Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91340
C. Anarado, Emmanuel Ekolie, C. Iziga, C. E. Anarado, Augustine N. Eboatu
Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus are two important fish species that are widely consumed in many parts of the world. This study investigated the nutritional composition, fatty acid profiles and organoleptic evaluation of these two fish species raised under wild and pond-cultured systems. Five samples each of the species were randomly collected from Ashaka Town, Delta State, Nigeria. The proximate composition was determined using standard AOAC methods. Fatty acid profiles were analyzed using gas chromatography, while organoleptic evaluation was conducted using twenty panelists. C. gariepinus exhibited significantly lower (p<0.05) moisture content (77.76±0.45 and 79.06±0.36) and higher crude fat content (1.75±0.14 and 1.32±0.33) respectively in both wild and pond-cultured species compared to O. niloticus. C. gariepinus had higher protein content than O. niloticus in both wild and pond-cultured species. The carbohydrate content of O. niloticus was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in C. gariepinus, while the ash content of C. gariepinus and O. niloticus was not significantly different (p>0.05). Both species exhibited variations in their fatty acid profiles, with significant differences (p<0.05) observed in the levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). All wild and pond- cultured fish species had the same pattern of fatty acid composition SFAs > PUFAs > MUFAs except wild C. gariepinus with SFAs > MUFAs > PUFAs pattern. Pond-cultured O. niloticus and C. gariepinus had higher total n-3 PUFAs and lower n-6 PUFAs values while wild O. niloticus and C. gariepinus had lower n-3 PUFAs and higher n-6 PUFAs values. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The results indicated significant organoleptic differences (p<0.05) in consumer preference between wild and pond-cultured C. gariepinus, however, O. niloticus was found to be liked similarly regardless of its source (p>0.05). These findings suggest that the type of habitat, fish species and diets have significant impacts on the proximate composition, fatty acid profiles and organoleptic attributes of fishes.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of the Nutritional Composition, Fatty Acid Profiles and Organoleptic Evaluation of Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish) and Oreochromis nilotius (Nile Tilapia) Raised under Wild and Pond-Cultured Systems","authors":"C. Anarado, Emmanuel Ekolie, C. Iziga, C. E. Anarado, Augustine N. Eboatu","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91340","url":null,"abstract":"Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus are two important fish species that are widely consumed in many parts of the world. This study investigated the nutritional composition, fatty acid profiles and organoleptic evaluation of these two fish species raised under wild and pond-cultured systems. Five samples each of the species were randomly collected from Ashaka Town, Delta State, Nigeria. The proximate composition was determined using standard AOAC methods. Fatty acid profiles were analyzed using gas chromatography, while organoleptic evaluation was conducted using twenty panelists. C. gariepinus exhibited significantly lower (p<0.05) moisture content (77.76±0.45 and 79.06±0.36) and higher crude fat content (1.75±0.14 and 1.32±0.33) respectively in both wild and pond-cultured species compared to O. niloticus. C. gariepinus had higher protein content than O. niloticus in both wild and pond-cultured species. The carbohydrate content of O. niloticus was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in C. gariepinus, while the ash content of C. gariepinus and O. niloticus was not significantly different (p>0.05). Both species exhibited variations in their fatty acid profiles, with significant differences (p<0.05) observed in the levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). All wild and pond- cultured fish species had the same pattern of fatty acid composition SFAs > PUFAs > MUFAs except wild C. gariepinus with SFAs > MUFAs > PUFAs pattern. Pond-cultured O. niloticus and C. gariepinus had higher total n-3 PUFAs and lower n-6 PUFAs values while wild O. niloticus and C. gariepinus had lower n-3 PUFAs and higher n-6 PUFAs values. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The results indicated significant organoleptic differences (p<0.05) in consumer preference between wild and pond-cultured C. gariepinus, however, O. niloticus was found to be liked similarly regardless of its source (p>0.05). These findings suggest that the type of habitat, fish species and diets have significant impacts on the proximate composition, fatty acid profiles and organoleptic attributes of fishes.","PeriodicalId":11922,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77227661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91336
M. A. Habib, Tanjina Rahman, K. Karim, Mohammad Sajid, S. M. S. Bappy, Khaleda Islam, Md Zafar As Sadiq
