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Metagenomics reveal the potential for geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol production across multiple bacterial phyla in recirculating aquaculture systems "元基因组学揭示了循环水产养殖系统中多个细菌门类生产地衣素和 2-甲基异龙脑的潜力"
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16696
Dan Zheng, Britt-Marie Wilén, Ola Öberg, Torsten Wik, Oskar Modin

Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) are known to cause taste-and-odour problems in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Both geosmin and MIB are microbial metabolites belonging to terpenoids. Precursors for terpenoids are biosynthesized via the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) and the mevalonate (MVA) pathways. We carried out a metagenomic analysis of 50 samples from five RAS to investigate terpenoid biosynthesis and metabolic potential for geosmin and MIB production in RAS microbiomes. A total of 1008 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) representing 26 bacterial and three archaeal phyla were recovered. Although most archaea are thought to use the MVA pathway for terpenoid precursor biosynthesis, an Iainarchaeota archaeal MAG is shown to harbour a complete set of genes encoding the MEP pathway but lacking genes associated with the MVA pathway. In this study, a total of 16 MAGs affiliated with five bacterial phyla (Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Chloroflexota, and Myxococcota) were identified as possessing potential geosmin or MIB synthases. These putative taste and odour producers were diverse, many were taxonomically unidentified at the genus or species level, and their relative abundance differed between the investigated RAS farms. The metagenomic study of the RAS microbiomes revealed a previously unknown phylogenetic diversity of the potential to produce geosmin and MIB.

众所周知,地锦酚和 2-甲基异龙脑(MIB)会在循环水养殖系统(RAS)中引起味道和气味问题。地奥司明和 MIB 都属于萜类化合物的微生物代谢产物。萜类化合物的前体通过季戊四醇磷酸甲酯(MEP)和甲羟戊酸(MVA)途径进行生物合成。我们对来自五个 RAS 的 50 个样本进行了元基因组分析,以研究 RAS 微生物群中萜类化合物的生物合成以及地黄素和 MIB 生产的代谢潜力。共回收了 1008 个元基因组组装基因组(MAGs),代表 26 个细菌门和 3 个古细菌门。虽然大多数古细菌被认为使用 MVA 途径进行萜类前体的生物合成,但一个伊恩古细菌群的古细菌 MAG 却被证明含有一套完整的编码 MEP 途径的基因,但缺乏与 MVA 途径相关的基因。在这项研究中,共鉴定出 16 个隶属于五个细菌门(酸性杆菌门、放线菌门、类杆菌门、绿僵菌门和粘球菌门)的 MAG 具有潜在的地黄素或 MIB 合成酶。这些假定的味道和气味生产者种类繁多,许多在分类学上未确定属或种,其相对丰度在所调查的 RAS 养殖场之间存在差异。RAS 微生物组的元基因组研究揭示了以前未知的地衣素和 MIB 生产潜力的系统发育多样性。
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引用次数: 0
The commensal skin microbiome of amphibian mountain populations and its association with the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis 两栖动物山地种群的共生皮肤微生物群及其与病原体巴特拉氏菌的关系
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16699
Adeline Loyau, Rayan Bouchali, Hugo Sentenac, Dirk S. Schmeller

Microbial assemblages naturally living on the skin are an integral part of immunity. In amphibians, this skin microbiota may hold a mitigation solution against the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which causes the panzootic disease chytridiomycosis. We used 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding to test the adaptive microbiome hypothesis. We compared the community composition, richness, and putative Bd-inhibitory function of the skin microbiome of three amphibian host species in the Pyrenees, as well as three species in Taiwan, in both Bd-positive and negative mountain populations. In both geographical regions, the amphibian host species played a decisive role in shaping the microbial assemblage and putative anti-Bd properties. In the Pyrenees, the species most susceptible to chytridiomycosis, Alytes obstetricans, had the lowest relative abundances of putative protective bacteria. In Bd-positive and negative sites, individuals had different skin microbiomes, with all anuran species showing increased relative abundances of potential anti-Bd bacteria, while the Taiwanese caudata Hynobius sonani showed the opposite pattern. Our results suggest that, in response to exposure to the pathogen, the skin microbiota shifted to a defensive state with increased anti-Bd function, which may contribute to promoting disease resistance, as proposed by the adaptive microbiome hypothesis.

