Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501245
B. Anderson
Having decided to use consultants the next task is to find them. Occasionally there is time for a long search but as often as not someone must be found now. There are a number of ways to locate suitable talent.
{"title":"Locating the best outsource provider-finding the consultant","authors":"B. Anderson","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501245","url":null,"abstract":"Having decided to use consultants the next task is to find them. Occasionally there is time for a long search but as often as not someone must be found now. There are a number of ways to locate suitable talent.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114446958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501201
R. Alavi, D. Schilling, K. Shahrabi
This paper characterizes constrained FM, CNFM, determines its properties and investigates its spectral efficiency based on the 99 percent bandwidth criteria. Finally, spectral efficiency of CNFM is compared against MSK and duobinary FM. It is shown that CNFM is spectrally more efficient than MSK, but it has the same spectral efficiency as duobinary FM.
{"title":"On the spectral efficiency of constrained FM","authors":"R. Alavi, D. Schilling, K. Shahrabi","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501201","url":null,"abstract":"This paper characterizes constrained FM, CNFM, determines its properties and investigates its spectral efficiency based on the 99 percent bandwidth criteria. Finally, spectral efficiency of CNFM is compared against MSK and duobinary FM. It is shown that CNFM is spectrally more efficient than MSK, but it has the same spectral efficiency as duobinary FM.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122612555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501231
A. Matthews
The new North American TDMA PCS wireless compatibility standard, J-STD-011, is designed to provide optimized multi-user service performance in high capacity deployment scenarios. The specification is IS-136 based, but is fully digital and combines a hose of new features beyond the original standard, these being developed to support the explosive growth in wireless communications, and the increasing demand of the subscriber for instantaneous, ubiquitous access to the network. This paper provides a brief overview of J-STD-011.
{"title":"Application of IS-136 to personal communication services","authors":"A. Matthews","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501231","url":null,"abstract":"The new North American TDMA PCS wireless compatibility standard, J-STD-011, is designed to provide optimized multi-user service performance in high capacity deployment scenarios. The specification is IS-136 based, but is fully digital and combines a hose of new features beyond the original standard, these being developed to support the explosive growth in wireless communications, and the increasing demand of the subscriber for instantaneous, ubiquitous access to the network. This paper provides a brief overview of J-STD-011.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133683903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501202
N. Amitay
Describes the benefits and outline of resource auction multiple access (RAMA). Discusses RAMA application to extended IS-54 (uplink frequency-time utilisation). The advantages of RAMA are: fast and efficient multi-priority medium access; can easily double system voice spectrum utilization through statistical speech multiplexing; can provide variable bandwidth on demand; collision independent throughout, full (100%) utilization of all communication resources (slots) irrespective of traffic load; flexible control of priority/grade of service - fairness; and can be utilized for speech and data multiplexing.
{"title":"Resource auction multiple access (RAMA) for fast access/resource assignment and handoff in the PCS/cellular environments","authors":"N. Amitay","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501202","url":null,"abstract":"Describes the benefits and outline of resource auction multiple access (RAMA). Discusses RAMA application to extended IS-54 (uplink frequency-time utilisation). The advantages of RAMA are: fast and efficient multi-priority medium access; can easily double system voice spectrum utilization through statistical speech multiplexing; can provide variable bandwidth on demand; collision independent throughout, full (100%) utilization of all communication resources (slots) irrespective of traffic load; flexible control of priority/grade of service - fairness; and can be utilized for speech and data multiplexing.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116391185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501239
A. Natoli
In late 1994, the U.S. Congress passed legislation which, upon being signed into law by President Clinton, established the compliance of the United States to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Besides the more controversial issue of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its effects on U.S. Sovereignty and trade policies, GATT has also required brand new laws, rules, and regulations for patents. On June 8, 1995, these new developments in patent law went into effect. Every inventor, every company, every patent attorney and agent, every patent search firm and patent marketing agency was affected by GATT. Whole new policies and approaches to obtaining patent protection for inventions are now required to meet the challenges of the new patent laws. For example, individual inventors can get priority for their inventions for only $75. In addition, patent terms may be extended to expire as much as 20 years from the filing of the application, and foreign inventors and companies are now on an equal footing with U.S. Inventors to obtain U.S. Patents.
