Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2023.01.05
Artemis Koumparelou, Andreas Feiler, Linda Kühn, Marcus Hübscher
The long-prevailing image of a clear delimitation between core city and suburbs has been increasingly questioned in research. New qualitative approaches are necessary to describe the urban-suburban relationship based on a sociocultural heterogenization of suburbs and the spread of suburban lifestyles into inner cities. The concept of inner-city suburbanization is one approach to define spaces as urban or suburban regardless of geographical location. Drawing upon this concept, the present paper explores suburban lifestyles in the inner-city area of Leipzig and their role in the socio-spatial urban transformation. For this purpose, we identify and map owner-occupied middle-class family housing estates in central urban locations. Using qualitative individual and focus group interviews with the residents, complemented by site observation, we explore to what extent these single-family houses resemble traditional suburbs in terms of morphology and social structure in four different case studies. All of the cases show how suburban qualities, such as homeownership and socio-economical homogeneity, go hand in hand with the benefits of their urban locations. This hybrid character reflects the dissolution of the classical place-specific distinctions between urban and suburban environments and patterns. Simultaneously, dynamics of upgrading and social exclusion from housing unfold in the residential areas, where middle-class family housing estates emerge. Thus, we raise the question of the interrelation between inner-city suburbanization processes and gentrification trends in Leipzig.
{"title":"Suburbanization within the city? Exploring suburban lifestyles in the inner-city of Leipzig (Germany)","authors":"Artemis Koumparelou, Andreas Feiler, Linda Kühn, Marcus Hübscher","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2023.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2023.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"The long-prevailing image of a clear delimitation between core city and suburbs has been increasingly questioned in research. New qualitative approaches are necessary to describe the urban-suburban relationship based on a sociocultural heterogenization of suburbs and the spread of suburban lifestyles into inner cities. The concept of inner-city suburbanization is one approach to define spaces as urban or suburban regardless of geographical location. Drawing upon this concept, the present paper explores suburban lifestyles in the inner-city area of Leipzig and their role in the socio-spatial urban transformation. For this purpose, we identify and map owner-occupied middle-class family housing estates in central urban locations. Using qualitative individual and focus group interviews with the residents, complemented by site observation, we explore to what extent these single-family houses resemble traditional suburbs in terms of morphology and social structure in four different case studies. All of the cases show how suburban qualities, such as homeownership and socio-economical homogeneity, go hand in hand with the benefits of their urban locations. This hybrid character reflects the dissolution of the classical place-specific distinctions between urban and suburban environments and patterns. Simultaneously, dynamics of upgrading and social exclusion from housing unfold in the residential areas, where middle-class family housing estates emerge. Thus, we raise the question of the interrelation between inner-city suburbanization processes and gentrification trends in Leipzig.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49219226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2023.dp.02
Mira Kühnapfel, E. C. Albrecht, Svenja Dobbert, Roland Pape, D. Wundram, J. Löffler
Here, we present a datapaper containing microscopically measured data of annual ring widths in the arctic-alpine dwarf-shrub species Salix herbacea (central Norway). The dataset will be updated with future measurements.
{"title":"Annual ring width in the arctic-alpine dwarf-shrub species Salix herbacea - Dataset from long-term alpine ecosystem research in central Norway (LTAER-NO)","authors":"Mira Kühnapfel, E. C. Albrecht, Svenja Dobbert, Roland Pape, D. Wundram, J. Löffler","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2023.dp.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2023.dp.02","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we present a datapaper containing microscopically measured data of annual ring widths in the arctic-alpine dwarf-shrub species Salix herbacea (central Norway). The dataset will be updated with future measurements.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45383539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2023.01.03
M. Goebel, K. Thiong'o, A. Rienow
Tropical highlands remain a challenging target for remote sensing due to their high heterogeneity of the landscape and frequent cloud cover, causing a shortage of high-quality and reliable comprehensive data on land use and land cover on a local or regional scale. These, however, are urgently needed by local stakeholders and decisionmakers. This applies for example to the Muringato sub-catchment in Nyeri County, Kenya, where acute water problems have been identified to be usually directly related to specific land use and land cover. This article contributes to the understanding of tropical highlands from a remote sensing perspective by examining Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and Global Forest Canopy Height Model data from the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation, all provided by the Google Earth Engine. To do so, we assess classifiers derived from these datasets for different land cover types, analyzing the performance of promising candidates identified in the literature, using 2,800 samples extracted from high-resolution image data across Nyeri County. We also propose an object-based classification strategy based on sequential masking. This strategy is adapted to very heterogeneous landscapes by refining image objects after re-evaluating their homogeneity. Small buildings, which constitute a significant part of the settlement structure in the area, are particularly difficult to detect. To improve the recognition of these objects we additionally consider the local contrast of the relevant classifier to identify potential candidates. Evaluating our sample data, we found that especially optical indices like the Sentinel Water Index, the Enhanced Normalized Difference Impervious Surfaces Index or specific Sentinel-2 bands combined with canopy height data are promising for water, built-up or tree cover detection. With these findings, our proposed object-based classification approach is applied to the Muringato sub-catchment as a representative example of the Kenyan tropical highland region. We achieve a classification accuracy of approximately 88% in the Muringato sub-catchment, outperforming existing products available for the study area. The knowledge gained in the study will also be used for future remote sensing-based monitoring of the region.