Introduction: The present study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of malnutrition and its association with existing feeding practices and other factors among under-five (U5) children in a rural setting of Bangladesh. Aim: This study aimed to explore the nutritional status, feeding practices, and demographic profiles of under-five (U5) children in rural Bangladesh. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 404 children (0-59 months) from the Noakhali district, Bangladesh. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the significant predictor variables for child malnutrition. Results: The study revealed, there were 30.4% stunting, 37.3% underweight, and 16% wasting in children. A strong relationship was found between underweight and three variables, namely- maternal education, paternal occupation, and child's age (p<0.05) respectively. The risk of being underweight for a child from an illiterate mother was 2.18 times more (AOR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.09, 4.37) compared to children from mothers having secondary/higher education. Child’s gender also had a strong association with wasting where male child was more prone to wasting than its female counterpart (p<0.05). The SEM results showed that, nutritional status of children was negatively affected by mother’s education, age of child and family income (<0.01). Maternal education and age of children were considered to be important determinants of chronic malnutrition (stunting). The prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding under the age of 6 months was 57.9%, and continued breast-feeding till the age of one year was 86.2%. Conclusion: Social and cultural issues need to be addressed, and appropriate strategies should be taken to ameliorate the existing feeding practice for U5 children to reduce malnutrition in this rural setting of Bangladesh.
{"title":"Nutritional Status and Existing Early Childhood Feeding Practice of under-Five Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Bangladesh","authors":"M. A. Habib, Tanjina Rahman, K. Karim, Mohammad Sajid, S. M. S. Bappy, Khaleda Islam, Md Zafar As Sadiq","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91336","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The present study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of malnutrition and its association with existing feeding practices and other factors among under-five (U5) children in a rural setting of Bangladesh. \u0000Aim: This study aimed to explore the nutritional status, feeding practices, and demographic profiles of under-five (U5) children in rural Bangladesh. \u0000Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 404 children (0-59 months) from the Noakhali district, Bangladesh. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the significant predictor variables for child malnutrition. \u0000Results: The study revealed, there were 30.4% stunting, 37.3% underweight, and 16% wasting in children. A strong relationship was found between underweight and three variables, namely- maternal education, paternal occupation, and child's age (p<0.05) respectively. The risk of being underweight for a child from an illiterate mother was 2.18 times more (AOR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.09, 4.37) compared to children from mothers having secondary/higher education. Child’s gender also had a strong association with wasting where male child was more prone to wasting than its female counterpart (p<0.05). The SEM results showed that, nutritional status of children was negatively affected by mother’s education, age of child and family income (<0.01). Maternal education and age of children were considered to be important determinants of chronic malnutrition (stunting). The prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding under the age of 6 months was 57.9%, and continued breast-feeding till the age of one year was 86.2%. \u0000Conclusion: Social and cultural issues need to be addressed, and appropriate strategies should be taken to ameliorate the existing feeding practice for U5 children to reduce malnutrition in this rural setting of Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":11922,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84144483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91335
Michael Atuahene Djan
Food security is a significant concern in urban areas (UAs). With the rapid increase in urbanization, addressing this issue has become increasingly important. Despite interventions to tackle food security issues, the world has achieved varying degrees of success in eradicating hunger, and food security in cities is critical. This study examined the unique challenges and opportunities associated with ensuring food security in urban areas. The study reviewed empirical literature and relevant reports in the last five years (2018-2023). This study identified several challenges in ensuring food security in urban regions, across the world, including rising food prices, limited water and land access for farming, and poor infrastructure and food supply systems. There are also opportunities to improve the situation, such as improving access to markets, investing in agricultural production, promoting urban agriculture, expanding and stocking food banks, and government food intervention programs to ensure socioeconomic parity in urban areas. Urban areas' food security opportunities and difficulties are complex and interconnected. However, by addressing the myriad challenges associated with ensuring food security and taking advantage of opportunities, it is possible to create more sustainable, food-secured urban cities. This will make it possible to guarantee that everyone in urban areas has access to the food that they need to live healthy and fulfilling lives.
