Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.813135
J. L. Azevedo, Jocilane Pereira de Oliveira
Some implementation aspects of the Grafcet macro-action concept are presented. Firstly, two different interpretation algorithms are discussed, each of them observing the evolution rules specified by the Grafcet standard, but leading to different results. After that, an algorithm developed to validate the coherence of the macro-actions of the global Grafcet is presented. Finally, some details regarding code generation of the Grafcet evolution system are discussed.
{"title":"The Grafcet's macro-action concept: an implementation view","authors":"J. L. Azevedo, Jocilane Pereira de Oliveira","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.813135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.813135","url":null,"abstract":"Some implementation aspects of the Grafcet macro-action concept are presented. Firstly, two different interpretation algorithms are discussed, each of them observing the evolution rules specified by the Grafcet standard, but leading to different results. After that, an algorithm developed to validate the coherence of the macro-actions of the global Grafcet is presented. Finally, some details regarding code generation of the Grafcet evolution system are discussed.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124061428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.813123
D. Linkens, M. F. Abbod, A. Browne
A blackboard for integrated intelligent control systems (BIICS) software architecture has been developed. The system is designed to simultaneously support multiple heterogeneous intelligent paradigms, such as neural networks, expert systems, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms. It is shown how such paradigms are assimilated into the software architecture. This paper describes the BIICS system as it utilises intelligent control techniques (neuro-fuzzy and genetic optimisation) for controlling a cryogenic plant used for superconductor testing by cooling the test samples to temperatures below 100 K.
{"title":"Blackboard architecture for intelligent control system","authors":"D. Linkens, M. F. Abbod, A. Browne","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.813123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.813123","url":null,"abstract":"A blackboard for integrated intelligent control systems (BIICS) software architecture has been developed. The system is designed to simultaneously support multiple heterogeneous intelligent paradigms, such as neural networks, expert systems, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms. It is shown how such paradigms are assimilated into the software architecture. This paper describes the BIICS system as it utilises intelligent control techniques (neuro-fuzzy and genetic optimisation) for controlling a cryogenic plant used for superconductor testing by cooling the test samples to temperatures below 100 K.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124220696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.813087
J. Lores, A. Prat, X. Sirera, X. Macarro
There has been increasing interest in agent technology development. Agent systems have been applied to many areas and they has been considered as an important approach for developing industrial distributed systems. The authors consider the use of multi-agent systems in industry for the development of real-world applications.
{"title":"Re-engineering software components in agent based architecture","authors":"J. Lores, A. Prat, X. Sirera, X. Macarro","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.813087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.813087","url":null,"abstract":"There has been increasing interest in agent technology development. Agent systems have been applied to many areas and they has been considered as an important approach for developing industrial distributed systems. The authors consider the use of multi-agent systems in industry for the development of real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127744607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.813084
Young Shin Kim, H. Park, W. Kwon
This paper suggests an architecture for the robot control system that is based on a network. The main advantage of the architecture is that the weight of the control system is far lighter and the size of the control system is far smaller. In addition the cabling cost and the maintenance effort can be drastically reduced. The effect of communication latency on control is considered.
{"title":"An architecture for a network based robot control system","authors":"Young Shin Kim, H. Park, W. Kwon","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.813084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.813084","url":null,"abstract":"This paper suggests an architecture for the robot control system that is based on a network. The main advantage of the architecture is that the weight of the control system is far lighter and the size of the control system is far smaller. In addition the cabling cost and the maintenance effort can be drastically reduced. The effect of communication latency on control is considered.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128425948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.813137
M. Rihar, G. Godena
The specification process for advanced industrial process control systems should be conducted by means of a methodology that takes into consideration the specification of control functions and the system architecture. For the domain of industrial process control by PLCs, we have implemented the automation of the specification process within a pragmatic low-cost and easy to use CASE environment, comprising commercial computer tools extended by a dedicated software. Such an environment makes possible domain-oriented non-redundant data entry, automatic data expansion and transfer into the CASE tool repository, and remains an advantage of CASE tool generic functions.