热带高地仍然是一个具有挑战性的遥感目标，因为其景观高度异质性和频繁的云层覆盖，导致缺乏高质量和可靠的地方或区域尺度的土地利用和土地覆盖综合数据。然而，这些是当地利益攸关方和决策者迫切需要的。例如，这适用于肯尼亚尼耶里县的穆林加托分集水区，在那里已查明严重的水问题通常与具体的土地利用和土地覆盖直接有关。本文通过分析由谷歌Earth Engine提供的来自全球生态系统动力学调查的Sentinel-1、Sentinel-2和全球森林冠层高度模型数据，有助于从遥感角度理解热带高地。为此，我们评估了来自这些数据集的不同土地覆盖类型的分类器，分析了文献中确定的有希望的候选分类器的性能，使用了从Nyeri县的高分辨率图像数据中提取的2800个样本。我们还提出了一种基于顺序屏蔽的基于对象的分类策略。这种策略通过重新评估图像对象的同质性后对其进行细化，适用于非常异构的景观。构成该地区沉降结构重要组成部分的小型建筑物特别难以探测。为了提高对这些目标的识别，我们还考虑了相关分类器的局部对比来识别潜在的候选对象。通过对样本数据的评估，我们发现Sentinel Water Index、Enhanced Normalized Difference Impervious Surfaces Index或特定的Sentinel-2波段与冠层高度数据相结合的光学指数对于水、建筑或树木覆盖的检测很有希望。有了这些发现，我们提出的基于对象的分类方法应用于作为肯尼亚热带高地地区代表性例子的穆林加托子集水区。我们在Muringato子集水区实现了约88%的分类准确率，优于研究区域现有的产品。在这项研究中获得的知识也将用于今后对该区域的遥感监测。
{"title":"Object-based mapping and classification features for tropical highlands using on Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and GEDI canopy height data - A case study of the Muringato catchment, Kenya","authors":"M. Goebel, K. Thiong'o, A. Rienow","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2023.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2023.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical highlands remain a challenging target for remote sensing due to their high heterogeneity of the landscape and frequent cloud cover, causing a shortage of high-quality and reliable comprehensive data on land use and land cover on a local or regional scale. These, however, are urgently needed by local stakeholders and decisionmakers. This applies for example to the Muringato sub-catchment in Nyeri County, Kenya, where acute water problems have been identified to be usually directly related to specific land use and land cover. This article contributes to the understanding of tropical highlands from a remote sensing perspective by examining Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and Global Forest Canopy Height Model data from the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation, all provided by the Google Earth Engine. To do so, we assess classifiers derived from these datasets for different land cover types, analyzing the performance of promising candidates identified in the literature, using 2,800 samples extracted from high-resolution image data across Nyeri County. We also propose an object-based classification strategy based on sequential masking. This strategy is adapted to very heterogeneous landscapes by refining image objects after re-evaluating their homogeneity. Small buildings, which constitute a significant part of the settlement structure in the area, are particularly difficult to detect. To improve the recognition of these objects we additionally consider the local contrast of the relevant classifier to identify potential candidates. Evaluating our sample data, we found that especially optical indices like the Sentinel Water Index, the Enhanced Normalized Difference Impervious Surfaces Index or specific Sentinel-2 bands combined with canopy height data are promising for water, built-up or tree cover detection. With these findings, our proposed object-based classification approach is applied to the Muringato sub-catchment as a representative example of the Kenyan tropical highland region. We achieve a classification accuracy of approximately 88% in the Muringato sub-catchment, outperforming existing products available for the study area. The knowledge gained in the study will also be used for future remote sensing-based monitoring of the region.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45030913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-26DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2023.01.02
A. C. Lien
Cartography has for centuries been used as a political instrument to support national pride, impact and influence, whether through use of a national prime meridian or local toponyms, the emphasising of the country’s extent through colour, or the underlining and even distorting of its position and size through projection. In Scandinavia, the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were times of upheaval, during which regions changed political affiliation and nations formed shifting political unions. Norway had not been an independent nation since 1380, but by the turn of the nineteenth century, Norwegian national consciousness was emerging, in parallel with the rise of ideas about the national state in the rest of Europe. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether and how the rising focus on national identity in Norway was nurtured through cartography during the final decades of the union with Denmark (1380-1814) and the first decades of the new union with Sweden from 1814 (-1905). A further aim has been to consider how Sweden, as the senior union partner, might similarly have used cartography to keep the union together as a unity, in opposition to the Norwegian national self-assertion. A selection of Scandinavian maps from the late eighteenth century and throughout the nineteenth century have been analysed with a focus on cartographic elements with potential impact on national identity. The main results indicate that both Norwegian and Swedish maps of that time may have been used as instruments of political influence. The use of cartographic elements on the analysed maps in general seem to have strengthened Swedish hegemony on one side and Norwegian nationalism on the other side, thus reinforcing the political division of Scandinavia still seen today.