自然生活在皮肤上的微生物群是免疫不可或缺的一部分。在两栖动物中,这种皮肤微生物群可能是抵御真菌病原体蝙蝠疫霉菌(Bd)的一种缓解方案,蝙蝠疫霉菌会引起糜烂性疾病。我们使用 16S rRNA 基因代谢编码来检验适应性微生物群假说。我们比较了比利牛斯山脉的三种两栖动物宿主以及台湾的三种两栖动物的皮肤微生物群的群落组成、丰富度和假定的Bd抑制功能。在这两个地理区域,两栖动物宿主物种在形成微生物群落和可能的抗Bd特性方面起着决定性作用。在比利牛斯山,最容易感染糜烂丝虫病的物种--产卵蛙(Alytes obstetricans)的假定保护性细菌的相对丰度最低。在Bd阳性和阴性地点,个体的皮肤微生物组不同,所有无尾类物种的潜在抗Bd细菌的相对丰度都有所增加,而台湾尾索蟾蜍的情况则相反。我们的研究结果表明,接触病原体后,皮肤微生物群转为防御状态,抗Bd功能增强,这可能有助于促进抗病能力,正如适应性微生物群假说所提出的那样。
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal dynamics in microbial trace metals transporters during phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean 南大洋浮游植物繁殖期间微生物痕量金属转运体的季节动态。
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16695
Yanhui Kong, Rui Zhang, Stéphane Blain, Ingrid Obernosterer

Trace metals are required as cofactors in metalloproteins that are essential in microbial metabolism and growth. The microbial requirements of diverse metals and the capabilities of prokaryotic taxa to acquire these metals remain poorly understood. We present here results from metagenomic observations over an entire productive season in the region off Kerguelen Island (Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean). We observed seasonal patterns in the abundance of prokaryotic transporters of seven trace elements (zinc [Zn], manganese [Mn], nickel [Ni], molybdenum [Mo], tungsten [W], copper [Cu] and cobalt [Co]) and the consecutive spring and summer phytoplankton blooms were strong drivers of these temporal trends. Taxonomic affiliation of the functional genes revealed that Rhodobacteraceae had a broad repertoire of trace metal transporters (Mn, Zn, Ni, W and Mo) and a more restricted set was observed for other prokaryotic groups, such as Flavobacteriaceae (Zn), Nitrincolaceae (Ni and W) and Thioglobaceae (Mo). The prevalence of trace metal transporters within a prokaryotic group, as determined on the family level, was overall confirmed in representative metagenome-assembled genomes. We discuss the potential involvement of prokaryotic groups in processes related to organic matter utilisation that require these metals and the consequences on carbon and trace metal cycling in surface waters of the Southern Ocean.

痕量金属需要作为金属蛋白的辅助因子,而金属蛋白对微生物的新陈代谢和生长至关重要。微生物对各种金属的需求以及原核生物类群获取这些金属的能力仍然鲜为人知。我们在此介绍对凯尔盖朗岛(南大洋印度洋段)附近地区整个丰产季节的元基因组观测结果。我们观察到七种微量元素(锌、锰、镍、钼、钨、铜和钴)的原核转运体丰度的季节性模式,春季和夏季浮游植物的连续繁殖是这些时间趋势的主要驱动力。功能基因的分类学归属显示,罗氏菌科(Rhodobacteraceae)具有广泛的痕量金属转运体(Mn、Zn、Ni、W 和 Mo),而黄杆菌科(Flavobacteriaceae)(Zn)、硝化细菌科(Nitrincolaceae)(Ni 和 W)和硫球菌科(Thioglobaceae)(Mo)等其他原核生物群体的痕量金属转运体则较为有限。在具有代表性的元基因组组装基因组中,根据科级确定的原核生物类群中痕量金属转运体的普遍性得到了总体证实。我们讨论了原核生物群可能参与需要这些金属的有机物利用过程,以及对南大洋表层水碳和痕量金属循环的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of genetic and environmental factors on the success of endosymbiont transfers in pest aphids 遗传和环境因素对害虫蚜虫内生体转移成功率的影响。
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16704
Xinyue Gu, Perran A. Ross, Qiong Yang, Alex Gill, Paul A. Umina, Ary A. Hoffmann

