Pub Date : 2002-08-06DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501247
N. Sokal
With at least ten lettered classes of RF power amplifiers, and several combinations of those classes, it is not surprising that many RF engineers are confused about power amplifiers. The complexity of the subject is compounded by the fact that the RF power transistor acts either as a high-resistance current source or as a low-resistance switch, or-in some amplifiers-as a high-resistance current source during part of the "on" interval and as a low-resistance switch during another part of the "on" interval ("mixed-mode" operation). Inspection of the circuit topology is not sufficient to define unambiguously the transistor operating mode or the amplifier class of operation (examples are given of the same circuit topology operating as a Class B, C, or E amplifier, depending on how the transistor is biased and driven, and on the specific L-R-C values in the load network).
{"title":"RF power amplifiers-classes A through F","authors":"N. Sokal","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501247","url":null,"abstract":"With at least ten lettered classes of RF power amplifiers, and several combinations of those classes, it is not surprising that many RF engineers are confused about power amplifiers. The complexity of the subject is compounded by the fact that the RF power transistor acts either as a high-resistance current source or as a low-resistance switch, or-in some amplifiers-as a high-resistance current source during part of the \"on\" interval and as a low-resistance switch during another part of the \"on\" interval (\"mixed-mode\" operation). Inspection of the circuit topology is not sufficient to define unambiguously the transistor operating mode or the amplifier class of operation (examples are given of the same circuit topology operating as a Class B, C, or E amplifier, depending on how the transistor is biased and driven, and on the specific L-R-C values in the load network).","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122950089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501208
W. Burke
Since the early 1980's, companies have been undergoing waves of retrenchment. Initially, it was in response to competitive pressures that forced companies to eliminate overhead and reduce direct expense through automation. The merger mania of the 80's created opportunities for savings by eliminating redundancies created by the merger. The 1990's has seen a sustained tendency toward downsizing. Expanded implementation, new generations of computer technologies and enhanced information management have supported re-engineering programs that eliminate work and outsource all but the core competencies of the firm. For the professional who is a casualty of a corporate downsizing, there are a variety of options. From searching for a new job to starting your own business, the very same forces that led to the downsizing create opportunities for you. This paper addresses how to use your knowledge of technologies, markets and the competitive forces in the industry to create rewarding employment opportunities or a foundation for a business start-up.
{"title":"Downsizing and you","authors":"W. Burke","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501208","url":null,"abstract":"Since the early 1980's, companies have been undergoing waves of retrenchment. Initially, it was in response to competitive pressures that forced companies to eliminate overhead and reduce direct expense through automation. The merger mania of the 80's created opportunities for savings by eliminating redundancies created by the merger. The 1990's has seen a sustained tendency toward downsizing. Expanded implementation, new generations of computer technologies and enhanced information management have supported re-engineering programs that eliminate work and outsource all but the core competencies of the firm. For the professional who is a casualty of a corporate downsizing, there are a variety of options. From searching for a new job to starting your own business, the very same forces that led to the downsizing create opportunities for you. This paper addresses how to use your knowledge of technologies, markets and the competitive forces in the industry to create rewarding employment opportunities or a foundation for a business start-up.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122456730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501206
P. Buitenkant
We examine some very specific ways in which a client can realize very dramatic savings, both in schedule and project costs. Bringing in outside resources can either shorten your normal design/development cycle or solve a particularly vexing problem. This allows you, the client to benefit from 4 important considerations: fresh approach by outsider; individual highly skilled in the area of interest; specialised equipment is often made available to the client at little or no cost; and highly motivated to satisfy you, the client.
