Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523771
G. Sulligoi, D. Bosich, A. Vicenzutti, L. Piva, G. Lipardi, T. Mazzuca
The new simulator of the FREMM (European Multi Mission Frigates) electric Integrated Power System (IPS) is treated in this paper. The simulator, recently delivered by the University of Trieste to the Italian Navy, is utilized to study relevant electromechanical transients of the on board IPS. In particular, this simulator is employed in verifying some automated sequences and restore maneuvers, which are hard to be analyzed through on board tests. Other uses will be the support in crew training and the study of different control strategies. The developed IPS simulator has shown to be a tool able to help navy engineers and electrical staff in understanding some relevant behaviors in electrical transients, permitting the simulation of the system in a cheap but accurate way. A validating campaign of the numerical results is now on the way, referring to commissioning and sea trials results of the first built ship of the class.
{"title":"Studies of electromechanical transients in FREMM frigates integrated power system using a time-domain simulator","authors":"G. Sulligoi, D. Bosich, A. Vicenzutti, L. Piva, G. Lipardi, T. Mazzuca","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523771","url":null,"abstract":"The new simulator of the FREMM (European Multi Mission Frigates) electric Integrated Power System (IPS) is treated in this paper. The simulator, recently delivered by the University of Trieste to the Italian Navy, is utilized to study relevant electromechanical transients of the on board IPS. In particular, this simulator is employed in verifying some automated sequences and restore maneuvers, which are hard to be analyzed through on board tests. Other uses will be the support in crew training and the study of different control strategies. The developed IPS simulator has shown to be a tool able to help navy engineers and electrical staff in understanding some relevant behaviors in electrical transients, permitting the simulation of the system in a cheap but accurate way. A validating campaign of the numerical results is now on the way, referring to commissioning and sea trials results of the first built ship of the class.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"20 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123558852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523783
A. H. Chang, A. Avestruz, S. Leeb, J. Kirtley
A modified Z-source breaker topology is introduced to minimize the reflected fault current drawn from a source while retaining a common return ground path. A conventional Z-source breaker does not provide steady-state overload protection and can only guard against extremely large transient faults. The Z-source breaker can be designed for considerations affecting both rate of fault current rise and absolute fault current level, analogous in some respects to a “thermal-magnetic” breaker. The proposed manual tripping mechanism enables protection against both instantaneous current surges and longer-term over-current conditions. The fault operation intervals of the proposed Z-source breaker topologies are demonstrated in SPICE simulation.
{"title":"Design of DC system protection","authors":"A. H. Chang, A. Avestruz, S. Leeb, J. Kirtley","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523783","url":null,"abstract":"A modified Z-source breaker topology is introduced to minimize the reflected fault current drawn from a source while retaining a common return ground path. A conventional Z-source breaker does not provide steady-state overload protection and can only guard against extremely large transient faults. The Z-source breaker can be designed for considerations affecting both rate of fault current rise and absolute fault current level, analogous in some respects to a “thermal-magnetic” breaker. The proposed manual tripping mechanism enables protection against both instantaneous current surges and longer-term over-current conditions. The fault operation intervals of the proposed Z-source breaker topologies are demonstrated in SPICE simulation.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129716457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523703
B. Huhman, J. Neri, D. Wetz
The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing a battery-powered, rep-rate charger for a 60-kJ capacitor bank. The capacitor will be charged with a bank of LiFePO4 batteries in conjunction with a DC-DC converter. During discharge, the batteries will generate heat from the internal resistance. If the heat is not addressed, damage to the cell may occur, leading to degraded cell lifetime and the potential for cell venting. NRL has developed an integrated cooling system for high power batteries that can limit the residual heat in the battery cells. Results from experiments will be presented, both at the cell and the module level.
