Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.815390
M. Matijasevic, D. Gračanin, K. Valavanis, I. Lovrek
A framework for multi-user distributed virtual environments (VEs) is proposed. The proposed framework, incorporating the functional and the interconnection models, attempts to represent common functionality communication issues, and requirements found in distributed multi-user VEs. The functional model concentrates in the distributed VE functionality, while the interconnection model concentrates in how the components are interconnected to realize the required functionality. The models have been specified using the unified modeling language. A telerobotics application case study, implemented based on distributed simulation and virtual reality standards, demonstrates the applicability and generality of this approach.
{"title":"A framework for multi-user distributed virtual environments: a telerobotics application","authors":"M. Matijasevic, D. Gračanin, K. Valavanis, I. Lovrek","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.815390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.815390","url":null,"abstract":"A framework for multi-user distributed virtual environments (VEs) is proposed. The proposed framework, incorporating the functional and the interconnection models, attempts to represent common functionality communication issues, and requirements found in distributed multi-user VEs. The functional model concentrates in the distributed VE functionality, while the interconnection model concentrates in how the components are interconnected to realize the required functionality. The models have been specified using the unified modeling language. A telerobotics application case study, implemented based on distributed simulation and virtual reality standards, demonstrates the applicability and generality of this approach.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132859699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.813118
J. Arasa, S. Royo, M. Vera
A robust non-contact technique for performing topographic measurements on reflective concave surfaces is presented, allowing the measurement of submicrometric features of the surfaces under test. The advantages of a non-contact optical technique are combined with a robustness to environmental alterations (no vibration isolated mounts, tolerance to the positioning of the sample) which makes it an optical inspection technique specially fit for inclusion in automated industrial outlines. Results are provided for surfaces of polished ophthalmic lenses, showing the ability of the technique to be applied in precision quality control tasks of any reflective concave surface.
{"title":"Concave reflective surfaces topographic inspection using robust non-contact techniques","authors":"J. Arasa, S. Royo, M. Vera","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.813118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.813118","url":null,"abstract":"A robust non-contact technique for performing topographic measurements on reflective concave surfaces is presented, allowing the measurement of submicrometric features of the surfaces under test. The advantages of a non-contact optical technique are combined with a robustness to environmental alterations (no vibration isolated mounts, tolerance to the positioning of the sample) which makes it an optical inspection technique specially fit for inclusion in automated industrial outlines. Results are provided for surfaces of polished ophthalmic lenses, showing the ability of the technique to be applied in precision quality control tasks of any reflective concave surface.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124393235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.813158
Y. Ikkai, J. Goossenaerts, N. Komoda
In a supply chain, a slight change of management strategy in one company largely affects the effectiveness of the chain as a whole. In particular, when companies generate product families, the relationships between companies are very complex, so it is difficult to analyse them mathematically. We propose a modelling and simulation method to analyse a product-family supply chain for business process reengineering. By modelling the workflow and transport independently, the structure of the supply chain is expressed. From the simulation results, the various criteria (e.g. stock level, response time, etc.) can be calculated.
{"title":"A simulation method for evaluating product family supply chain","authors":"Y. Ikkai, J. Goossenaerts, N. Komoda","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.813158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.813158","url":null,"abstract":"In a supply chain, a slight change of management strategy in one company largely affects the effectiveness of the chain as a whole. In particular, when companies generate product families, the relationships between companies are very complex, so it is difficult to analyse them mathematically. We propose a modelling and simulation method to analyse a product-family supply chain for business process reengineering. By modelling the workflow and transport independently, the structure of the supply chain is expressed. From the simulation results, the various criteria (e.g. stock level, response time, etc.) can be calculated.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124555419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.813101
I.D. Blanco, A.B. Diez Gonzalez, A.A. Cuadrado Vega, J. E. Enguita González
Self-organizing map trajectory interpolation using radial basis functions is proposed for process condition monitoring. Self-organizing maps are a powerful means to visualize the state of a process. However, a quantization process takes place when input vectors are mapped onto the grid (output) space. The discrete nature of the output space gives rise to a considerable loss of information which is particularly harmful to detect incipient faults which are often revealed by drifts or slight changes in the state trajectory. A continuous projection from the input space onto the SOM grid space using RBF-based interpolation is proposed and tested with experimental data.
{"title":"RBF approach for trajectory interpolation in self-organizing map based condition monitoring","authors":"I.D. Blanco, A.B. Diez Gonzalez, A.A. Cuadrado Vega, J. E. Enguita González","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.813101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.813101","url":null,"abstract":"Self-organizing map trajectory interpolation using radial basis functions is proposed for process condition monitoring. Self-organizing maps are a powerful means to visualize the state of a process. However, a quantization process takes place when input vectors are mapped onto the grid (output) space. The discrete nature of the output space gives rise to a considerable loss of information which is particularly harmful to detect incipient faults which are often revealed by drifts or slight changes in the state trajectory. A continuous projection from the input space onto the SOM grid space using RBF-based interpolation is proposed and tested with experimental data.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"352 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124458077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.813112
M. Fanti, B. Turchiano
The high degree of resource sharing in flexible manufacturing systems can lead to deadlock situations. We model the concurrent execution of working processes through colored Petri nets and we implement some effective deadlock avoidance policies in the same framework. Control places impose restrictions on the transition firing on the basis of the current marking and a look-ahead procedure of only one step.
