Roman A. Barco, N. Merino, B. Lam, B. Budnik, M. Kaplan, F. Wu, J. P. Amend, K. H. Nealson, D. Emerson
This study conducted a comparative proteomic analysis to identify potential genetic markers for the biological function of chemolithoautotrophic iron oxidation in the marine bacterium Ghiorsea bivora. To date, this is the only characterized species in the class Zetaproteobacteria that is not an obligate iron-oxidizer, providing a unique opportunity to investigate differential protein expression to identify key genes involved in iron-oxidation at circumneutral pH. Over 1000 proteins were identified under both iron- and hydrogen-oxidizing conditions, with differentially expressed proteins found in both treatments. Notably, a gene cluster upregulated during iron oxidation was identified. This cluster contains genes encoding for cytochromes that share sequence similarity with the known iron-oxidase, Cyc2. Interestingly, these cytochromes, conserved in both Bacteria and Archaea, do not exhibit the typical β-barrel structure of Cyc2. This cluster potentially encodes a biological nanowire-like transmembrane complex containing multiple redox proteins spanning the inner membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, and extracellular space. The upregulation of key genes associated with this complex during iron-oxidizing conditions was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. These findings were further supported by electromicrobiological methods, which demonstrated negative current production by G. bivora in a three-electrode system poised at a cathodic potential. This research provides significant insights into the biological function of chemolithoautotrophic iron oxidation.
{"title":"Comparative proteomics of a versatile, marine, iron-oxidizing chemolithoautotroph","authors":"Roman A. Barco, N. Merino, B. Lam, B. Budnik, M. Kaplan, F. Wu, J. P. Amend, K. H. Nealson, D. Emerson","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16632","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1462-2920.16632","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study conducted a comparative proteomic analysis to identify potential genetic markers for the biological function of chemolithoautotrophic iron oxidation in the marine bacterium <i>Ghiorsea bivora</i>. To date, this is the only characterized species in the class <i>Zetaproteobacteria</i> that is not an obligate iron-oxidizer, providing a unique opportunity to investigate differential protein expression to identify key genes involved in iron-oxidation at circumneutral pH. Over 1000 proteins were identified under both iron- and hydrogen-oxidizing conditions, with differentially expressed proteins found in both treatments. Notably, a gene cluster upregulated during iron oxidation was identified. This cluster contains genes encoding for cytochromes that share sequence similarity with the known iron-oxidase, Cyc2. Interestingly, these cytochromes, conserved in both Bacteria and Archaea, do not exhibit the typical β-barrel structure of Cyc2. This cluster potentially encodes a biological nanowire-like transmembrane complex containing multiple redox proteins spanning the inner membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, and extracellular space. The upregulation of key genes associated with this complex during iron-oxidizing conditions was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. These findings were further supported by electromicrobiological methods, which demonstrated negative current production by <i>G. bivora</i> in a three-electrode system poised at a cathodic potential. This research provides significant insights into the biological function of chemolithoautotrophic iron oxidation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141304725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Age Brauer, Sirli Rosendahl, Anu Kängsep, Alicja Cecylia Lewańczyk, Roger Rikberg, Rita Hõrak, Hedvig Tamman
The environmental bacterium, Pseudomonas putida, possesses a broad spectrum of metabolic pathways. This makes it highly promising for use in biotechnological production as a cell factory, as well as in bioremediation strategies to degrade various aromatic pollutants. For P. putida to flourish in its environment, it must withstand the continuous threats posed by bacteriophages. Interestingly, until now, only a handful of phages have been isolated for the commonly used laboratory strain, P. putida KT2440, and no phage defence mechanisms have been characterized. In this study, we present a new Collection of Environmental P. putida Phages from Estonia, or CEPEST. This collection comprises 67 double-stranded DNA phages, which belong to 22 phage species and 9 phage genera. Our findings reveal that most phages in the CEPEST collection are more infectious at lower temperatures, have a narrow host range, and require an intact lipopolysaccharide for P. putida infection. Furthermore, we show that cryptic prophages present in the P. putida chromosome provide strong protection against the infection of many phages. However, the chromosomal toxin–antitoxin systems do not play a role in the phage defence of P. putida. This research provides valuable insights into the interactions between P. putida and bacteriophages, which could have significant implications for biotechnological and environmental applications.
