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Distinct microbial communities supported by iron oxidation 铁氧化作用支持的独特微生物群落。
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16706
Kateřina Burkartová, Antonín Hlaváček, Sergej Skoblia, Lukáš Falteisek

Microbial biostalactites and streamers commonly grow at iron seepages in abandoned mines worldwide. This study addresses the diversity and composition of these simple prokaryotic communities, which thrive in pH ranges from 2.4 to 6.6 across six different mines. Our analysis of 85 communities reveals that a pH of approximately 3.2 is a critical threshold where alpha and beta diversity change discretely. Below this pH, the average number of ASVs per sample is 2.91 times lower than above this boundary. Autotrophs, heterotrophs, and symbionts of eukaryotes originate from nearly non-overlapping species pools in the two habitat types that differ only in pH. Communities below pH 3.2 further divide into two distinct groups, differing in diversity, taxonomic, and functional composition. Both types of communities coexist within the same stalactites, likely corresponding to zones where the capillary structure of the stalactite is either perfused or clogged. These findings indicate that microbial community structure can be significantly influenced by the intricate spatial organization of the ecosystem, rather than solely by measurable environmental parameters.

世界各地废弃矿井中的铁渗流处通常都生长着微生物生物菌根和菌簇。本研究探讨了这些简单原核生物群落的多样性和组成,这些群落在六个不同矿区的 pH 值范围为 2.4 到 6.6 的环境中生长茂盛。我们对 85 个群落的分析表明,pH 值约为 3.2 是一个临界点,在这个临界点上,α 和β 的多样性会发生离散变化。低于此 pH 值时,每个样本的 ASV 平均数量比高于此界限时低 2.91 倍。自养生物、异养生物和真核生物的共生体在两种生境类型中几乎没有重叠的物种库,它们之间的差异仅在于 pH 值。pH 值低于 3.2 的群落进一步分为两个不同的群体,它们在多样性、分类学和功能组成方面各不相同。这两类群落共存于同一钟乳石中,可能与钟乳石毛细管结构灌注或堵塞的区域相对应。这些研究结果表明,微生物群落结构会受到生态系统错综复杂的空间组织的显著影响,而不仅仅受可测量的环境参数的影响。
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引用次数: 0
The role of foraging pollinators in assembling the flower microbiota and transmitting the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora 觅食传粉昆虫在组合花卉微生物群和传播火疫病病原体 Erwinia amylovora 中的作用。
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16702
Salma Mukhtar, M. Amine Hassani, Tracy Zarrillo, Zhouqi Cui, George W. Sundin, Quan Zeng

Flowers serve as hubs for biotic interactions with pollinators and microbes, which can significantly impact plant reproduction and health. Previous studies have shown that the flower microbiota undergoes dynamic assembly processes during anthesis. However, the influence of foraging pollinators on the assembly and dispersal of the flower microbiota and the transmission of plant pathogens remains poorly understood. In this study, we used insect exclusion netting to investigate the role of pollinators in the assembly of the microbiota on apple stigma and the transmission of the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora. We found that excluding pollinators had a minor impact on the community diversity and composition of the apple stigma microbiota, while the flower's developmental stage had a strong influence. Additionally, pollinator exclusion altered bacterial dispersal and the relative abundance of different bacterial species, including E. amylovora, suggesting that pollinators play a role in transmitting plant pathogens. Using a reporter system, we demonstrated that bumble bees can transmit the fire blight pathogen from an infected flower under controlled growth conditions. Our study highlights the importance of intrinsic and pollinator-independent microbes as sources of inoculum for the stigma microbiota and underscores the role of foraging pollinators in vectoring plant pathogens.

花朵是传粉者和微生物之间生物相互作用的枢纽,对植物的繁殖和健康有重大影响。以往的研究表明,花朵微生物群在开花期间经历了动态的组装过程。然而,觅食传粉昆虫对花卉微生物群的组装和传播以及植物病原体的传播的影响仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们利用昆虫排除网来研究传粉昆虫在苹果柱头微生物群的集结和火疫病病原体 Erwinia amylovora 的传播中的作用。我们发现,排除传粉昆虫对苹果柱头微生物群落多样性和组成的影响较小,而花的发育阶段则有很大影响。此外,授粉者的排斥改变了细菌的散播和不同细菌种类(包括淀粉样芽孢杆菌)的相对丰度,这表明授粉者在传播植物病原体方面发挥了作用。我们利用报告系统证明,熊蜂能在受控生长条件下从受感染的花朵中传播火疫病病原体。我们的研究强调了固有微生物和不依赖授粉者的微生物作为柱头微生物群接种体来源的重要性,并强调了觅食授粉者在传播植物病原体中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Genome-wide differentiation corresponds to climatic niches in two species of lichen-forming fungi 全基因组分化与两种地衣形成真菌的气候龛位相对应
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16703
Edgar L. Y. Wong, Henrique F. Valim, Imke Schmitt