{"title":"Design of a battery intermediate storage system for rep-rated pulsed power loads","authors":"B. Huhman, J. Neri, D. Wetz","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523703","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing a battery-powered, rep-rate charger for a 60-kJ capacitor bank. The capacitor will be charged with a bank of LiFePO4 batteries in conjunction with a DC-DC converter. During discharge, the batteries will generate heat from the internal resistance. If the heat is not addressed, damage to the cell may occur, leading to degraded cell lifetime and the potential for cell venting. NRL has developed an integrated cooling system for high power batteries that can limit the residual heat in the battery cells. Results from experiments will be presented, both at the cell and the module level.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129025536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523730
M. Spichartz, C. Heising, V. Staudt, A. Steimel
Multilevel converters are indispensable for ship propulsion motors. The Modular Multilevel Converter allows a nearly unlimited cascading of voltage levels at the same complexity in construction. This allows to minimise unacceptable motor terminal overvoltages and motor insulation stress. A current-oriented control is mandatory for this drive control, because the Modular Multilevel Converter is not of the voltage-impressing converter type. For that reason, a novel state-control approach for induction machines is used to control this drive. The magnetising currents and the stator currents of the machine are the control signals. An overlaid control is used to balance the converter sub-module voltages. The basic ideas of the multivariable control of the introduced drive and the excellent control behaviour of a 17-level Modular Multilevel Converter feeding a 3.9-MW 4.16-kV induction machine are presented.
{"title":"State control of MMC-fed ship propulsion induction machine","authors":"M. Spichartz, C. Heising, V. Staudt, A. Steimel","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523730","url":null,"abstract":"Multilevel converters are indispensable for ship propulsion motors. The Modular Multilevel Converter allows a nearly unlimited cascading of voltage levels at the same complexity in construction. This allows to minimise unacceptable motor terminal overvoltages and motor insulation stress. A current-oriented control is mandatory for this drive control, because the Modular Multilevel Converter is not of the voltage-impressing converter type. For that reason, a novel state-control approach for induction machines is used to control this drive. The magnetising currents and the stator currents of the machine are the control signals. An overlaid control is used to balance the converter sub-module voltages. The basic ideas of the multivariable control of the introduced drive and the excellent control behaviour of a 17-level Modular Multilevel Converter feeding a 3.9-MW 4.16-kV induction machine are presented.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131335767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523769
A. Riccobono, E. Santi
The present paper describes a recently proposed Passivity-Based Stability Criterion (PBSC) and demonstrates its usefulness and applicability to the stability analysis of the MVDC Power Distribution System for the All-Electric Ship. The criterion is based on imposing passivity of the overall DC bus impedance. If passivity of the bus impedance is ensured, stability is guaranteed as well. The PBSC, in contrast with existing stability criteria, such as the Middlebrook criterion and its extensions, which are based on the minor loop gain concept, i.e. an impedance ratio at a given interface, offers several advantages: reduction of artificial design conservativeness, insensitivity to component grouping, applicability to multi-converter systems and to systems in which the power flow direction changes, for example as a result of system reconfiguration. Moreover, the criterion can be used in conjunction with an active method to improve system stability, called the Positive Feed-Forward (PFF) control, for the design of virtual damping networks. By designing the virtual impedance so that the bus impedance passivity condition is met, the approach results in greatly improved stability and damping of transients on the DC bus voltage. Simulation validation is performed using a switching-model DC power distribution system.
{"title":"Stability analysis of an all-electric ship MVDC Power Distribution System using a novel Passivity-Based Stability Criterion","authors":"A. Riccobono, E. Santi","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523769","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper describes a recently proposed Passivity-Based Stability Criterion (PBSC) and demonstrates its usefulness and applicability to the stability analysis of the MVDC Power Distribution System for the All-Electric Ship. The criterion is based on imposing passivity of the overall DC bus impedance. If passivity of the bus impedance is ensured, stability is guaranteed as well. The PBSC, in contrast with existing stability criteria, such as the Middlebrook criterion and its extensions, which are based on the minor loop gain concept, i.e. an impedance ratio at a given interface, offers several advantages: reduction of artificial design conservativeness, insensitivity to component grouping, applicability to multi-converter systems and to systems in which the power flow direction changes, for example as a result of system reconfiguration. Moreover, the criterion can be used in conjunction with an active method to improve system stability, called the Positive Feed-Forward (PFF) control, for the design of virtual damping networks. By designing the virtual impedance so that the bus impedance passivity condition is met, the approach results in greatly improved stability and damping of transients on the DC bus voltage. Simulation validation is performed using a switching-model DC power distribution system.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122622638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523726
H. Behjati, A. Davoudi, R. Ahmadi
Weighted proportional integral (WPI) control method is introduced for pulse-width-modulated (PWM) dc-dc converters. Although WPI control is computationally similar to the conventional PI control, it offers direct step response assignment, which allows the designer to satisfy any desired design specification. The WPI control method is explained for a PWM dc-dc converter of an arbitrary order, n, and numerical simulations are presented to compare the performance indices of the proposed control method with those of the conventional PI controllers.