环境细菌普氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)具有广泛的代谢途径。这使它在生物技术生产中作为细胞工厂,以及在生物修复战略中降解各种芳香污染物方面大有可为。为了使 P. putida 在其生存环境中繁衍生息,它必须能够抵御噬菌体带来的持续威胁。有趣的是,到目前为止,只有少数噬菌体从常用的实验室菌株 P. putida KT2440 中分离出来,而且还没有噬菌体防御机制的特征。在本研究中,我们展示了一个新的《爱沙尼亚环境普氏菌噬菌体集》(或称 CEPEST)。该收集包括 67 个双链 DNA 噬菌体,隶属于 22 个噬菌体种和 9 个噬菌体属。我们的研究结果表明,CEPEST 收集的大多数噬菌体在较低温度下更具传染性,宿主范围较窄,并且需要完整的脂多糖才能感染普氏菌。此外,我们还发现腐生菌染色体中的隐性噬菌体对许多噬菌体的感染具有很强的保护作用。然而,染色体毒素-抗毒素系统并没有在腐生菌的噬菌体防御中发挥作用。这项研究为了解腐生菌与噬菌体之间的相互作用提供了有价值的见解,可能对生物技术和环境应用产生重大影响。
{"title":"Isolation and characterization of a phage collection against Pseudomonas putida","authors":"Age Brauer, Sirli Rosendahl, Anu Kängsep, Alicja Cecylia Lewańczyk, Roger Rikberg, Rita Hõrak, Hedvig Tamman","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16671","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1462-2920.16671","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The environmental bacterium, <i>Pseudomonas putida</i>, possesses a broad spectrum of metabolic pathways. This makes it highly promising for use in biotechnological production as a cell factory, as well as in bioremediation strategies to degrade various aromatic pollutants. For <i>P. putida</i> to flourish in its environment, it must withstand the continuous threats posed by bacteriophages. Interestingly, until now, only a handful of phages have been isolated for the commonly used laboratory strain, <i>P. putida</i> KT2440, and no phage defence mechanisms have been characterized. In this study, we present a new Collection of Environmental <i>P. putida</i> Phages from Estonia, or CEPEST. This collection comprises 67 double-stranded DNA phages, which belong to 22 phage species and 9 phage genera. Our findings reveal that most phages in the CEPEST collection are more infectious at lower temperatures, have a narrow host range, and require an intact lipopolysaccharide for <i>P. putida</i> infection. Furthermore, we show that cryptic prophages present in the <i>P. putida</i> chromosome provide strong protection against the infection of many phages. However, the chromosomal toxin–antitoxin systems do not play a role in the phage defence of <i>P. putida</i>. This research provides valuable insights into the interactions between <i>P. putida</i> and bacteriophages, which could have significant implications for biotechnological and environmental applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16671","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141305737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Doménech-Pascual, Lorena Carrasco-Barea, Frederic Gich, Judit Boadella, Zeus Freixinos Campillo, Rosa Gómez Cerezo, Andrea Butturini, Anna M. Romaní
Inland saline ecosystems suffer multiple stresses (e.g., high radiation, salinity, water scarcity) that may compromise essential ecosystem functions such as organic matter decomposition. Here, we investigated the effects of drought on microbial colonization and decomposition of Sarcocornia fruticosa woody stems across different habitats in a saline watershed: on the dry floodplain, submerged in the stream channel and at the shoreline (first submerged, then emerged). Unexpectedly, weight loss was not enhanced in the submerged stems, while decomposition process differed between habitats. On the floodplain, it was dominated by fungi and high cellulolytic activity; in submerged conditions, a diverse community of bacteria and high ligninolytic activity dominated; and, on the shoreline, enzyme activities were like submerged conditions, but with a fungal community similar to the dry conditions. Results indicate distinct degradation paths being driven by different stress factors: strong water scarcity and photodegradation in dry conditions, and high salinity and reduced oxygen in wet conditions. This suggests that fungi are more resistant to drought, and bacteria to salinity. Overall, in saline watersheds, variations in multiple stress factors exert distinct environmental filters on bacteria and fungi and their role in the decomposition of plant material, affecting carbon cycling and microbial interactions.