Lichens can withstand fluctuating environmental conditions such as hydration-desiccation cycles. Many species distribute across climate zones, suggesting population-level adaptations to conditions such as freezing and drought. Here, we aim to understand how climate affects population genomic patterns in lichenized fungi. We analysed population structure along elevational gradients in closely related Umbilicaria phaea (North American; two gradients) and Umbilicaria pustulata (European; three gradients). All gradients showed clear genomic breaks splitting populations into low-elevation (Mediterranean zone) and high-elevation (cold temperate zone). A total of 3301 SNPs in U. phaea and 138 SNPs in U. pustulata were driven to fixation between the two ends of the gradients. The difference between the species is likely due to differences in recombination rate: the sexually reproducing U. phaea has a higher recombination rate than the primarily asexually reproducing U. pustulata. Cline analysis revealed allele frequency transitions along all gradients at approximately 0°C, coinciding with the transition between the Mediterranean and cold temperate zones, suggesting freezing is a strong driver of population differentiation. Genomic scans further confirmed temperature-related selection targets. Both species showed similar differentiation patterns overall, but different selected alleles indicate convergent adaptation to freezing. Our results enrich our knowledge of fungal genomic functions related to temperature and climate, fungal population genomics, and species responses to environmental heterogeneity.

地衣可以承受水合-干燥周期等波动的环境条件。许多物种分布在不同的气候带,这表明它们在种群水平上适应了冰冻和干旱等条件。在此,我们旨在了解气候如何影响地衣化真菌的种群基因组模式。我们沿海拔梯度分析了密切相关的 Umbilicaria phaea(北美;两个梯度)和 Umbilicaria pustulata(欧洲;三个梯度)的种群结构。所有梯度都显示出明显的基因组断裂,将种群分为低海拔(地中海地区)和高海拔(寒温带地区)。在梯度两端的 U. phaea 和 U. pustulata 中,共有 3301 个 SNPs 和 138 个 SNPs 趋于固定。物种之间的差异可能是由于重组率的不同:有性生殖的 U. phaea 比主要无性生殖的 U. pustulata 有更高的重组率。克林分析显示,所有梯度的等位基因频率都在大约 0°C 时发生转变,这与地中海和寒温带之间的过渡相吻合,表明冰冻是种群分化的一个强大驱动力。基因组扫描进一步证实了与温度有关的选择目标。两种真菌总体上表现出相似的分化模式,但不同的等位基因表明它们对冷冻的适应性趋同。我们的研究结果丰富了我们对与温度和气候相关的真菌基因组功能、真菌种群基因组学以及物种对环境异质性的反应的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Metagenomics reveal the potential for geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol production across multiple bacterial phyla in recirculating aquaculture systems "元基因组学揭示了循环水产养殖系统中多个细菌门类生产地衣素和 2-甲基异龙脑的潜力"
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16696
Dan Zheng, Britt-Marie Wilén, Ola Öberg, Torsten Wik, Oskar Modin

Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) are known to cause taste-and-odour problems in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Both geosmin and MIB are microbial metabolites belonging to terpenoids. Precursors for terpenoids are biosynthesized via the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) and the mevalonate (MVA) pathways. We carried out a metagenomic analysis of 50 samples from five RAS to investigate terpenoid biosynthesis and metabolic potential for geosmin and MIB production in RAS microbiomes. A total of 1008 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) representing 26 bacterial and three archaeal phyla were recovered. Although most archaea are thought to use the MVA pathway for terpenoid precursor biosynthesis, an Iainarchaeota archaeal MAG is shown to harbour a complete set of genes encoding the MEP pathway but lacking genes associated with the MVA pathway. In this study, a total of 16 MAGs affiliated with five bacterial phyla (Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Chloroflexota, and Myxococcota) were identified as possessing potential geosmin or MIB synthases. These putative taste and odour producers were diverse, many were taxonomically unidentified at the genus or species level, and their relative abundance differed between the investigated RAS farms. The metagenomic study of the RAS microbiomes revealed a previously unknown phylogenetic diversity of the potential to produce geosmin and MIB.