{"title":"Deadlock avoidance policies applied to flexible manufacturing systems modelled by colored Petri nets","authors":"M. Fanti, B. Turchiano","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.813112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.813112","url":null,"abstract":"The high degree of resource sharing in flexible manufacturing systems can lead to deadlock situations. We model the concurrent execution of working processes through colored Petri nets and we implement some effective deadlock avoidance policies in the same framework. Control places impose restrictions on the transition firing on the basis of the current marking and a look-ahead procedure of only one step.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124504828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.815403
T. Bastos-Filho, M. Sarcinelli-Filho, R. Freitas
This paper proposes an external sensing system based on a multisensor integration scheme that includes a ring of sixteen ultrasonic transducers and a single CCD camera. This system is supposed to be installed onboard a mobile robot to give it the capability of recognizing obstacles present in its path. The system operation is described, and examples of object recognition are presented. How this sensing system can be inserted in agent-based control architectures is also exemplified. Features like the non-intensive onboard computation and the low image-acquiring rate associated to the proposed sensing system are emphasized. As a conclusion, it is claimed that the system proposed is a very powerful one to help the robot to make a decision on how to navigate when facing a certain obstacle.
{"title":"A multi-sensorial integration scheme to help mobile robot navigation through obstacle recognition","authors":"T. Bastos-Filho, M. Sarcinelli-Filho, R. Freitas","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.815403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.815403","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an external sensing system based on a multisensor integration scheme that includes a ring of sixteen ultrasonic transducers and a single CCD camera. This system is supposed to be installed onboard a mobile robot to give it the capability of recognizing obstacles present in its path. The system operation is described, and examples of object recognition are presented. How this sensing system can be inserted in agent-based control architectures is also exemplified. Features like the non-intensive onboard computation and the low image-acquiring rate associated to the proposed sensing system are emphasized. As a conclusion, it is claimed that the system proposed is a very powerful one to help the robot to make a decision on how to navigate when facing a certain obstacle.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127164764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.813132
M. Zerra, M. Esteve, C. Palau, J. C. Guerri
There has been increasing interest in the industry for the development of new technologies where real time systems could improve the quality of products and provide cost savings. Hence, a monitoring system is needed with real time constraints. Manufacturing is one of the fields in which more technological improvements have emerged during the last few years, with special interest in integrated manufacturing and real time information systems development. Market forces and the acceptance of Windows NT in industrial applications make it a good choice. Our monitoring system for the tile manufacturing industry has been designed and programmed using standard off-the-shelf tools obtaining several advantages over embedded SCADA tools such as: great flexibility, easy-to-handle data interface adding control of processes or systems supervision, and remote interconnection facilities. The results of the above study should provide system designers with guidelines into the design of real time applications, especially monitoring or data acquisition, supported by NT.
{"title":"Design and development of an industrial monitoring system using Windows NT as a real-time operating system","authors":"M. Zerra, M. Esteve, C. Palau, J. C. Guerri","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.813132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.813132","url":null,"abstract":"There has been increasing interest in the industry for the development of new technologies where real time systems could improve the quality of products and provide cost savings. Hence, a monitoring system is needed with real time constraints. Manufacturing is one of the fields in which more technological improvements have emerged during the last few years, with special interest in integrated manufacturing and real time information systems development. Market forces and the acceptance of Windows NT in industrial applications make it a good choice. Our monitoring system for the tile manufacturing industry has been designed and programmed using standard off-the-shelf tools obtaining several advantages over embedded SCADA tools such as: great flexibility, easy-to-handle data interface adding control of processes or systems supervision, and remote interconnection facilities. The results of the above study should provide system designers with guidelines into the design of real time applications, especially monitoring or data acquisition, supported by NT.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"22 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129052274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.813091
Yaodong Wang, N. Funakubo
In this paper, we present some new methods for high performance of geometric primitives detection using a genetic algorithm (GA). At first, we describe the detection algorithm based on minimal subset and improvement of fitness function of geometric primitives. Secondly, we analyze the structure of minimal subsets and its probability properties in a digital image, and we improved the probability of primitive detection by reducing the invalid parts. Thirdly, we mention the subpixel measurement technique that makes edge location highly accurate, thereby increasing the accuracy of primitives by replacing the minimal subset with their subpixels. Finally, we present a method to simultaneously detect several primitives using the equivalence genes which are regarded as the set of points on a primitive; it has some excellent functions such as observation of convergence, promotion of convergence, confirmation of convergence and maintenance of multiple subpopulations.
