Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2020.03.03
Marcus Hübscher, Juana Schulze, Felix zur Lage, Johannes Ringel
Short-term rentals such as Airbnb have become a persistent element of today’s urbanism around the globe. The impacts are manifold and differ depending on the context. In cities with a traditionally smaller accommodation market, the impacts might be particularly strong, as Airbnb contributes to ongoing touristification processes. Despite that, small and medium-sized cities have not been in the centre of research so far. This paper focuses on Santa Cruz de Tenerife as a medium-sized Spanish city. Although embedded in the touristic region of the Canary Islands, Santa Cruz is not a tourist city per se but still relies on touristification strategies. This paper aims to expand the knowledge of Airbnb’s spatial patterns in this type of city. The use of data collected from web scraping and geographic information systems (GIS) demonstrates that Airbnb has opened up new tourism markets outside of the centrally established tourist accommodations. It also shows that the price gap between Airbnb and the housing rental market is broadest in neighbourhoods that had not experienced tourism before Airbnb entered the market. In the centre the highest prices and the smallest units are identified, but two peripheral quarters stand out. Anaga Mountains, a natural and rural space, has the highest numbers of Airbnb listings per capita. Suroeste, a suburban quarter, shows the highest growth rates on the rental market, which implies a linkage between Airbnb and suburbanization processes.
{"title":"The impact of Airbnb on a non-touristic city. A Case study of short-term rentals in Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain)","authors":"Marcus Hübscher, Juana Schulze, Felix zur Lage, Johannes Ringel","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2020.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2020.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Short-term rentals such as Airbnb have become a persistent element of today’s urbanism around the globe. The impacts are manifold and differ depending on the context. In cities with a traditionally smaller accommodation market, the impacts might be particularly strong, as Airbnb contributes to ongoing touristification processes. Despite that, small and medium-sized cities have not been in the centre of research so far. This paper focuses on Santa Cruz de Tenerife as a medium-sized Spanish city. Although embedded in the touristic region of the Canary Islands, Santa Cruz is not a tourist city per se but still relies on touristification strategies. This paper aims to expand the knowledge of Airbnb’s spatial patterns in this type of city. The use of data collected from web scraping and geographic information systems (GIS) demonstrates that Airbnb has opened up new tourism markets outside of the centrally established tourist accommodations. It also shows that the price gap between Airbnb and the housing rental market is broadest in neighbourhoods that had not experienced tourism before Airbnb entered the market. In the centre the highest prices and the smallest units are identified, but two peripheral quarters stand out. Anaga Mountains, a natural and rural space, has the highest numbers of Airbnb listings per capita. Suroeste, a suburban quarter, shows the highest growth rates on the rental market, which implies a linkage between Airbnb and suburbanization processes.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":"74 1","pages":"191-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46581012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2020.03.04
V. Bachmann, Rirhandu Mageza-Barthel, E. Mawdsley
This contribution centres around a conversation with Emma Mawdsley, held at Goethe-University Frankfurt on 31 January 2019 in the context of the closing events of the programme on ‘Africa’s Asian Options’ (AFRASO) – a large interdisciplinary research programme, funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) between 2013 and 2019. During this time, we investigated the heterogeneous spaces of interaction between Africa and Asia; it closed with a lecture series, entitled ‘Afrasian Futures’ during which Emma Mawdsley delivered the final lecture. In this contribution, we address contemporary debates and the evolution of development geography, focussing in particular on Mawdsley’s rich contributions as regards the role of ‘new’ development partners, such as China and so called ‘emerging economies’, and South-South cooperation as well as on transdisciplinary connections of the subdiscipline. It starts with an introductory part in form of a brief reflection on the role of development geography in the wider context of academic engagement with the broad complex of ‘development’, in particular as regards the interdisciplinary field of ‘development studies’. In the following we highlight two key aspects of Mawdsley’s work and contribution to such research: i) a long-term shift away from North-South towards South-South relations; and ii) an emphasis on socio-political dimensions of development geography through feminist and queer perspectives. Following an initial introduction, the remainder of the contribution consists of a conversation with Emma Mawdsley.