{"title":"Urban Food Security: Examining the Unique Challenges and Opportunities Associated with Ensuring Food Security in Urban Areas","authors":"Michael Atuahene Djan","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91335","url":null,"abstract":"Food security is a significant concern in urban areas (UAs). With the rapid increase in urbanization, addressing this issue has become increasingly important. Despite interventions to tackle food security issues, the world has achieved varying degrees of success in eradicating hunger, and food security in cities is critical. This study examined the unique challenges and opportunities associated with ensuring food security in urban areas. The study reviewed empirical literature and relevant reports in the last five years (2018-2023). This study identified several challenges in ensuring food security in urban regions, across the world, including rising food prices, limited water and land access for farming, and poor infrastructure and food supply systems. There are also opportunities to improve the situation, such as improving access to markets, investing in agricultural production, promoting urban agriculture, expanding and stocking food banks, and government food intervention programs to ensure socioeconomic parity in urban areas. Urban areas' food security opportunities and difficulties are complex and interconnected. However, by addressing the myriad challenges associated with ensuring food security and taking advantage of opportunities, it is possible to create more sustainable, food-secured urban cities. This will make it possible to guarantee that everyone in urban areas has access to the food that they need to live healthy and fulfilling lives.","PeriodicalId":11922,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76039846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91334
Ozioma Ebere Obianyido, H. Obianyido, Ruth Efevare Imosemi
Heavy metals are inherently non-biodegradable elements of the earth's crust that collect and remain in the ecosystem in perpetuity due to both human and natural activity. Their contamination in seasonings remains a public health concern because of the frequency of use. Prolonged exposure to these heavy metals is a severe health risk worldwide. This study evaluated the potential health risk of heavy metal exposure from consuming commercially produced food seasonings in Enugu, Nigeria. Thirty (30) commercially produced food seasonings were selected by simple random sampling and grouped into five (5) according to different batches. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to analyze arsenic, cadmium, lead and nickel. The level of arsenic in group SA(1.28±0.21mg/kg), SB(1.73±0.31mg/kg), SC(1.13±0.17mg/kg), SD (2.11±0.20mg/kg) were observed to be above (1.00mg/kg), the WHO maximum permissible limit. Cadmium levels in SA (0.36±0.01mg/kg) were observed to be above (0.30 mg/kg), the WHO maximum permissible limit. The estimated daily intake, hazard quotient and hazard index of the metals were within the normal range. The presence of heavy metals above WHO permissible limits in commercially produced food seasonings should be a public health concern. To protect the population's health, producers, retailers, and vendors of seasonings should be informed of the hazards of exposing their products to heavy metal contamination. Continuous surveillance of commercially produced food seasonings for heavy metal contamination is recommended.
{"title":"Potential Health Risk Evaluation of Heavy Metal Exposure from Consuming Commercially Produced Food Seasonings in Enugu, Nigeria","authors":"Ozioma Ebere Obianyido, H. Obianyido, Ruth Efevare Imosemi","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91334","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals are inherently non-biodegradable elements of the earth's crust that collect and remain in the ecosystem in perpetuity due to both human and natural activity. Their contamination in seasonings remains a public health concern because of the frequency of use. Prolonged exposure to these heavy metals is a severe health risk worldwide. This study evaluated the potential health risk of heavy metal exposure from consuming commercially produced food seasonings in Enugu, Nigeria. Thirty (30) commercially produced food seasonings were selected by simple random sampling and grouped into five (5) according to different batches. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to analyze arsenic, cadmium, lead and nickel. The level of arsenic in group SA(1.28±0.21mg/kg), SB(1.73±0.31mg/kg), SC(1.13±0.17mg/kg), SD (2.11±0.20mg/kg) were observed to be above (1.00mg/kg), the WHO maximum permissible limit. Cadmium levels in SA (0.36±0.01mg/kg) were observed to be above (0.30 mg/kg), the WHO maximum permissible limit. The estimated daily intake, hazard quotient and hazard index of the metals were within the normal range. The presence of heavy metals above WHO permissible limits in commercially produced food seasonings should be a public health concern. To protect the population's health, producers, retailers, and vendors of seasonings should be informed of the hazards of exposing their products to heavy metal contamination. Continuous surveillance of commercially produced food seasonings for heavy metal contamination is