{"title":"Demonstrate cost savings, schedule shortenings, etc [software project management]","authors":"P. Buitenkant","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501206","url":null,"abstract":"We examine some very specific ways in which a client can realize very dramatic savings, both in schedule and project costs. Bringing in outside resources can either shorten your normal design/development cycle or solve a particularly vexing problem. This allows you, the client to benefit from 4 important considerations: fresh approach by outsider; individual highly skilled in the area of interest; specialised equipment is often made available to the client at little or no cost; and highly motivated to satisfy you, the client.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128577677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501236
N. Mirfakhraei, J. Bose, D. Vaman
We introduce an integrated ATM-wireless network and evaluate the traffic performance of this network. The wireless section is comprised of five base stations each with a number of hand-sets. The data rate generated by each hand-set is 64 kbs while base stations communicate with one another at 384 kbs. In the ATM section, there are six nodes each is connected to a number of workstations. We assume 50% of the packets generated at hand-sets are destined for ATM section while the rest are forwarded to destinations within the wireless network. A fixed base station is connected to the ATM network in addition to other hand-sets and mobile base stations. The combined ATM-Wireless network was simulated and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of buffers used in base stations. On all radio links, packets transmitted by any hand-set or base station, are dynamically defined by the radio frequency. The performance evaluation results show the communication delay within the wireless network, and between the ATM and the wireless networks.
{"title":"Modeling and traffic evaluation of an integrated ATM-wireless network","authors":"N. Mirfakhraei, J. Bose, D. Vaman","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501236","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce an integrated ATM-wireless network and evaluate the traffic performance of this network. The wireless section is comprised of five base stations each with a number of hand-sets. The data rate generated by each hand-set is 64 kbs while base stations communicate with one another at 384 kbs. In the ATM section, there are six nodes each is connected to a number of workstations. We assume 50% of the packets generated at hand-sets are destined for ATM section while the rest are forwarded to destinations within the wireless network. A fixed base station is connected to the ATM network in addition to other hand-sets and mobile base stations. The combined ATM-Wireless network was simulated and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of buffers used in base stations. On all radio links, packets transmitted by any hand-set or base station, are dynamically defined by the radio frequency. The performance evaluation results show the communication delay within the wireless network, and between the ATM and the wireless networks.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129479814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501234
R. McLaughlin
As the technology that has been created for the cold war becomes more generally available the millimetre band will be more accessible, The applications that can be developed are based on the successful system MILSTAR. It is possible to develop everything from fixed, to multi-point, to mobile. Applications can be both indoor and outdoor. Areas that are being exploited currently are short haul, wireless ATM and collision avoidance radar.
{"title":"Near term and future applications of millimetre waves to wireless systems","authors":"R. McLaughlin","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501234","url":null,"abstract":"As the technology that has been created for the cold war becomes more generally available the millimetre band will be more accessible, The applications that can be developed are based on the successful system MILSTAR. It is possible to develop everything from fixed, to multi-point, to mobile. Applications can be both indoor and outdoor. Areas that are being exploited currently are short haul, wireless ATM and collision avoidance radar.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"274 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124244283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501242
R. Pandey
With sales of programmable DSPs increasing exponentially, the digital signal processing industry has enjoyed explosive growth over the past decade. In the process, the demands on DSP algorithm software have also mushroomed, to the point where the critical path in the DSP development cycle has shifted from hardware to software. Software directly determines time-to-market, and software-development costs outpace those of hardware many times over, demanding advances to DSP development tools. Developing code for general-purpose DSPs is typically a disjointed and difficult task. Character based debuggers, which have limited capabilites and know little of their target, are inadequate for these tasks. But new tools are now available to replace the mishmash of outdated tools for code development and debugging.
{"title":"Advances in DSP development environments","authors":"R. Pandey","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501242","url":null,"abstract":"With sales of programmable DSPs increasing exponentially, the digital signal processing industry has enjoyed explosive growth over the past decade. In the process, the demands on DSP algorithm software have also mushroomed, to the point where the critical path in the DSP development cycle has shifted from hardware to software. Software directly determines time-to-market, and software-development costs outpace those of hardware many times over, demanding advances to DSP development tools. Developing code for general-purpose DSPs is typically a disjointed and difficult task. Character based debuggers, which have limited capabilites and know little of their target, are inadequate for these tasks. But new tools are now available to replace the mishmash of outdated tools for code development and debugging.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123536604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501216
M. Eggers, M. Hogan, A. Mallik, T. Powdrill, M. McMahon, R. Gangadharan, B. Balch, H. Yang, N. Jamieson, J. Lamture
Towards the pursuit of highly automated, cost-effective gene-based diagnostic testing, microfabricated diagnostic systems are being developed to perform sample preparation, assay, detection and information analysis in a miniaturized format. These microfabricated systems exploit the inherent characteristics of microelectronics that accommodate highly parallel assays, ultrasensitive detection, high throughput, integrated data acquisition and computation. The focus of this paper is a miniaturized molecular detection device that is directly coupled to a DNA probe-based diagnostic assay. High detection sensitivities have been reported previously by the authors utilizing this proximal CCD approach for fluorescent and radioisotope reporter groups. The present work demonstrates quantitative detection and imaging capabilities for both flash (acridinium ester) and glow (dioxetane-based) chemiluminescent reporter groups used in DNA/RNA-based diagnostics. A detection limit of 0.9 fmole was demonstrated with immobilized AE reporter groups within a 0.3 second integration time. Also highly resolved images of labeled DNA hybridized to probe arrays was achieved with dioxitane-based chemiluminescence with high selectivity. These recent chemiluminescent results combined with the previous fluorescent and radioisotope feasibility demonstrate the versatility of proximal CCD detection and imaging for DNA-based diagnostics.