{"title":"The politics of development geographies: new partners, transdisciplinary perspectives. A conversation with Emma Mawdsley","authors":"V. Bachmann, Rirhandu Mageza-Barthel, E. Mawdsley","doi":"10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2020.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2020.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution centres around a conversation with Emma Mawdsley, held at Goethe-University Frankfurt on 31 January 2019 in the context of the closing events of the programme on ‘Africa’s Asian Options’ (AFRASO) – a large interdisciplinary research programme, funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) between 2013 and 2019. During this time, we investigated the heterogeneous spaces of interaction between Africa and Asia; it closed with a lecture series, entitled ‘Afrasian Futures’ during which Emma Mawdsley delivered the final lecture. In this contribution, we address contemporary debates and the evolution of development geography, focussing in particular on Mawdsley’s rich contributions as regards the role of ‘new’ development partners, such as China and so called ‘emerging economies’, and South-South cooperation as well as on transdisciplinary connections of the subdiscipline. It starts with an introductory part in form of a brief reflection on the role of development geography in the wider context of academic engagement with the broad complex of ‘development’, in particular as regards the interdisciplinary field of ‘development studies’. In the following we highlight two key aspects of Mawdsley’s work and contribution to such research: i) a long-term shift away from North-South towards South-South relations; and ii) an emphasis on socio-political dimensions of development geography through feminist and queer perspectives. Following an initial introduction, the remainder of the contribution consists of a conversation with Emma Mawdsley.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45813549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2020.03.01
Pengfei Feng, Anna Growe, Yuming Shen
This article deals with the processes of decentralisation and functional specialisation in the Chinese mega-city region of the Pearl River Delta (PRD). The PRD is one of the three largest mega-city regions and is the most polycentric of the three. Spatial changes in economic activities from 2000 to 2010 were analysed, based on occupational data. This analysis showed that, on one hand, the large centres are undergoing an upgrade and the range of occupations in formerly predominantly industrial centres has been expanded to include high-quality service occupations. On the other hand, decentralisation processes of economic activities in the hinterland were observed. In the formerly small economic centres in the hinterland, industrial activities, in particular, are on the increase. Service occupations continue to be concentrated in the large centres.
{"title":"Decentralisation and functional specialisation in super mega-city regions: Changing functional patterns of manufacturing and knowledge-intensive business services activities in the polycentric super mega-city region of the Pearl River Delta","authors":"Pengfei Feng, Anna Growe, Yuming Shen","doi":"10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2020.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/ERDKUNDE.2020.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the processes of decentralisation and functional specialisation in the Chinese mega-city region of the Pearl River Delta (PRD). The PRD is one of the three largest mega-city regions and is the most polycentric of the three. Spatial changes in economic activities from 2000 to 2010 were analysed, based on occupational data. This analysis showed that, on one hand, the large centres are undergoing an upgrade and the range of occupations in formerly predominantly industrial centres has been expanded to include high-quality service occupations. On the other hand, decentralisation processes of economic activities in the hinterland were observed. In the formerly small economic centres in the hinterland, industrial activities, in particular, are on the increase. Service occupations continue to be concentrated in the large centres.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":"74 1","pages":"161-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47991806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2020.02.03
F. Kimario, Nina Botha, A. Kisingo, H. Job
The integrity of Protected Areas depends on the surrounding communities and their land as they provide crucial ecological functions as wildlife corridors. Hence, the paper analyses the performance of Tanzanian Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) to better understand their relevance for safeguarding biodiversity outside of traditional protected areas, e.g. national parks. The article assesses the potential of WMAs, which have complex social and ecological processes and interactions, to achieve their environmental and socio-economic goals from a governance perspective. Therefore, a combination of two theoretical approaches – the Social-Ecological Systems Framework (SESF) and the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) – was employed to provide a thorough and methodical evaluation of their system dynamics. This research mainly presents data gathered in 2017 in eight fully authorised WMAs of different ages, and which represent a tourist activity gradient from no nature-based to well-developed. Qualitative empirical research included focus group discussions, field observations and semi-structured interviews with key persons and representatives of different organisations. These include local managers and members of WMAs, regional District Councils officials from the areas where the WMAs have been established, and international stakeholders. The study shows that local governance of wildlife resources in most WMAs is still plagued by understaffing, inadequate funding, insufficient skills and knowledge, and investment issues. As a result, it takes time for the tourist industry to find confidence in the WMA concept, but recent figures show that WMA related tourism facilities which are increasingly sponsored by private investors, show higher revenues. Therefore, for WMAs to be sustainable, it is imperative to address the concerns mentioned above. Community-based conservation is part of development and the improvement of the overall wellbeing of people. However, in practice, everything is still only valued in terms of direct cash benefits. Where the analysed WMAs are failing it is mostly because unsustainable revenue sources cannot provide in their daily operational needs or adequately fund community development projects. Hence, because conservation is expensive, the key to the long-term sustainability of WMAs remains impeccable governance and financial stability.