{"title":"Sculpting the dynamic response of PWM dc-dc converters in an arbitrary shape using WPI control technique","authors":"H. Behjati, A. Davoudi, R. Ahmadi","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523726","url":null,"abstract":"Weighted proportional integral (WPI) control method is introduced for pulse-width-modulated (PWM) dc-dc converters. Although WPI control is computationally similar to the conventional PI control, it offers direct step response assignment, which allows the designer to satisfy any desired design specification. The WPI control method is explained for a PWM dc-dc converter of an arbitrary order, n, and numerical simulations are presented to compare the performance indices of the proposed control method with those of the conventional PI controllers.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122761713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523759
L. Cao, S. Grzybowski, B. Pradhan
Aging of polymer insulated power cables has been a significant subject of investigation during the last several decades. Despite the great achievements in single-stress aging mechanism, much less is known about the multi-stress aging and the associated phenomena. The cables will suffer from the electrical stress, thermal stress, mechanical stress, and other aging factors during the operation, which will initiate the unwanted aging of the cables. In the study, the accelerated electrical aging of Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR) cables was carried out. The 15 kV EPR cables were stressed by 3V0 (26 kV) ac voltage with switching impulses superimposed. The ac current of ampacity (226 A) was applied to simulate the thermal stress at full load. The major objective of the study is to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the accelerated aging phenomena of EPR cable insulation and the impacts from different aging factors.
{"title":"Accelerated electrical aging of medium voltage EPR cables energized by elevated AC voltage with switching impulses superimposed","authors":"L. Cao, S. Grzybowski, B. Pradhan","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523759","url":null,"abstract":"Aging of polymer insulated power cables has been a significant subject of investigation during the last several decades. Despite the great achievements in single-stress aging mechanism, much less is known about the multi-stress aging and the associated phenomena. The cables will suffer from the electrical stress, thermal stress, mechanical stress, and other aging factors during the operation, which will initiate the unwanted aging of the cables. In the study, the accelerated electrical aging of Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR) cables was carried out. The 15 kV EPR cables were stressed by 3V0 (26 kV) ac voltage with switching impulses superimposed. The ac current of ampacity (226 A) was applied to simulate the thermal stress at full load. The major objective of the study is to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the accelerated aging phenomena of EPR cable insulation and the impacts from different aging factors.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127601920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523727
H. Suryanarayana, S. Sudhoff
The average-value model of a peak-current controlled dc-dc converter with galvanic isolation is derived and its accuracy is demonstrated. The two main contributions of this paper are the development of a new peak-current based control which ensures that load fault currents do not propagate through the system and the derivation of an average-value model for the chosen converter topology with the aforementioned control. The proposed control strategy is shown to yield excellent fault performance. The average-value model (AVM) accurately captures most low-frequency dynamics and is much faster to evaluate than a waveform-level model which includes switching. The subject converter and its control are intended for use in a part of a larger distribution system and, in particular, a shipboard DC power system. The comparison between the AVM and a waveform-level model of a laboratory scale DC-DC converter demonstrates the accuracy of the AVM.