{"title":"Differential response of bacteria and fungi to drought on the decomposition of Sarcocornia fruticosa woody stems in a saline stream","authors":"Anna Doménech-Pascual, Lorena Carrasco-Barea, Frederic Gich, Judit Boadella, Zeus Freixinos Campillo, Rosa Gómez Cerezo, Andrea Butturini, Anna M. Romaní","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16661","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1462-2920.16661","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inland saline ecosystems suffer multiple stresses (e.g., high radiation, salinity, water scarcity) that may compromise essential ecosystem functions such as organic matter decomposition. Here, we investigated the effects of drought on microbial colonization and decomposition of <i>Sarcocornia fruticosa</i> woody stems across different habitats in a saline watershed: on the dry floodplain, submerged in the stream channel and at the shoreline (first submerged, then emerged). Unexpectedly, weight loss was not enhanced in the submerged stems, while decomposition process differed between habitats. On the floodplain, it was dominated by fungi and high cellulolytic activity; in submerged conditions, a diverse community of bacteria and high ligninolytic activity dominated; and, on the shoreline, enzyme activities were like submerged conditions, but with a fungal community similar to the dry conditions. Results indicate distinct degradation paths being driven by different stress factors: strong water scarcity and photodegradation in dry conditions, and high salinity and reduced oxygen in wet conditions. This suggests that fungi are more resistant to drought, and bacteria to salinity. Overall, in saline watersheds, variations in multiple stress factors exert distinct environmental filters on bacteria and fungi and their role in the decomposition of plant material, affecting carbon cycling and microbial interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16661","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141287983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bilge Bahar Camur, Natalia Calixto Mancipe, Brett M. Barney
Plastic pollution is a vast and increasing problem that has permeated the environment, affecting all aspects of the global food web. Plastics and microplastics have spread to soil, water bodies, and even the atmosphere due to decades of use in a wide range of applications. Plastics include a variety of materials with different properties and chemical characteristics, with polyethylene being a dominant fraction. Polyethylene is also an extremely persistent compound with slow rates of photodegradation or biodegradation. In this study, we developed a method to isolate communities of microbes capable of biodegrading a polyethylene surrogate. This method allows us to study potential polyethylene degradation over much shorter time periods. Using this method, we enriched several communities of microbes that can degrade the polyethylene surrogate within weeks. We also identified specific bacterial strains with a higher propensity to degrade compounds similar to polyethylene. We provide a description of the method, the variability and efficacy of four different communities, and key strains from these communities. This method should serve as a straightforward and adaptable tool for studying polyethylene biodegradation.
{"title":"A polyethylene surrogate for microbial community enrichment and characterization","authors":"Bilge Bahar Camur, Natalia Calixto Mancipe, Brett M. Barney","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16658","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1462-2920.16658","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plastic pollution is a vast and increasing problem that has permeated the environment, affecting all aspects of the global food web. Plastics and microplastics have spread to soil, water bodies, and even the atmosphere due to decades of use in a wide range of applications. Plastics include a variety of materials with different properties and chemical characteristics, with polyethylene being a dominant fraction. Polyethylene is also an extremely persistent compound with slow rates of photodegradation or biodegradation. In this study, we developed a method to isolate communities of microbes capable of biodegrading a polyethylene surrogate. This method allows us to study potential polyethylene degradation over much shorter time periods. Using this method, we enriched several communities of microbes that can degrade the polyethylene surrogate within weeks. We also identified specific bacterial strains with a higher propensity to degrade compounds similar to polyethylene. We provide a description of the method, the variability and efficacy of four different communities, and key strains from these communities. This method should serve as a straightforward and adaptable tool for studying polyethylene biodegradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16658","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leena Hamberg, Jarno Vanhatalo, Sannakajsa Velmala, Andy F. S. Taylor, John MacKay, Sébastien Caron, Fred O. Asiegbu, Risto Sievänen, Pasi Raumonen, Tuija Hytönen, Taina Pennanen
Our study delved into the relationship between root-associated fungi, gene expression and plant morphology in Norway spruce cuttings derived from both slow-and fast-growing trees. We found no clear link between the gene expression patterns of adventitious roots and the growth phenotype, suggesting no fundamental differences in the receptiveness to fungal symbionts between the phenotypes. Interestingly, saplings from slow-growing parental trees exhibited a higher richness of ectomycorrhizal species and larger roots. Some ectomycorrhizal species, typically found on mature spruces, were more prevalent on saplings from slow-growing spruces. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungus, Hyaloscypha hepaticola, showed a stronger association with saplings from fast-growing spruces. Moreover, saplings from slow-growing spruces had a greater number of Ascomycete taxa and free-living saprotrophic fungi. Aboveground sapling stems displayed some phenotypic variation; saplings from fast-growing phenotypes had longer branches but fewer whorls in their stems compared to those from the slow-growing group. In conclusion, the observed root-associated fungi and phenotypic characteristics in young Norway spruces may play a role in their long-term growth rate. This suggests that the early interactions between spruces and fungi could potentially influence their growth trajectory.