{"title":"Theory and practice of conservancies: evidence from wildlife management areas in Tanzania","authors":"F. Kimario, Nina Botha, A. Kisingo, H. Job","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2020.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2020.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"The integrity of Protected Areas depends on the surrounding communities and their land as they provide crucial ecological functions as wildlife corridors. Hence, the paper analyses the performance of Tanzanian Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) to better understand their relevance for safeguarding biodiversity outside of traditional protected areas, e.g. national parks. The article assesses the potential of WMAs, which have complex social and ecological processes and interactions, to achieve their environmental and socio-economic goals from a governance perspective. Therefore, a combination of two theoretical approaches – the Social-Ecological Systems Framework (SESF) and the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) – was employed to provide a thorough and methodical evaluation of their system dynamics. This research mainly presents data gathered in 2017 in eight fully authorised WMAs of different ages, and which represent a tourist activity gradient from no nature-based to well-developed. Qualitative empirical research included focus group discussions, field observations and semi-structured interviews with key persons and representatives of different organisations. These include local managers and members of WMAs, regional District Councils officials from the areas where the WMAs have been established, and international stakeholders. The study shows that local governance of wildlife resources in most WMAs is still plagued by understaffing, inadequate funding, insufficient skills and knowledge, and investment issues. As a result, it takes time for the tourist industry to find confidence in the WMA concept, but recent figures show that WMA related tourism facilities which are increasingly sponsored by private investors, show higher revenues. Therefore, for WMAs to be sustainable, it is imperative to address the concerns mentioned above. Community-based conservation is part of development and the improvement of the overall wellbeing of people. However, in practice, everything is still only valued in terms of direct cash benefits. Where the analysed WMAs are failing it is mostly because unsustainable revenue sources cannot provide in their daily operational needs or adequately fund community development projects. Hence, because conservation is expensive, the key to the long-term sustainability of WMAs remains impeccable governance and financial stability.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":"1 1","pages":"117-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45805940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2020.02.04
V. Hruška, O. Konečný, Zdeňka Smutná, B. Duží
The main aim of the article is to present a regional analysis of alternative food networks (AFNs) in the old industrial Moravia-Silesian Region in Czechia accompanied by an assessment of their extent, the basic characteristics of their constituents and evolution during the period between 2014-2018. Although a number of studies on AFNs have been published so far, a detailed geographical analysis of AFNs from the regions of Central and Eastern Europe is missing. This paper aims to fill this research gap by providing an in-depth regional analysis of AFNs' spatial distribution while covering both the production (farms integrated in AFNs) and consumption side of ‘local’ food (selected forms of its distribution). Based on selected publicly available databases, we revealed that the proportion of farms integrated in AFNs out of the total number of farms in the region was only 1.4% (or 5% of the total number of organic farms) in 2018. However, significant growth in the number of farms producing food for AFNs and on site farm sales was registered within the monitored period. Only one third of AFN farms can be considered as small farms (up to 10 ha). AFN farms dominantly focused on animal production and were concentrated mostly in the proximity of urban areas favourable for agriculture. The low number of identified farms might be explained, inter alia, by the higher intensity of food self-provisioning in the region.