There is increasing interest in exploring how endosymbionts could be useful in pest control, including in aphids, which can carry a diversity of endosymbionts. Endosymbionts often have a large impact on host traits, and their presence can be self-sustaining. Identifying useful host-endosymbiont combinations for pest control is facilitated by the transfer of specific endosymbionts into target species, particularly if the species lacks the endosymbiont. Here, we complete a comprehensive literature review, which included 56 relevant papers on endosymbiont transfer experiments in aphids, to uncover factors that might influence transfer success. We then report on our own microinjection attempts of diverse facultative endosymbionts from a range of donor species into three agriculturally important aphid species as recipients: the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi), and Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia). Combining this information, we consider reasons that impact the successful establishment of lines carrying transferred endosymbionts. These include a lack of stability in donors, deleterious effects on host fitness, the absence of plant-based (versus vertical) transmission, high genetic variation in the endosymbiont, and susceptibility of an infection to environmental factors. Taking these factors into account should help in increasing success rates in future introductions.

人们对探索内生共生体如何在害虫控制中发挥作用越来越感兴趣,其中包括蚜虫,因为蚜虫可以携带多种内生共生体。内生共生体往往对宿主的性状有很大影响,而且它们的存在可以自我维持。将特定的内生共生体转移到目标物种中,尤其是在目标物种缺乏内生共生体的情况下,有助于确定有用的寄主-内生共生体组合,以控制害虫。在此,我们完成了一项全面的文献综述,其中包括 56 篇关于蚜虫内生共生体转移实验的相关论文,以揭示可能影响转移成功的因素。然后,我们报告了自己尝试将来自一系列供体物种的各种面生内生共生体显微注射到作为受体的三种重要农业蚜虫物种中的情况:绿桃蚜(Myzus persicae)、鸟樱芋蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)和俄罗斯麦蚜(Diuraphis noxia)。综合这些信息,我们考虑了影响携带转移内生共生体的品系成功建立的原因。这些原因包括:供体缺乏稳定性、对宿主适应性的有害影响、缺乏植物传播(相对于垂直传播)、内生体遗传变异大以及感染易受环境因素影响。考虑到这些因素,应有助于提高未来引入的成功率。
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引用次数: 0
Photoelectron-promoted metabolism of sulphate-reducing microorganisms in substrate-depleted environments 底物贫乏环境中硫酸盐还原微生物的光电子促进新陈代谢。
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16683
Chao Zhong, Anhuai Lu, Hailiang Dong, Shan Huang, Liang Shi, Yanan Shen, Yangjian Cheng, Yiran Dong, Xiangzhen Li, Jie Xu, Jinren Ni, Michael F. Hochella Jr, Juan Liu

Sulphate-reducing microorganisms, or SRMs, are crucial to organic decomposition, the sulphur cycle, and the formation of pyrite. Despite their low energy-yielding metabolism and intense competition with other microorganisms, their ability to thrive in natural habitats often lacking sufficient substrates remains an enigma. This study delves into how Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20, a representative SRM, utilizes photoelectrons from extracellular sphalerite (ZnS), a semiconducting mineral that often coexists with SRMs, for its metabolism and energy production. Batch experiments with sphalerite reveal that the initial rate and extent of sulphate reduction by G20 increased by 3.6 and 3.2 times respectively under light conditions compared to darkness, when lactate was not added. Analyses of microbial photoelectrochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data suggest that in the absence of lactate, G20 extracts photoelectrons from extracellular sphalerite through cytochromes, nanowires, and electron shuttles. Genes encoding movement and biofilm formation are upregulated, suggesting that G20 might sense redox potential gradients and migrate towards sphalerite to acquire photoelectrons. This process enhances the intracellular electron transfer activity, sulphur metabolism, and ATP production of G20, which becomes dominant under conditions of carbon starvation and extends cell viability in such environments. This mechanism could be a vital strategy for SRMs to survive in energy-limited environments and contribute to sulphur cycling.