recommended.","PeriodicalId":11922,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87371145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: Locally prepared drinks and beverages are gradually replacing the conventional sugary carbonated soft drinks, particularly because of the health effects associated with some of the components in these drinks. This study was aimed at evaluating the bacteriological quality of locally produced drinks/beverages (kunu, zobo, tiger-nut and pineapple drinks), produced and sold in Calabar metropolis. Methodology: Samples (tiger-nut, zobo, kunu and pineapple drink) were collected from five different markets within the study area and evaluated using standard bacteriological techniques. Results: The mean aerobic bacterial ranged from 21.6 ± 0.8 x 105 CFU/mL to 208.8 ± 2.02 x 105 CFU/mL. The coliform counts ranged from 5.8 ± 0.49 x 105 CFU/mL to 187.2 ± 2.10 x 105 CFU/mL. The staphylococcal counts ranged from 29.8 ± 0.92 x 105 CFU/mL to 194.4 ± 1.64 x 105 CFU/mL. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci was the most predominant isolates (27.0%), followed by Escherichia coli (12.2%) and Enterobacter sp (10.4%). Other bacteria genera detected include Bacillus sp, Lactobacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Proteus sp, Micrococcus sp, Klebsiella sp, Serratia sp, Citrobacter sp, and Streptococcus sp and Listeria sp. Conclusion: This study revealed that the bacteriological quality of the analyzed samples was above the acceptable standards and as such a potential risk to public health. Therefore, education for vendors on food safety and hygienic practices is essential to reduce contamination rate. Furthermore, regular inspection on food vending practices and safety of ready-to-eat foods is required to improve the health standards of consumers.
{"title":"Bacteriological Quality Assessment of Nigerian Indigenous Beverages Consumed in Calabar, Southern Nigeria","authors":"Bassey, Emmanuel Effiong, T. Ebob, Henry, Inyang Ikpeme, Njok, Ntui Okam","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91333","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Locally prepared drinks and beverages are gradually replacing the conventional sugary carbonated soft drinks, particularly because of the health effects associated with some of the components in these drinks. This study was aimed at evaluating the bacteriological quality of locally produced drinks/beverages (kunu, zobo, tiger-nut and pineapple drinks), produced and sold in Calabar metropolis. \u0000Methodology: Samples (tiger-nut, zobo, kunu and pineapple drink) were collected from five different markets within the study area and evaluated using standard bacteriological techniques. Results: The mean aerobic bacterial ranged from 21.6 ± 0.8 x 105 CFU/mL to 208.8 ± 2.02 x 105 CFU/mL. The coliform counts ranged from 5.8 ± 0.49 x 105 CFU/mL to 187.2 ± 2.10 x 105 CFU/mL. The staphylococcal counts ranged from 29.8 ± 0.92 x 105 CFU/mL to 194.4 ± 1.64 x 105 CFU/mL. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci was the most predominant isolates (27.0%), followed by Escherichia coli (12.2%) and Enterobacter sp (10.4%). Other bacteria genera detected include Bacillus sp, Lactobacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Proteus sp, Micrococcus sp, Klebsiella sp, Serratia sp, Citrobacter sp, and Streptococcus sp and Listeria sp. \u0000Conclusion: This study revealed that the bacteriological quality of the analyzed samples was above the acceptable standards and as such a potential risk to public health. Therefore, education for vendors on food safety and hygienic practices is essential to reduce contamination rate. Furthermore, regular inspection on food vending practices and safety of ready-to-eat foods is required to improve the health standards of consumers.","PeriodicalId":11922,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83565769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91332
Selemani Yustus Salha, I. Abdulsudi, C. M. Lucy
Functional and Sensory Quality of Complementary porridge made from Moringa Leaf Powder blended with Pearl millet, Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato, Dateswas evaluated using standard methods. The Pearl millet grain flour, Moringa leaf powder and dates were blended in ratios of 90:2.5:7.5 [PmMD1], 95:2.5:2.5 [PmMD2], 88:3:9 [PmMD3] respectively. Also, Pearl millet grain flour, Moringa leaf powder and Orange fleshed sweet potato were blended in ratios of 95.5:2:2.5 [PmMP1], 88:2:10 [PmMP2], 95:2.5:2.5 [PmMP3], respectively. The ratios were calculated based on Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) for children aged 1-2 years. Control sample was blended with Pearl millet, Dates and Orange fleshed sweet potato in a ratio of 50:15:35 [PmDP], respectively. A significant difference (p<0.05) in bulk density and viscosity were observed due to the difference in amounts of Orange fleshed sweet potato and Dates. No significant difference (p>0.05) in water absorption capacity was observed. Sensory evaluation showed significant difference (p<0.05) between all samples and in all sensory parameters namely aroma, taste, color and overall acceptability. The sample PmDP was the most accepted in terms of colorwhereas PmMP2 was the most accepted in terms of aroma, taste and overall