{"title":"Automation of specification process for PLC control systems software","authors":"M. Rihar, G. Godena","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.813137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.813137","url":null,"abstract":"The specification process for advanced industrial process control systems should be conducted by means of a methodology that takes into consideration the specification of control functions and the system architecture. For the domain of industrial process control by PLCs, we have implemented the automation of the specification process within a pragmatic low-cost and easy to use CASE environment, comprising commercial computer tools extended by a dedicated software. Such an environment makes possible domain-oriented non-redundant data entry, automatic data expansion and transfer into the CASE tool repository, and remains an advantage of CASE tool generic functions.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115558071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.815345
J. Ureña, J.J. Garcia, E. Bueno, M. Mazo, A. Hernández, J.C. Carlos, V. Diaz
The paper presents the architecture adopted for an ultrasonic system mounted on a powered wheelchair, from both an electronic and mechanical perspective. It also includes the measurement and basic processing strategy used for the ultrasonic echoes received. The system's most outstanding characteristics are: low cost, easy installation on any standard wheelchair (taking up little space), total modularity, standard communications via a Lonworks bus, absolute transducer configurability (to emit or receive at any instant), extremely reduced environment scanning time and real time data processing using a DSP card.
{"title":"New sonar configuration for a powered wheelchair","authors":"J. Ureña, J.J. Garcia, E. Bueno, M. Mazo, A. Hernández, J.C. Carlos, V. Diaz","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.815345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.815345","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the architecture adopted for an ultrasonic system mounted on a powered wheelchair, from both an electronic and mechanical perspective. It also includes the measurement and basic processing strategy used for the ultrasonic echoes received. The system's most outstanding characteristics are: low cost, easy installation on any standard wheelchair (taking up little space), total modularity, standard communications via a Lonworks bus, absolute transducer configurability (to emit or receive at any instant), extremely reduced environment scanning time and real time data processing using a DSP card.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"337 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115773529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.815376
L. F. Chaves, L. Pereira, A. Manzoni, P. Spiller, J.C. Lima
Describes the design and construction of an autonomous vehicle having the important characteristics of versatility, portability and low cost. Additionally, the vehicle's mechanical and electronic features permit rapid prototyping and validation of new control and navigation algorithms. In this context, all information processing is based on a personal computer, using the parallel communication interface to acquire and export real time data. In general, such an interface enables different kinds of actuators and transducers to be managed without additional electronic hardware.
{"title":"An alternative architecture to validate navigation and control strategies for autonomous vehicles","authors":"L. F. Chaves, L. Pereira, A. Manzoni, P. Spiller, J.C. Lima","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.815376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.815376","url":null,"abstract":"Describes the design and construction of an autonomous vehicle having the important characteristics of versatility, portability and low cost. Additionally, the vehicle's mechanical and electronic features permit rapid prototyping and validation of new control and navigation algorithms. In this context, all information processing is based on a personal computer, using the parallel communication interface to acquire and export real time data. In general, such an interface enables different kinds of actuators and transducers to be managed without additional electronic hardware.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126627973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.813142
A. Tsuchiya, Y. Ikkai, N. Komoda
Production plants have been complicated by the diversification of products. In order to control complicated production plants, distributed process control is a powerful approach. In the development of a distributed process control system, it is difficult to develop its software because distributed controllers complicatedly interact with each other. For that reason, the function block model, which is the specification language for distributed process control logic, is being standardized in IEC61499-1. A distributed process control programming tool for function block description is proposed. It is possible to describe control programs hierarchically by using function blocks. The GUI of this tool supplies multi-windows which can simultaneously display function blocks on different hierarchical levels. In this tool, inputted programs can also be verified by a simulation. This tool is applied to the control program description of an automatic carrier system. It has been confirmed that the control program is completely described and simulated by using this tool.