硫酸盐还原微生物(SRMs)对有机物分解、硫循环和黄铁矿的形成至关重要。尽管硫酸盐还原微生物的新陈代谢能量低,与其他微生物的竞争也很激烈,但它们在通常缺乏足够底物的自然栖息地中繁衍生息的能力仍然是一个谜。本研究探讨了具有代表性的 SRM--脱硫弧菌 G20 如何利用细胞外闪锌矿(ZnS)的光电子进行新陈代谢和产生能量。用闪锌矿进行的分批实验表明,在不添加乳酸盐的情况下,与黑暗条件相比,G20 在光照条件下的硫酸盐还原初始速率和程度分别增加了 3.6 倍和 3.2 倍。对微生物光电化学、转录组和代谢组数据的分析表明,在没有乳酸盐的情况下,G20 通过细胞色素、纳米线和电子快车从细胞外闪锌矿中提取光电子。编码运动和生物膜形成的基因上调,表明 G20 可能感知氧化还原电位梯度,并向闪锌矿迁移以获取光电子。这一过程增强了 G20 的胞内电子传递活性、硫代谢和 ATP 生成,使其在碳饥饿条件下成为主导,并延长了细胞在这种环境中的存活时间。这种机制可能是 SRM 在能量有限的环境中生存并促进硫循环的重要策略。
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引用次数: 0
The filamentous γ-prefoldin chaperone is not essential for growth and thermal adaptation in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii 丝状γ-prefoldin伴侣蛋白对詹纳斯奇氏梅氏球菌的生长和热适应并非必不可少。
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16705
Hee-Jeong Cha, Dominic J. Glover, Douglas S. Clark

Elucidating the role of molecular chaperones in extremely thermophilic archaea, including the gamma prefoldin (γPFD) in the deep-sea methanogen Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, is integral to understanding microbial adaptation to hot environments. This study focuses on genetically engineered knock-out and overexpression strains to evaluate the importance of γPFD in the growth and thermal tolerance of M. jannaschii. An in-depth analysis of cell growth, morphology and transcriptional responses to heat stress revealed that although the gene encoding γPFD is substantially upregulated in response to heat shock, the γPFD is not indispensable for high-temperature survival. Instead, its absence in the knock-out strain is compensated for by the upregulation of several proteolytic proteins in the absence of heat shock, nearly matching the corresponding transcription profile of selected transcripts for proteins involved in protein synthesis and folding in the wild-type strain following heat shock, using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). These findings bridge environmental adaptation with molecular biology, underscoring the versatility of extremophiles and providing a deeper mechanistic understanding of how they cope with stress.

阐明分子伴侣蛋白在极端嗜热古细菌中的作用,包括深海甲烷原甲烷球菌(Methanocaldococcus jannaschii)中的γ预折叠素(γPFD),对于了解微生物对高温环境的适应性是不可或缺的。本研究主要通过基因工程敲除和过表达菌株来评估γPFD在M. jannaschii的生长和耐热性中的重要性。对细胞生长、形态和热胁迫转录反应的深入分析表明,虽然编码γPFD的基因在热休克反应中大幅上调,但γPFD并不是高温生存所不可或缺的。相反,γPFD 在基因敲除菌株中的缺失通过几种蛋白水解蛋白在无热休克时的上调得到了补偿,利用定量反转录 PCR(RT-qPCR)技术,这几乎与野生型菌株在热休克后参与蛋白质合成和折叠的蛋白质转录谱相吻合。这些发现是环境适应与分子生物学之间的桥梁,强调了嗜极生物的多功能性,并从机理上加深了对它们如何应对压力的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Disentangling the factors defining Bacillus subtilis group species abundance in natural soils 厘清界定天然土壤中枯草芽孢杆菌群物种丰度的因素
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16693
Xinming Xu, Adele Pioppi, Heiko T. Kiesewalter, Mikael Lenz Strube, Ákos T. Kovács