acceptability. Quantitative descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the intensity of color, aroma, sweetness, thickness and grittiness among the samples. No significant difference (p>0.05) in the intensity of color, aroma, thickness and grittiness. There was a significant difference in the intensity of sweetness among the samples (p<0.05) and the mean values ranged from 4.2-1.9. The control sample [PmDP] had the highest value in sweetness intensity as it contained Orange fleshed sweet potato and Dates which are both of a sweet nature. A PCA biplot was drawn to indicate the association between the samples and the attributes. All ingredients used in this study had a different contribution in the functional quality of the porridge together with the sensory quality.Orange fleshed sweet potato and Dates generally improved the sensory quality of the porridge samples.
{"title":"Functional and Sensory Quality of Complementary Food Blended with Moringa Leaf Powder","authors":"Selemani Yustus Salha, I. Abdulsudi, C. M. Lucy","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91332","url":null,"abstract":"Functional and Sensory Quality of Complementary porridge made from Moringa Leaf Powder blended with Pearl millet, Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato, Dateswas evaluated using standard methods. The Pearl millet grain flour, Moringa leaf powder and dates were blended in ratios of 90:2.5:7.5 [PmMD1], 95:2.5:2.5 [PmMD2], 88:3:9 [PmMD3] respectively. Also, Pearl millet grain flour, Moringa leaf powder and Orange fleshed sweet potato were blended in ratios of 95.5:2:2.5 [PmMP1], 88:2:10 [PmMP2], 95:2.5:2.5 [PmMP3], respectively. The ratios were calculated based on Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) for children aged 1-2 years. Control sample was blended with Pearl millet, Dates and Orange fleshed sweet potato in a ratio of 50:15:35 [PmDP], respectively. A significant difference (p<0.05) in bulk density and viscosity were observed due to the difference in amounts of Orange fleshed sweet potato and Dates. No significant difference (p>0.05) in water absorption capacity was observed. Sensory evaluation showed significant difference (p<0.05) between all samples and in all sensory parameters namely aroma, taste, color and overall acceptability. The sample PmDP was the most accepted in terms of colorwhereas PmMP2 was the most accepted in terms of aroma, taste and overall acceptability. Quantitative descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the intensity of color, aroma, sweetness, thickness and grittiness among the samples. No significant difference (p>0.05) in the intensity of color, aroma, thickness and grittiness. There was a significant difference in the intensity of sweetness among the samples (p<0.05) and the mean values ranged from 4.2-1.9. The control sample [PmDP] had the highest value in sweetness intensity as it contained Orange fleshed sweet potato and Dates which are both of a sweet nature. A PCA biplot was drawn to indicate the association between the samples and the attributes. All ingredients used in this study had a different contribution in the functional quality of the porridge together with the sensory quality.Orange fleshed sweet potato and Dates generally improved the sensory quality of the porridge samples.","PeriodicalId":11922,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78833019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91331
I. C. Masinde, D. Mamboleo, Daniel Nyantika
Climate is subject to variations in many parts of world, exhibited by mainly rainfall and temperature fluctuations. The variability in Africa has resulted in the spread of desert conditions in the Sahel. Kenya experiences great variations of climate annually and considerable uncertainty when rains are expected, impacting negatively on farming activities. The objective of the study was to evaluate the farmer’s perception of the effects of variability in rainfall and temperature on goat and finger millet farming in Baringo County. The study adopted a cross sectional survey which is a descriptive design. The sample size was 384 households derived from a target population of 555,507 using Webster (1995) formulae. Both stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 384 households. Prospect theory guided the study. Primary Data collection tools included questionnaires, Key informants, focus Group discussions, Observation and photography. To ascertain reliability and validity of the research instruments, a pilot study was conducted where a reliability coefficient of 0.7 was deemed acceptable. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means, and standard deviation were used to analyze quantitative data. Qualitative data was analyzed by coding patterns and themes then evaluating it into useful information. Results indicated that climate variability has severe and adverse effects on finger millet and goat production. Pre-drought planning to cope up or overcome the effects of droughts were highly recommended and measures provided. The study findings are expected to help farmers, the government and economic planners to focus on effective mitigation areas, formulate alternative policies on mitigating the effect of rainfall and temperature variability on activities of farming in Baringo County.