{"title":"The community of root fungi is associated with the growth rate of Norway spruce (Picea abies)","authors":"Leena Hamberg, Jarno Vanhatalo, Sannakajsa Velmala, Andy F. S. Taylor, John MacKay, Sébastien Caron, Fred O. Asiegbu, Risto Sievänen, Pasi Raumonen, Tuija Hytönen, Taina Pennanen","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16662","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1462-2920.16662","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our study delved into the relationship between root-associated fungi, gene expression and plant morphology in Norway spruce cuttings derived from both slow-and fast-growing trees. We found no clear link between the gene expression patterns of adventitious roots and the growth phenotype, suggesting no fundamental differences in the receptiveness to fungal symbionts between the phenotypes. Interestingly, saplings from slow-growing parental trees exhibited a higher richness of ectomycorrhizal species and larger roots. Some ectomycorrhizal species, typically found on mature spruces, were more prevalent on saplings from slow-growing spruces. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungus, <i>Hyaloscypha hepaticola</i>, showed a stronger association with saplings from fast-growing spruces. Moreover, saplings from slow-growing spruces had a greater number of Ascomycete taxa and free-living saprotrophic fungi. Aboveground sapling stems displayed some phenotypic variation; saplings from fast-growing phenotypes had longer branches but fewer whorls in their stems compared to those from the slow-growing group. In conclusion, the observed root-associated fungi and phenotypic characteristics in young Norway spruces may play a role in their long-term growth rate. This suggests that the early interactions between spruces and fungi could potentially influence their growth trajectory.</p>","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16662","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141260920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sally L. Bornbusch, Hannah E. Shinnerl, Lindsey Gentry, Mia M. Keady, Virginia Glick, Carly R. Muletz-Wolz, Michael L. Power
Milk is a complex biochemical fluid that includes macronutrients and microbiota, which, together, are known to facilitate infant growth, mediate the colonization of infant microbiomes, and promote immune development. Examining factors that shape milk microbiomes and milk-nutrient interplay across host taxa is critical to resolving the evolution of the milk environment. Using a comparative approach across four cercopithecine primate species housed at three facilities under similar management conditions, we test for the respective influences of the local environment (housing facility) and host species on milk (a) macronutrients (fat, sugar, and protein), (b) microbiomes (16S rRNA), and (c) predicted microbial functions. We found that milk macronutrients were structured according to host species, while milk microbiomes and predicted function were strongly shaped by the local environment and, to a lesser extent, host species. The milk microbiomes of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at two different facilities more closely resembled those of heterospecific facility-mates compared to conspecifics at a different facility. We found similar, facility-driven patterns of microbial functions linked to physiology and immune modulation, suggesting that milk microbiomes may influence infant health and development. These results provide novel insight into the complexity of milk and its potential impact on infants across species and environments.