{"title":"A versatile biochip for gene-based diagnostics","authors":"M. Eggers, M. Hogan, A. Mallik, T. Powdrill, M. McMahon, R. Gangadharan, B. Balch, H. Yang, N. Jamieson, J. Lamture","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501216","url":null,"abstract":"Towards the pursuit of highly automated, cost-effective gene-based diagnostic testing, microfabricated diagnostic systems are being developed to perform sample preparation, assay, detection and information analysis in a miniaturized format. These microfabricated systems exploit the inherent characteristics of microelectronics that accommodate highly parallel assays, ultrasensitive detection, high throughput, integrated data acquisition and computation. The focus of this paper is a miniaturized molecular detection device that is directly coupled to a DNA probe-based diagnostic assay. High detection sensitivities have been reported previously by the authors utilizing this proximal CCD approach for fluorescent and radioisotope reporter groups. The present work demonstrates quantitative detection and imaging capabilities for both flash (acridinium ester) and glow (dioxetane-based) chemiluminescent reporter groups used in DNA/RNA-based diagnostics. A detection limit of 0.9 fmole was demonstrated with immobilized AE reporter groups within a 0.3 second integration time. Also highly resolved images of labeled DNA hybridized to probe arrays was achieved with dioxitane-based chemiluminescence with high selectivity. These recent chemiluminescent results combined with the previous fluorescent and radioisotope feasibility demonstrate the versatility of proximal CCD detection and imaging for DNA-based diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128125845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501209
A. Calderbank
Summary form only given, as follows. Co-channel interference is a major impairment in wireless systems with channel (frequency and/or time) re-use. In practice the performance of time division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems is limited by a few dominant co-channel interferers. These can be removed by means of multiple antennas but it is difficult to demand this at the mobile because of technology limitations. The standard solution is to treat co-channel interference as Gaussian noise and to employ powerful channel codes. However, this solution is far from optimal since the decoder is using an inappropriate metric for decoding. In this paper it is shown that a more effective use of system redundancy is to design channel codes that are matched to an adaptive linear receiver, so that the combination provides interference suppression. It is shown that a simple one symbol parity check code is capable of suppressing one interferer, a repetition code of length N is capable of suppressing N-1 interferers, and a code of K information symbols and N channel symbols is capable of suppressing N/K interferers.
{"title":"Signal design for co-channel interference suppression with applications to wireless communications","authors":"A. Calderbank","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501209","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given, as follows. Co-channel interference is a major impairment in wireless systems with channel (frequency and/or time) re-use. In practice the performance of time division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems is limited by a few dominant co-channel interferers. These can be removed by means of multiple antennas but it is difficult to demand this at the mobile because of technology limitations. The standard solution is to treat co-channel interference as Gaussian noise and to employ powerful channel codes. However, this solution is far from optimal since the decoder is using an inappropriate metric for decoding. In this paper it is shown that a more effective use of system redundancy is to design channel codes that are matched to an adaptive linear receiver, so that the combination provides interference suppression. It is shown that a simple one symbol parity check code is capable of suppressing one interferer, a repetition code of length N is capable of suppressing N-1 interferers, and a code of K information symbols and N channel symbols is capable of suppressing N/K interferers.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115604900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501220
M. Grosen
Because of their high-speed arithmetic, interrupt processing, and I/O facilities, DSPs are a natural for applications that require image capture, control, and processing. In some cases, DSPs are used as controllers in conjunction with specialized imaging ASICs. In other applications, one or more DSPs are used to execute both control and core imaging functions like FFTs, filters, and correlations. The complexity of image processing applications favors a multitasking approach that breaks the interrupt processing, I/O, imaging, host communications and other housekeeping functions into a collection of prioritized tasks. While many programmers still prefer to roll their own real-time multitasking environment, their are a number of advantages to using an off-the-shelf real-time operating system (RTOS) like SPOX. Because of space and performance constraints, DSP designers have traditionally balked at using the advanced facilities available in off-the-shelf real-time operating systems. Spectron has answered this concern by creating a real-time DSP environment that incurs less than 2% of overhead in most applications, and can occupy as little as 2 kwords of memory. And even this incremental impact on performance and memory utilization may be overstated, given that designers will have to recreate many of the facilities provided by SPOX within their applications.
