Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501225
R. Kole
As digital signal processors (DSPs) become more powerful and less expensive, they are being used in increasing numbers in electronic devices. In applications such as communications, DSPs have become an essential component for the cost-effective processing of real world data. They are also used heavily in modems, sound cards, imaging systems, disk drive controllers, etc. This paper examines some of the unique characteristics of DSPs, discusses the inadequacies of the C programming language in describing signal processing algorithms and describes techniques which allow compilers to be used efficiently for DSP programming. Finally, performance measurement data is presented to show the results of our work.
{"title":"The impact of language extensions on DSP programming","authors":"R. Kole","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501225","url":null,"abstract":"As digital signal processors (DSPs) become more powerful and less expensive, they are being used in increasing numbers in electronic devices. In applications such as communications, DSPs have become an essential component for the cost-effective processing of real world data. They are also used heavily in modems, sound cards, imaging systems, disk drive controllers, etc. This paper examines some of the unique characteristics of DSPs, discusses the inadequacies of the C programming language in describing signal processing algorithms and describes techniques which allow compilers to be used efficiently for DSP programming. Finally, performance measurement data is presented to show the results of our work.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133758174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501203
T. Baird, W. Bush
The spectacular growth of cellular telephone networks has proven the ubiquitous demand for personal communications. Large regions of the world are too sparsely populated to be economically served by terrestrial cellular communications and geography frequently prohibits the installation of terrestrial networks. Furthermore, there are also many regions of the world which lack a basic telecommunications infrastructure, whether wireline or wireless. The Odyssey System is an economical approach for providing high quality, wireless, communications services worldwide via satellites. A constellation of 12 satellites will be orbited in three planes, each inclined at fifty degrees, at an altitude of 10,354 km (5591 nautical miles) to provide seamless coverage of the globe. The Odyssey orbit lends itself to high line-of-sight elevation angles that minimize obstructions by terrain, trees and buildings. Each satellite generates a multibeam antenna pattern that divides its coverage area into a set of contiguous cells. The communications system architecture employs spread spectrum CDMA on both the uplinks and the downlinks which optimize the use of the mobile link spectrum. Signal processing is accomplished on the ground at the satellites' earth stations. The satellites' "bent pipe" transponders simplify the space segment design and provide the flexibility to exploit future enhancements in vocoder and waveform technologies. The ground network will employ a minimum of earth stations worldwide connected via leased lines. Calls to and from the Odyssey handsets will be routed globally employing the Odyssey network and the existing public switched telephone networks (PSTNs). Localities will be able to regulate Odyssey traffic via local "Gateways" connected to the Odyssey System.
{"title":"Odyssey system overview","authors":"T. Baird, W. Bush","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501203","url":null,"abstract":"The spectacular growth of cellular telephone networks has proven the ubiquitous demand for personal communications. Large regions of the world are too sparsely populated to be economically served by terrestrial cellular communications and geography frequently prohibits the installation of terrestrial networks. Furthermore, there are also many regions of the world which lack a basic telecommunications infrastructure, whether wireline or wireless. The Odyssey System is an economical approach for providing high quality, wireless, communications services worldwide via satellites. A constellation of 12 satellites will be orbited in three planes, each inclined at fifty degrees, at an altitude of 10,354 km (5591 nautical miles) to provide seamless coverage of the globe. The Odyssey orbit lends itself to high line-of-sight elevation angles that minimize obstructions by terrain, trees and buildings. Each satellite generates a multibeam antenna pattern that divides its coverage area into a set of contiguous cells. The communications system architecture employs spread spectrum CDMA on both the uplinks and the downlinks which optimize the use of the mobile link spectrum. Signal processing is accomplished on the ground at the satellites' earth stations. The satellites' \"bent pipe\" transponders simplify the space segment design and provide the flexibility to exploit future enhancements in vocoder and waveform technologies. The ground network will employ a minimum of earth stations worldwide connected via leased lines. Calls to and from the Odyssey handsets will be routed globally employing the Odyssey network and the existing public switched telephone networks (PSTNs). Localities will be able to regulate Odyssey traffic via local \"Gateways\" connected to the Odyssey System.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115667951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501254
W. Whipple
This paper is a brief tutorial for the development process for the most common windows application type using Microsoft's Visual C++ development environment for Windows '95. It is intended as a lead-in to a demonstration and walkthrough of an application. There are many excellent books on the subject, among them David Kruglinkski's Inside Visual C++ (versions 1-4 corresponding to VC++ versions). VC++ writes the skeleton of a C++ windows application; the developer must then fill in the details to achieve the desired behaviour. The application developed here is significantly less than even a simple application and more than a typical Hello World! application. Its purpose is to show how to navigate through the common features of the Microsoft Visual C++ Version 4.0 workspace to construct the skeleton of an application.