众所周知,地锦酚和 2-甲基异龙脑(MIB)会在循环水养殖系统(RAS)中引起味道和气味问题。地奥司明和 MIB 都属于萜类化合物的微生物代谢产物。萜类化合物的前体通过季戊四醇磷酸甲酯(MEP)和甲羟戊酸(MVA)途径进行生物合成。我们对来自五个 RAS 的 50 个样本进行了元基因组分析,以研究 RAS 微生物群中萜类化合物的生物合成以及地黄素和 MIB 生产的代谢潜力。共回收了 1008 个元基因组组装基因组(MAGs),代表 26 个细菌门和 3 个古细菌门。虽然大多数古细菌被认为使用 MVA 途径进行萜类前体的生物合成,但一个伊恩古细菌群的古细菌 MAG 却被证明含有一套完整的编码 MEP 途径的基因,但缺乏与 MVA 途径相关的基因。在这项研究中,共鉴定出 16 个隶属于五个细菌门(酸性杆菌门、放线菌门、类杆菌门、绿僵菌门和粘球菌门)的 MAG 具有潜在的地黄素或 MIB 合成酶。这些假定的味道和气味生产者种类繁多,许多在分类学上未确定属或种,其相对丰度在所调查的 RAS 养殖场之间存在差异。RAS 微生物组的元基因组研究揭示了以前未知的地衣素和 MIB 生产潜力的系统发育多样性。
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引用次数: 0
The commensal skin microbiome of amphibian mountain populations and its association with the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis 两栖动物山地种群的共生皮肤微生物群及其与病原体巴特拉氏菌的关系
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16699
Adeline Loyau, Rayan Bouchali, Hugo Sentenac, Dirk S. Schmeller

Microbial assemblages naturally living on the skin are an integral part of immunity. In amphibians, this skin microbiota may hold a mitigation solution against the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which causes the panzootic disease chytridiomycosis. We used 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding to test the adaptive microbiome hypothesis. We compared the community composition, richness, and putative Bd-inhibitory function of the skin microbiome of three amphibian host species in the Pyrenees, as well as three species in Taiwan, in both Bd-positive and negative mountain populations. In both geographical regions, the amphibian host species played a decisive role in shaping the microbial assemblage and putative anti-Bd properties. In the Pyrenees, the species most susceptible to chytridiomycosis, Alytes obstetricans, had the lowest relative abundances of putative protective bacteria. In Bd-positive and negative sites, individuals had different skin microbiomes, with all anuran species showing increased relative abundances of potential anti-Bd bacteria, while the Taiwanese caudata Hynobius sonani showed the opposite pattern. Our results suggest that, in response to exposure to the pathogen, the skin microbiota shifted to a defensive state with increased anti-Bd function, which may contribute to promoting disease resistance, as proposed by the adaptive microbiome hypothesis.

自然生活在皮肤上的微生物群是免疫不可或缺的一部分。在两栖动物中,这种皮肤微生物群可能是抵御真菌病原体蝙蝠疫霉菌(Bd)的一种缓解方案,蝙蝠疫霉菌会引起糜烂性疾病。我们使用 16S rRNA 基因代谢编码来检验适应性微生物群假说。我们比较了比利牛斯山脉的三种两栖动物宿主以及台湾的三种两栖动物的皮肤微生物群的群落组成、丰富度和假定的Bd抑制功能。在这两个地理区域,两栖动物宿主物种在形成微生物群落和可能的抗Bd特性方面起着决定性作用。在比利牛斯山,最容易感染糜烂丝虫病的物种--产卵蛙(Alytes obstetricans)的假定保护性细菌的相对丰度最低。在Bd阳性和阴性地点,个体的皮肤微生物组不同,所有无尾类物种的潜在抗Bd细菌的相对丰度都有所增加,而台湾尾索蟾蜍的情况则相反。我们的研究结果表明,接触病原体后,皮肤微生物群转为防御状态,抗Bd功能增强,这可能有助于促进抗病能力,正如适应性微生物群假说所提出的那样。
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal dynamics in microbial trace metals transporters during phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean 南大洋浮游植物繁殖期间微生物痕量金属转运体的季节动态。
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16695
Yanhui Kong, Rui Zhang, Stéphane Blain, Ingrid Obernosterer