{"title":": Evolution of alternative food networks in an old industrial region of Czechia","authors":"V. Hruška, O. Konečný, Zdeňka Smutná, B. Duží","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2020.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2020.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of the article is to present a regional analysis of alternative food networks (AFNs) in the old industrial Moravia-Silesian Region in Czechia accompanied by an assessment of their extent, the basic characteristics of their constituents and evolution during the period between 2014-2018. Although a number of studies on AFNs have been published so far, a detailed geographical analysis of AFNs from the regions of Central and Eastern Europe is missing. This paper aims to fill this research gap by providing an in-depth regional analysis of AFNs' spatial distribution while covering both the production (farms integrated in AFNs) and consumption side of ‘local’ food (selected forms of its distribution). Based on selected publicly available databases, we revealed that the proportion of farms integrated in AFNs out of the total number of farms in the region was only 1.4% (or 5% of the total number of organic farms) in 2018. However, significant growth in the number of farms producing food for AFNs and on site farm sales was registered within the monitored period. Only one third of AFN farms can be considered as small farms (up to 10 ha). AFN farms dominantly focused on animal production and were concentrated mostly in the proximity of urban areas favourable for agriculture. The low number of identified farms might be explained, inter alia, by the higher intensity of food self-provisioning in the region.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":"1 1","pages":"143-159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47661771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2020.01.04
Zahir Ahmad, F. Rahman, A. Dittmann, K. Hussain, I. Ihsanullah
Irrigation water scarcity is a rapidly growing problem in the Hindu Kush-Karakorum-Himalayan region. Water is depleting and becoming scarce around the world due to a lack of integrated water management. Researchers have focused on sophisticated irrigation water management systems as an integral strategy to address water scarcity. However, rapid population growth, climate variability, and changes in mountain regions are exerting increasing pressure on water resources. To cope with water scarcity situations, local communities have developed sustainable management mechanisms throughout the mountain regions of the world. These practices are considered as adaptive strategies to address scarcity situations. This article aims to explore the multi-stage, spatio-temporal indigenous appropriation mechanisms of irrigation water and to analyze the seasonal variation in water entitlements in a semi-arid mountain milieu, i.e., Kushum-Chitral. This study is based on a decade of research conducted in the study area. Data were collected in four phases from 2010 to 2018. The study indicates that the share of co-owners has decreased substantially over time due to demographic development and climate change but does not always lead to the tragedy of commons. The study reveals that the local communities have the capacity and capability to sustainably manage an important and scarce resource – i.e., irrigation water – without external intervention.
{"title":"Water crisis in the Eastern Hindu Kush: a micro-level study of community-based irrigation water management in the mountain village Kushum, Pakistan","authors":"Zahir Ahmad, F. Rahman, A. Dittmann, K. Hussain, I. Ihsanullah","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2020.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2020.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigation water scarcity is a rapidly growing problem in the Hindu Kush-Karakorum-Himalayan region. Water is depleting and becoming scarce around the world due to a lack of integrated water management. Researchers have focused on sophisticated irrigation water management systems as an integral strategy to address water scarcity. However, rapid population growth, climate variability, and changes in mountain regions are exerting increasing pressure on water resources. To cope with water scarcity situations, local communities have developed sustainable management mechanisms throughout the mountain regions of the world. These practices are considered as adaptive strategies to address scarcity situations. This article aims to explore the multi-stage, spatio-temporal indigenous appropriation mechanisms of irrigation water and to analyze the seasonal variation in water entitlements in a semi-arid mountain milieu, i.e., Kushum-Chitral. This study is based on a decade of research conducted in the study area. Data were collected in four phases from 2010 to 2018. The study indicates that the share of co-owners has decreased substantially over time due to demographic development and climate change but does not always lead to the tragedy of commons. The study reveals that the local communities have the capacity and capability to sustainably manage an important and scarce resource – i.e., irrigation water – without external intervention.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":"74 1","pages":"59-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42362520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2020.01.01
A. Kirchner, N. Herrmann, Robin Stadtmann, T. Lahmer, Lisa-Marie Hille, T. Steinbrecher, M. Sauerwein
