects on aquatic life at low concentrations. Once in surface waters, pharmaceuticals have been shown to interrupt the natural biochemistry of many aquatic organisms including fish and algae. Many of the problems associated with the removal of emerging contaminants from municipal wastewater stem from their low concentrations and chemical diversity, which make detection and analysis difficult. Low concentrations require extremely sensitive analytical equipment while the wide range of distinct chemical compounds necessitates techniques to identify many chemicals at once. Only recently have scientists become aware of the presence of some emerging contaminants in wastewater because analytical techniques able to detect them at the ng/l have only recently been developed. As laboratory procedures are developed and emerging contaminants can be accurately quantified, scientists are becoming increasingly able investigate the sources, removal pathways, and fate of pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewater. In addition to emerging contaminants, the potential entrance of prions into the wastewater system and their fate in wastewater treatment is an area of concern and a topic of interest in this study. A sampling program wi","PeriodicalId":11882,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS REVIEWS","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73802186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.26480/ecr.01.2018.30.35
H. Rashid, Ch. Arslan, Shahbaz Khan
{"title":"WASTEWATER IRRIGATION, ITS IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT IN PERI URBAN AREAS OF PUNJAB PAKISTAN – A REVIEW","authors":"H. Rashid, Ch. Arslan, Shahbaz Khan","doi":"10.26480/ecr.01.2018.30.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/ecr.01.2018.30.35","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11882,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS REVIEWS","volume":"304 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86445426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.26480/ECR.01.2018.18.23
S. Mukhtar, Hamna Khan, Z. Kiani, S. Nawaz, Sana Zulfiqar, Noshabah Tabassum
Hospital waste is a major environmental concern nowadays. It refers to materials originating from healthcare facilities, that are no more beneficial for living beings. Prior its final disposal it requires proper management and treatment to reduce its deleterious impacts. The purpose this review is to evaluate the waste management and treatment practices/techniques adopted in selected hospitals of four provinces of Pakistan. The study revealed that the waste management techniques (incineration, landfilling, autoclave and open dumping) in Pakistani hospitals have serious environmental implications. There is also a void in implementation of the existing legal framework for the adequate management and treatment of hospital waste, which can be overcome by adopting environmentally friendly techniques such as low temperature plasma, irradiation technology, reverse polymerization, and bio-converters.
{"title":"HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT: EXECUTION IN PAKISTAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS – A REVIEW","authors":"S. Mukhtar, Hamna Khan, Z. Kiani, S. Nawaz, Sana Zulfiqar, Noshabah Tabassum","doi":"10.26480/ECR.01.2018.18.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/ECR.01.2018.18.23","url":null,"abstract":"Hospital waste is a major environmental concern nowadays. It refers to materials originating from healthcare facilities, that are no more beneficial for living beings. Prior its final disposal it requires proper management and treatment to reduce its deleterious impacts. The purpose this review is to evaluate the waste management and treatment practices/techniques adopted in selected hospitals of four provinces of Pakistan. The study revealed that the waste management techniques (incineration, landfilling, autoclave and open dumping) in Pakistani hospitals have serious environmental implications. There is also a void in implementation of the existing legal framework for the adequate management and treatment of hospital waste, which can be overcome by adopting environmentally friendly techniques such as low temperature plasma, irradiation technology, reverse polymerization, and bio-converters.","PeriodicalId":11882,"journal":{"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS REVIEWS","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77320238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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