Trace metals are required as cofactors in metalloproteins that are essential in microbial metabolism and growth. The microbial requirements of diverse metals and the capabilities of prokaryotic taxa to acquire these metals remain poorly understood. We present here results from metagenomic observations over an entire productive season in the region off Kerguelen Island (Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean). We observed seasonal patterns in the abundance of prokaryotic transporters of seven trace elements (zinc [Zn], manganese [Mn], nickel [Ni], molybdenum [Mo], tungsten [W], copper [Cu] and cobalt [Co]) and the consecutive spring and summer phytoplankton blooms were strong drivers of these temporal trends. Taxonomic affiliation of the functional genes revealed that Rhodobacteraceae had a broad repertoire of trace metal transporters (Mn, Zn, Ni, W and Mo) and a more restricted set was observed for other prokaryotic groups, such as Flavobacteriaceae (Zn), Nitrincolaceae (Ni and W) and Thioglobaceae (Mo). The prevalence of trace metal transporters within a prokaryotic group, as determined on the family level, was overall confirmed in representative metagenome-assembled genomes. We discuss the potential involvement of prokaryotic groups in processes related to organic matter utilisation that require these metals and the consequences on carbon and trace metal cycling in surface waters of the Southern Ocean.

痕量金属需要作为金属蛋白的辅助因子,而金属蛋白对微生物的新陈代谢和生长至关重要。微生物对各种金属的需求以及原核生物类群获取这些金属的能力仍然鲜为人知。我们在此介绍对凯尔盖朗岛(南大洋印度洋段)附近地区整个丰产季节的元基因组观测结果。我们观察到七种微量元素(锌、锰、镍、钼、钨、铜和钴)的原核转运体丰度的季节性模式,春季和夏季浮游植物的连续繁殖是这些时间趋势的主要驱动力。功能基因的分类学归属显示,罗氏菌科(Rhodobacteraceae)具有广泛的痕量金属转运体(Mn、Zn、Ni、W 和 Mo),而黄杆菌科(Flavobacteriaceae)(Zn)、硝化细菌科(Nitrincolaceae)(Ni 和 W)和硫球菌科(Thioglobaceae)(Mo)等其他原核生物群体的痕量金属转运体则较为有限。在具有代表性的元基因组组装基因组中,根据科级确定的原核生物类群中痕量金属转运体的普遍性得到了总体证实。我们讨论了原核生物群可能参与需要这些金属的有机物利用过程,以及对南大洋表层水碳和痕量金属循环的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of genetic and environmental factors on the success of endosymbiont transfers in pest aphids 遗传和环境因素对害虫蚜虫内生体转移成功率的影响。
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16704
Xinyue Gu, Perran A. Ross, Qiong Yang, Alex Gill, Paul A. Umina, Ary A. Hoffmann

There is increasing interest in exploring how endosymbionts could be useful in pest control, including in aphids, which can carry a diversity of endosymbionts. Endosymbionts often have a large impact on host traits, and their presence can be self-sustaining. Identifying useful host-endosymbiont combinations for pest control is facilitated by the transfer of specific endosymbionts into target species, particularly if the species lacks the endosymbiont. Here, we complete a comprehensive literature review, which included 56 relevant papers on endosymbiont transfer experiments in aphids, to uncover factors that might influence transfer success. We then report on our own microinjection attempts of diverse facultative endosymbionts from a range of donor species into three agriculturally important aphid species as recipients: the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi), and Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia). Combining this information, we consider reasons that impact the successful establishment of lines carrying transferred endosymbionts. These include a lack of stability in donors, deleterious effects on host fitness, the absence of plant-based (versus vertical) transmission, high genetic variation in the endosymbiont, and susceptibility of an infection to environmental factors. Taking these factors into account should help in increasing success rates in future introductions.