{"title":"Average-value modeling of a peak-current controlled galvanically-isolated DC-DC converter for shipboard power distribution","authors":"H. Suryanarayana, S. Sudhoff","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523727","url":null,"abstract":"The average-value model of a peak-current controlled dc-dc converter with galvanic isolation is derived and its accuracy is demonstrated. The two main contributions of this paper are the development of a new peak-current based control which ensures that load fault currents do not propagate through the system and the derivation of an average-value model for the chosen converter topology with the aforementioned control. The proposed control strategy is shown to yield excellent fault performance. The average-value model (AVM) accurately captures most low-frequency dynamics and is much faster to evaluate than a waveform-level model which includes switching. The subject converter and its control are intended for use in a part of a larger distribution system and, in particular, a shipboard DC power system. The comparison between the AVM and a waveform-level model of a laboratory scale DC-DC converter demonstrates the accuracy of the AVM.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132780974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523713
H. Behjati, A. Davoudi
Due to the widespread utilization of digital controllers in modern dc-dc converters, discrete-time model development for such converters has prompted a great attention in the field of power electronics. In addition, multiple-input dc-dc energy conversion systems have recently gained much interest in many applications, including electric ships, due to their ability to diversify the energy sources and their compact design. In this paper, a systematic methodology is proposed for developing the exact discrete-time model of the multiple-input dc-dc energy conversion systems. Numerical simulations are also presented to verify the validity of the proposed method.
{"title":"Discrete-time modeling of multiple-input DC energy conversion systems","authors":"H. Behjati, A. Davoudi","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523713","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the widespread utilization of digital controllers in modern dc-dc converters, discrete-time model development for such converters has prompted a great attention in the field of power electronics. In addition, multiple-input dc-dc energy conversion systems have recently gained much interest in many applications, including electric ships, due to their ability to diversify the energy sources and their compact design. In this paper, a systematic methodology is proposed for developing the exact discrete-time model of the multiple-input dc-dc energy conversion systems. Numerical simulations are also presented to verify the validity of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133793164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-22DOI: 10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523728
K. Lentijo, K. Hobart
Semiconductor modules with medium-voltage (MV) Si IGBTs and anti-parallel silicon-carbide (SiC) junction-barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes are of interest in commercial and naval converters as they allow for significantly reduced switching losses and at present are more cost-effective than an all-SiC switch. A three-level converter is being built and tested using custom modules made with 60A (120A pulsed), 4.5kV Si IGBTs and SiC JBS diodes. This work provides a platform to de-risk and evaluate the integration of SiC JBS diodes at MV using commercial modulation strategies and gating electronics with standard industry topologies for a range of switching frequencies. A comparison of SiC JBS diodes for MV, such as the decrease in turn-on IGBT losses and the elimination of snappy or avalanche recoveries is reviewed, and ways to make SiC more cost effective via topology and packaging choices are discussed.
具有中压(MV) Si igbt和反并联碳化硅(SiC)结势垒肖特基(JBS)二极管的半导体模块在商业和海军转换器中很受关注，因为它们可以显著降低开关损耗，目前比全SiC开关更具成本效益。一个三电平转换器正在构建和测试使用定制模块由60A (120A脉冲)，4.5kV Si igbt和SiC JBS二极管。这项工作提供了一个平台，可以使用商业调制策略和具有标准工业拓扑的开关频率范围的门控电子器件，在MV下降低和评估SiC JBS二极管的集成风险。比较了用于MV的SiC JBS二极管，例如降低导通IGBT损耗和消除快速或雪崩恢复，并讨论了通过拓扑和封装选择使SiC更具成本效益的方法。
{"title":"Three-level inverter with 60 A, 4.5 kV Si IGBT/SiC JBS power modules for marine applications","authors":"K. Lentijo, K. Hobart","doi":"10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTS.2013.6523728","url":null,"abstract":"Semiconductor modules with medium-voltage (MV) Si IGBTs and anti-parallel silicon-carbide (SiC) junction-barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes are of interest in commercial and naval converters as they allow for significantly reduced switching losses and at present are more cost-effective than an all-SiC switch. A three-level converter is being built and tested using custom modules made with 60A (120A pulsed), 4.5kV Si IGBTs and SiC JBS diodes. This work provides a platform to de-risk and evaluate the integration of SiC JBS diodes at MV using commercial modulation strategies and gating electronics with standard industry topologies for a range of switching frequencies. A comparison of SiC JBS diodes for MV, such as the decrease in turn-on IGBT losses and the elimination of snappy or avalanche recoveries is reviewed, and ways to make SiC more cost effective via topology and packaging choices are discussed.","PeriodicalId":119318,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115211110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：