{"title":"Revolution at the patent office: the impact of GATT on every aspect of patent law and how it affects you","authors":"A. Natoli","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501239","url":null,"abstract":"In late 1994, the U.S. Congress passed legislation which, upon being signed into law by President Clinton, established the compliance of the United States to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Besides the more controversial issue of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its effects on U.S. Sovereignty and trade policies, GATT has also required brand new laws, rules, and regulations for patents. On June 8, 1995, these new developments in patent law went into effect. Every inventor, every company, every patent attorney and agent, every patent search firm and patent marketing agency was affected by GATT. Whole new policies and approaches to obtaining patent protection for inventions are now required to meet the challenges of the new patent laws. For example, individual inventors can get priority for their inventions for only $75. In addition, patent terms may be extended to expire as much as 20 years from the filing of the application, and foreign inventors and companies are now on an equal footing with U.S. Inventors to obtain U.S. Patents.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132950879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501223
E. Hirshfield
The Globalstar system will employ active phased array antennas and energy management in combination with CDMA technology to achieve unprecedented power efficiency for satellite communications. Active phased array antennas incorporate multibeam functionality in very small space. Such phased array antennas depend upon the use of highly efficient and uniform MMIC amplifiers that were not previously available. MMIC amplifiers coupled directly to each radiating element result in very high G/T and EIRP for the size of the antenna apertures and power capacity and noise figures of the amplifiers. As a result, unprecedented dc to RF power efficiency is achieved in the transmit direction and from input flux density to C/N in the receive phased arrays. The Qualcomm CDMA waveform employed in the User Terminals (handsets) and Gateways to the terrestrial networks (PSTNs), spreads the RF energy evenly over the allotted spectrum, as seen by the user antennas, optimizing power handling (signal fidelity) in the MMIC amplifiers. This CDMA implementation originally developed for terrestrial cellular and PCS works particularly well in a system that employs a constellation of low earth orbiting (LEO) satellites.
{"title":"The Globalstar system breakthroughs in efficiency in microwave and signal processing technology","authors":"E. Hirshfield","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501223","url":null,"abstract":"The Globalstar system will employ active phased array antennas and energy management in combination with CDMA technology to achieve unprecedented power efficiency for satellite communications. Active phased array antennas incorporate multibeam functionality in very small space. Such phased array antennas depend upon the use of highly efficient and uniform MMIC amplifiers that were not previously available. MMIC amplifiers coupled directly to each radiating element result in very high G/T and EIRP for the size of the antenna apertures and power capacity and noise figures of the amplifiers. As a result, unprecedented dc to RF power efficiency is achieved in the transmit direction and from input flux density to C/N in the receive phased arrays. The Qualcomm CDMA waveform employed in the User Terminals (handsets) and Gateways to the terrestrial networks (PSTNs), spreads the RF energy evenly over the allotted spectrum, as seen by the user antennas, optimizing power handling (signal fidelity) in the MMIC amplifiers. This CDMA implementation originally developed for terrestrial cellular and PCS works particularly well in a system that employs a constellation of low earth orbiting (LEO) satellites.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130947217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501217
B. Gassman
Looks at various aspects of internet security, and firewalls protection on the internet. In particular the author looks at the business dilemma; security risks; internet security; inter-company security; intranet security; integrated security; firewall concepts; firewall limitations and functions; Digital's firewall family; layered security; encrypted tunneling; other security issues; and future trends.
{"title":"Internet security, and firewalls protection on the internet","authors":"B. Gassman","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501217","url":null,"abstract":"Looks at various aspects of internet security, and firewalls protection on the internet. In particular the author looks at the business dilemma; security risks; internet security; inter-company security; intranet security; integrated security; firewall concepts; firewall limitations and functions; Digital's firewall family; layered security; encrypted tunneling; other security issues; and future trends.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131415701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501238
A. Natoli
To state the obvious, software is big business. In just two decades, software companies appeared from small start-ups and relatively insignificant divisions of computer hardware companies, and have evolved into the major businesses reported daily in the news and moving millions of dollars in the economy. The software landscape includes not just the giants of Microsoft and Computer Associates, but also dozens of medium size software firms providing applications for CD-ROM, video, entertainment, personal business software, etc. Also, hundreds of small software firms abound, and many companies which are not primarily developing and selling software have software departments for developing programs internally, or for developing software to complement a company's hardware line. Software is not just a business itself-it is very important to many businesses, especially in engineering. Software patents are well established, valuable, and of great interest to business. It is argued that the recognition of valuable software and the pursuit of available patent protection for software are thus important considerations for both engineers and companies.
