Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501221
X. Wu, A. Haimovich
Spatial and temporal processing are combined to increase the capacity of CDMA-based wireless communications systems. Degrees of freedom provided by space-time processing are exploited to combat both fading and co-channel interference (the near-far effect). The following methods are formulated and studied: (1) space-time diversity, (2) cascade optimum spatial/diversity (RAKE) temporal, (3) cascade optimum spatial/optimum temporal, and (4) joint domain optimum processing. It is shown that, due to its interference cancellation capability, optimum combining provides significantly better performance than diversity processing. In particular, in a typical CDMA scenario with two antennas, the joint domain optimum combining system provides at least a 30% increase in capacity over diversity processing. Optimum combining may also be applied to compensate for imperfect power control of the signals received at the base station.
{"title":"Space-time processing for increased capacity of wireless CDMA","authors":"X. Wu, A. Haimovich","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501221","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial and temporal processing are combined to increase the capacity of CDMA-based wireless communications systems. Degrees of freedom provided by space-time processing are exploited to combat both fading and co-channel interference (the near-far effect). The following methods are formulated and studied: (1) space-time diversity, (2) cascade optimum spatial/diversity (RAKE) temporal, (3) cascade optimum spatial/optimum temporal, and (4) joint domain optimum processing. It is shown that, due to its interference cancellation capability, optimum combining provides significantly better performance than diversity processing. In particular, in a typical CDMA scenario with two antennas, the joint domain optimum combining system provides at least a 30% increase in capacity over diversity processing. Optimum combining may also be applied to compensate for imperfect power control of the signals received at the base station.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"os-16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127764936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501222
F. Hebbel
Distributed Objects is one of four competing technologies which include SQL Databases, TP Monitors and Groupware. The promise of Distributed Objects is that the partitioning of systems across networks will become more flexible, more homogeneous, more standardized, resulting in less difficulty to develop future applications. As the name implies, Distributed Objects encompasses two paradigms: the notion of distribution and the notion of object orientation These two concepts converge in what is referred to as middleware. Middleware is the somewhat nebulas domain in-between clients and servers where a great deal of time and effort is often spent in developing applications. In a properly designed Distributed Object System, enterprises have the ability to access any information by any system (or user) which has proper authorization and do so in a uniform and consistent fashion. In an admittedly oversimplified decomposition, two things are required to do this. The first is to make everything (including legacy systems) appear to be object oriented, and the second is to be able to access those objects across systems boundaries.
{"title":"Distributed object oriented systems","authors":"F. Hebbel","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501222","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed Objects is one of four competing technologies which include SQL Databases, TP Monitors and Groupware. The promise of Distributed Objects is that the partitioning of systems across networks will become more flexible, more homogeneous, more standardized, resulting in less difficulty to develop future applications. As the name implies, Distributed Objects encompasses two paradigms: the notion of distribution and the notion of object orientation These two concepts converge in what is referred to as middleware. Middleware is the somewhat nebulas domain in-between clients and servers where a great deal of time and effort is often spent in developing applications. In a properly designed Distributed Object System, enterprises have the ability to access any information by any system (or user) which has proper authorization and do so in a uniform and consistent fashion. In an admittedly oversimplified decomposition, two things are required to do this. The first is to make everything (including legacy systems) appear to be object oriented, and the second is to be able to access those objects across systems boundaries.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126735438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501207
P. Buitenkant
The author discusses what types of outsource services are available to you, the client. Some of them may be familiar to you. You may even be using some of them now or have used them in the past. Hopefully you will learn of the existence of new services and some new, valuable aspects of existing services that will save you time and money.