{"title":"Waving the map for national identity: How cartography in Norway and Sweden was used as a nation-building tool in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries","authors":"A. C. Lien","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2023.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2023.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Cartography has for centuries been used as a political instrument to support national pride, impact and influence, whether through use of a national prime meridian or local toponyms, the emphasising of the country’s extent through colour, or the underlining and even distorting of its position and size through projection. In Scandinavia, the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were times of upheaval, during which regions changed political affiliation and nations formed shifting political unions. Norway had not been an independent nation since 1380, but by the turn of the nineteenth century, Norwegian national consciousness was emerging, in parallel with the rise of ideas about the national state in the rest of Europe. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether and how the rising focus on national identity in Norway was nurtured through cartography during the final decades of the union with Denmark (1380-1814) and the first decades of the new union with Sweden from 1814 (-1905). A further aim has been to consider how Sweden, as the senior union partner, might similarly have used cartography to keep the union together as a unity, in opposition to the Norwegian national self-assertion. A selection of Scandinavian maps from the late eighteenth century and throughout the nineteenth century have been analysed with a focus on cartographic elements with potential impact on national identity. The main results indicate that both Norwegian and Swedish maps of that time may have been used as instruments of political influence. The use of cartographic elements on the analysed maps in general seem to have strengthened Swedish hegemony on one side and Norwegian nationalism on the other side, thus reinforcing the political division of Scandinavia still seen today.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43166079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2023.01.01
Solveig Nachtigall, Thomas Stockenhofen, L. Giani
Until the beginning of the 20th century, bog burning culture was a common cultivation system for food production on otherwise non-arable bog peat soils. Burning and preliminary drainage of the peat impacted the soils nutrient supply, bog morphology and soils properties. To gain insights into the long-term effects of bog burning culture on the landscape and soils, a burned and unburned area within a rewetted bog complex were comparatively analysed. It was hypothesised that bog burning had a lasting effect on the soil chemistry, that the trenches created for drainage prior to burning are still detectable in the bog morphology, and that the altered soil chemistry exhibiting enhanced nutrient supply resulted in a change of vegetation patterns. To verify this, the soil chemistry was analysed regarding pH, carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and contents of plant available phosphate (PO43-) and potassium (K). The morphology was examined by means of aerial imagery and vegetation patterns were assessed in the field. It was shown that while PO43-- contents were similar, pH values and K contents of the burned area were elevated compared with the unburned area. Accordingly, they can be used as an indicator for bog burning culture, even a century after the end of the practice. As expected, C/N ratios were narrowed in the burned area, which however cannot exclusively be attributed to bog burning, since peat mineralisation in the previously drained bog soils caused narrowing C/N ratios as well. The trench structure for drainage was still visible in aerial images and vegetation patterns were similar in the burned and unburned areas. Overall, the aftermath of bog burning was still apparent in morphology and soil chemistry, however the effect was less severe than expected, as vegetation patterns and the overall restoration success were not impacted. This provides a reasonable expectation that bogs are resilient towards bog burning and the latter is no obstacle for successful restoration.