Bacillus subtilis is ubiquitously and broadly distributed in various environments but is mostly isolated from soil. Given that B. subtilis is known as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium in agriculture, we aimed to describe the natural distribution of this species and uncover how biotic and abiotic factors affect its distribution. When comparing different soils, we discovered that B. subtilis group species are most abundant in grasslands but can rarely be isolated from forest soil, even if the soil sample sites are situated in proximity. Differential analysis revealed that spore-forming bacteria exhibited enrichments in the grassland, suggesting niche overlap or synergistic interactions leading to the proliferation of certain Bacillus species in grassland environments. Network analysis further revealed that Bacillus and other Bacillota established a densely interconnected hub module in the grassland, characterised by positive associations indicating co-occurrence, a pattern not observed in the forest soil. Speculating that this difference was driven by abiotic factors, we combined amplicon sequencing with physico-chemical analysis of soil samples and found multiple chemical variables, mainly pH, to affect microbial composition. Our study pinpoints the factors that influence B. subtilis abundance in natural soils and, therefore, offers insights for designing B. subtilis-based biocontrol products in agricultural settings.

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)广泛分布于各种环境中,但大部分是从土壤中分离出来的。鉴于枯草芽孢杆菌在农业中被称为促进植物生长的根瘤菌,我们旨在描述该物种的自然分布,并揭示生物和非生物因素如何影响其分布。在对不同土壤进行比较时,我们发现枯草芽孢杆菌群在草地中最为丰富,但很少能从森林土壤中分离到,即使土壤样本地点相邻。差异分析表明,孢子形成细菌在草地中表现出富集,这表明生态位重叠或协同作用导致某些芽孢杆菌物种在草地环境中大量繁殖。网络分析进一步显示,芽孢杆菌和其他芽孢杆菌在草地上建立了一个紧密联系的中枢模块,其特点是正关联,表明共同出现,而这种模式在森林土壤中没有观察到。我们将扩增子测序与土壤样本的物理化学分析相结合,发现多种化学变量(主要是 pH 值)会影响微生物的组成,从而推测这种差异是由非生物因素造成的。我们的研究指出了影响天然土壤中枯草芽孢杆菌丰度的因素,因此为在农业环境中设计基于枯草芽孢杆菌的生物防治产品提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of putative coral pathogens in endangered Caribbean staghorn coral using machine learning 利用机器学习识别濒危加勒比鹿角珊瑚中的假定珊瑚病原体
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16700
Jason D. Selwyn, Brecia A. Despard, Miles V. Vollmer, Emily C. Trytten, Steven V. Vollmer

Coral diseases contribute to the rapid decline in coral reefs worldwide, and yet coral bacterial pathogens have proved difficult to identify because 16S rRNA gene surveys typically identify tens to hundreds of disease-associate bacteria as putative pathogens. An example is white band disease (WBD), which has killed up to 95% of the now-endangered Caribbean Acropora corals since 1979, yet the pathogen is still unknown. The 16S rRNA gene surveys have identified hundreds of WBD-associated bacterial amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs) from at least nine bacterial families with little consensus across studies. We conducted a multi-year, multi-site 16S rRNA gene sequencing comparison of 269 healthy and 143 WBD-infected Acropora cervicornis and used machine learning modelling to accurately predict disease outcomes and identify the top ASVs contributing to disease. Our ensemble ML models accurately predicted disease with greater than 97% accuracy and identified 19 disease-associated ASVs and five healthy-associated ASVs that were consistently differentially abundant across sampling periods. Using a tank-based transmission experiment, we tested whether the 19 disease-associated ASVs met the assumption of a pathogen and identified two pathogenic candidate ASVs—ASV25 Cysteiniphilum litorale and ASV8 Vibrio sp. to target for future isolation, cultivation, and confirmation of Henle-Koch's postulate via transmission assays.