The Hildesheimer Wald is a subdued mountain range situated at the northern transition from the Central German Uplands to the North German Plains. Widespread hollow way systems are distinctive anthropogeomorphic features documenting the historical importance of the region in terms of traffic and land use issues. In this manuscript we focus on the detection of hollow ways and the quantification of the surface area affected by hollow ways. Therefore, we used i) pedo-morphological field mapping in two selected areas of the central Hildesheimer Wald Mountains. These two areas were additionally surveyed using ii) a semi-automated GIS-based modelling approach to compare both mapping methodologies. The analysis of the calculated hollow-way-affected surface areas shows only minor differences (2.8 % and 0.7 %) indicating the overall high potential of this GIS-approach to map and outline hollow way systems. The pedological investigations in the two selected areas demonstrate that the soilscape is largely transformed where hollow ways frequently appear. During the development phase of hollow ways, concentrated surface runoff led to strong erosional processes at the hollow way bottoms and subsequently relatively shallow soils. In consequence, there is a remarkable loss of forestry area at degraded hollow way bottom sites, suggesting reduced usability for commercial forestry. In the second part of the study we used the GIS-mapping approach to calculate the hollowway-affected surface area for the forested area of the entire Hildesheimer Wald Mountains. We ascertained an area of 183 ha representing approximately 2.2 % of the total mountain range. Due to methodological limitations in very shallow pronounced hollow way sections it is very likely that this value is a rather conservative approximation of the real extent of hollow way systems. Since hollow ways represent preservable environmental archives storing information on cultural landscape development, we are strongly in favor of the implementation of protection measures in these specific areas. Hollow way systems should be managed adequately to avoid further degradation and additionally increase the quantity and quality of wildlife habitats.
{"title":"Spatial analysis of hollow ways in the Hildesheimer Wald Mountains (Lower Saxony, Germany) as a model for mountainous regions of Central Europe","authors":"A. Kirchner, N. Herrmann, Robin Stadtmann, T. Lahmer, Lisa-Marie Hille, T. Steinbrecher, M. Sauerwein","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2020.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2020.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"The Hildesheimer Wald is a subdued mountain range situated at the northern transition from the Central German Uplands to the North German Plains. Widespread hollow way systems are distinctive anthropogeomorphic features documenting the historical importance of the region in terms of traffic and land use issues. In this manuscript we focus on the detection of hollow ways and the quantification of the surface area affected by hollow ways. Therefore, we used i) pedo-morphological field mapping in two selected areas of the central Hildesheimer Wald Mountains. These two areas were additionally surveyed using ii) a semi-automated GIS-based modelling approach to compare both mapping methodologies. The analysis of the calculated hollow-way-affected surface areas shows only minor differences (2.8 % and 0.7 %) indicating the overall high potential of this GIS-approach to map and outline hollow way systems. The pedological investigations in the two selected areas demonstrate that the soilscape is largely transformed where hollow ways frequently appear. During the development phase of hollow ways, concentrated surface runoff led to strong erosional processes at the hollow way bottoms and subsequently relatively shallow soils. In consequence, there is a remarkable loss of forestry area at degraded hollow way bottom sites, suggesting reduced usability for commercial forestry. In the second part of the study we used the GIS-mapping approach to calculate the hollowway-affected surface area for the forested area of the entire Hildesheimer Wald Mountains. We ascertained an area of 183 ha representing approximately 2.2 % of the total mountain range. Due to methodological limitations in very shallow pronounced hollow way sections it is very likely that this value is a rather conservative approximation of the real extent of hollow way systems. Since hollow ways represent preservable environmental archives storing information on cultural landscape development, we are strongly in favor of the implementation of protection measures in these specific areas. Hollow way systems should be managed adequately to avoid further degradation and additionally increase the quantity and quality of wildlife habitats.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":"74 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46690967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2019.04.03
P. Marr, S. Winkler, J. Löffler
The investigation of periglacial and related landforms in South Norway is of great interest for exploring the timing of deglaciation and to assess their geomorphological connectivity to palaeoclimatic changes during the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene. The ice margins of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are reasonably well established. Palaeo-ice thickness can, however, only be estimated by modelling and remains uncertain over large parts of Norway due to sparse field based evidence. Because of the significant influence of the former horizontal and vertical ice-sheet extent on sea-level rise, atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns, erosive properties of glaciers and ice sheets, englacial thermal boundaries, and deglaciation dynamics, it is crucial to improve the understanding of the topographic properties of the LGM ice sheet. Despite recent progress, there is a lack of terrestrial evidence in the form of numerical age data from South Norway. In this study two high-mountain regions and their surroundings in west (Dalsnibba, 1476 m a.s.l.) and east (Blåhø, 1617 m a.s.l.) South Norway were studied to reconstruct palaeoclimatic conditions and deglaciation patterns. Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (10Be) and Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) have been utilized to determine the surface exposure age of glacially transported boulders as well as of boulder-dominated glacial, periglacial, and paraglacial landforms and bedrock outcrops. By developing calibration curves at both study sites for the first time it was possible to obtain landform-age estimates from Schmidt hammer R-(rebound) values. In addition, the formation and stabilization of those landforms and the formative processes have provided indications about the Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate variability and its connectivity to landform development.