本文简要介绍了使用Microsoft的Visual c++开发环境在windows 95上开发最常见的windows应用程序类型的过程。它的目的是作为应用程序演示和演练的引子。有许多关于这个主题的优秀书籍，其中包括David krulinkski的Inside Visual c++(版本1-4对应于vc++版本)。vc++编写c++ windows应用程序的框架;然后，开发人员必须填写细节以实现期望的行为。这里开发的应用程序比一个简单的应用程序要小得多，比一个典型的Hello World!应用程序。它的目的是展示如何浏览Microsoft Visual c++ Version 4.0工作空间的公共特性，以构建应用程序的框架。
{"title":"Walking through an application with visual C++","authors":"W. Whipple","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501254","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a brief tutorial for the development process for the most common windows application type using Microsoft's Visual C++ development environment for Windows '95. It is intended as a lead-in to a demonstration and walkthrough of an application. There are many excellent books on the subject, among them David Kruglinkski's Inside Visual C++ (versions 1-4 corresponding to VC++ versions). VC++ writes the skeleton of a C++ windows application; the developer must then fill in the details to achieve the desired behaviour. The application developed here is significantly less than even a simple application and more than a typical Hello World! application. Its purpose is to show how to navigate through the common features of the Microsoft Visual C++ Version 4.0 workspace to construct the skeleton of an application.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116753679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501243
J. Pierro
Noise power ratio (NPR) testing is a very powerful, yet simple way of determining the dynamic range and nonlinear properties of power amplifiers. It provides a quantitative assessment of spectral regrowth and gives insight into the power and efficiency capabilities of the amplifier under signal conditions that emulate those in the actual system. The authors present test results for a 10 W GaAs MESFET amplifier.
{"title":"Characterization of power amplifiers using noise loading","authors":"J. Pierro","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501243","url":null,"abstract":"Noise power ratio (NPR) testing is a very powerful, yet simple way of determining the dynamic range and nonlinear properties of power amplifiers. It provides a quantitative assessment of spectral regrowth and gives insight into the power and efficiency capabilities of the amplifier under signal conditions that emulate those in the actual system. The authors present test results for a 10 W GaAs MESFET amplifier.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131613688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501212
G. Drzewiecki, B. Solanki, Jia-Jung Wang, J.K.-J. Li
An arterial tonometer is introduced that can measure arterial volume and pressure. The flexible diaphragm tonometer employs volume feedback control such that the contact surface is apparently rigid. When feedback is disabled, electrical impedance plethysmography of the tonometer compartment allows simultaneous measurement of pressure and volume change in the underlying artery. Applanation pressure is varied as well, to provide volume as function of pressure. It is also shown that a calibrated single artery volume waveform can be obtained for hemodynamic studies.