珊瑚疾病是全球珊瑚礁迅速衰退的原因之一,但珊瑚细菌病原体却很难确定,因为 16S rRNA 基因调查通常会确定数十到数百种与疾病相关的细菌为假定病原体。白带病(WBD)就是一个例子,自 1979 年以来,高达 95% 的现已濒临灭绝的加勒比 Acropora 珊瑚死于白带病,但病原体仍然未知。16S rRNA 基因调查已经从至少九个细菌家族中发现了数百种与 WBD 相关的细菌扩增子测序变体(ASV),但各研究之间几乎没有达成共识。我们对 269 个健康 Acropora cervicornis 和 143 个受 WBD 感染的 Acropora cervicornis 进行了多年、多地点 16S rRNA 基因测序比较,并使用机器学习建模来准确预测疾病结果和确定导致疾病的主要 ASV。我们的集合 ML 模型准确预测了疾病,准确率超过 97%,并确定了 19 种与疾病相关的 ASV 和 5 种与健康相关的 ASV,这些 ASV 在不同采样期的含量始终存在差异。通过基于水槽的传播实验,我们测试了这 19 种与疾病相关的 ASV 是否符合病原体的假设,并确定了两种病原体候选 ASV--ASV25 Cysteiniphilum litorale 和 ASV8 Vibrio sp.--作为未来分离、培养和通过传播实验确认 Henle-Koch 假设的目标。
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引用次数: 0
Warm temperature inhibits cytoplasmic incompatibility induced by endosymbiotic Rickettsiella in spider hosts 暖温抑制蜘蛛宿主体内共生立克次体诱导的细胞质不相容性
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16697
Jordyn D. Proctor, Virginija Mackevicius-Dubickaja, Yuval Gottlieb, Jennifer A. White

Bacterial endosymbionts manipulate reproduction in arthropods to increase their prevalence in the host population. One such manipulation is cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), wherein the bacteria sabotage sperm in infected males to reduce the hatch rate when mated with uninfected females, but zygotes are ‘rescued’ when that male mates with an infected female. In the spider Mermessus fradeorum (Linyphiidae), Rickettsiella symbionts cause variable levels of CI. We hypothesised that temperature affects the strength of CI and its rescue in M. fradeorum, potentially mediated by bacterial titre. We reared Rickettsiella-infected spiders in two temperature conditions (26°C vs. 20°C) and tested CI induction in males and rescue in females. In incompatible crosses between infected males and uninfected females, the hatch rate from warm males was doubled (mean ± standard error = 0.687 ± 0.052) relative to cool males (0.348 ± 0.046), indicating that CI induction is weaker in warm males. In rescue crosses between infected females and infected males, female rearing temperature had a marginal effect on CI rescue, but the hatch rate remained high for both warm (0.960 ± 0.023) and cool females (0.994 ± 0.004). Bacterial titre, as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, was lower in warm than cool spiders, particularly in females, suggesting that bacterial titre may play a role in causing the temperature-mediated changes in CI.