{"title":"An Evaluation of Farmers Perception on the Effects of Variability in Rainfall and Temperature on Goat and Finger Millet Farming in Baringo County - Kenya","authors":"I. C. Masinde, D. Mamboleo, Daniel Nyantika","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i91331","url":null,"abstract":"Climate is subject to variations in many parts of world, exhibited by mainly rainfall and temperature fluctuations. The variability in Africa has resulted in the spread of desert conditions in the Sahel. Kenya experiences great variations of climate annually and considerable uncertainty when rains are expected, impacting negatively on farming activities. The objective of the study was to evaluate the farmer’s perception of the effects of variability in rainfall and temperature on goat and finger millet farming in Baringo County. The study adopted a cross sectional survey which is a descriptive design. The sample size was 384 households derived from a target population of 555,507 using Webster (1995) formulae. Both stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 384 households. Prospect theory guided the study. Primary Data collection tools included questionnaires, Key informants, focus Group discussions, Observation and photography. To ascertain reliability and validity of the research instruments, a pilot study was conducted where a reliability coefficient of 0.7 was deemed acceptable. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means, and standard deviation were used to analyze quantitative data. Qualitative data was analyzed by coding patterns and themes then evaluating it into useful information. Results indicated that climate variability has severe and adverse effects on finger millet and goat production. Pre-drought planning to cope up or overcome the effects of droughts were highly recommended and measures provided. The study findings are expected to help farmers, the government and economic planners to focus on effective mitigation areas, formulate alternative policies on mitigating the effect of rainfall and temperature variability on activities of farming in Baringo County.","PeriodicalId":11922,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91296490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i81330
A. M. Zangina, O. Adekoyeni, E. Fadipe
Aim: The insurgency in the north-east zone of Nigeria has aggravated rate of malnourished children and many are roaming the streets unattended. This study determined the effect of home-made formula on growth performance of malnourished pre-school children in Yobe State, Nigeria. Study Design: A factorial experiment. Place and Duration of Study: Yobe state, Nigeria, 6 weeks. Methodology: Three local Government Areas (LGA) of Yobe state, Nigeria (Bade, Bursari and Potiskum) used. A formulated home-made formula (HMF) was compared with therapeutic milk powders (TMPs). Twenty malnourished pre-school children were purposefully selected in each LGA and were grouped into two. Each group was randomly allotted to a dietary treatment, a child stood as replicate. At commencement children with complications were treated in the hospital. They were fed at 16.88 ml/kg body weight at 3 hours interval daily throughout a 6th week study using plastic cups. Parameters studied included weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and W/HZ-score. A SPSS statistical package was used to analyze the results. Results: All the parameters were (p>0.05) affected with dietary treatments among districts. However, children fed HMF had higher final MUAC (127.50±2.04mm), higher height gain (3.45±0.18cm) and higher MUAC gain (13.76±0.22mm) among districts while those fed TMPs had higher final weight (10.74±0.25kg), higher final height (83.77±0.16cm) and higher weight gain (2.11±0.01kg). Based on average, the children fed HMF had higher final MUAC (127.50±2.04mm), height gain (3.45±0.18cm) and MUAC gain (13.76±0.22mm) while their counterparts fed TMPs had higher final weight (10.74±0.25kg), final height (83.77±0.83) and weight gain (2.11± 0.01kg). The children fed TMPs had slightly higher daily weight gain (50.23g) than those fed HMF (48.81g); and all the children were discharged with -2