{"title":"Traces of past bog burning culture in rewetted bog soils (Emsland region, Germany)","authors":"Solveig Nachtigall, Thomas Stockenhofen, L. Giani","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2023.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2023.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Until the beginning of the 20th century, bog burning culture was a common cultivation system for food production on otherwise non-arable bog peat soils. Burning and preliminary drainage of the peat impacted the soils nutrient supply, bog morphology and soils properties. To gain insights into the long-term effects of bog burning culture on the landscape and soils, a burned and unburned area within a rewetted bog complex were comparatively analysed. It was hypothesised that bog burning had a lasting effect on the soil chemistry, that the trenches created for drainage prior to burning are still detectable in the bog morphology, and that the altered soil chemistry exhibiting enhanced nutrient supply resulted in a change of vegetation patterns. To verify this, the soil chemistry was analysed regarding pH, carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and contents of plant available phosphate (PO43-) and potassium (K). The morphology was examined by means of aerial imagery and vegetation patterns were assessed in the field. It was shown that while PO43-- contents were similar, pH values and K contents of the burned area were elevated compared with the unburned area. Accordingly, they can be used as an indicator for bog burning culture, even a century after the end of the practice. As expected, C/N ratios were narrowed in the burned area, which however cannot exclusively be attributed to bog burning, since peat mineralisation in the previously drained bog soils caused narrowing C/N ratios as well. The trench structure for drainage was still visible in aerial images and vegetation patterns were similar in the burned and unburned areas. Overall, the aftermath of bog burning was still apparent in morphology and soil chemistry, however the effect was less severe than expected, as vegetation patterns and the overall restoration success were not impacted. This provides a reasonable expectation that bogs are resilient towards bog burning and the latter is no obstacle for successful restoration.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43061789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2022.04.04
Tânia R. Pereira, L. Francon, C. Corona, M. Stoffel
Shrub dendrochronology is gaining increasing momentum in temperate high mountain regions to decipher climatic controls on current shrub expansion. Yet, a lack of consensus still persists in terms of sampling protocols, thus hampering comparability of results from different studies. For instance, serial sectioning, i.e. the sampling of multiple sections along the same shrub stem is recommended as it increases the detection of partial and missing rings, but has only been employed in few studies as it is time-consuming. Similarly, as a result of serial sectioning, chronologies frequently combine sections sampled at different positions along the stem and at the root collar which hinders the detection of climatic signals. Here, we used cross-sections sampled on 21 Rhododendron ferrugineum shrubs from the French Pyrenees to define a parsimonious protocol enabling detection of partial and missing rings while increasing the strength of the climate signal in the shrub ring chronology. We demonstrate that partial and missing rings are almost evenly distributed along Rhododendron ferrugineum stems and that they can be detected optimally using two sections on which growth rings are measured along three radii. Our results also evidence that chronologies which include only ring-width series from basal sections more strongly integrate summer temperature fluctuations than stem-based or mixed chronologies. Noteworthy, the snowpack signal is stronger in chronologies with individuals from the upper stem sections. Overall, our results confirm that sampling design - serial sectioning and caution in ring-width series aggregation - is key to ensure robustness of dendroecological studies on dwarf shrubs in alpine environments.