对挪威南部冰缘地貌和相关地貌的调查对于探索冰川消融的时间以及评估其地貌与晚更新世和全新世古气候变化的联系具有重要意义。斯堪的纳维亚冰盖在最后一次冰川盛期（LGM）的冰缘已经得到了合理的确定。然而，古冰厚度只能通过建模来估计，由于缺乏实地证据，挪威大部分地区的古冰厚度仍不确定。由于以前的水平和垂直冰盖范围对海平面上升、大气和海洋环流模式、冰川和冰盖的侵蚀特性、英界面热边界和冰川消融动力学有着重要影响，因此提高对LGM冰盖地形特性的理解至关重要。尽管最近取得了进展，但缺乏来自南挪威的数字年龄数据形式的陆地证据。在本研究中，研究了挪威南部西部（Dalsnibba，1476 m a.s.l.）和东部（Blåhø，1617 m a.s.l.）的两个高山区及其周围环境，以重建古气候条件和冰川消融模式。陆地宇宙成因核素（10Be）和Schmidt-hammer暴露年龄定年（SHD）已被用于确定冰川搬运巨石以及以巨石为主的冰川、冰缘和副冰川地貌和基岩露头的表面暴露年龄。通过首次在两个研究地点绘制校准曲线，可以从Schmidt-hammer R-（回弹）值中获得地貌年龄估计值。此外，这些地貌的形成和稳定以及形成过程为晚更新世和全新世的气候变化及其与地貌发展的联系提供了指示。
{"title":"Aspects of Late Weichselian deglaciation in South Norway: timing of deglaciation, ice sheet geometry, and climate variations inferred from surface exposure ages of Late Pleistocene and Holocene landforms","authors":"P. Marr, S. Winkler, J. Löffler","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2019.04.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2019.04.03","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation of periglacial and related landforms in South Norway is of great interest for exploring the timing of deglaciation and to assess their geomorphological connectivity to palaeoclimatic changes during the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene. The ice margins of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are reasonably well established. Palaeo-ice thickness can, however, only be estimated by modelling and remains uncertain over large parts of Norway due to sparse field based evidence. Because of the significant influence of the former horizontal and vertical ice-sheet extent on sea-level rise, atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns, erosive properties of glaciers and ice sheets, englacial thermal boundaries, and deglaciation dynamics, it is crucial to improve the understanding of the topographic properties of the LGM ice sheet. Despite recent progress, there is a lack of terrestrial evidence in the form of numerical age data from South Norway. In this study two high-mountain regions and their surroundings in west (Dalsnibba, 1476 m a.s.l.) and east (Blåhø, 1617 m a.s.l.) South Norway were studied to reconstruct palaeoclimatic conditions and deglaciation patterns. Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (10Be) and Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) have been utilized to determine the surface exposure age of glacially transported boulders as well as of boulder-dominated glacial, periglacial, and paraglacial landforms and bedrock outcrops. By developing calibration curves at both study sites for the first time it was possible to obtain landform-age estimates from Schmidt hammer R-(rebound) values. In addition, the formation and stabilization of those landforms and the formative processes have provided indications about the Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate variability and its connectivity to landform development.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":"73 1","pages":"277-301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43586564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2019.04.02
Stefan Applis
This study centres on the village community of Ushguli, located in the Upper Svaneti region in the north of Georgia. After attaining UNESCO World Heritage status in 1996, and benefiting since around 2010 from the establishment of secure state structures and systems, Ushguli has seen an incremental rise in tourism. Thus far, it has been relatively unprepared for meeting the interests and needs of visitors and coping with the diversity characterising modern lifestyles. The encounter and in many instances clash of interests between villagers and tourists is correspondingly difficult to channel and manage; visitor numbers are continuously growing, due at least in part to local residents’ efforts to advance their economic goals. Ushguli therefore represents a space offering ideal experimental conditions for the exploration of tourism as a strategy for overcoming economic and social crisis and of its effects on preexisting spatial, economic, environmental and social structures, against a backdrop of change to material and immaterial objects driven by various stakeholders. This article provides an overview of the specific focus of this study, commenced in 2017 and planned to cover a duration of several years, and of the research approach taken, as well as outlining central findings.