{"title":"Software patents: beating a dead horse and other important concerns","authors":"A. Natoli","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501238","url":null,"abstract":"To state the obvious, software is big business. In just two decades, software companies appeared from small start-ups and relatively insignificant divisions of computer hardware companies, and have evolved into the major businesses reported daily in the news and moving millions of dollars in the economy. The software landscape includes not just the giants of Microsoft and Computer Associates, but also dozens of medium size software firms providing applications for CD-ROM, video, entertainment, personal business software, etc. Also, hundreds of small software firms abound, and many companies which are not primarily developing and selling software have software departments for developing programs internally, or for developing software to complement a company's hardware line. Software is not just a business itself-it is very important to many businesses, especially in engineering. Software patents are well established, valuable, and of great interest to business. It is argued that the recognition of valuable software and the pursuit of available patent protection for software are thus important considerations for both engineers and companies.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130188851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501232
A. McGregor
PCS1900 is an evolution of the GSM900/DCS1800 European cellular systems for the 1.9 GHz North American Emerging Technologies PCS band and offers a well-defined and rich service set. PCS1900 has been adopted by several major PCS operators in the US and GSM900/DCS1800 has been deployed in many countries worldwide. International roaming is possible today using the inherent SmartCard technology. This paper presents an overview of PCS1900 describing important physical and logical parameters of the RF air interface and its support system including architectural considerations. The results of performance and propagation studies are also presented.
{"title":"PCS1900 air interface","authors":"A. McGregor","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501232","url":null,"abstract":"PCS1900 is an evolution of the GSM900/DCS1800 European cellular systems for the 1.9 GHz North American Emerging Technologies PCS band and offers a well-defined and rich service set. PCS1900 has been adopted by several major PCS operators in the US and GSM900/DCS1800 has been deployed in many countries worldwide. International roaming is possible today using the inherent SmartCard technology. This paper presents an overview of PCS1900 describing important physical and logical parameters of the RF air interface and its support system including architectural considerations. The results of performance and propagation studies are also presented.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124351354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-30DOI: 10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501219
D. Gerakoulis
This paper presents a demand assignment switching system, to be used in terrestrial or satellite networks. Radio channel and time slot assignments are made on user demand, while the switch operations are controlled by a scheduling algorithm designed to maximize utilization of system resources and optimize performance. User requests and assignments are carried over a low-capacity control channel, while user information is transmitted over the traffic channels. The proposed system resolves both the multiple access and the switching problems and allows a direct connection between the end users. The system also provides integration of voice and data traffic in both the access link and the switching equipment. The "movable boundary" approach is used to achieve dynamic sharing of the channel capacity between the voice calls and the data packets. Performance results presented for the case of optimum scheduling, indicate that data packets may be routed via the exchange node with limited delays, even with heavy load of voice calls. Also we have proposed scheduling algorithms that may be used in implementing this system.
{"title":"Demand assignment switching for terrestrial and satellite networks","authors":"D. Gerakoulis","doi":"10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ELECTR.1996.501219","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a demand assignment switching system, to be used in terrestrial or satellite networks. Radio channel and time slot assignments are made on user demand, while the switch operations are controlled by a scheduling algorithm designed to maximize utilization of system resources and optimize performance. User requests and assignments are carried over a low-capacity control channel, while user information is transmitted over the traffic channels. The proposed system resolves both the multiple access and the switching problems and allows a direct connection between the end users. The system also provides integration of voice and data traffic in both the access link and the switching equipment. The \"movable boundary\" approach is used to achieve dynamic sharing of the channel capacity between the voice calls and the data packets. Performance results presented for the case of optimum scheduling, indicate that data packets may be routed via the exchange node with limited delays, even with heavy load of voice calls. Also we have proposed scheduling algorithms that may be used in implementing this system.","PeriodicalId":119154,"journal":{"name":"Professional Program Proceedings. ELECTRO '96","volume":"1997 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125579149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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