{"title":"Local environment shapes milk microbiomes while evolutionary history constrains milk macronutrients in captive cercopithecine primates","authors":"Sally L. Bornbusch, Hannah E. Shinnerl, Lindsey Gentry, Mia M. Keady, Virginia Glick, Carly R. Muletz-Wolz, Michael L. Power","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16664","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1462-2920.16664","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Milk is a complex biochemical fluid that includes macronutrients and microbiota, which, together, are known to facilitate infant growth, mediate the colonization of infant microbiomes, and promote immune development. Examining factors that shape milk microbiomes and milk-nutrient interplay across host taxa is critical to resolving the evolution of the milk environment. Using a comparative approach across four cercopithecine primate species housed at three facilities under similar management conditions, we test for the respective influences of the local environment (housing facility) and host species on milk (a) macronutrients (fat, sugar, and protein), (b) microbiomes (16S rRNA), and (c) predicted microbial functions. We found that milk macronutrients were structured according to host species, while milk microbiomes and predicted function were strongly shaped by the local environment and, to a lesser extent, host species. The milk microbiomes of rhesus macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>) at two different facilities more closely resembled those of heterospecific facility-mates compared to conspecifics at a different facility. We found similar, facility-driven patterns of microbial functions linked to physiology and immune modulation, suggesting that milk microbiomes may influence infant health and development. These results provide novel insight into the complexity of milk and its potential impact on infants across species and environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristobal A. Onetto, Chris M. Ward, Steven Van Den Heuvel, Laura Hale, Kathleen Cuijvers, Anthony R. Borneman
Over 6 years, we conducted an extensive survey of spontaneous grape fermentations, examining 3105 fungal microbiomes across 14 distinct grape-growing regions. Our investigation into the biodiversity of these fermentations revealed that a small number of highly abundant genera form the core of the initial grape juice microbiome. Consistent with previous studies, we found that the region of origin had the most significant impact on microbial diversity patterns. We also discovered that certain taxa were consistently associated with specific geographical locations and grape varieties, although these taxa represented only a minor portion of the overall diversity in our dataset. Through unsupervised clustering and dimensionality reduction analysis, we identified three unique community types, each exhibiting variations in the abundance of key genera. When we projected these genera onto global branches, it suggested that microbiomes transition between these three broad community types. We further investigated the microbial community composition throughout the fermentation process. Our observations indicated that the initial microbial community composition could predict the diversity during the early stages of fermentation. Notably, Hanseniaspora uvarum emerged as the primary non-Saccharomyces species within this large collection of samples.
{"title":"Temporal and spatial dynamics within the fungal microbiome of grape fermentation","authors":"Cristobal A. Onetto, Chris M. Ward, Steven Van Den Heuvel, Laura Hale, Kathleen Cuijvers, Anthony R. Borneman","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16660","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1462-2920.16660","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over 6 years, we conducted an extensive survey of spontaneous grape fermentations, examining 3105 fungal microbiomes across 14 distinct grape-growing regions. Our investigation into the biodiversity of these fermentations revealed that a small number of highly abundant genera form the core of the initial grape juice microbiome. Consistent with previous studies, we found that the region of origin had the most significant impact on microbial diversity patterns. We also discovered that certain taxa were consistently associated with specific geographical locations and grape varieties, although these taxa represented only a minor portion of the overall diversity in our dataset. Through unsupervised clustering and dimensionality reduction analysis, we identified three unique community types, each exhibiting variations in the abundance of key genera. When we projected these genera onto global branches, it suggested that microbiomes transition between these three broad community types. We further investigated the microbial community composition throughout the fermentation process. Our observations indicated that the initial microbial community composition could predict the diversity during the early stages of fermentation. Notably, <i>Hanseniaspora uvarum</i> emerged as the primary non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> species within this large collection of samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141185457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalia Timanikova, Kyle Fletcher, Jon-Wong Han, Pieter van West, Steve Woodward, Gwang-Hoon Kim, Frithjof C. Küpper, Marius Wenzel
Seaweeds are important components of marine ecosystems with emerging potential in aquaculture and as sources of biofuel, food products and pharmacological compounds. However, an increasingly recognised threat to natural and industrial seaweed populations is infection with parasitic single-celled eukaryotes from the relatively understudied oomycete lineage. Here we examine the eukaryomes of diverse brown, red and green marine macroalgae collected from polar (Baffin Island), cold-temperate (Falkland Islands) and tropical (Ascension Island) locations, with a focus on oomycete and closely related diatom taxa. Using 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we show unexpected genetic and taxonomic diversity of the eukaryomes, a strong broad-brush association between eukaryome composition and geographic location, and some evidence of association between eukaryome structure and macroalgal phylogenetic relationships (phylosymbiosis). However, the oomycete fraction of the eukaryome showed disparate patterns of diversity and structure, highlighting much weaker association with geography and no evidence of phylosymbiosis. We present several novel haplotypes of the most common oomycete Eurychasma dicksonii and report for the first time a cosmopolitan distribution and absence of host specificity of this important pathogen. This indicates rich diversity in macroalgal oomycete pathogens and highlights that these pathogens may be generalist and highly adaptable to diverse environmental conditions.