{"title":"Development of a distributed process control programming tool for function block description","authors":"A. Tsuchiya, Y. Ikkai, N. Komoda","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.813142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.813142","url":null,"abstract":"Production plants have been complicated by the diversification of products. In order to control complicated production plants, distributed process control is a powerful approach. In the development of a distributed process control system, it is difficult to develop its software because distributed controllers complicatedly interact with each other. For that reason, the function block model, which is the specification language for distributed process control logic, is being standardized in IEC61499-1. A distributed process control programming tool for function block description is proposed. It is possible to describe control programs hierarchically by using function blocks. The GUI of this tool supplies multi-windows which can simultaneously display function blocks on different hierarchical levels. In this tool, inputted programs can also be verified by a simulation. This tool is applied to the control program description of an automatic carrier system. It has been confirmed that the control program is completely described and simulated by using this tool.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126769648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.813131
J. Rull, A. Sudria, J. Bergas, S. Galceran
The paper presents a dedicated hardware interfacing an optical incremental encoder and DSP-controlled motion system. Different velocity sensing techniques and methods are discussed. One of them is chosen and implemented, fulfilling the main objectives proposed. The first objective is to reserve the computational power of the DSP for control tasks, avoiding the processor's use for sensing tasks like velocity sensing. The second objective is to get the maximum accuracy over a wide velocity range. There are two error sources: quantification effects due the digital system and errors in the encoder channels due to encoder mechanical and/or electronic imperfections. Both error sources have been considered, obtaining an improved accuracy compared with other actual methods based only on quantification effect reduction.
{"title":"Programmable logic design for an encoder-based velocity sensor in a DSP-controlled motion system","authors":"J. Rull, A. Sudria, J. Bergas, S. Galceran","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.813131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.813131","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a dedicated hardware interfacing an optical incremental encoder and DSP-controlled motion system. Different velocity sensing techniques and methods are discussed. One of them is chosen and implemented, fulfilling the main objectives proposed. The first objective is to reserve the computational power of the DSP for control tasks, avoiding the processor's use for sensing tasks like velocity sensing. The second objective is to get the maximum accuracy over a wide velocity range. There are two error sources: quantification effects due the digital system and errors in the encoder channels due to encoder mechanical and/or electronic imperfections. Both error sources have been considered, obtaining an improved accuracy compared with other actual methods based only on quantification effect reduction.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121643176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-18DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.815408
Marcos A. Rodrigues, Yonghuai Liu
Recent developments in computer vision and pattern recognition have enabled the development of sophisticated vision-based quality control systems for automatic inspection. We present a new geometrical analysis of rigid body transformation parameters from properties of reflected correspondence vectors. Based on this analysis, we propose a novel algorithm to calibrate transformation parameters of 3D objects in a fast production line of filter components. The algorithm performs a rigidity analysis from range images acquired from two cameras, making full use of distance and angle information providing a closed form solution to all parameters of interest. The method is used in conjunction with a decision support system where components falling outside specified thresholds are to be rejected. For a comparative study of algorithm performance, we also implemented a well known procedure for rigidity analysis based on quaternions. Experimental results demonstrate that our novel algorithm has a number of advantages over the quaternion method and that its performance is superior or similar to the quaternion method.
{"title":"Rigidity analysis from range image data for automatic inspection of filter components","authors":"Marcos A. Rodrigues, Yonghuai Liu","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.1999.815408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.1999.815408","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments in computer vision and pattern recognition have enabled the development of sophisticated vision-based quality control systems for automatic inspection. We present a new geometrical analysis of rigid body transformation parameters from properties of reflected correspondence vectors. Based on this analysis, we propose a novel algorithm to calibrate transformation parameters of 3D objects in a fast production line of filter components. The algorithm performs a rigidity analysis from range images acquired from two cameras, making full use of distance and angle information providing a closed form solution to all parameters of interest. The method is used in conjunction with a decision support system where components falling outside specified thresholds are to be rejected. For a comparative study of algorithm performance, we also implemented a well known procedure for rigidity analysis based on quaternions. Experimental results demonstrate that our novel algorithm has a number of advantages over the quaternion method and that its performance is superior or similar to the quaternion method.","PeriodicalId":119106,"journal":{"name":"1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings ETFA '99 (Cat. No.99TH8467)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121982864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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