{"title":"Effect of Home-Made Formula on Growth Performance of Malnourished Pre-School Children (24-36 Months of Age) in Yobe State Nigeria","authors":"A. M. Zangina, O. Adekoyeni, E. Fadipe","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i81330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i81330","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The insurgency in the north-east zone of Nigeria has aggravated rate of malnourished children and many are roaming the streets unattended. This study determined the effect of home-made formula on growth performance of malnourished pre-school children in Yobe State, Nigeria. \u0000Study Design: A factorial experiment. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Yobe state, Nigeria, 6 weeks. \u0000Methodology: Three local Government Areas (LGA) of Yobe state, Nigeria (Bade, Bursari and Potiskum) used. A formulated home-made formula (HMF) was compared with therapeutic milk powders (TMPs). Twenty malnourished pre-school children were purposefully selected in each LGA and were grouped into two. Each group was randomly allotted to a dietary treatment, a child stood as replicate. At commencement children with complications were treated in the hospital. They were fed at 16.88 ml/kg body weight at 3 hours interval daily throughout a 6th week study using plastic cups. Parameters studied included weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and W/HZ-score. A SPSS statistical package was used to analyze the results. \u0000Results: All the parameters were (p>0.05) affected with dietary treatments among districts. However, children fed HMF had higher final MUAC (127.50±2.04mm), higher height gain (3.45±0.18cm) and higher MUAC gain (13.76±0.22mm) among districts while those fed TMPs had higher final weight (10.74±0.25kg), higher final height (83.77±0.16cm) and higher weight gain (2.11±0.01kg). Based on average, the children fed HMF had higher final MUAC (127.50±2.04mm), height gain (3.45±0.18cm) and MUAC gain (13.76±0.22mm) while their counterparts fed TMPs had higher final weight (10.74±0.25kg), final height (83.77±0.83) and weight gain (2.11± 0.01kg). The children fed TMPs had slightly higher daily weight gain (50.23g) than those fed HMF (48.81g); and all the children were discharged with -2","PeriodicalId":11922,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85247502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i81329
N. Anumba, V. Wabali, C. Ishiwu, J. Eke-Ejiofor
The objective of the research was to evaluate the biochemical characteristics of the various microbial isolates used in the production of plant based yoghurt, the optimal growth temperatures and the effect of incubation time and inoculum concentration on the taste and desirability of the yoghurt. Pure cultures of five (5) microbial strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus bulgaricus; Lactobacillus casei; Lactobacillus lactis; Streptococcus thermophilus) were obtained from commercial yoghurt and evaluated for their biochemical characteristics, bacterial growth temperatures and synersis. The isolated organisms were used to ferment plant-based milk product produced from blends of tigernut, Dates and Coconut. Response Surface Methodology (Face centered composite design) was used to obtain an optimized ratio formulation of 0.167 for coconut, 0.667 fortigernut and 0.167 for dates. Bacterial growth temperatures were evaluated at 4°C, 27°C, 37°C,40°C, 45°C and 60°C respectively. Results showed that full bacterial growth was noticed at temperatures of 40-45°C. The taste of the yoghurt improved from 6.58 to 6.71 when the incubation temperature changed from about 45°C to 44°C and the duration of incubation changed from 15.4 hrs to 14.7 hrs.