{"title":"Importance of sampling design to increase climate signal detection in shrub ring chronologies","authors":"Tânia R. Pereira, L. Francon, C. Corona, M. Stoffel","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2022.04.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2022.04.04","url":null,"abstract":"Shrub dendrochronology is gaining increasing momentum in temperate high mountain regions to decipher climatic controls on current shrub expansion. Yet, a lack of consensus still persists in terms of sampling protocols, thus hampering comparability of results from different studies. For instance, serial sectioning, i.e. the sampling of multiple sections along the same shrub stem is recommended as it increases the detection of partial and missing rings, but has only been employed in few studies as it is time-consuming. Similarly, as a result of serial sectioning, chronologies frequently combine sections sampled at different positions along the stem and at the root collar which hinders the detection of climatic signals. Here, we used cross-sections sampled on 21 Rhododendron ferrugineum shrubs from the French Pyrenees to define a parsimonious protocol enabling detection of partial and missing rings while increasing the strength of the climate signal in the shrub ring chronology. We demonstrate that partial and missing rings are almost evenly distributed along Rhododendron ferrugineum stems and that they can be detected optimally using two sections on which growth rings are measured along three radii. Our results also evidence that chronologies which include only ring-width series from basal sections more strongly integrate summer temperature fluctuations than stem-based or mixed chronologies. Noteworthy, the snowpack signal is stronger in chronologies with individuals from the upper stem sections. Overall, our results confirm that sampling design - serial sectioning and caution in ring-width series aggregation - is key to ensure robustness of dendroecological studies on dwarf shrubs in alpine environments.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46437594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2022.04.06
Michael Spies
{"title":"Book review: Jürgen Wasim Frembgen: At the foot of the Fairy Mountain: The Nagerkuts of the Karakoram/Northern Pakistan","authors":"Michael Spies","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2022.04.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2022.04.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48381234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2022.04.02
Christine Lang
Geographies of international migration are classically observed and described as spatial patterns of movements between nation states. This applies in particular ways to the migration of health professionals, whose spatial patterns are the object of much debate due to their consequences on healthcare provision and the reproduction of global inequalities. Often, the spatialities of this migration are explained by macro-level socioeconomic and institutional structures. This is paralleled by a widespread focus on the (inter)national scale. This paper aims to extend the perspective by exploring and conceptualizing the role of the meso-level of organizations in shaping geographies of migration. Based on the discussion of three crucial types of organizations involved in structuring and channelling mobility – state authorities, migration and labour-market intermediaries, and employers – the paper develops a framework for a systematic analysis of the organizational co-production of geographies of migration in the health sector and beyond. This draws attention to important mechanisms producing geographies of migration and allows a grasp of the role of various spaces other than nation states in the production of migration.
{"title":"Organizations and geographies of migration: The case of health professionals","authors":"Christine Lang","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2022.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2022.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"Geographies of international migration are classically observed and described as spatial patterns of movements between nation states. This applies in particular ways to the migration of health professionals, whose spatial patterns are the object of much debate due to their consequences on healthcare provision and the reproduction of global inequalities. Often, the spatialities of this migration are explained by macro-level socioeconomic and institutional structures. This is paralleled by a widespread focus on the (inter)national scale. This paper aims to extend the perspective by exploring and conceptualizing the role of the meso-level of organizations in shaping geographies of migration. Based on the discussion of three crucial types of organizations involved in structuring and channelling mobility – state authorities, migration and labour-market intermediaries, and employers – the paper develops a framework for a systematic analysis of the organizational co-production of geographies of migration in the health sector and beyond. This draws attention to important mechanisms producing geographies of migration and allows a grasp of the role of various spaces other than nation states in the production of migration.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45049966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2022.04.03
L. F. Weldemariam, P. Sakdapolrak, A. Ayanlade
Food insecurity continues to be a major international concern aggravated by the economic crisis, pandemics, violent conflicts and war. In the past decade, scholars have highlighted the role of migration in household food security, yet the interrelationships between migration and food security have shown disconnections in the literature. This study is therefore intended to provide empirical evidence of the food security–migration nexus in the case of Ethiopia’s Tigray region. Mixed-methods approaches were used in the study, including semi-structured household and expert interviews and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). The study demonstrates that migration, through the flow of both financial and social remittance, has a positive impact on household food security. Based on the results, remittances contribute to household food security in a variety of ways, including facilitating the acquisition of consumable goods, diversifying sources of income, and funding the purchase of production-related inputs and health insurance, housing, and other household goals. Furthermore, the findings establish that migration is a reaction to a variety of circumstances, primarily prompted by economic factors, such as a desire to enhance one’s standard of life, high levels of poverty, high unemployment, low agricultural yields, and food crises. The study concludes that migration has dual implications for household food security: on the one hand, migration as a response strategy to food insecurity, and on the other hand, migration as a form of vulnerability to household food insecurity, demonstrating the reciprocal relationship between food security and migration.
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