{"title":"DSP real-time operating system coordinates image processing","authors":"M. Grosen","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501220","url":null,"abstract":"Because of their high-speed arithmetic, interrupt processing, and I/O facilities, DSPs are a natural for applications that require image capture, control, and processing. In some cases, DSPs are used as controllers in conjunction with specialized imaging ASICs. In other applications, one or more DSPs are used to execute both control and core imaging functions like FFTs, filters, and correlations. The complexity of image processing applications favors a multitasking approach that breaks the interrupt processing, I/O, imaging, host communications and other housekeeping functions into a collection of prioritized tasks. While many programmers still prefer to roll their own real-time multitasking environment, their are a number of advantages to using an off-the-shelf real-time operating system (RTOS) like SPOX. Because of space and performance constraints, DSP designers have traditionally balked at using the advanced facilities available in off-the-shelf real-time operating systems. Spectron has answered this concern by creating a real-time DSP environment that incurs less than 2% of overhead in most applications, and can occupy as little as 2 kwords of memory. And even this incremental impact on performance and memory utilization may be overstated, given that designers will have to recreate many of the facilities provided by SPOX within their applications.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129059319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501251
E. Micheli-Tzanakou
Neural network (NN) research has gone a long way in the past decade. NNs now consist of many thousands of highly interconnected processing elements that can encode, store and recall relationships between different patterns by altering the weighting coefficients of inputs in a systematic way. Although they can generate reasonable outputs from unknown input patterns, and they can tolerate a great deal of noise, they are very slow when run on a serial machine. There also exists a combinatorial relationship between the number of neurons or processing elements (PEs) and the number of connections in the network. Therefore, in simulating a NN on a serial machine, one has to take into consideration the two different types of data available, namely connection data and output data, that each requires a large memory to be stored on. Some problems connected to this include floating point arithmetic for continuous values, as well as overheads required to tie all these data together and to exchange information between processors. In this paper we review the ALOPEX algorithms developed by us, discuss their complexities and give some examples of their applications in biomedical engineering problems. We do not claim that we know how the brain really works nor that we are able to build a computer that emulates the brain. NNs provide a theory of how information is stored in memory but not what is put in there.
{"title":"Neural networks in signal and image processing","authors":"E. Micheli-Tzanakou","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501251","url":null,"abstract":"Neural network (NN) research has gone a long way in the past decade. NNs now consist of many thousands of highly interconnected processing elements that can encode, store and recall relationships between different patterns by altering the weighting coefficients of inputs in a systematic way. Although they can generate reasonable outputs from unknown input patterns, and they can tolerate a great deal of noise, they are very slow when run on a serial machine. There also exists a combinatorial relationship between the number of neurons or processing elements (PEs) and the number of connections in the network. Therefore, in simulating a NN on a serial machine, one has to take into consideration the two different types of data available, namely connection data and output data, that each requires a large memory to be stored on. Some problems connected to this include floating point arithmetic for continuous values, as well as overheads required to tie all these data together and to exchange information between processors. In this paper we review the ALOPEX algorithms developed by us, discuss their complexities and give some examples of their applications in biomedical engineering problems. We do not claim that we know how the brain really works nor that we are able to build a computer that emulates the brain. NNs provide a theory of how information is stored in memory but not what is put in there.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126575054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：