人们对探索内生共生体如何在害虫控制中发挥作用越来越感兴趣,其中包括蚜虫,因为蚜虫可以携带多种内生共生体。内生共生体往往对宿主的性状有很大影响,而且它们的存在可以自我维持。将特定的内生共生体转移到目标物种中,尤其是在目标物种缺乏内生共生体的情况下,有助于确定有用的寄主-内生共生体组合,以控制害虫。在此,我们完成了一项全面的文献综述,其中包括 56 篇关于蚜虫内生共生体转移实验的相关论文,以揭示可能影响转移成功的因素。然后,我们报告了自己尝试将来自一系列供体物种的各种面生内生共生体显微注射到作为受体的三种重要农业蚜虫物种中的情况:绿桃蚜(Myzus persicae)、鸟樱芋蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)和俄罗斯麦蚜(Diuraphis noxia)。综合这些信息,我们考虑了影响携带转移内生共生体的品系成功建立的原因。这些原因包括:供体缺乏稳定性、对宿主适应性的有害影响、缺乏植物传播(相对于垂直传播)、内生体遗传变异大以及感染易受环境因素影响。考虑到这些因素,应有助于提高未来引入的成功率。
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引用次数: 0
Photoelectron-promoted metabolism of sulphate-reducing microorganisms in substrate-depleted environments 底物贫乏环境中硫酸盐还原微生物的光电子促进新陈代谢。
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16683
Chao Zhong, Anhuai Lu, Hailiang Dong, Shan Huang, Liang Shi, Yanan Shen, Yangjian Cheng, Yiran Dong, Xiangzhen Li, Jie Xu, Jinren Ni, Michael F. Hochella Jr, Juan Liu

Sulphate-reducing microorganisms, or SRMs, are crucial to organic decomposition, the sulphur cycle, and the formation of pyrite. Despite their low energy-yielding metabolism and intense competition with other microorganisms, their ability to thrive in natural habitats often lacking sufficient substrates remains an enigma. This study delves into how Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20, a representative SRM, utilizes photoelectrons from extracellular sphalerite (ZnS), a semiconducting mineral that often coexists with SRMs, for its metabolism and energy production. Batch experiments with sphalerite reveal that the initial rate and extent of sulphate reduction by G20 increased by 3.6 and 3.2 times respectively under light conditions compared to darkness, when lactate was not added. Analyses of microbial photoelectrochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data suggest that in the absence of lactate, G20 extracts photoelectrons from extracellular sphalerite through cytochromes, nanowires, and electron shuttles. Genes encoding movement and biofilm formation are upregulated, suggesting that G20 might sense redox potential gradients and migrate towards sphalerite to acquire photoelectrons. This process enhances the intracellular electron transfer activity, sulphur metabolism, and ATP production of G20, which becomes dominant under conditions of carbon starvation and extends cell viability in such environments. This mechanism could be a vital strategy for SRMs to survive in energy-limited environments and contribute to sulphur cycling.

硫酸盐还原微生物(SRMs)对有机物分解、硫循环和黄铁矿的形成至关重要。尽管硫酸盐还原微生物的新陈代谢能量低,与其他微生物的竞争也很激烈,但它们在通常缺乏足够底物的自然栖息地中繁衍生息的能力仍然是一个谜。本研究探讨了具有代表性的 SRM--脱硫弧菌 G20 如何利用细胞外闪锌矿(ZnS)的光电子进行新陈代谢和产生能量。用闪锌矿进行的分批实验表明,在不添加乳酸盐的情况下,与黑暗条件相比,G20 在光照条件下的硫酸盐还原初始速率和程度分别增加了 3.6 倍和 3.2 倍。对微生物光电化学、转录组和代谢组数据的分析表明,在没有乳酸盐的情况下,G20 通过细胞色素、纳米线和电子快车从细胞外闪锌矿中提取光电子。编码运动和生物膜形成的基因上调,表明 G20 可能感知氧化还原电位梯度,并向闪锌矿迁移以获取光电子。这一过程增强了 G20 的胞内电子传递活性、硫代谢和 ATP 生成,使其在碳饥饿条件下成为主导,并延长了细胞在这种环境中的存活时间。这种机制可能是 SRM 在能量有限的环境中生存并促进硫循环的重要策略。
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引用次数: 0
The filamentous γ-prefoldin chaperone is not essential for growth and thermal adaptation in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii 丝状γ-prefoldin伴侣蛋白对詹纳斯奇氏梅氏球菌的生长和热适应并非必不可少。
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16705
Hee-Jeong Cha, Dominic J. Glover, Douglas S. Clark