{"title":"Noninvasive determination of arterial pressure and volume using tonometry [electric impedance plethysmography]","authors":"G. Drzewiecki, B. Solanki, Jia-Jung Wang, J.K.-J. Li","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501212","url":null,"abstract":"An arterial tonometer is introduced that can measure arterial volume and pressure. The flexible diaphragm tonometer employs volume feedback control such that the contact surface is apparently rigid. When feedback is disabled, electrical impedance plethysmography of the tonometer compartment allows simultaneous measurement of pressure and volume change in the underlying artery. Applanation pressure is varied as well, to provide volume as function of pressure. It is also shown that a calibrated single artery volume waveform can be obtained for hemodynamic studies.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122568139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501213
R. Duerr
This document will attempt to describe both the motivators and the technology behind the shift from traditional touch-tone input to speech recognition in telecommunications. It will give the background for the motivators, address the speech recognition technologies and the human factors issues for their use in telephony, and also address the use of the technologies in some selected applications. The document will conclude with a summary of the issues. Speech recognition requires a very different approach from touch-tone to the telephone interface. The main intent of this document is to show that a poor service with a good interface can be a success but an excellent service with a poor interface cannot succeed.
{"title":"Voice recognition in the telecommunications industry","authors":"R. Duerr","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501213","url":null,"abstract":"This document will attempt to describe both the motivators and the technology behind the shift from traditional touch-tone input to speech recognition in telecommunications. It will give the background for the motivators, address the speech recognition technologies and the human factors issues for their use in telephony, and also address the use of the technologies in some selected applications. The document will conclude with a summary of the issues. Speech recognition requires a very different approach from touch-tone to the telephone interface. The main intent of this document is to show that a poor service with a good interface can be a success but an excellent service with a poor interface cannot succeed.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126205646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501210
A. Calderone
Engineers and scientists should research and document their inventions with a subsequent view towards getting patent protection. Keeping patents in mind at the earliest stages of invention will avoid wasted efforts and legal pitfalls which may foreclose patentability. A patent gives the owner of the patent the right to exclude anyone else from making, using, or selling the invention which is claimed in the patent. A patent consists of a specification describing the invention, usually with drawings, an abstract, and claims which set forth the limits of what the inventor claims as the invention. It is from the claims that the legal rights of exclusion are derived. Claims must be supported by the disclosure in the specification. For a patent to be valid the claimed invention is required by law to be new, useful, and unobvious. Patent applications are reviewed by patent examiners at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (the "PTO") to insure that these legal requirements are met. The Examiners communicate to the applicant by "Office Actions" in which the individual claims of the patent application are listed as being allowable or rejected, with reasons given by the examiner for his decision. The applicant is given the opportunity to respond by arguing the rejection or by amending the claims to overcome the rejections.
{"title":"Practical tips for obtaining patent protection","authors":"A. Calderone","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501210","url":null,"abstract":"Engineers and scientists should research and document their inventions with a subsequent view towards getting patent protection. Keeping patents in mind at the earliest stages of invention will avoid wasted efforts and legal pitfalls which may foreclose patentability. A patent gives the owner of the patent the right to exclude anyone else from making, using, or selling the invention which is claimed in the patent. A patent consists of a specification describing the invention, usually with drawings, an abstract, and claims which set forth the limits of what the inventor claims as the invention. It is from the claims that the legal rights of exclusion are derived. Claims must be supported by the disclosure in the specification. For a patent to be valid the claimed invention is required by law to be new, useful, and unobvious. Patent applications are reviewed by patent examiners at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (the \"PTO\") to insure that these legal requirements are met. The Examiners communicate to the applicant by \"Office Actions\" in which the individual claims of the patent application are listed as being allowable or rejected, with reasons given by the examiner for his decision. The applicant is given the opportunity to respond by arguing the rejection or by amending the claims to overcome the rejections.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122167428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501215
W. M. Egbert
Every engineer and company should evaluate their business with regard to these intellectual property concerns to implement a company policy, and a company budget. In the present competitive marketplace, the securing of marketable intellectual property is an important concern which should be addressed at all levels, from top to bottom, for the success of engineer and company alike.