{"title":"Macroalgal eukaryotic microbiome composition indicates novel phylogenetic diversity and broad host spectrum of oomycete pathogens","authors":"Natalia Timanikova, Kyle Fletcher, Jon-Wong Han, Pieter van West, Steve Woodward, Gwang-Hoon Kim, Frithjof C. Küpper, Marius Wenzel","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16656","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1462-2920.16656","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seaweeds are important components of marine ecosystems with emerging potential in aquaculture and as sources of biofuel, food products and pharmacological compounds. However, an increasingly recognised threat to natural and industrial seaweed populations is infection with parasitic single-celled eukaryotes from the relatively understudied oomycete lineage. Here we examine the eukaryomes of diverse brown, red and green marine macroalgae collected from polar (Baffin Island), cold-temperate (Falkland Islands) and tropical (Ascension Island) locations, with a focus on oomycete and closely related diatom taxa. Using 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we show unexpected genetic and taxonomic diversity of the eukaryomes, a strong broad-brush association between eukaryome composition and geographic location, and some evidence of association between eukaryome structure and macroalgal phylogenetic relationships (phylosymbiosis). However, the oomycete fraction of the eukaryome showed disparate patterns of diversity and structure, highlighting much weaker association with geography and no evidence of phylosymbiosis. We present several novel haplotypes of the most common oomycete <i>Eurychasma dicksonii</i> and report for the first time a cosmopolitan distribution and absence of host specificity of this important pathogen. This indicates rich diversity in macroalgal oomycete pathogens and highlights that these pathogens may be generalist and highly adaptable to diverse environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16656","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141179103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phuong N. Nguyen, Farida Samad-zada, Katherine D. Chau, Sandra M. Rehan
The health of bees can be assessed through their microbiome, which serves as a biomarker indicating the presence of both beneficial and harmful microorganisms within a bee community. This study presents the characterisation of the bacterial, fungal, and plant composition on the cuticle of adult bicoloured sweat bees (Agapostemon virescens). These bees were collected using various methods such as pan traps, blue vane traps and sweep netting across the northern extent of their habitat range. Non-destructive methods were employed to extract DNA from the whole pinned specimens of these wild bees. Metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA, ITS and rbcL regions was then performed. The study found that the method of collection influenced the detection of certain microbial and plant taxa. Among the collection methods, sweep net samples showed the lowest fungal alpha diversity. However, minor differences in bacterial or fungal beta diversity suggest that no single method is significantly superior to others. Therefore, a combination of techniques can cater to a broader spectrum of microbial detection. The study also revealed regional variations in bacterial, fungal and plant diversity. The core microbiome of A. virescens comprises two bacteria, three fungi and a plant association, all of which are commonly detected in other wild bees. These core microbes remained consistent across different collection methods and locations. Further extensive studies of wild bee microbiomes across various species and landscapes will help uncover crucial relationships between pollinator health and their environment.
{"title":"Microbiome and floral associations of a wild bee using biodiversity survey collections","authors":"Phuong N. Nguyen, Farida Samad-zada, Katherine D. Chau, Sandra M. Rehan","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16657","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1462-2920.16657","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The health of bees can be assessed through their microbiome, which serves as a biomarker indicating the presence of both beneficial and harmful microorganisms within a bee community. This study presents the characterisation of the bacterial, fungal, and plant composition on the cuticle of adult bicoloured sweat bees (<i>Agapostemon virescens</i>). These bees were collected using various methods such as pan traps, blue vane traps and sweep netting across the northern extent of their habitat range. Non-destructive methods were employed to extract DNA from the whole pinned specimens of these wild bees. Metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA, ITS and rbcL regions was then performed. The study found that the method of collection influenced the detection of certain microbial and plant taxa. Among the collection methods, sweep net samples showed the lowest fungal