Elucidating the role of molecular chaperones in extremely thermophilic archaea, including the gamma prefoldin (γPFD) in the deep-sea methanogen Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, is integral to understanding microbial adaptation to hot environments. This study focuses on genetically engineered knock-out and overexpression strains to evaluate the importance of γPFD in the growth and thermal tolerance of M. jannaschii. An in-depth analysis of cell growth, morphology and transcriptional responses to heat stress revealed that although the gene encoding γPFD is substantially upregulated in response to heat shock, the γPFD is not indispensable for high-temperature survival. Instead, its absence in the knock-out strain is compensated for by the upregulation of several proteolytic proteins in the absence of heat shock, nearly matching the corresponding transcription profile of selected transcripts for proteins involved in protein synthesis and folding in the wild-type strain following heat shock, using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). These findings bridge environmental adaptation with molecular biology, underscoring the versatility of extremophiles and providing a deeper mechanistic understanding of how they cope with stress.

阐明分子伴侣蛋白在极端嗜热古细菌中的作用,包括深海甲烷原甲烷球菌(Methanocaldococcus jannaschii)中的γ预折叠素(γPFD),对于了解微生物对高温环境的适应性是不可或缺的。本研究主要通过基因工程敲除和过表达菌株来评估γPFD在M. jannaschii的生长和耐热性中的重要性。对细胞生长、形态和热胁迫转录反应的深入分析表明,虽然编码γPFD的基因在热休克反应中大幅上调,但γPFD并不是高温生存所不可或缺的。相反,γPFD 在基因敲除菌株中的缺失通过几种蛋白水解蛋白在无热休克时的上调得到了补偿,利用定量反转录 PCR(RT-qPCR)技术,这几乎与野生型菌株在热休克后参与蛋白质合成和折叠的蛋白质转录谱相吻合。这些发现是环境适应与分子生物学之间的桥梁,强调了嗜极生物的多功能性,并从机理上加深了对它们如何应对压力的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Disentangling the factors defining Bacillus subtilis group species abundance in natural soils 厘清界定天然土壤中枯草芽孢杆菌群物种丰度的因素
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16693
Xinming Xu, Adele Pioppi, Heiko T. Kiesewalter, Mikael Lenz Strube, Ákos T. Kovács

Bacillus subtilis is ubiquitously and broadly distributed in various environments but is mostly isolated from soil. Given that B. subtilis is known as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium in agriculture, we aimed to describe the natural distribution of this species and uncover how biotic and abiotic factors affect its distribution. When comparing different soils, we discovered that B. subtilis group species are most abundant in grasslands but can rarely be isolated from forest soil, even if the soil sample sites are situated in proximity. Differential analysis revealed that spore-forming bacteria exhibited enrichments in the grassland, suggesting niche overlap or synergistic interactions leading to the proliferation of certain Bacillus species in grassland environments. Network analysis further revealed that Bacillus and other Bacillota established a densely interconnected hub module in the grassland, characterised by positive associations indicating co-occurrence, a pattern not observed in the forest soil. Speculating that this difference was driven by abiotic factors, we combined amplicon sequencing with physico-chemical analysis of soil samples and found multiple chemical variables, mainly pH, to affect microbial composition. Our study pinpoints the factors that influence B. subtilis abundance in natural soils and, therefore, offers insights for designing B. subtilis-based biocontrol products in agricultural settings.

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)广泛分布于各种环境中,但大部分是从土壤中分离出来的。鉴于枯草芽孢杆菌在农业中被称为促进植物生长的根瘤菌,我们旨在描述该物种的自然分布,并揭示生物和非生物因素如何影响其分布。在对不同土壤进行比较时,我们发现枯草芽孢杆菌群在草地中最为丰富,但很少能从森林土壤中分离到,即使土壤样本地点相邻。差异分析表明,孢子形成细菌在草地中表现出富集,这表明生态位重叠或协同作用导致某些芽孢杆菌物种在草地环境中大量繁殖。网络分析进一步显示,芽孢杆菌和其他芽孢杆菌在草地上建立了一个紧密联系的中枢模块,其特点是正关联,表明共同出现,而这种模式在森林土壤中没有观察到。我们将扩增子测序与土壤样本的物理化学分析相结合,发现多种化学变量(主要是 pH 值)会影响微生物的组成,从而推测这种差异是由非生物因素造成的。我们的研究指出了影响天然土壤中枯草芽孢杆菌丰度的因素,因此为在农业环境中设计基于枯草芽孢杆菌的生物防治产品提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Environmental microbiology
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