细菌内共生体会操纵节肢动物的繁殖,以提高其在宿主种群中的流行率。其中一种操纵方法是细胞质不相容(CI),细菌会破坏受感染雄性体内的精子,从而降低其与未感染雌性交配时的孵化率,但当该雄性与受感染雌性交配时,子代会得到 "拯救"。在蜘蛛 Mermessus fradeorum(Linyphiidae)中,立克次体共生体会导致不同程度的 CI。我们假设,温度会影响 M. fradeorum 的 CI 强度及其解救,这可能是由细菌滴度介导的。我们在两种温度条件下(26°C 与 20°C)饲养了感染立克次体的蜘蛛,并测试了雄性蜘蛛的 CI 诱导和雌性蜘蛛的拯救。在受感染雄蛛与未感染雌蛛的不相容杂交中,暖色雄蛛的孵化率(平均值±标准误差 = 0.687 ± 0.052)比冷色雄蛛(0.348 ± 0.046)高出一倍,这表明暖色雄蛛的CI诱导能力较弱。在受感染雌性和受感染雄性的拯救杂交中,雌性饲养温度对 CI 拯救的影响微乎其微,但温暖(0.960 ± 0.023)和凉爽(0.994 ± 0.004)的雌性孵化率仍然很高。通过定量聚合酶链反应测定的细菌滴度在暖蛛中低于冷蛛,尤其是在雌蛛中,这表明细菌滴度可能在导致温度介导的 CI 变化中发挥作用。
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引用次数: 0
The role of endospore appendages in spore–spore interactions in the pathogenic Bacillus cereus group 致病性蜡样芽孢杆菌中内生孢子附属物在孢子-孢子相互作用中的作用。
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16678
Unni Lise Jonsmoen, Dmitry Malyshev, Mike Sleutel, Elise Egeli Kristensen, Ephrem Debebe Zegeye, Han Remaut, Magnus Andersson, Marina Elisabeth Aspholm

Species within the Bacillus cereus sensu lato group, known for their spore-forming ability, are recognized for their significant role in food spoilage and food poisoning. The spores of B. cereus are adorned with numerous pilus-like appendages, referred to as S-ENAs and L-ENAs. These appendages are thought to play vital roles in self-aggregation, adhesion, and biofilm formation. Our study investigates the role of S-ENAs and L-ENAs, as well as the impact of various environmental factors on spore-to-spore contacts and the interaction between spores and vegetative cells, using both bulk and single-cell approaches. Our findings indicate that ENAs, especially their tip fibrillae, play a crucial role in spore self-aggregation, but not in the adhesion of spores to vegetative cells. The absence of L-BclA, which forms the L-ENA tip fibrillum, reduced spore aggregation mediated by both S-ENAs and L-ENAs, highlighting the interconnected roles of S-ENAs and L-ENAs. We also found that increased salt concentrations in the liquid environment significantly reduced spore aggregation, suggesting a charge dependency of spore-spore interactions. By shedding light on these complex interactions, our study offers valuable insights into spore dynamics. This knowledge can inform future studies on spore behaviour in environmental settings and assist in developing strategies to manage bacterial aggregation for beneficial purposes, such as controlling biofilms in food production equipment.

蜡样芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus cereus sensu lato)中的一些菌种以其孢子形成能力而闻名,因其在食物腐败和食物中毒中的重要作用而得到公认。蜡样芽孢杆菌的孢子上有许多类似柔毛的附属物,被称为 S-ENAs 和 L-ENAs。这些附属物被认为在自我聚集、粘附和生物膜形成中发挥着重要作用。我们的研究采用大细胞和单细胞方法研究了 S-ENAs 和 L-ENAs 的作用,以及各种环境因素对孢子与孢子之间接触以及孢子与无性细胞之间相互作用的影响。我们的研究结果表明,ENAs,尤其是其顶端纤维,在孢子的自我聚集中起着关键作用,但在孢子与无性细胞的粘附中却不起作用。形成 L-ENA 顶端纤层的 L-BclA 的缺失降低了由 S-ENAs 和 L-ENAs 介导的孢子聚集,凸显了 S-ENAs 和 L-ENAs 相互关联的作用。我们还发现,液体环境中盐浓度的增加会显著降低孢子的聚集,这表明孢子-孢子相互作用与电荷有关。通过揭示这些复杂的相互作用,我们的研究为孢子动力学提供了宝贵的见解。这些知识可为今后有关环境中孢子行为的研究提供参考,并有助于制定管理细菌聚集的策略,以达到有益的目的,如控制食品生产设备中的生物膜。
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Environmental microbiology
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