{"title":"Everyday concerns for engineers regarding intellectual property","authors":"W. M. Egbert","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501215","url":null,"abstract":"Every engineer and company should evaluate their business with regard to these intellectual property concerns to implement a company policy, and a company budget. In the present competitive marketplace, the securing of marketable intellectual property is an important concern which should be addressed at all levels, from top to bottom, for the success of engineer and company alike.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131768857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501233
B. McGuffin
The GSM and DCS-1900 mobile telephone systems have a large number of signal processing and configuration parameters that must be set by the BS designer or system operator. A computationally efficient method of determining system performance is needed in order to conduct parameter tradeoffs, and select the best system configuration. In addition to fading and shadowing loss experienced by the signal, the required method must reflect large variations of interference power that occur within a speech frame, due to frequency hopping and discontinuous transmission. Such a method is described in this paper. An upper bound on the frame erasure rate is developed using a simplified channel model. The bound provides a simple test for whether or not a link can be closed. Cell coverage calculations based on this test are demonstrated for a single source in Rayleigh fading, and for a co-channel interference limited environment. Results in fading are within 0.4 dB of simulation results for a similar system.
{"title":"A bound on frequency hopped GSM performance in co-channel interference","authors":"B. McGuffin","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501233","url":null,"abstract":"The GSM and DCS-1900 mobile telephone systems have a large number of signal processing and configuration parameters that must be set by the BS designer or system operator. A computationally efficient method of determining system performance is needed in order to conduct parameter tradeoffs, and select the best system configuration. In addition to fading and shadowing loss experienced by the signal, the required method must reflect large variations of interference power that occur within a speech frame, due to frequency hopping and discontinuous transmission. Such a method is described in this paper. An upper bound on the frame erasure rate is developed using a simplified channel model. The bound provides a simple test for whether or not a link can be closed. Cell coverage calculations based on this test are demonstrated for a single source in Rayleigh fading, and for a co-channel interference limited environment. Results in fading are within 0.4 dB of simulation results for a similar system.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131918241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501240
A.R. Noerpel, H. Sherry
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allocated the frequency spectrum between 1850 MHz and 1990 MHz for personal communications services (PCS). The newly available spectrum presents an opportunity for PCS providers to offer a mass market, multi-functional, high quality, mobile communications service. The licensing rules do not mandate a single standard; multiple standards will compete for marketplace acceptance. It is expected that differing PCS market applications will result in several different systems and standards being widely adopted. Applications will exist for both low-tier (microcell) and high-tier (cellular) standards and technologies. Of the seven radio air interface standardized in the TIA/T1 joint Technical Committee, the Personal Access Communication System (PACS) offers some unique features and performance. It is one of only two low-tier radio systems. It is the only radio system standard which specifies both a frequency division duplex (FDD) mode to enable operation in the licensed frequency allocation and a time division duplex (TDD) mode to enable unlicensed isochronous operation in the 1920 to 1930 MHz spectrum.
{"title":"Personal access communications system: a flexible PCS standard","authors":"A.R. Noerpel, H. Sherry","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501240","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allocated the frequency spectrum between 1850 MHz and 1990 MHz for personal communications services (PCS). The newly available spectrum presents an opportunity for PCS providers to offer a mass market, multi-functional, high quality, mobile communications service. The licensing rules do not mandate a single standard; multiple standards will compete for marketplace acceptance. It is expected that differing PCS market applications will result in several different systems and standards being widely adopted. Applications will exist for both low-tier (microcell) and high-tier (cellular) standards and technologies. Of the seven radio air interface standardized in the TIA/T1 joint Technical Committee, the Personal Access Communication System (PACS) offers some unique features and performance. It is one of only two low-tier radio systems. It is the only radio system standard which specifies both a frequency division duplex (FDD) mode to enable operation in the licensed frequency allocation and a time division duplex (TDD) mode to enable unlicensed isochronous operation in the 1920 to 1930 MHz spectrum.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125781341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：