{"title":"High-performance of geometric primitives detection usinig genetic algorithm","authors":"Yaodong Wang, N. Funakubo","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.813091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.813091","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present some new methods for high performance of geometric primitives detection using a genetic algorithm (GA). At first, we describe the detection algorithm based on minimal subset and improvement of fitness function of geometric primitives. Secondly, we analyze the structure of minimal subsets and its probability properties in a digital image, and we improved the probability of primitive detection by reducing the invalid parts. Thirdly, we mention the subpixel measurement technique that makes edge location highly accurate, thereby increasing the accuracy of primitives by replacing the minimal subset with their subpixels. Finally, we present a method to simultaneously detect several primitives using the equivalence genes which are regarded as the set of points on a primitive; it has some excellent functions such as observation of convergence, promotion of convergence, confirmation of convergence and maintenance of multiple subpopulations.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"24 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131304840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.815366
M. Hawa, A. Ortiz, L. Ros, F. Lario
Enterprise integration (EI) proposals have provided a methodological and architectural framework for the improvement of enterprises, broadening the scope, vision and achievements of traditional CIM approaches. However, their application in real-world enterprises has often not lead to the expected results, and their acceptance by business users and vendors is still a pending issue. One reason that explains this situation is the wrong understanding of El as a one-time effort and the lack of both inherent and practical support for continuous improvement (CI) in many of the existing proposals. GeMM (generic methodology model), defined within the ongoing Matiis (methodology-architecture-tools for the engineering of integrating infrastructures) R&D initiative, is a structured methodological framework which intends to: (1) give the business user a structured view of all the involved methodological concepts and elements, (2) provide him/her with a template from which a particular user specific methodology can be derived, and (3) enable computer-oriented support for the derivation process and for the application of a specific methodology. Within GeMM, CI issues have been analysed and the proposal has been designed to address them. Thereby, GeMM provides constructs to support the achievement of CI in an enterprise. It is also implemented as an OMG IDL API and a CAEE prototype tool built upon this API. Therefore it also enables the practical CAEE-oriented application of CI in a real-world enterprise.
{"title":"Toward continuous enterprise improvement: analysis and supporting mechanisms in the GeMM (generic methodology model) proposal","authors":"M. Hawa, A. Ortiz, L. Ros, F. Lario","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.815366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.815366","url":null,"abstract":"Enterprise integration (EI) proposals have provided a methodological and architectural framework for the improvement of enterprises, broadening the scope, vision and achievements of traditional CIM approaches. However, their application in real-world enterprises has often not lead to the expected results, and their acceptance by business users and vendors is still a pending issue. One reason that explains this situation is the wrong understanding of El as a one-time effort and the lack of both inherent and practical support for continuous improvement (CI) in many of the existing proposals. GeMM (generic methodology model), defined within the ongoing Matiis (methodology-architecture-tools for the engineering of integrating infrastructures) R&D initiative, is a structured methodological framework which intends to: (1) give the business user a structured view of all the involved methodological concepts and elements, (2) provide him/her with a template from which a particular user specific methodology can be derived, and (3) enable computer-oriented support for the derivation process and for the application of a specific methodology. Within GeMM, CI issues have been analysed and the proposal has been designed to address them. Thereby, GeMM provides constructs to support the achievement of CI in an enterprise. It is also implemented as an OMG IDL API and a CAEE prototype tool built upon this API. Therefore it also enables the practical CAEE-oriented application of CI in a real-world enterprise.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123239558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.813129
E.G. Dolcet, J. Fuertes
The technology used in process automation is evolving towards distributed control systems, both as physical and functional characteristics and structures. In this paper, we present a prototype oriented to distributed process control with a set of special characteristics: low computational load, low requirements of bit rate, medium reliability and very low cost. A system based on general purpose microcontrollers can support the communications system and specific application load. In a larger volume of production of these systems, the software is the element that helps to reduce the cost of the system. This is the reason to design a distributed control system in which every possible function has been developed by software. Finally, an analysis has been done to evaluate the real limitations.
{"title":"Low cost distributed control system with protocol implemented by software","authors":"E.G. Dolcet, J. Fuertes","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.813129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.813129","url":null,"abstract":"The technology used in process automation is evolving towards distributed control systems, both as physical and functional characteristics and structures. In this paper, we present a prototype oriented to distributed process control with a set of special characteristics: low computational load, low requirements of bit rate, medium reliability and very low cost. A system based on general purpose microcontrollers can support the communications system and specific application load. In a larger volume of production of these systems, the software is the element that helps to reduce the cost of the system. This is the reason to design a distributed control system in which every possible function has been developed by software. Finally, an analysis has been done to evaluate the real limitations.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122566745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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