{"title":"What kinds of technical outsource services are available?","authors":"P. Buitenkant","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501207","url":null,"abstract":"The author discusses what types of outsource services are available to you, the client. Some of them may be familiar to you. You may even be using some of them now or have used them in the past. Hopefully you will learn of the existence of new services and some new, valuable aspects of existing services that will save you time and money.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115111444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501253
I. Weitman
This paper presents some the ways that modern business managers have attempted to economize and gain efficiency in the acquisition of technical services. Each of the categories of outsourced technical services have advantages and disadvantages when compared to the others. This paper describes some of the good and bad characteristics of each type. These comments are based on the author's own experiences and observations and others may disagree with the author. The business manager responsible for selecting technical service providers for a company must weigh the culture of the company and the chemistry that may occur with the individual provider. What could be a problem situation for one company may be the perfect match for another.
{"title":"Types of outsource providers available to companies","authors":"I. Weitman","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501253","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents some the ways that modern business managers have attempted to economize and gain efficiency in the acquisition of technical services. Each of the categories of outsourced technical services have advantages and disadvantages when compared to the others. This paper describes some of the good and bad characteristics of each type. These comments are based on the author's own experiences and observations and others may disagree with the author. The business manager responsible for selecting technical service providers for a company must weigh the culture of the company and the chemistry that may occur with the individual provider. What could be a problem situation for one company may be the perfect match for another.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130755130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501214
J. Dunn
An ultrasonic ranging system requires at least one ultrasonic transducer, a device to convert electrical energy to acoustic and acoustic energy back to electrical. In the automotive safety system we describe, a set of three transducers is employed. Two transducers are directed at /spl plusmn/120 degrees with respect to a central axis of a vehicle and are used for relatively short range detection. The third is directed along the central axis of the vehicle and is used for longer range detection.
{"title":"Regarding analog design [ultrasonic ranging system]","authors":"J. Dunn","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501214","url":null,"abstract":"An ultrasonic ranging system requires at least one ultrasonic transducer, a device to convert electrical energy to acoustic and acoustic energy back to electrical. In the automotive safety system we describe, a set of three transducers is employed. Two transducers are directed at /spl plusmn/120 degrees with respect to a central axis of a vehicle and are used for relatively short range detection. The third is directed along the central axis of the vehicle and is used for longer range detection.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131345679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501230
J. Marcus
There is extraordinary interest in the Internet today, as a communications medium and as a potential vehicle for advertising and for electronic commerce in general. As a result, the Internet has enjoyed an explosive growth in popularity over the past few years. How does the Internet work? What makes it tick? Many readers will be familiar with the public face of the Internet, the view from the penthouse that is apparent when you cruise the 'Net using the WorldWide Web. This paper provides a different view-we take the stairway down to the basement, so to speak, in order to explore the plumbing from the perspective of the people who build the public Internet of today and tomorrow, the Internet service providers (ISPs).
{"title":"Internet hardware and software","authors":"J. Marcus","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501230","url":null,"abstract":"There is extraordinary interest in the Internet today, as a communications medium and as a potential vehicle for advertising and for electronic commerce in general. As a result, the Internet has enjoyed an explosive growth in popularity over the past few years. How does the Internet work? What makes it tick? Many readers will be familiar with the public face of the Internet, the view from the penthouse that is apparent when you cruise the 'Net using the WorldWide Web. This paper provides a different view-we take the stairway down to the basement, so to speak, in order to explore the plumbing from the perspective of the people who build the public Internet of today and tomorrow, the Internet service providers (ISPs).","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132941678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501218
G. Gaynor
The majority of recent job downsizing has occured in the management and professional ranks. Some of this downsizing came about because of continuous significant technological progress (allows people to be replaced by hardware and software), competitive forces in direct labor cost in the emerging economies, and Wall Street's insistence on increasing profits. Advanced technologies allow us to do more with less. Computers if used effectively now allow engineers and their managers to achieve higher levels of effectiveness and efficiency. Perhaps we need to adopt the sliderule mentality when using computers. As an example, how effective is CAD? Obviously CAD and CAE provide engineers with an opportunity to explore many alternatives. But how many alternatives should be explored? When engineers used slide rules considerable thought was given to the alternatives that would be explored. Engineers need to recognize that these advanced technologies must eventually be justified by either cost savings or by providing for future growth.