{"title":"On the influence of mountain and heritage tourism in Georgia: the exemplary case of Ushguli","authors":"Stefan Applis","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2019.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2019.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"This study centres on the village community of Ushguli, located in the Upper Svaneti region in the north of Georgia. After attaining UNESCO World Heritage status in 1996, and benefiting since around 2010 from the establishment of secure state structures and systems, Ushguli has seen an incremental rise in tourism. Thus far, it has been relatively unprepared for meeting the interests and needs of visitors and coping with the diversity characterising modern lifestyles. The encounter and in many instances clash of interests between villagers and tourists is correspondingly difficult to channel and manage; visitor numbers are continuously growing, due at least in part to local residents’ efforts to advance their economic goals. Ushguli therefore represents a space offering ideal experimental conditions for the exploration of tourism as a strategy for overcoming economic and social crisis and of its effects on preexisting spatial, economic, environmental and social structures, against a backdrop of change to material and immaterial objects driven by various stakeholders. This article provides an overview of the specific focus of this study, commenced in 2017 and planned to cover a duration of several years, and of the research approach taken, as well as outlining central findings.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44680438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3112/erdkunde.2019.04.01
A. Domènech, Blaise Larpin, R. Schegg, M. Scaglione
The unprecedented worldwide growth of Airbnb over the last decade deserves to be analysed from a geographical perspective so as to understand the underlying logic behind the spatial distribution of the accommodation offered on the platform. Multiple territorial and economic variables may influence this distribution. In this context, the article aims to analyse the spatial distribution of Airbnb in Switzerland and identify its determinants. Geographical Information Systems are used to analyse the geographical distribution of Airbnb listings, and Negative Binomial Models are applied to identify its determining factors. Results are particularly interesting as they highlight that Airbnb listings are mainly clustered geographically in specific areas of the country. The success of Airbnb as an accommodation supply platform has led to a concentration of Airbnb listings in areas of Switzerland where hotel supply is significant, but also in areas where there is a high presence of second homes and the potential for generating profit from the housing market is greater.
{"title":"Disentangling the geographical logic of Airbnb in Switzerland","authors":"A. Domènech, Blaise Larpin, R. Schegg, M. Scaglione","doi":"10.3112/erdkunde.2019.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2019.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"The unprecedented worldwide growth of Airbnb over the last decade deserves to be analysed from a geographical perspective so as to understand the underlying logic behind the spatial distribution of the accommodation offered on the platform. Multiple territorial and economic variables may influence this distribution. In this context, the article aims to analyse the spatial distribution of Airbnb in Switzerland and identify its determinants. Geographical Information Systems are used to analyse the geographical distribution of Airbnb listings, and Negative Binomial Models are applied to identify its determining factors. Results are particularly interesting as they highlight that Airbnb listings are mainly clustered geographically in specific areas of the country. The success of Airbnb as an accommodation supply platform has led to a concentration of Airbnb listings in areas of Switzerland where hotel supply is significant, but also in areas where there is a high presence of second homes and the potential for generating profit from the housing market is greater.","PeriodicalId":11917,"journal":{"name":"Erdkunde","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41623756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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