{"title":"Biochemical Characterization of Microbial Isolates and Effect of Concentration and Incubation Time of Plant and Cow Milk Yoghurt using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"N. Anumba, V. Wabali, C. Ishiwu, J. Eke-Ejiofor","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i81329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i81329","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the research was to evaluate the biochemical characteristics of the various microbial isolates used in the production of plant based yoghurt, the optimal growth temperatures and the effect of incubation time and inoculum concentration on the taste and desirability of the yoghurt. Pure cultures of five (5) microbial strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus bulgaricus; Lactobacillus casei; Lactobacillus lactis; Streptococcus thermophilus) were obtained from commercial yoghurt and evaluated for their biochemical characteristics, bacterial growth temperatures and synersis. The isolated organisms were used to ferment plant-based milk product produced from blends of tigernut, Dates and Coconut. Response Surface Methodology (Face centered composite design) was used to obtain an optimized ratio formulation of 0.167 for coconut, 0.667 fortigernut and 0.167 for dates. Bacterial growth temperatures were evaluated at 4°C, 27°C, 37°C,40°C, 45°C and 60°C respectively. Results showed that full bacterial growth was noticed at temperatures of 40-45°C. The taste of the yoghurt improved from 6.58 to 6.71 when the incubation temperature changed from about 45°C to 44°C and the duration of incubation changed from 15.4 hrs to 14.7 hrs.","PeriodicalId":11922,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81501358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i81328
J. Maboh, M. I. Yusufu, D. Ahure
Tropical Almond and pawpaw fruits are highly underutilized hence; the objectives were to improve their utilization in preparation of conventional foods. Six (6) blend samples A to F were formulated. Sample A (100 % wheat flour) was used as the control, B (60 % Wheat flour: 0 % Almond Flour: 40 % Pawpaw Flour), C (60 % Wheat flour: 10 % Almond Flour: 30 % Pawpaw Flour), D (60 % Wheat flour: 20 % Almond Flour: 20 % Pawpaw Flour), E (60 % Wheat flour: 30 % Almond Flour: 10 % Pawpaw Flour), F (60 % Wheat flour: 40 % Almond Flour: 0 % Pawpaw Flour). The functional, proximate and selected phytochemicals of the flours and their blends were evaluated using standard methods. Results showed that the bulk density, foaming capacity, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling capacity and gelation temperature of the flours ranged from 0.63-0.70 g/ml, 0.10-0.55 %, 1.15-2.65 ml/g, 0.46-1.65 ml/g, 0.10-2.90 ml/g and 86.00 oC-90.00 oC respectively. The proximate composition ranged from 6.27-9.77% for moisture, 2.01-5.80 % for ash, 6.56-37.6 % for fat, 0.35-1.12 % for fiber, 6.01-20.67 % for proteins 27.93-77.34 % for carbohydrates and 369.8-534.08 Kcal/100g of energy. The anti-nutrients content of the flours ranged from 0.70-0.90 mg/100g, 0.01-0.17 mg/100g, 0.20-0.96 % for oxalates, cyanide and tannins respectively. This research indicates that almond and pawpaw floor blends could serve as functional and nutritional ingredients in foods at 40 % and 10 % almond and pawpaw flours in wheat respectively.
{"title":"Functional and Selected Chemical Properties of Wheat, Tropical Almond and Pawpaw Fruit Flours and Their Blends","authors":"J. Maboh, M. I. Yusufu, D. Ahure","doi":"10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i81328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i81328","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical Almond and pawpaw fruits are highly underutilized hence; the objectives were to improve their utilization in preparation of conventional foods. Six (6) blend samples A to F were formulated. Sample A (100 % wheat flour) was used as the control, B (60 % Wheat flour: 0 % Almond Flour: 40 % Pawpaw Flour), C (60 % Wheat flour: 10 % Almond Flour: 30 % Pawpaw Flour), D (60 % Wheat flour: 20 % Almond Flour: 20 % Pawpaw Flour), E (60 % Wheat flour: 30 % Almond Flour: 10 % Pawpaw Flour), F (60 % Wheat flour: 40 % Almond Flour: 0 % Pawpaw Flour). The functional, proximate and selected phytochemicals of the flours and their blends were evaluated using standard methods. Results showed that the bulk density, foaming capacity, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling capacity and gelation temperature of the flours ranged from 0.63-0.70 g/ml, 0.10-0.55 %, 1.15-2.65 ml/g, 0.46-1.65 ml/g, 0.10-2.90 ml/g and 86.00 oC-90.00 oC respectively. The proximate composition ranged from 6.27-9.77% for moisture, 2.01-5.80 % for ash, 6.56-37.6 % for fat, 0.35-1.12 % for fiber, 6.01-20.67 % for proteins 27.93-77.34 % for carbohydrates and 369.8-534.08 Kcal/100g of energy. The anti-nutrients content of the flours ranged from 0.70-0.90 mg/100g, 0.01-0.17 mg/100g, 0.20-0.96 % for oxalates, cyanide and tannins respectively. This research indicates that almond and pawpaw floor blends could serve as functional and nutritional ingredients in foods at 40 % and 10 % almond and pawpaw flours in wheat respectively.","PeriodicalId":11922,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89154698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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