{"title":"Downsizing: Sources and justification and no scapegoats","authors":"G. Gaynor","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501218","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of recent job downsizing has occured in the management and professional ranks. Some of this downsizing came about because of continuous significant technological progress (allows people to be replaced by hardware and software), competitive forces in direct labor cost in the emerging economies, and Wall Street's insistence on increasing profits. Advanced technologies allow us to do more with less. Computers if used effectively now allow engineers and their managers to achieve higher levels of effectiveness and efficiency. Perhaps we need to adopt the sliderule mentality when using computers. As an example, how effective is CAD? Obviously CAD and CAE provide engineers with an opportunity to explore many alternatives. But how many alternatives should be explored? When engineers used slide rules considerable thought was given to the alternatives that would be explored. Engineers need to recognize that these advanced technologies must eventually be justified by either cost savings or by providing for future growth.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124770522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501229
R. Qiu, I. Lu
We study the multipath propagation effects of cellular communication channels. In particular, the frequency dependency of multipath arrivals is characterized using a novel superresolution technique, named the SVD eigen-matrix pencil method, to provide physical insight of the path "history". The conventional broadband model is extended to include the frequency dependence of individual rays which can be used to classify the ray arrivals and to provide physical insight of the channel. This approach may be crucial to the analysis and design of broadband CDMA systems.
{"title":"A novel approach with superresolution and path frequency dependence for channel modeling and application in CDMA cellular system","authors":"R. Qiu, I. Lu","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501229","url":null,"abstract":"We study the multipath propagation effects of cellular communication channels. In particular, the frequency dependency of multipath arrivals is characterized using a novel superresolution technique, named the SVD eigen-matrix pencil method, to provide physical insight of the path \"history\". The conventional broadband model is extended to include the frequency dependence of individual rays which can be used to classify the ray arrivals and to provide physical insight of the channel. This approach may be crucial to the analysis and design of broadband CDMA systems.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133810522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501205
H. Bertoni, L. Piazzi, G. Liang, Nai Wo, E. Wong
The design of future wireless communication systems employing microcells will require a flexible tool for determining the coverage area based on site specific features. In this paper, the accuracy of a ray based algorithm for predicting the sector average path loss in residential and high rise environments is investigated by comparison with measurements. Measurements were taken in residential and in high rise environments. In the residential environment building heights ranged from 1 to 3 stories and the base station antenna was near rooftop levels, propagation between the base station and the mobile consisted mainly of paths which went over the intervening buildings. This was validated by good agreement with the measurements for the antenna above the rooftops, and fair agreement for the antenna below the rooftops. In the high rise environment the buildings were significantly higher than the base station antenna, so that the dominant contributions to the signal at the receiver are due to propagation around the buildings. Once again the predictions corresponded well the measurements.
{"title":"Prediction of site specific coverage and cell shape for outdoor microcells","authors":"H. Bertoni, L. Piazzi, G. Liang, Nai Wo, E. Wong","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501205","url":null,"abstract":"The design of future wireless communication systems employing microcells will require a flexible tool for determining the coverage area based on site specific features. In this paper, the accuracy of a ray based algorithm for predicting the sector average path loss in residential and high rise environments is investigated by comparison with measurements. Measurements were taken in residential and in high rise environments. In the residential environment building heights ranged from 1 to 3 stories and the base station antenna was near rooftop levels, propagation between the base station and the mobile consisted mainly of paths which went over the intervening buildings. This was validated by good agreement with the measurements for the antenna above the rooftops, and fair agreement for the antenna below the rooftops. In the high rise environment the buildings were significantly higher than the base station antenna, so that the dominant contributions to the signal at the receiver are due to propagation around the buildings. Once again the predictions corresponded well the measurements.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125486080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Internet basics","authors":"F. Jones","doi":"10.1109/electr.1996.501224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/electr.1996.501224","url":null,"abstract":"The following topics are discussed: basic history; Internet overview; and Internet applications (Mail, Telnet, FTP, Gopher, World-Wide-Web).","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133891595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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