alpha diversity. However, minor differences in bacterial or fungal beta diversity suggest that no single method is significantly superior to others. Therefore, a combination of techniques can cater to a broader spectrum of microbial detection. The study also revealed regional variations in bacterial, fungal and plant diversity. The core microbiome of <i>A. virescens</i> comprises two bacteria, three fungi and a plant association, all of which are commonly detected in other wild bees. These core microbes remained consistent across different collection methods and locations. Further extensive studies of wild bee microbiomes across various species and landscapes will help uncover crucial relationships between pollinator health and their environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16657","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141179041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Einar Martínez-de la Parte, Luis Pérez-Vicente, David E. Torres, Anouk van Westerhoven, Harold J. G. Meijer, Michael F. Seidl, Gert H. J. Kema
Fusarium wilt of bananas (FWB) is a severe plant disease that leads to substantial losses in banana production worldwide. It remains a major concern for Cuban banana cultivation. The disease is caused by members of the soil-borne Fusarium oxysporum species complex. However, the genetic diversity among Fusarium species infecting bananas in Cuba has remained largely unexplored. In our comprehensive survey, we examined symptomatic banana plants across all production zones in the country, collecting 170 Fusarium isolates. Leveraging genotyping-by-sequencing and whole-genome comparisons, we investigated the genetic diversity within these isolates and compared it with a global Fusarium panel. Notably, typical FWB symptoms were observed in Bluggoe cooking bananas and Pisang Awak subgroups across 14 provinces. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that F. purpurascens, F. phialophorum, and F. tardichlamydosporum are responsible for FWB in Cuba, with F. tardichlamydosporum dominating the population. Furthermore, we identified between five and seven distinct genetic clusters, with F. tardichlamydosporum isolates forming at least two subgroups. This finding underscores the high genetic diversity of Fusarium spp. contributing to FWB in the Americas. Our study sheds light on the population genetic structure and diversity of the FWB pathogen in Cuba and the broader Latin American and Caribbean regions.
香蕉镰刀菌枯萎病(FWB)是一种严重的植物病害,导致全球香蕉生产遭受重大损失。它仍然是古巴香蕉种植的一个主要问题。香蕉枯萎病是由土壤传播的 Fusarium oxysporum 复合菌种引起的。然而,古巴香蕉所感染的镰刀菌种之间的遗传多样性在很大程度上仍未得到探索。在我们的全面调查中,我们检查了古巴所有生产区有症状的香蕉植株,收集了 170 个镰刀菌分离株。通过基因分型测序和全基因组比较,我们研究了这些分离株的遗传多样性,并将其与全球镰刀菌样本进行了比较。值得注意的是,在 14 个省的 Bluggoe 烹饪香蕉和 Pisang Awak 亚群中观察到了典型的 FWB 症状。我们的系统发育分析表明,F. purpurascens、F. phialophorum 和 F. tardichlamydosporum 是古巴 FWB 的罪魁祸首,其中 F. tardichlamydosporum 在种群中占主导地位。此外,我们还发现了五到七个不同的基因群,其中 F. tardichlamydosporum 分离物至少形成了两个亚群。这一发现强调了造成美洲 FWB 的镰刀菌属的高度遗传多样性。我们的研究揭示了古巴以及更广泛的拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的 FWB 病原体的种群遗传结构和多样性。
{"title":"Genetic diversity of the banana Fusarium wilt pathogen in Cuba and across Latin America and the Caribbean","authors":"Einar Martínez-de la Parte, Luis Pérez-Vicente, David E. Torres, Anouk van Westerhoven, Harold J. G. Meijer, Michael F. Seidl, Gert H. J. Kema","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16636","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1462-2920.16636","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fusarium wilt of bananas (FWB) is a severe plant disease that leads to substantial losses in banana production worldwide. It remains a major concern for Cuban banana cultivation. The disease is caused by members of the soil-borne <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> species complex. However, the genetic diversity among <i>Fusarium</i> species infecting bananas in Cuba has remained largely unexplored. In our comprehensive survey, we examined symptomatic banana plants across all production zones in the country, collecting 170 <i>Fusarium</i> isolates. Leveraging genotyping-by-sequencing and whole-genome comparisons, we investigated the genetic diversity within these isolates and compared it with a global <i>Fusarium</i> panel. Notably, typical FWB symptoms were observed in Bluggoe cooking bananas and Pisang Awak subgroups across 14 provinces. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that <i>F. purpurascens</i>, <i>F. phialophorum</i>, and <i>F. tardichlamydosporum</i> are responsible for FWB in Cuba, with <i>F. tardichlamydosporum</i> dominating the population. Furthermore, we identified between five and seven distinct genetic clusters, with <i>F. tardichlamydosporum</i> isolates forming at least two subgroups. This finding underscores the high genetic diversity of <i>Fusarium</i> spp. contributing to FWB in the Americas. Our study sheds light on the population genetic structure and diversity of the FWB pathogen in Cuba and the broader Latin American and Caribbean regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}